oil and grease removal program - p2 infohouse · 2018. 6. 13. · lipid compounds, including...

This document has been developed for use by food service facilities and those associated with food service including food preparation, service, and associated cleanup. This document has also been prepared for use by facilities served by the Town of Garner’s Wastewater Treatment Facility and the Town’s sanitary wastewater collection system. Specific questions should be directed to the Public Utilities Department, or the Wastewater Treatment Facility.

Public Utilities Director: Sewer Collections Superintendent: Wastewater Treatment Facility Site Coordinator: Wastewater Treatment Facility Operator: Wastewater Pretreatment Inspector:

Ron Horton 772-7600 Tom Johnson 772-2236 Tim Woody 662-5024 Jesse Luper 662-5024

Archie Rowland 662-5024

The Nature of Grease

Characteris.t;ics of crease

HYDROPHOBIC hydro= water phobiadear

Hydrophobic = Water-Fearing Lipid compounds, including greases, oils, and fats, are water-fearing, meaning they separate from water. Think of the old cliche of enemies "mixing like oil and water."

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

CQAGULATES Because of its hydrophobic nature, grease clings to surfaces that are free of water. It also tends to cling to other grease already present - coagulation. With a specific gravity of 1, water is the benchmark for measuring the density of a substance. Grease has a specific gravity of less than 1, which means it floats when separated.

FORMS CLOGS STARTING AT THE TOP OF PIPES

The hydrophobic, coagulation, and specific gravity properties of grease mean it floats on water and clings to the tops of pipes. Sugars, starches, and heavier debris may collect on the bottom as the flow moves through the drain lines (fig. 1). Layer upon layer of grease builds from the top down (fig. 2) until water flow is blocked and a clog is formed (fig. 3).

ODOROUS Grease just smells bad. Obnoxious odors from rancid waste grease build-up emanate from drain lines, sinks, grease traps, lift stations, and floor drains.

Fig. 3


7he Make-up of Grease LIPIDS

Grease, fat, and oil are all lipid-based compounds, derived from living cells of animal and vegetable matter. LIPID5

Any of various substances, including fats, grease, and waxes, t ha t with proteins and carbohydrates con- st i tutes the structural principles A GREASE MOLECULE o f living cells. A typical grease molecule (fig. 1) consists of three fatty

acids attached to a glycerol "backbone."

TRIGLYCERIDE:

TRIGLYCERIDE A triglyceride molecule is made up of three carbon atoms joined to three straight chain fatty acids by an ester configuration.

Almost 95% of the weight of most seed oils is composed of various triglycerides. Free fatty acids compose the remaining 5%.

The technical name for a grease molecule.

Higldy stable: ChemicaIIy, triglycerides are Iiiglily stable moleciiles. They are extremely hard to break down, which makes treatinerzt mid disposal of ivasfe grease very difficicrrlt.

MONOGLYCERIDES AND DIGLYCERIDES While most lipids are triglycerides, a small percentage have a different molecular structure. Monoglycerides have only one fatty acid attached to the glycerol backbone; diglycerides have two.


PropetWes of Common Fats and o h

Melting Point Density

Substance F" I C" I bs./gal. kg ./I

Tallow 108 I 42 7.88 0.945

Palm Oil 95 1 35 7.63 0.915

Cocoa Butter 93 I 34 8.04 0.964

Coconut Oil 77 I 25 7.67 0.920

Palm Kernel Oil 7.70 0.923

Peanut Oil 37 I 3 7.62 0.914

Cotton Seed Oil 30 I -1 7.65 0.917

Olive Oil 21 '1 -6 7.66 0.91 8

Poppy Seed Oil 5 I -15 7.71 0.925

Sesame Oil 3 I -16 7.66 0.919

Soybean Oil 3 1 -16 0.927 7.73

Corn Oil -4 I -20 7.69 0.922

Note: There can be considerable variation in the data depending on the age and purity of

Source: HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS

the material.


Grease 5eparation Teehno/ogy

B The stable composition of the grease molecule must be considered when attempting to separate solids, grease, and oil. Effective grease separation technology takes into account four essential elements:

TEMPERATURE High temperatures emulsify grease. As the influent is cooled, grease and oil separate out and rise to the top. If the influent temperature is too high, emulsified grease will flow right through the separation device.

Generally, an influent temperature of below 85°F (29 O C) is suficient for most lipid-based by-products in the food services industry.

THE THREE T’ RULE OF GREA5E & 5EPARATlON: TIME,

Emulsified grease needs sufficient time to cool and separate. The retention time needed to effectively separate out grease and oil will depend on the influent flow rate, amount of surfactants or chemicals, volume, and the size of the separation vessel.

7-E M PERATUR E AND (CONTROLLED)

TURBULENCE


Grease 5eparation Technology

PH fietween 5 - 9)

A low pH level, indicating acidity, has a tendency to "melt" grease, preventing it from separating and moving the problem down into the drainage system. A high pH level, indicating akalinity, will "cut" grease and emulsify it (chemical degreasers are commonly high pH). The emulsified grease moves down line where it coagulates as the alkalinity is reduced via dilution.

QUIESCENCE. Any turbulence, whether ongoing or periodic, which accompanies flows too great for the device's volume, will either prevent the breaking-up of grease and oil emulsions or tend to re-emulsify already separated materials. Additionally, turbulence keeps any solids stirred into suspension.

&vee - ess - ents)

QUIE5CENT; adj.: Being at rest; inactive

VOLUME Volume is the most important feature to successfully trap grease.The device must be large enough, relative to the influent volume, to allow sufficient retention and cooling time.

THE BOTTOM LINE: .............. WtIiorrf srrfficient capacity, grease separation cannot be achieved.

Produ~ers of Grease

Who Generates Grease? A wide variety of commercial, residential, public, private, and industrial facilities produce the waste grease that ends up in the wastewater system.

COMlMIERCIAL AI1 Food Service Outlets

RESIDENTIAL Condominiums/ Apartment Buildings

PUBLIC Public Schools

Obviously, restaurants use large amounts of grease in their cooking. While grease and oil from fryers, etc., is collected and recycled, large quantities of grease are washed down the drains -- from washins greasy cookware to hosing down the floors.

Condominiums and apartment buildings often have grease- related waste problems. With a number of residents using only one drainage system, grease from cooking and dishwashing rapidly builds up in pipes and causes problems in the plumbing and sewer system.

In addition to kitchen waste produced by cafeterias, public schools produce grease from cooking in home-economics courses.

Producers of Grease

who Generates Grease? PRIVATE + Churches Most churches now have on-site, full service kitchens that

are used for fundraisers, charity work, and congregational functions. These activities generate waste grease and oils. Additionally, a pastor's on-site residence may also contribute to the grease waste problems.

INDUSTRIAL Food processing plants discharge huge amounts of waste grease and oil. In a meat-processing plant, grease, fat, and oil comes from numerous sources, including scraps trim- med from the meat, washing of equipment, and fatty ester lubricants used in manufacturing machinery.

Meat Packing

Other P l a w that Rvducc Gnam Restaurants Country Clubs Ships Fraternal Organizations

Local, State, and Bar and Grills Airports Resorts

Residential Housing

Federal Government Flea Markets Delicatessens Amusement Parks

Prisons Caterers Convention Centers Food Processing Plants

Retirement Homes

Parks and Campgounds

Meat Packing Plants

Business Clubs

Apartment Complexes

Bus Stations

Slaughterhouses

Industrial Feeders

Railroad Terminals

Shopping Malls

Nursing Homes

Fairgrounds

Bowling Alleys

Military Bases

Work Camps

Ice Cream Shops

Laundromats

Hospitals

Butchers

Colleges

zoos Truck Stops

Sports Complexes

Supermarkets

Lift Stations

Linen Services

Seafood Packing Plants

Bakeries

Schools

Hotels

Tanneries

Doughnut Shops

Bottling Plants

Department Stores

Problems Associated with Grease

Despite the wide spectnun of places that produce grease, most experience the same problems associated with grease.

Blocked Sewer Lines

Rancid Odors

Environmental Concerm

Potential Health Hazards

Lift Station Failure

Drain Field Failure

Increased

Iizcrensed

BOD

Grease and Oil

Loading at POTW

Disposal Problems

Costs Assodated with Grease

ked Drain Lines ---+ Pay a plumber to unclog drains

\ Pay employees to clean up the n

Blocked Sewer Lines - Line cleaning is v e y cost& to the sewer authority

Hassles with IzealtJz autlzorities over backups

\ Loss of customers

Employee dissatis fac f io n

ncid Odors

i

Disposal Problems Expensive grease trap pumping

Problem I cost

vess

m Environmental, b Damaze to the environment Concerns

\A Heftyjines or closure of the facility

Costs Associa&d with Grease

Illness equals decreased produeti

Lift Station Failure + Replacement and repair costs are exfremely Jziglz

Closure of facility rrn fiIproblenz

Prolzibitive cost of replacement

Drain Field Failure

Hassles witlz autlzorities over

Siircharges and fines levied

Increased BOD

Increased G & 0 fi Higli operafing cosfs of POTW passed onto public

'viy

Fitwatment at t h e 50um The Problem of Grease

GREASE WILL 5EPARAfE OUT OF A WA5TE 5TREAM ONLY UNDER CON TROLL ED CON DIflON5!

The nature of grease and the ineffectiveness of traditional methods of controlling grease make grease a formidable

. problem for wastewater treatment systems.

Pretreatment of the waste stream can greatly reduce the costly and hazardous flow of waste grease into drainlines, sewer lines, lift stations, drainfields, and POTWs. Lack of pretreatment can result in:

High BOD levels High COD levels High Grease and Oil levels Increased operating costs Clogged collection systems

TEMPERA- VOLUME QCrIESCENCE PH ?& (below 85 F) (behveen 5 - 9)

THE THREE “T ’RULE OF GREA5E 5EPARAT/ON: TlME,

TEMPERATURE, AND (CON TROL L E P)

TURBULENCE

f?hcrtteatment at the 5ource ntenance a i Proper maintenance of a grease trap benefits everyone fiom the customer all the way to the POTW. Maintenance depends on the facility manager, so making sure he or she understands the basics is crucial.

WHAT DOES A GREASE TRAP DO?

A grease trap is designed to prevent grease, oil, solids, and other debris fiom enrering the waste stream, where it becomes a problem by clogghng sewers and disrupting the water flow in the system. A grease trap captures those wastes and contains them until they can be properly disposed of.

WHERE 1s THE GREASE TRAP LOCATED?

Most grease traps ar2 located outside, often in the parking lots of the facility. Most can be recognized by the manhole lids that cover the accesses to the grease trap.

WHAT DOES REGULAR MAINTENANCE

A grease trap should be checked periodically to make sure it is working correctly. Backups, foul odors, high BOD, COD, or G&0 levels, and other drainage problems may indicate that a trap is not Cunctioning correctly. When needed, the trap should be pumped out by a reputable pumper to remove settled solids and separated = Urease.

INCLUDE?

KEMEMBER: When it come5 t o grease trap maintenance, be PROACTIVE rather than KEACTIVE!

DIM 'A' -1 . . . . --- -1- . . . . . . . ....... 6 . . . . . . . . . :

I

I a. 1 GROUT BOTH SIDES

CLEAR ACCESS ,----

' I' '\,/ OPENINGS

I I / \

. \

-- - - .' '. PRECAST BAFFLE 4'THK -

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . PLAN ViEW -SLOT Born sims

-LOCKING FRAME 6 COVER. AIR 6 GAS TIGHT VENT PIPES OPTIONAL

ADJUST TO GRADE

PRECAST BAFFLE 4'THK

-- NOTES: I. CONCRETE:~~DAY f ' r - 4 s W p 1 2. REBAR: ASTM A615 GRADE 60 3. MESH: ASTM A-185 GRADE 65 4. DESIGN AC1311-83 EIUKDINO CODE

ASTM C-057 MINIMIIM STRUCTURAL DESION LOADINO FOR UNOEROROUND PRECAST CONCRETE UTILIW STRUCTURES

5. LOADS: H-20 TRUCK WHEEL M 0 K IMPACT PER AASHTO 6. FILL wl CLEAN WATER PRIOR TO START UP OF SYSTEM 7. CONTRACTOR TO SUPPLY h INSTALL ALL PIPING AND

SANIIARY TEE.. 4 CLEAN OUTS. FOR CLEANINO TOWARD TRAP AND FOR CLEANINO AWAY F R W TRAP ON BOTH THE INLET AND OUTLET/ ALT. DUAL SWEEP CLEAN W T S

BY SEPERATE SEWER a. GRAY WATER ONLY, BLACK WATER SHALL BE CARRIED - LENGTH - = i n LENGTH __I

SECTiON AA SREASE TRAP 600 - 6000 GALLON CAPACITIES

S

Grease Intetzepre: Do They Work?

Grease interceptors BREAK all three part5 of the Three-T Rule of Grease 5epa ration.

Grease interceptors are typically located next to the source of kitchen wastewater, such as a triple sink or a dishwasher. The capacity of most interceptors is under twenty gallons.

Restaurants using grease interceptors often suffer from frequently clogged drain lines, back-ups (and the related health hazards), and problems with meeting acceptable effluent discharge standards. Obviously, the interceptor is not working!

WHY? TIME

TEMPERATURE

TURBULENCE

If a triple sink (typically 40-50 gallon capacity) full of used dishwater -- loaded with emulsified grease -- is emptied, those 40 to 50 gallons of water must flow through a 5 to 20 gallon grease interceptor. With this kind of displace- mmt nfi'a, &here Cm b? k d C Oi no re:entidii rt?le.

The water used to clean dishes by hand is almost always very warm-- and there is very little time between the sink and the interceptor for that water to cool and the emulsified grease to separate. Dishwashing machines use water that is close to boiling temperature!

The sheer volume of water and the force of the flow through the drain when a triple sink is emptied guarantee that the water is turbulent, keeping grease from separating and keeping solids suspended. ____

__

The result: The emulsified grease moves right through t h e interceptor and further down the drain system, where i t creates problems in drain lines,

grease traps, sewer lines, lift; stations, drainfields, and poW5.

Grease 5eparators Mechanical grease separators are very similar to grease interceptors in size and placement. In addition, they have a mechanical "oil skimming" device designed to remove "free-floating" grease and oil. The similarities between interceptors and mechanical separators mean that they are similarly ineffective in separating grease:

-No retention time -Water too hot -High turbulence

Although somewhat effective on "free-floating" grease and oil, the mechanical device cannot remove emulsified grease. it slips through the separator and into the drain and sewer lines and the grease problems begin.

Mechanical grease separators don't work for t h e 5ame reason interceptors don't work -- they break the 7-hree-T Rule.

Mechanical grease separators are usually demonstrated under controlled conditions. The separator is filled with cool water and oil is poured into it. When the unit is turned on, it skims almost all the oil from the water. However, once installed the unit rarely, if ever, operates under those conditions again: in a real, working kitchen, the water is hot, the retehtion time is almost nonexistent, turbulence is high, and the grease and oil is emulsified by surfactants. The separator simply can't separate the grease effectively .

Wiper Blade /

/

Internal Solids Strainer Skimming Wheel

GREASE INTERCEPTORS

I .

2.

3

4

5.

6.

7.

8.

H&H DISTRIBUTORS GARNER NC (9 19) 772-4767 LEW WELBORN- MANUAL CHUCK STEWART - SALES ENGINEERING

JAY R S M I T H MFG. CO. - MANUAL PO BOX 3237 MONTGOMERY, AL 36 109-0237 TEL (334) 277-8520 F A X (334) 272-7396

LOWE ENGINEERJNG CO. AUTOMATIC 2 STATION ROAD LINCOLN P A R K , NJ (20 I ) 696- 1300 ROBERT TOLAR- CHARLOTTE (704) 8-16-43) I

STAY-RIGHT TANK IN-GROUN D PO BOX 58659 RALEIGH, NC 27658 (9 19) 846-8600

ULTRACEPT OIL-WATER SEPARATOR, INC. ROUTE 2 BOX 663 MORRISVLLLE, NC 28 1 15 1-800-767-0466 FAX (704) 892-8646

MECHANICAL PRODUCTS CO. MANUAL 7804 LAUREL MOUNTAM ROAD RALEIGH, NC 276 13 (919) 676-7697 FAX (919) 676-6538

THERMACO .ANDREW ETHRIDGE 237-0349 646 GREENSBORO ST. AUTOMATIC ASHEBORO, NC 27204-2548 1-800-633-4204

INTERNATIONAL GRD 1514 PARKSLEY AVENUE BALTIMORE, MD 2 1230

1.71. F.4 !\ 1 i 2 _-- ..

(410) 525-0383 FAX (4 10) 646-7820

INFORMATION IS ALSO AVAILABLE FROM A LOCAL P1,UMIIINC SUPPLY COMPANY

Recycling (De- Watering) -

Pump Trucks Recycling pump trucks are great for collecting contained, recyclable grease and oil, such as that from fryers.

When it comes to grease trap grease, however, they are less efficient. These trucks are supposed collect the water f?om the trap, separate out the grease, and then refill the trap with the "clean" grease trap water.

Recycling trucks often collect only the surface layer (grease cap) of the grease trap, leavin? behind solids that collect at the bottom of the trap. This organic matter leads to hish BOD, COD, and TSS levels in the restaurant's effluent.

--.-.T' --.:LI 1:: :'A*:, >-&p.::\:L.::: $,';L-,'<y ?--, :-

grease and oil levels in the effluent may actually increase by using these trucks. The turbulence created by the pumping action emulsifies the grease and oil in the water, preventing it from separating and sending it right back into the trap it came from!

.L u

In many areas of the country, recycling pump trucks are prohibited from pumpin? or skimming grease traps.

Training for Restaurateurs

More education = fewer problems

TRAINING SHOULD INCLUDE:

The easiest way to handle waste grease is to reduce it at the source. Training restaurateurs and their employees about the problem means long-term benefits for your municipality and community.

1. The n atirre of grease

2. The effects of grease ori the en viroimeii t

3. The costs of treating grease niid their relationship to higher tmes

4. Recommended grease disposnl practices for n restaurant

5. Reco tnrneii ded It ocisekeep iiig psncrices for n restaurant

Tiining for Ke&aumteurs

Making It Work

E ........................................................... Education and Explanation Teach the staff about the nature of grease and grease separation and how it affects their work and working conditions.

........................................................... Pretreatment The pretreatment of waste grease includes:

- Good housekeeping practices - Proper grease trap design and placement - Proper use of cleaners and chemicals

P

........................................................... Influence and Incentives Make good housekeeping practices a daily and integral part of every staff member's job. Offer incentives: their cooperation means fewer messy back-ups to clean up, smoother day-to-day operations, and lower costs for municipalities, which result in lower taxes for everyone.

................ Control Control over all of the factors is the only way to achieve results.

-

OUT Or S16HT OUT OF mlnb?

Severa l

Durant Road in Raleigh. Wake County citizens including Garner residents have used this facility to dispose of many i t e m s

years ago Wake County opened its first Permanent Residenrial Household Hazardous Waste Collection Facility at

such as notor 0113, antifreeze, paints, solvents, cleaners, pesticides, and other recyclables. This facility and others like it help reduce the chances of hazardcus wastes from entering our environment through our landfills and wastewater treatment, facilities,

Another ongoing problem that requires your attention is grease, fats , and oils. Like many of the items listed above grease should not be disposed of down the drain. Nishandled grease can present many problems, especially in a city's sanitary sewer system by physically obstructing pipe l ines and resulting in blockages and spills,

The Town of Garner is not imune from t h i s problem. We too have experienced a high degree cf grease and oils in the sanitary sewer system resulting in blockages that can lead to back ups and sewer overflows. You can help by ncnitoring what is disposed o f in your drain.

* Pour grease, cils, and fats from cooking down the drain * Use the drain a: A means to dispose of food scraps

Do ..... * * Place food scraps in waste containers for s o l i d waste

The Town of Garner's Sewer Use Ordinance requires food service facilities a3d t hose associated with food service to minimize the content of grease and o i l s in their wastestseam, This nay bo achieved by pretreatment devices such as grease traps or interceptors that require proper and regular maintenance and cleaning. In the corning months we will be actively working w i t h these facilities t o help them meet these requirements.

As residents we hope t h a t YOU too will help in our efforts to minimize the qrease and oil content of the Town of Garnex's wastewater by incorporating t h e s e DO'S and DC?!'TS in your everyday a c t i v i t y . With everyone's efforts w e hope t:, minimize the number of blockages that result i n back ups and overflcws in the sanitary sewer system that impact our environtent and p z b l i c hcalth.

Collect grease in containers and dispose of it in the garbage

disposal, or st3rt a backyard compost pile

REMEMBER ... t n a d r a i n is not a t r a s h can and the wastes are NOT out of sight and out of mind,

If you have any q c a s t i o n s or if you have any suggestions that may be h-lpfuf to us please call the Public Utilities Department at 772-7600 or %'nc Wastewater Treatment Facility at 662-5024.

Town of Garner Maintenance Record

Grease Traps/Interceptors

Date Service Firm Signature

I I I I I

Non SIU Inspection Report

Date

Facility Name Facility Location

Facility Representative Facility Phone

Type of Wastes:-Domestic, -Food Wastes, A u t o m o t i v e Oils, -Other

Plumbing Drains (toilets, sinks, floor drains, washers, ...)

Pretreatment Device

Location of Prtr Device

Date of Last Service , By Who , Service Interval

Service Firm , Service Firm Address , Phone

Service Records Kept On Site?- Yes - No

Current Condition of Prtr Device

Sample Taken?- Yes - No (- Grab - Composite), Parameters

Sample Location , Sample Time , Sample Date

Condition of Prtr Device: - Excellent - Fair - Poor

Comments

Inspector Date

5ample Grease 7rap 5khg Formulas

Locarion

inrersrate

orlicr t i cways

recrezrional

main highways

M ct h 0 d [EPA -11 -mh. size 750 gallons

Loading Storage Factors Factor 1.25 minimum 1.7

1 .O maximum 2.5

1 .O

0.8

1. Number of seats : 2. A x s t o q e capacity factor : 3 . B x (hours open + 2) 4. C x location loading factor = volume oftrap

orher roads

Seats (A) (B)

0.5

(C) gallons @)

type of iLxrure

resmranr kirclien sink

single comp.mment sink

soluble compartment sink

2, single coiiipaninent siiiks

2 , double conipamncnt sinks

up to 30 gallon dishwastier

UP to 50 gallon dishwasher

SO- 100 gallon dishwasher

flow rate retention capacity (Ibs) trap volume (gallons) (epm)

15 I 30 50

20 40 50

25 50 62.5

25 I 50 62.5 35 70 87.5

15 30 50

25 50 62.5

40 80 100

M e t I1 od EPA-21

I . Detemiiiie masinium drainage flow from fLxure(s) : 2. Select gre3se interceptor from provided table :

gallons/minute

Method

1. Number of meals served per day: 2. A x4.5 gallons per meal : 3. B xstorage capacity factor : 4. C x kitchen loading factor = volume of trap

PPA-31 -minimum size 750 gallons

meals ( A ) sallons @) gallons (C) d o n s @)

Grease Traps: Size Does Matter by John McCullouch

It was probably not long after the first indoor plumbing and sanitary sewer systems were installed that the need for grease traps became readily apparent. Like all innovations throughout human history, solving one problem (transporting wastewater away) created a new one (removing grease to prevent line stoppages). The purpose of using a grease trap is straightforward: to remove as much grease as possible from the wastewater stream. Accomplishing this task, however, requires proper sizing using both objective and subjective criteria, and adequate maintenance of the trap. Determining the appropriate size for a grease trap is somewhat of a slippery slope. It is obvious that depending on the community where one lives dictates what particular sizing methodology is used. Several years of working with plumbing contractors and engi- neers has revealed that many systems are in use by virtue of the oft-repeated phrase: "That's not how we do it in our city!" Some codes size traps based on meals served per day, others on square footage, and still others on projected flow rates and retention times. Regardless of the sizing criteria employed, too small a trap will result in excess grease being discharged and an increase in the pump-out frequency, therefore the cost for maintenance. Too large a trap will decrease the pump-out frequency, but may create corrosion/odor problems due to the trap contents turning septic. Combine this with the relative greasy nature of the food being prepared, and it soon becomes obvious that one single objective sizing criteria will not fit all scenarios. With good maintenance, a theoretically undersized trap may perform just fine for an establishment that does not serve greasy food. Conversely, a properly sized trap (according to the local code) may not perform well at all if maintenance is poor or if the menu is loaded with greasy food selections,

The sizing criteria that the author is most familiar with, and that has served our local POTW well over the years, uses expected flow rates calculated' from fixture unit counts along with a 12-minute retention time*' to determine a final grease trap volume.

* References for using fixture unit counts as a basis for determining flow rates have come from chapters out of versions of the Uniform Plumbing Code.

** A criteria derived in our city department in 1979. It has been our municipal department staff theory, confirmed by our monitoring experience, that 12 minutes is an adequate retention time for grease to separate out of the waste stream in a well designed grease trap, to meet a discharge limit of 200 mg/L at combined end of pipe sampling location.

Each type of kitchen fixture is assigned a fixture unit count (FU) according to the schedule below:

Each Fixture EL! 2", 3", or 4" floor sink 2", 3", or 4" floor drain 3-compartment sink 4 1 -compartment sink 1 Dishwasher 4 Garbage grinder 4 Hand sink 0 Mop sink 0 Hub drains

2, 3, or 4 2, 3, or 4

0, 2,3, or 4 (Hub - depending on pipe size &what is being wasted to the drain)

A '0' count is assigned to hand and mop sinks as impact from these sources is negligible. Similarly, a hub drain receiving indirect condensate waste from an ice machine or steam table receives a '0' due to no grease loading.

After each type of fixture is tallied and the FU count assigned, all FUs are summed.

For example, if a hypothetical restaurant had:

All Fixtures FU Totals 6 4" floor sinks 24 5 3" floor drains 15 2 3-compartment sinks 8 1 Dishwasher 4 1 Garbage grinder 4 2 Handsinks 0 1 Mop sink 0 3 3" Hub drains (condensate) 0

Totals 55 FU

The projected maximum flow rate in gallons per minute expected from the total fixture unit counts is then calculated by multiplying the FU count by 3"'

*** Three is the result of 7.5/2.5. These numbers are also from Uniform Plumbing Code chapters. 7.5 is the maximum gravity flow rate in gallons per minute expected per each fixture unit count; while 2.5 is a diversity factor that projects III normal operations all fixtures within a facility are not in simultaneous use.

- ~

__

In our example, 55 FU times 3 yields a flow rate of 165 gallons per minute (gpm). To calculate the minimum trap volume, simply multiply the gpm rating by the retention time:

165 gallondminute X 12 minutes =' 1,980 gallons (flow rate) (retention time) (trap volume)

However, deriving the most appropriate grease trap size is a two-step process, using both science and art.

Calculating the fixture units is the science; determining if the FU count is appropriate for the projected use is the art. Some leeway may be given based on how often and how long each fixture will be discharging flow to the trap: the maximum available cold or hot water flow from the available potable water spigots; the hours of operation; and the type of food to be served.

In our example we did not give any additional 'art' credit for this site. Remember, the first step in our sizing system is based on the theoretical flow rate, and not based on the expected quality of the waste source, the type of food kitchen service. If our hypothetical restaurant served only vegetarian food, then 1,980 gallons would likely be an oversized volume. This is where we would make a subjective decision to give fixture unit count credits. If the business was a Mexican or Asian style restaurant, then it might be unwise to reduce the size at all.

Having too large a trap, as long as it does not go septic, is much less a problem than one that is undersized. A proven oversized trap may be reduced in volume by

lowering the effluent pipe elevation, or by partially filling the trap with inert matter such as blocks of concrete. An undersized trap cannot be made larger except by adding additional volume at considerable cost for excavation and plumbing. The vegetarian restaurant may want to keep the large trap volume to increase the time between pump-outs or to lower its surcharge, and a Mexican or Asian restaurant may want to actually increase the trap volume to maximize retention time for grease and possibly decreased surcharge costs.

If construction space is at a premium for a large trap, the review plan size may be negotiated by removing some fixtures (typically remove some floor drains from non-critical locations) in the design. Depending on how your local oil and grease limit is enforced (at the trap effluent or at the property line after commingling with other domestic sources of wastewater) may also dictate how much wiggle room you may want to give the customer. The concentration of oil and grease in wastewater for a given restaurant with its own water meter and sewer tap may be considerably different than the same restaurant in a shopping center discharging to a single sewer tap and with one common water meter for all tenants.

No matter what code your POTW adopts for sizing criteria, it is always wise to inform the customer that any trap downsizing from objective criteria does not waive your right to expect compliance with the ordinance limit for oil and grease. Determining a reasonable trap size up-front is a great beginning, but the facility use and trap maintenance play equally important roles in the customer's role of managing a compliant discharge.

Sewer Use Ordinance Town of Garner

Chapter 17 Water and Sewers

“Prohibited Discharges”

July 21,1998 Latest Amendments

Chapter 17

WATERAND SEWERS*

Art. I. In General, 00 17-1-17.16

Art. III. Use of S d t a r y Sewer System, 80 17-81-17.73 Art. IV. Extending Water and Sewer Mains, 55 17-74-17.79 Art. V. Protection of Public Water Supply, 00 17.80-17-88

Art. II. Rates and Charges, $0 17-17-17-60

- - *Charter reference-Contracts for water or sewer extension, 0 5.6. Cross reference-Plumbing, 9 19-78 et seq. State law references-Sanitation generally, G.S. §§ 13OA-227 et seq.; North Carolina Drinkkg Water Act, G.S. 5 130A-311 et

seq.; sanitary sewage systems, G.S. Q 130A-333 et seq.

WATER AND SEWERS

mg/I-MiIligrax=.s per liter. NCGS-North Carolina General Statutes. NPDES-Naticnal Pollution Discharge Elimination System.

O&M-Operation and maintenance. . POTW-PubIicI;=owned treatment works. RCRA-Resource Conservation and Re- covery Act. SIC-Standard industrial classification.

SWDA-Solid Kaste Disposal Act.

TSS-Total suszended solids. TKN-Total Kje!dahl Nitrogen.

USC-United Szites Code. No. 2303, 0 I, 10-10-88; Ord. No. 2387,

9-19-89; Ord. No. 2637.5 1, 7-5-94)

Sec. 17-8. Prohibited discharges and specific

(a) Prohibited discirarge standards. N o user shall contribute or cailse to be contributed into the P O W , directly or indirectly, any pollutant or wastewater which causes interference or pass- through. These general prohibitions apply to all users of a POTW whether or not the user is a significant industrial user or subject to any na- tional, state or local pretreatment standards or requirements.

No user shall contribute or cause to be contributed into the P O W the followingpollutants, substances or wastewater.

requirements.

Pollutants which create a fire or explosive hazard in the POlW, including, but not lim- itecllto, wastestreams with a closed cup flashpoint of less than one hundred forty (140) degrees fafirenheit ( s i x t y (60) degrees Celsius) using t5e test methods specified in 40 CFR 261.21.

Solid or viscous substances which may cause obstruction to the flow in a sewer or other interference with the operation of t he POTW such as, but not limited to, floatable oil, garbage with particles greater than one

1 nch in any dimension, animal guts &%$$+j

or tissues, paunch manure, bones, hair, hides or fleshings, entrails, whole blood, feathers, ashes, cinders, sand, spent lime, stone or marble dust, metal, glass, straw shavings [pic], grass clippings, rags, spent grains, spent hops, wastepaper, wood, plas- tics, gas, tar, asphalt residues, residues from refining or processing of fuel or lubricating oil, mud or glass grinding o r polishing wastes.

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(3) Petroleum oil, nonbiodegradable cui;$g o+&-

,cthat wil l cause interference or pass-through. or products of mineral oil origin in a"ts 11ft

Any wastewater having a pH less than 5.0 or more than w e o r wastewater having any other corrosive property capable of causing damage to the POTW or equipment.

Any wastewater containing pollutants, including oxygen-demanding pollutants (BOD, etc.), in sufficient quantity (flow or concentration), either singly or by interaction with other pollutants, to cause interference with the POTW. Any wastewater having a temperature greater than one hundred fifty (150) degrees Fahrenheit (sixty-six (66) degrees Cel- sius), or which w i l l inhibit biological ac- .tivity in the POTW t rea tment plant resulting in interference, but in no case wastewater which causes the temperature at the introduction into the treatment plant to exceed one hundred four (104) degrees Fahrenheit (forty (40) degrees Celsius).

Any pollutants which result in the pres- ence of toxic gases, vapors or fumes within the POTW in a quantity that mry cause acute worker health and safety problems. Any trucked or hauled pollutants, except at discharge points designated by the P O W director in accordance with subsection (i) of this section.

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Any noxious or malodorous liquids, gases, or solids or other wastewater which, either singly or by interaction with other wastes, are suficient to create a public nuisance or

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GARNER CODE

hazard to life or are sufficient to prevent entry into the sewers for maintenance and repair. water discharge permit.

(16) Any medical wastes, except as specifically authorized by the POTW &mor in a waste-

(10) Any substance which may cause the (17) Any material containing unmonia, am- P0;rCv's effluent or any other product of the POTW, such as residues, sludges or scums, to be unsuitable for reclamation and reuse or to interfere with the reclamation process. In no case shall a substance discharged to the POTW cause the POTW to be in noncompliance with sludge use or disposal regulations or permits issued under section 405 of the Act, the Solid Waste Dis- posal Act, the Clean Air Act, the Toxic Sub- stances Control Act or state criteria applicable to the sludge management method being used.

Any wastewater which imparts color which cannot be removed by the treatment process, including, but not limited to, dye wastes and vegetable tanning solutions, which consequently imparts suffxcient color to the treatment plant's effluent [so as] to render the waters injurious to public health or secondary recreation or to aquatic life and wildlife or to adversely affect the pal- atability of fish or aesthetic quality or im- pair the receiving waters for any designated uses.

Any wastewater containing any radioactive wastes or isotopes except as specifically approved by the POTW director in compliance with applicable state or federd regulations.

Stormwater, surface water, groundwater, artesian well water, roof runoff, subsurface drainage, swimming pool drainage, condensate, deionized water, noncontact cooling water and unpolluted industrial wastewater, unless specifically authorized by the POTW director.

Fats, oils or greases of animal or vegetable origin in concentrations greater than one hundred (100) mg/l.

Any sludges, screenings or other residues from the pretreatment of industrial wastes.

monia salts or other chelating agents which will produce metallic complaves that interfere with the municipal wastewater system.

(18) Any material that would be identified as hazardous waste according to 40 CFR part 261 if not disposed of in a sewer except as may be specifically authorized by the POTW director.

(19) Any wastewater causing the treatment plant effluent to violate state water quality standards for toxic substances as described in 15A NCAC 2B .0200.

(20) Wastewater causing, alone or in conjunc- tion with other sources, the treatment plant's effluent to fail a toxicity test.

(21) Recognizable portions of the human or animal anatomy.

(22) Any wastes containing detergents, surface active agents or other substances which may cause excessive foaming in the municipal wastewater system.

(23) At no time shall two (2) successive readings on an explosion hazard meter, at the point of discharge into the system (or at any point in the system), be more than five (5) percent nor any single reading over ten (10) percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) of the meter.

Pollutants, substances, wastewater or other wastes prohibited by this section &all not be pro- cessed or stored in such a manner that they could be discharged to the municipal wastewater system. All floor drains located in process or materials storage areas must discharge to the industrial user's pretreatment facility before connecting with the system.

When the POTW director determines that a user is contributing to the P O W any of the above- enumerated substances in such amounts which may cause or contribute to interference of POTW operation or pass-through, or the POTW director

SAMPLING FEE AGREEMENT

In accordance with the Town of Garner’s Sewer Use Ordinance No. 2751, amendments to the Town fees and charges, Item l . , it is agreed to that the standard fee of $ will be paid to the Town of Garner for collection, delivery, and analysis of grease and oil samples, at the request of the facility owner, operator, manager, or other representative. The purposes of this data is to provide information about the facility and help determine complaince.

Facility Representative, Date

Directory of Markets for Recyclable Materials This list was produced by the Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance (DPPEA) of the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Findings contained herein do not necessarily represent policies and procedures of DPPEA or DENR, and this list does not imply endorsement of any company or its products. DPPEA has made every effort to make this Directory and the information contained herein as accurate as possible. However, some information may have changed since it was collected.

Search: Restaurant Grease

1. Waste Management of Wilmington 3920 River Road Wilmington, NC 28406 New Hanover County Contact Mr. G. Chris McKeithan (General Manager)

General Requirements: N/A Notes: View Complete Companv Profile

(910) 799-5256 FAX: (910) 799-5249

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2. McGill Environmental Systems 1100 Herring Road Rose Hill, NC 28458 Sampson County Contact: Ms. Annette Tyson (Client Services Manager)

General Requirements: Samples, adyticals, and MSDS sheets required. Accept drums, roll-off boxes, dump trailers, tankers, etc. Hauling services available. Minimum quantities required. Timing fees charged. Notes: DEM permitted facility - also p d e d for bioremediation of contaminated soils. Eastern NC is our Primary service area, but we serve clients throughout the mid-Atlantic states, including the Piedmont. View Complete Company Profile

(910) 532-2539 FAX: (910) 532-2542

3. Valley Proteins, Inc. PO Box 718, Highway 52 Wadesboro, NC 28170 Anson County Contack Mr. Michael Boling (Sales)

General Requirements: Product must have protein base. Notes: In operation 5 days week, 12-hour days. Company recycles waste grease, fat and bones. View Complete Companv Profile

(704) 694-3701 FAX: (704) 694-6145

4. CBP Resources, Inc. 2410 Randolph Ave. Greensboro, NC 27420 Guilford County Contact: Mr. Luck Sackett (Vice President)

General Requirements: Materials must be clean and uncontaminated. Notes: Also known as Carolina By-products. View Complete Company Profile

(336) 333-3006 FAX: (336) 378-0435

5. Enterprise Rendering Co. 28821 Bethlehem Ch. Rd. Oakboro, NC 28129 S h l y County Contact Ms. Carroll Braun, Jr. (Manager)

General Requirements: Contact company for requirements. Notes: Hours of operation: 8:OO AM - 5:OO PM, Monday thru Friday. All permits for operations are kept current. View Complete Companv Profile

(704) 485-3018 FAX: (704) 485-2222

6. Bakery FeedsIGriffin Industries 5805 Highway 74 East Marshville, NC 28103 Union County Contact: Mr. Rick Chapman (General Manager)

General Requirements: None Notes: Bakery Feeds, Inc. also operates a facility in Doswell, VA, which serves NC. Genere operates 5 days per week, 18 hours each day. View Complete Company Profile

(704) 624-9140 FAX: (704) 624-9143

7. Environmental Recycling AlternativesJnc P.O. Box 6417 High Point, NC 27262 Randolph County Contact: Mr. Greg Meurs (Manager)

General Requirements: Samples, MSDS, Certified Analysis may be needed. Notes: View Complete Company Profile

(336) 869-8785 FAX: (336) 869-4940

8. Smith Farms 882 Luby Smith Road Princeton, NC 27569 Wayne County Contact: Mr. Darrell Smith (President) (919) 736-4336 FAX: (919) 734-1644

Directory of Markets for Recyclable Materials This list was produced by the Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance (DPPEA) of the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Findings contained herein do not necessarily represent policies and procedures of DPPEA or DENR, and this list does not imply endorsement of any company or its products. DPPEA has made every effort to make this Directory and the information contained herein as accurate as possible. However, some information may have changed since it was collected.

Search: oil -- motor

1. Holston Group, Inc. 19/23 South Bypass Waynesville, NC 28786 Haywood County Contact: Mr. Pat Carney (VP, Compliance)

General Requirements: Require samples or profile prior to first pickup. Will accept

Notes: Open 24 hours/day. best known for used oil recychg since 1977. Has all pertnits applicable to handling non-hazardous waste. View Complete Company Profile

(828) 452-2836 FAX: (828) 452-2838

any quantity.

2. Energy Recovery Resource, Inc. 215 Speedrail Court Concord, NC 28025 Mecklenburg County Contact: Mr. Rick Martin (President)

General Requirements: Samples required. Accepts bulk tanks or 55 gal. drum; truck service provided must be non-hazardous. Notes: Established in 1978. Hours of operation: 8:OO AM - 5:OO PM Monday thru Friday. EPA permit. NC & SC permitted. City of Charlotte utility Dept. (CMUD) pre-treated waste water discharge permit. View Complete Companv Profile

(704) 455-1333 FAX: (704) 455-5138

3. M&M Chemical CoJGiant Resource Recovery of AL 1229 Valley Drive Attalla, AL 35954 County Contact: Ms. Shirley Worsham (Sales Representative, West NC)

General Requirements: No samples required if MSDS or test date is given Notes: View Complete Companv Profile

(336) 635-1567 FAX: (336) 635-1465

4. Necessary Oil Company 1300 Georgia Ave. Bristol, TN 37620 Sullivan County Contact: Mr. Adam Melendez (Sales Manager)

General Requirements: Advanced samples not required. We do the analysis. Will also take non-PCB transformer oil. Notes: Used oil pick-up service since 1956. Regular hours Mon-Fri 8AM-5PM with 24 hour answering service. Spill clean-up. All recycled oils are martketed for industrial heating oil. View Complete Compmv Profile

(423) 764-4533 FAX: (423) 764-2175

5. Noble Oil Services, Inc. 5617 Clyde Rhyne Drive Sanford, NC 27330 Lee County Contact Mr. Lee Booher (Director of Recycling)

General Requirements: Mini” 200 gal accepted. Notes: website: www.nobleoil.com Established 1983. Hours: 7:OO AM - 6:OO PM Monday thru Friday. EPAID NCD 9861-72476 View Comtdete Commny Profile

(919) 774-8180 FAX: (919) 775-7732

6. Oldover Corp./Giant Resource Recovery of NC and VA 1504 Santa Rosa Rd., Suite 200 Richmond, VA 23229 County Contact: Ms. Shirley Worsham (Sales Rep.)

General Requirements: Samples required. Notes: View Comdete Company Profile

(336) 635-1567 FAX: (336) 635-1465

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7. Chemical Solvents, Inc. 3751 Jennings Road Cleveland, OH 44109 County Contact Mrs. Cindy Lee ()

Gkneral Requirements: N/A Notes: View Complete Companv Profile

(800) 362-0693 FAX: (216) 741-9310

8. Smurfit Stone Corporation 910 Industrial Street Hopewell, VA 23860 Prince George County

http://www.nobleoil.com

Contact: Mr. Kenneth D. Elliotte (Manager, Trafl-ic)

General Requirements: Truck load or rail car quantities only; all bales must be tagged with company name and address. Notes: Monday - Friday 7:OO AM - 1O:OO PM View Complete Companv Profile

(804) 541-9668 FAX: (804) 541-9676

9. Alternate Energy Resources, Inc. 2730 Walden Drive Augusta, GA 30904 Richmond County Contact: Mr. John Metts (General Manager)

General Requirements: Will accept 55 gallon drums, bulk, roll-offs, with samples of new waste streams. Prior Approval Profile Sheet. A fuel blender with a complete waste water treatment facility on site. Notes: Part B permitted facility (December 89); Hours of Operation: 7:OO AM to 11 :00 PM, Monday thru Friday. Lab & transportation available. View Complete Companv Profile

(706) 738-1571 FAX: (706) 738-1581

1O.Detrex Corporation 3 114 Cullman Ave. Charlotte, NC 28206 Mecklenburg County Contact Mr. Bob Benson (Operations Manager)

General Requirements: N/A Notes: Charlotte branch was established 1964 with Part B Permit issued August 1983; most chemicals are brokered for fuel blending. View Complete Company Profile

(704) 372-9280 FAX: (704) 376-0732

1 1. Four Seasons Environmental, Inc. 3107 S. Elm-Eugene Street Greensboro, NC 274060590 Guilford County Contact Mr. Michael Stoneman (Industrial Operations Manager)

General Requirements: Samples may be required; pick-up available for dnun and bulk quantities. Notes: Hours of operation: 8:OO AM - 5:OO PM Monday thnz Friday; EPA ID #NCD991277732 covers Fuel Blendrng of off-specification used fuel oils. View Complete Company Profile

(336) 273-2718 FAX: (336) 274-5798

12.He1-i-e Environmental Services, Inc. 4132 Pompano Road Charlotte, NC 28216 Mecklen burg County Contact: Mr. Larry Eidy (V.P. Sales Manager)

(704) 392-6276 FAX: (704) 391-4513 General Requirements: Accepts dnun, bulk truck and rail quantities; samples required; all petroleum and machming coolants accepted for oil rechmation; other chemicals accepted for he1 blendmg or neutralization. Notes: Established in 1984. Petmitted to receive non-hazardous and hazardous waste. Open 24 hourdday, 5 dayslweek. View Complete Company Profile

13.Recycle System of WNC 272 White Pine Road Fletcher, NC 28732 Buncombe County Contact: Mr. Fred W. Pratt (Owner)

General Requirements: WiU accept materials in bulk or drums fkom individuals or company. Mini" 165 gal. for h e pick-up. Minimum charge for smaller quantities. Notes: Established 1973. Call anytime day or night. EPA permitted. Insured. Manifest provided. View Complete Companv Profite

(828) 684-3397 FAX:

14. Safety-Kleen 777 Big Timber Road Elgin, IL 60 123 1499 County Contact: Mr. Braxton Jones (FRS Manager)

General Requirements: N/A Notes: Established in 1968 as a fluid waste recycling company operating 24/hrslday, 365 daydyear. Operates four permitted sites in North Carolina: Raleigh, St. Pads, High Point, and Charlotte. View Complete Companv Prolile

(404) 434-1572 FAX: (404) 434-6956

15. Systech Environmental Corporation 245 North Valley Road Xenia, OH 45385 County Contact: Ms. Erica Hawk (Marketing Associate)

General Requirements: Material must be qualified and approved by our labs. Customer must submit a sample and completed waste profile. Various facilities accept in various modes; all take bulk liquids, 2 take dnuns also. Have 5 plants in USA. Notes:

(937) 372-8077 FAX: (937) 374-4133

View Complete Company Profile

16.Southeastern Chemical Company - OMNI 755 Industrial Road Sumter, SC 29151 Sumter County

Contact: Mr. Harold Talbert (Vice President - Marketing)

General Requirements: Accepts in drum or bulk. Completed waste profile required. Dnuns and bulk for all materials. Notes: Part "B" 1987; in business since 1974. Operates own fleet of trucks and railcars. View Complete Companv Profile

(803) 773-1400 F A X : (803) 775-7016

17. Safety-Kleen 2320 Yadkin Ave Charlotte, NC 28205 Mecklenburg County Contact: Mr. Roger Neal ()

General Requirements: N/A Notes: established in 1968 as a fluid waste recyhg company operating 24 hrs/day, 365daydyear. View Complete Companv Profile

(704) 375-0098 FAX:

18. Safety-Kleen 6225 Old Stage Rd Raleigh, NC 27603 Wake County Contact: Mr. Tony Crotts (Branch Mgr.)

General Requirements: N/A Notes: established in 1968 as a fluid waste recycling company operating 24hrs/day, 365days/year View Complete Companv Profile

(919) 772-6622 FAX: (919) 772-4279

19. Safety-Kleen Systems Hwy 301 North ST Pauls, NC 28384 Robeson County Contact: Mr. Richard Boughton ()

General Requirements N/A Notes: Established in 1968 as a fluid waste recycling company operating 24 Wday, 365 daydyear View Complete Company Profile

(910) 865-5081 FAX: (910) 865-3675

20. Safety-Kleen PO Box 7064 High Point, NC 27264 Randolph County Contact: Mr. Daryl Crews (Branch Manager)

General Requirements: N/A (336) 861-4149 FAX: (336) 861-4250

Notes: established in 1968 as a avid waste recychg company operating 24 hrs/day, 365 dayslyear View Complete Company Profile

21.NSSI 5711 Etheridge St. Houston, TX 77087 County Contact: Mr. Bob Gallagher (President)

General Requirements: Waste profile and uniform manifest. Notes: Open weekdays. Established 1971, have part B EPA hazardous treatment permit and radioactive waste permits. View Complete Company Profile

(713) 641-0391 FAX: (713) 641-6153

22. Giant Resource Recovery, Inc. SC H w ~ 453 N @ 1-26 Harleyville, SC 29448 Dorchester County Contact Ms. Donna M Davis (Sales Manager)

General Requirements: require samples and d t y i c a l data. Accept materials in drums, supersacks, or bulk by truck, tanker or rail Notes: Interim status under BIF, Part B approved under RCRA for storage, accept hazardous and non-hazardous liquids and solids for use as supplemental fbels in four cement kilns. Process non-hazardous contaminated soils for use as raw materials View Complete Companv Profile

(800) 786-0477 FAX: (803) 496-2228

23.Dynachem Technologies 30474 Energy Drive New Church, VA 23415 Accomack County Contact: Mr. John D. Sharpley (Manager)

General Requirements: Bulk or drums, sample must be approved before shipment Notes: 24 hours day, 7 days/week, est. 1983. All state and federal permits in place. View Complete Company Profile

(757) 824-4880 FAX: (757) 824-3926

24.Carolina Environmental Associates, Inc. 1317 Railroad Street Burlington, NC 27217 Alamance County Contact: Mr. Michael (President)

General Requirements: N/A Notes: View Complete Company Profile

(336) 229-0058 FAX: (336) 229-0204

25.ECOFL0, Inc. 2750 Patterson Street Greensboro, NC 27407 Guiiford County Contact Mr. Ken Northrop (vice President)

General Requirements: N/A Notes: Established 1983. Hours of operation: 8:OO AM - 5:OO PM Monday thru Friday. Full Part B Hazardous Waste Permit. View Complete Companv Profile

(336) 855-7925 FAX: (336) 855-4146

26.Lonnie's Used Cars & Salvage Company 4609 1/2 Pine Springs Drive Fayetteville, NC 28306 Cumberland County Contact Mr. Lonnie Green (President)

General Requirements: N/A Notes: Established in April 1976. Hours of operation: 8:OO AM - 5:OO PM Monday thru Friday, 8:OO AM - 1 :00 PM Saturday. State wholesale license. Comberland County Privilege Permit. View Complete Companv Profile

(910) 425-7121 FAX:

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Last Updated: January 12,1999

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