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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON-BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

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Page 1: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

THE STUDY OF CARBON-BASED MOLECULES, and

molecules made by living things

Page 2: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

Proteins

Basics

•Structural molecule of life

– The reason DNA exists (code for making protein)

Page 3: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

Proteins

Basics

•Structural molecule of life

– The reason DNA exists (code for making protein)

Page 4: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

Proteins

Basics

•Structural molecule of life

– The reason DNA exists (code for making protein)

•Increase reaction speed (enzymes)

• McGraw Hill – ANIMATION

Page 5: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

Shape determines function

• Shape determines their function– What would impact

shape of protein molecules?

Page 6: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

The building blocks of proteins:

Amino acids

Page 7: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things
Page 8: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

WHY IS C SO SPECIAL?

• 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS!!!!

Page 9: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

WHY IS C SO SPECIAL?

• 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS!!!!

Page 10: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

4 valence electrons is important because…

–Bonds with many other elements, including other carbons• Result: huge, complex molecules)

Page 11: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

4 groups of organic compounds

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

• Proteins

Page 12: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

4 organic compoundsOrganic

compoundMonomer

nameLabeledDiagram

Polymer name

Example (if relevant)

Function

Carbo-hydrates

Lipids x x

Nucleic acids x

Proteins

Page 13: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

How do molecules become big and

complex?

Page 14: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

POLYMERIZATION

• When you link up monomers (individual molecular unit), you get polymers– The process is called

polymerization– Giant molecules are

also called macromolecules

Page 15: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

Polymers Monomers

• Carbohydrates– a.k.a.polysaccharides

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids– Ex. DNA, RNA

• Proteins– a.k.a.polypeptide chains

• Monosacharrides

• N/A

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

Page 16: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

POLYMERIZATION terms:

• Dehydration synthesis: when monomers join together to synthesize polymers, and get dehydrated in the process

• Hydrolysis: when a polymer is broken into its monomers, and gets hydrated with water molecules in the process

Page 17: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things
Page 18: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

Polymerization Animation links

• McGraw Hill – with enzymes

• Bonding Animation


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