p5_bicciato

ass. dott. Francesco Bicciatoprof. ing. Maurizio Fauri

Planning of the energy saving and efficiency interventions and of the use of renewable energy resources for the municipal administration of Padua

Assessorato all’AmbienteComune di Padova

http://accademia.dei.unipd.it/logo%20comune.JPG

Assessoratoall’Ambiente

Comunedi Padova


General analysis of the dimensions and inefficiencies of the electrical and thermal consumption of the municipal administration of Padua

Proposals regarding efficiency interventions, energy saving and renewables

Evaluation of the economic expenses and of the environmental advantages

Articulation of the study into 5 main intervention sectors: public lighting traffic lights buildings transport renewable energy resources

IntroductionIntroduction Supply ContractsSupply Contracts Public lightingPublic lighting

Traffic lights Traffic lights BuildingsBuildings Transport Transport RenewablesRenewables



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Methodological approach of the problemA. Analysis of the actual state

B. Elaboration of efficiency and consumption indicators

C. Preliminary definition of the interventions

D. Estimate of the cost and return time of the investments

E. Evaluation of the economic expenses and of environmental advantages





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Energy and money saving is based on the improvement of 3 distinct elements

Supply contract

Quality of the plants (and of the structures)

Management system(and maintainance)

Qualityof the plants(environmental advantages)

Management system (environmental advantages)Supply contract

Hig

hP

oor

ExcellentAbsent

Very bad

Good





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Tipologia utenza Ut. elettriche Ut. termiche

Schools

Asili nido 15 15Scuole materne 16 22Scuole elementari 47 54Scuole medie 23 33

Cultural activities Teatro Verdi, mostre, manifestazioni 13 1

Museums and librariesMusei 10 7Biblioteche 5 4

Social services Uffici, centri sociali, centri polifunzionali 42 23Decentration Uffici, centri civici, centri di quartiere 21 17

Sport facilitiesStadi, palazzetti, palestre 9 8Campi sportivi 15 10Uffici, altri impianti sportivi 25 5

Infrastructures e sport plants Illuminazione, pompe, impianti di sollevamento 20 -Demographical services Uffici, cimiteri 22 3Institutions, judicial services,municipal and residential buildings,Monuments and other sectors

Uffici 35 30

Police Uffici, autorimesse, telecamere 14 5Mobility and traffic Illuminazione, insegne luminose, semafori 175 -Open spaces, parks and gardens Illuminazione, giardini, irrigazione 18 -

Various sectors Magazzini, laboratori, banchi mercato, servizi ambulanti e altre utenze 50 33Total consumer bodies 575 270

Electrical and thermal consumption (excluding public lighting)





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Dimensions and costs of the electricityconsumption for the various sectors (excluding public lighting)

Total energy cons. (kWh) Energy % Total

expenses (€) Expenses %

Schools 2.950.215 19% 439.309,65 21%

Technical and administration services 2.627.785 17% 357.986,60 17%

Judicial services 1.963.965 13% 266.919,65 13%

Cultural services 2.428.070 16% 316.882,45 15%

Social and neighbourhood services 551.422 4% 88.584,65 4%

Municipal Police 104.408 1% 14.164,10 1%

Mobility and traffic 1.445.667 9% 139.927,59 7%

Sports facilities 2.085.021 14% 298.914,72 14%

Open spaces, parks and gardens 86.721 1% 20.077,28 1%

Cemetery services 323.083 2% 48.010,70 2%

Other 796.825 5% 116.938,90 6%

15.363.182 100% 2.107.716,29 100%





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Electricity consumption distribution

Electrical energy cost distribution





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Distribution of the electricity consumption for schools

Distribution of the electricity consumption for cultural services





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Supply contractsQuality of the plants(Environmental advantages)

SystemManagement(Environmental advantages)

Supply contracts

Very bad

Good

Introduction Introduction Supply ContractsSupply Contracts Public lightingPublic lighting




Comunedi Padova


Average purchase prices of electrical energy on the fixed market per consumption category

Quality of the plants

systemManagement

Supply contract Very bad

Good





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Average purchase prices of electrical energy on the free market

systemManagement


Good






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Improvement of the energy supply contract for 21 consumption categories (6 new ones)

1 Museo Eremitani p.zza eremitani sn MT2 Nuovo tribunale via Tommaseo 55 MT3 Aula giudiziaria via due palazzi BT4 Stadio Euganeo via Prospero Alpino MT5 Uffici vari via F. P. Sarpi 2 MT6 Uffici vari via VIII febbraio BT7 Uffici vari via Gozzi sn BT8 Ex caserma VV.F. p.to della Valle 97 BT9 Palasport S. Lazzaro via S. Marco sn MT

10 Uffici Amministrativi via Cassan 9 BT11 Palazzetto sport p.le azzurri D'italia 11 BT12 Sc. media Briosco succ. via Pierobon 19B BT13 Ex dormitori pubblici via Aleardi 30 BT14 Foro Boario c.so Australia sn MT15 Teatro verdi via dei livello 2 BT

16 Sottopasso sottopasso della Stua BT17 Sala Rossini galleria Pedrocchi BT18 Ufficio anagrafe p.zza Capitaniato BT19 Impianto sportivo via Pelosa BT20 Scuola media via Lippi BT21 Cimitero via del Cimitero BT

systemManagement


Good






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6. IMPOSTE (dipendono dalle disposizioni fiscaliin essere e dal regime fiscale del punto di prelievo)

Negotiable part of the final price

0102030405060708090100

1. ENERGY

4. TRASPORTO5. MAGGIORAZIONI

2. PERDITE 3. DISPACCIAMENTO





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Annual consumption of electrical energy of about 8.500.000 kWh (8,5 GWh)

Annual contract, renewable for 3 years, with the possibility to add new users at the same contract conditions

Discount of 6,6% with respect to the fixed market for both LV and MV users (on the negotiable part of the energy price)

Saving over 40.000 €/anno

systemManagement


Good






Comunedi Padova


Public lighting Qualityof the plants

Management System

Supplycontract

Hig

hPo

or

ExcellentAbsent

Introduction Supply ContractsIntroduction Supply Contracts Public lightingPublic lighting Traffic lights Traffic lights BuildingsBuildings Transport Transport RenewablesRenewables



Comunedi Padova



systemManagement

Supplycontract

Total number of operating lamps 28.740

Number of derivation lamps 22.206

Number of serial lamps 6.534

Number of yearly replaced lamps 10.000

Annual consumption of electrical energy 18.000.000 kWh

Unit price of electrical energy 0,0958 €/kWh

Annual cost of electrical energy 1.725.000 €

Annual system maintainance cost 1.725.000 €

Annual cost of electrical energyper operating lamp ~ 60 €/lamp.

Annual maintainance cost per operating lamp ~ 60 €/lamp.

Average annual lighting hours (11 h/day) 4.100 h/anno

Total electrical power requested by the system 4.391 kW

Average unit power of the operating lamps 153 W

Hig

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Actual state of the plants




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Lamp Typology Nr. of lamps %

Incandescenza 4.886 17,0

Fluorescenza 1.609 5,6

Ioduri metallici 144 0,5

Vapori di mercurio 10.921 38,0

Sodio alta pressione (ellissoidale) 2.931 10,2

Sodio alta pressione (tubolare) 7.415 25,8

Sodio bassa pressione 29 0,1

Sodio altissima pressione 805 2,8

Total lamps 28.740 100Qualitàdegliimpianti

systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

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Light sources




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First phase sostituzione dei 9.800 apparecchi illuminanti obsoleti

(“gonnella”) e delle relative lampade a bassa efficienza sostituzione delle restanti 6.007 lampade a bassa

efficienza delle lampade ad alta efficienza mantenimento degli impianti in serie con sostituzione dei

trasformatori a bobina mobile con regolatori statici elettronici

installazione di regolatori di flusso negli impianti in derivazione, ove possibile

progressiva messa a norma dei quadri elettrici di alimentazione e mantenimento temporaneo di tutte le altre parti impiantistiche esistenti (sostegni, alimentazioni, quadri, ecc..)

Qualityof the plants

systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

hP

oor

Intervention strategy in two separate and consecutive phases




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systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

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Second phase riprogettazione e razionalizzazione delle restanti parti di

impianto con le risorse economiche liberate dagli interventi della prima fase

ulteriore messa a norma dei quadri elettrici identificazione e destinazione di parti di impianto per la

sperimentazione di nuove tecnologie di lampade, di apparecchiature per la variazione del flusso luminoso e di sistemi di telecontrollo

raggruppamento delle utenze specie in prossimità dei quadri alimentati in media tensione

informatizzazione dei dati di impianto ai fini dell’ottimizzazione della gestione della manutenzione

identificazione cartografica dei punti luce

ExcellentAbsent




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Number and technical data of the installed lamps Power Luminous flux

Before the intervention

4.886 lampade ad incandescenza(potenza media di 250 W ed eff. luminosa pari a 15 lm/W) 1.220 kW 18,3 Mlm

10.921 lampade ai vapori di mercurio(potenza media di 120 W ed eff. luminosa pari a 45 lm/W) 1.310 kW 58,9 Mlm

Total emitted power and luminous flux 2.530 kW 77,2 Mlm

After the intervention

10.538 lampade al sodio ad alta pressione(potenza media di 75 W ed eff. luminosa pari a 85 lm/W) 790 kW 67,2 Mlm

5.269 lampade al sodio a bassa pressione(potenza media di 60 W ed eff. luminosa pari a 145 lm/W) 316 kW 45,8 Mlm

Total emitted power and luminous flux 1.106 kW 113,0 Mlm


systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

hP

oorReduction of used power 1.424 kW = 2.530 kW – 1.106 kW

Increase of the luminous flux 35,8 Mlm = 113,0 Mlm – 77,2 Mlm

Annual electricity saving 5.838.000 kWh = 1.424 kW x 4.100 h

Annual energy cost saving 560.000 € = 5.838.000 kWh x 0,0958 €/kWh

Annually spared CO2 emissions 3.853 t = 0,66 t/MWh x 5.838 MWh




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systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

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Cost/benefit estimate

Investment costs

Sostituzione di 12.300 armature comprensive di lampada 3.690.000 € = 12.300 x 300 €/arm.

Sostituzione dei trasf. serie con 30 regolatori statici 510.000 € = 30 x 17.000 €/conv.

Installazione dei regolatori di flusso 127.500 € = 850 kW x 150 €/kW

Total costs 4.327.500 €Annual economic and environment benefits

Minor consumo per lampade a maggior efficienza 560.000 € 5.838 MWh 3.853 t CO2

Sostituzione trasf. con regolatori statici 22.500 € 235 MWh 155 t CO2

Installazione 100 regolatori di flusso 45.000 € 470 MWh 310 t CO2

Riduzione dei costi di manutenzione (-12%) 200.000 € ----- -----

Titoli di efficienza energetica (472 TEP) 47.200 € ----- -----

Total benefits 874.700 € 6.543 MWh 4.318 t CO2

Return time of the investment 5 years




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Traffic lightsQuality of the plants

systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

hPo

or

Introduction Supply ContractsIntroduction Supply Contracts Public lightingPublic lighting

Traffic lightsTraffic lights BuildingsBuildings Transport Transport RenewablesRenewables



Comunedi Padova


Qualitàdegliimpianti

systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

hP

oor

Mobility and traffic sector

Electrical consumption distribution





Comunedi Padova



systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

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oor

Number of lamps diam. 300 mm (100 W) 1.389

Number of lamps diam. 200 mm (70 W) 600

Total lamps 1.989

Totale power 60,30 kW

Total annual consumption 440.190 kWh

Total annual consumption (7:00-23:00) 352.152 kWh

Total annual consumption (23:00-7:00) 88.038 kWh

Average electricity price 0,112 €/kWh

Total annual electricity expense 49.301 €

Total annual lamp maintainance expenses 140 €

Total annual maintainance expenses 278.460 €

Total annual expense 327.761 €

Actual state of the traffic light system





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Incandesc. LEDNumber of lamps diam. 300 mm (100 W) 1.389 1.389Power of each lamp 100 15 WTotal power 46 7 kWTotal annual consumption 338.000 50.700 kWhTotal annual consumption (7:00-23:00) 270.000 40.560 kWhTotal annual consumption (23:00-7:00) 68.000 10,14 kWhAverage electricity price 0,112 0,112 €/kWhTotal annual electricity expense 37.855 5.678 €Total annual lamp maintainance expenses 140 70 €Total annual maintainance expenses 194.460 97.230 €

Total annual expense 232.315 102.908 €

Replacement with LED lamps of only the lamps with diameter 300 mm (100 W)





Comunedi Padova



systemManagement

Supplycontract

Hig

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Cost/benefit estimate

Investment costs

Replacement of 463 traffic lights diam. 300 mm, including supply and installation 463.000 € = 463 x 1.000 €/lamp

Total costs 463.000 €

Annual economic and environment benefits

Reduced electricity consumption 32.177 € 287 MWh 190 t CO2

Reduced maintainance costs 97.230 € ----- -----

Energy efficiency certificates (65 TEP) 6.500 € ----- -----

Total benefits 135.907 € 287 MWh 190 t CO2

Return time of the investment 3,5 years





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BuildingsQuality of the plants

System management

Supply contract

Hig

hP

oor

ExcellentAbsent

Very bad

Good





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Subdivision and distinct analysis of electrical and thermal energy (prevailing part)

Estimate of the efficiency degree by confronting specific consumption with reference values according to the sector with a homogeneous user destination

Intervention possibility plant and structures quality consumption management supply contracts


Management system

Supply contract





Comunedi Padova


Electricity consumptionElectricity consumption


Supply contract

Average statistical reference values

Management system





Comunedi Padova


Electricity ConsumptionElectricity Consumption


Supply contract

Nr. users

Electricity consumption

(kWh/year)

Average specific electricity

consumption (kWh/m2/year)

Energy expenses (€/year)

Energy saving

(kWh/year)

Economic saving (€/year)

% saving

Asili nido 6 128.087 31,3 21.519 7.765 1.305 6,1%

Scuole materne 15 327.326 27,7 54.991 46.002 7.728 14,1%

Scuole elementari 39 976.004 15,4 163.969 128.616 21.607 13,2%

Scuole medie 18 779.508 14,8 130.957 104.888 17.621 13,5%

Total 78 2.210.925 22,3(Average value) 371.435 287.271 48.262 13,0%

School services

Management system





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Consumi elettriciConsumi elettrici Asili nido





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Consumi elettriciConsumi elettrici Scuole materne





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Consumi elettriciConsumi elettrici Scuole elementari





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Consumi elettriciConsumi elettrici Scuole medie





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Electricity consumptionElectricity consumption


Supply contract

Nr. users

Electricity consumption (kWh/year)

Average specific electricity

consumption (kWh/m2/year)

Energy expenses (€/year)

Energy saving

(kWh/year)

Economic saving (€/year)

% saving

Palestre 7 201.016 16,8 33.771 46.711 7.847 23,2%

Campi sportivi 4 33.399 39,2 5.611 5.041 847 15,1%

Total 11 234.415 28,0(Average value) 39.382 51.752 8.694 22,1%

Sport facilities

Management system





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Consumi elettriciConsumi elettrici Palestre





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Consumi elettriciConsumi elettrici Campi sportivi





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Consumi termiciConsumi termici

Asili nido





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Scuole materne





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Scuole elementari






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Scuole medie






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Consumi termiciConsumi termici Campi sportivi





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Consumi termiciConsumi termici Palestre





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Thermal consumptionThermal consumption

FUEL BOILERS METHANE BOILERS

Emissioni specifiche

Emissioni totali annue

Emissioni specifiche

Emissioni totali annue

Emissioni annue evitate

Polveri 3,6 mg/kWh 173 kg 0,5 mg/kWh 19 kg 154 kg

CO2 270 g/kWh 12.940 ton 200 g/kWh 7.670 ton 5.270 ton

Transformation of the fuel boilers in methane boilers

Environment benefits


systemManagementSupply

contract





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Thermal consumptionThermal consumptionFUEL BOILERS METHANE BOILERS SAVINGS

Nr. boilers 65 65

Total power15.672.060 kcal/h 9.202.272 kcal/h 6.469.788 kcal/h

18.211 kW 10.693 kW 7.518 kW

Average boiler power241.109 kcal/h 141.573 kcal/h 99.535 kcal/h

280 kW 165 kW 116 kW

Average power heated mc 56 W/mc 30 W/mc 26 W/mc

Total cost (2003/2004) 1.809.120 € 1.397.888 € 411.233 €

Transformation of the fuel boilers in methane boilers

Environment benefits


systemManagement



Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


TransportQualityof the plants

SystemManagement

Hig

hPo

or


Traffic lights Traffic lights BuildingsBuildings TransportTransport RenewablesRenewables

Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


Incidence percentage of transport on polluting emissions


Management system

Hig

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ExcellentAbsent



Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


Distribution of the motor vehicles according to typology

Motor vehicle typology

Nr. vehicles % vehicles

Autovetture 212 51,2Autocarri leggeri 67 16,2Motocicli 46 11,1Macchine operatrici 29 7,0Ciclomotori 13 3,1Motocarri 12 2,9Veicoli speciali 11 2,7Autocarri pesanti 9 2,2Rimorchi 9 2,2Quadricicli 6 1,4Total motor vehicles 414 100,0


Management systemH

igh

Poo

r

ExcellentAbsent



Supply contract



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Distribution of the motor vehicles according to sector


Management systemH

igh

Poo

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ExcellentAbsent

Sector Nr. vehicles

% vehicles

Polizia municipale 123 29,7Manutenzioni 75 18,1Servizi demografici 39 9,4Verde, parchi, giardini e arr. urb. 29 7,0

Organi istituz. e affari generali 18 4,3Protezione civile 16 3,9Provveditorato 13 3,1Servizi sociali 12 2,9Altro 89 21,5

Total motor vehicles 414 100,0



Supply contract



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Distribution of motor vehicles according to alimentation type


Management systemH

igh

Poo

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ExcellentAbsent

Fuel tipology Nr. vehicles

% vehicles

Benzina 250 60,4GPL 61 14,7Gasolio 49 11,8Miscela 13 3,1Motore elettrico 1 0,2Benzina e metano 1 0,2Non precisato (macch. operatrici) 30 7,2

Nessun carburante (rimorchi) 9 2,2

Total motor vehicles 414 100,0



Supply contract



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Distribution of the motor vehicles according to registration year


Management systemH

igh

Poo

r

ExcellentAbsent

Registration period Nr. vehicles % mezzi

1980-1984 13 3,1

1985-1989 28 6,8

1990-1994 55 13,3

1995-1999 136 32,9

2000-2005 176 42,5

Non precisato 6 1,4



Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


Distribution of total expenses in the year 2004


Management systemH

igh

Poo

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ExcellentAbsent

Voci di spesa Spesa (€) % spesa

Fuel 229.713 40,8

Maintainance 215.728 38,3

Insurance 71.658 12,7

Taxes 34.983 6,2

Car wash 11.091 2,0

Spesa totale 563.173 100,0



Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


Distribution of fuel expenses in the year 2004


Management systemH

igh

Poo

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ExcellentAbsent

Fuel typology Expense (€) % spesa

Benzina 154.109 67,1

Gasolio 40.433 17,6

GPL 32.890 14,3

Miscela 2.281 1,0

Total expense 229.713 100,0



Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


Statistical use of cars and lorries


Management system

Hig

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ExcellentAbsent

Motor vehicle type Nr. vehicles

Average fuel cost (€/km)

Average annual distance

covered (km)Autovetture a benzina 160 0,104 7.620

Autovetture a gasolio 12 0,083 11.290

Autovetture a gpl 40 0,084 5.120

Total cars 212 0,100 7.230

Autocarri a benzina 26 0,117 5.650

Autocarri a gasolio 19 0,137 7.630

Autocarri a gpl 21 0,095 7.780

Total lorries 66 0,111 7.020



Supply contract



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Average values of the main polluting emissions


Management system

Hig

hP

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ExcellentAbsent

CO (g/km) CO2 (g/km) PM10 (mg/km) Ozono (mg/km)Benzina 2,40 190 2 160Gasolio 0,45 170 60 80GPL 0,75 175 0 90Metano 0,60 140 0 35Elettrico 0,08 70 2 -

96120 120

220

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Benzina Gasolio GPL Metano

km p

erco

rsi

Average distance per 10 € of fuel



Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


Comparison between petrol and methane combustion costs (estimated cost for methane plant installation 2000 €)


Management system

Hig

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ExcellentAbsent

CARS 10.000 km 15.000 km 20.000 km 25.000 km

Costo a benzina (0,104 €/km) 1.040 € 1.560 € 2.080 € 2.600 €

Costo a metano (0,045 €/km) 450 € 675 € 900 € 1.125 €

Risparmio economico 590 € 885 € 1.180 € 1.475 €

Return time 3,3 years 2,2 years 1,7 years 1,3 years

LORRIES 10.000 km 15.000 km 20.000 km 25.000 km

Costo a benzina (0,117 €/km) 1.170 € 1.755 € 2.340 € 2.925 €

Costo a metano (0,050 €/km) 500 € 750 € 1.000 € 1.250 €

Risparmio economico 670 € 1.005 € 1.340 € 1.675 €

Return time 3 years 2 years 1,5 years 1,2 years



Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


The replacement/transformation of 20 motor vehicles running on petrol with bifuel vehicles (40% of the municipal vehicles with an average annual of15.000 km)brings on a saving of 18.000-20.000 €/yearon the fuel expenses with an investment of 40.000 € and a return time of about 2 years


Management system

Hig

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ExcellentAbsent

CO (kg) CO2 (t) PM10 (g) Ozon (kg)

Motor cars on petrol 720 56 600 48

Motor cars on methane 180 42 0 10

Annually spared emissions 540 14 600 38

Variation -75% -26% -100% -80%



Supply contract



Comunedi Padova


RenewablesQuality of the plants

Management system

Supply contractH

igh

Poo

r

ExcellentAbsent

Very bad

Good


Traffic lights Buildings Transport Traffic lights Buildings Transport RenewablesRenewables



Comunedi Padova


Introduction, where possible, of solar panel to produce hot water

Opening of an energy efficiency and renewables counter

Electrical energy production from photovoltaic panels covering municipal parkings


Traffic lights Buildings Transport Traffic lights Buildings Transport RenewablesRenewables



Comunedi Padova


ConclusioniConclusioni

Further activities and initiatives Water cycle analyses Revision of the management and maintainance contract of

public lighting Revision of the heat management contract Behaviour rules (ethical)

Per informazioni Ufficio Agenda21 049-802.24.88 [email protected]


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