Path to WWII

THE END OF WWI

Nationalism

• The rise of nationalism was due to the problems left by WWI and the failures of the treaty agreement–Most countries were deep in poverty • Germany had to pay off the huge war

debts while being in poverty

Versailles Peace Conference

Nationalism

–Anger against the Treaty of Versailles not being fair• Germany-– being blamed for starting WWI–Lost colonies and border territories

• Soviet Union–Parts of Russia were carved up and

taken away

Soviet Union

– Joseph Stalin took control 1924 •Made a communist state–All privately owned farms and most

businesses were owned by the government

•Wanted the Soviet Union to be a modern industrial state–Had a series of “5 year plans” to manage

industry

Soviet Union• Death–Stalin killed anyone in his way»8 to 13 million

Nationalism

• Totalitarian State- government has complete control over citizens

• People have no rights and all opposition is suppressed

Italy

–Benito Mussolini took control•Got control by playing on fears of

communism and economic collapse• Established Fascist Party–Fascism- stresses nationalism and

puts the state over the individual• Power must rest with a single strong

leader and a small group of members

Mussolini

Italy

•Marched on Rome- October 1922 –“Black Shirts”- Mussolini followers

• King gave control of government to Mussolini

Germany

–Adolf Hitler takes control 1933• In 1919 Hitler joined the National

Socialist German Workers’ Party•He became the leader of the Party

due to his amazing public speaking skills

Germany

•Called Der Fuhrer “The Leader”•Wrote a book Mein Kampf “My

Struggle”–Talked about the basic beliefs of

Nazism–Became the plan of action for the

Nazi Party

Germany• Three Elements of beliefs–Extreme nationalism- to unite all

German speaking people into 1 country–Racial “purification”- Aryans were a

master race destined to rule the world–National Expansion- To thrive

Germany needed more space

Germany

Why Hitler?•People were desperate and turned to Hitler–Economy and starving–..\..\Videos\Hitler's Fi

rst Speech in Power w. Goebbels Intro 1933 10min.flv

Japan

–Militarists took control of imperial Japan–Wanted more space for Japan•Took control of Manchuria from China in 1931

Japan

• League of Nations went to Manchuria to investigate and Japan just left the League–They had no power and could do

nothing

Failure of the League of Nations–Europe’s leaders saw that the League of

Nations had no power•Hitler pulled out of the League and

began to build up a military in violation of the Treaty of Versailles –He sent troops into the Rhineland–Mussolini took over Ethiopia»Haile Selassie- “It is us today, it will

be you tomorrow.”

Spain–Civil War broke out–Francisco Franco took control •Germany and Italy aided him

General Francisco Franco

Rome-Berlin Axis

• Rome-Berlin Axis- formal alliance between Germany and Italy

Hitler and Mussolini

• Rome-Berlin Axis--military alliance

United States’ Reaction

–US maintained its policy of isolationism–Neutrality Acts• To keep the US out of future wars•Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations

at war and those in a civil war

United States’ Reaction–FDR found a way around the acts and

gave guns to China to fight Japan–FDR spoke out against isolationism in a

speech • Said peace-loving nations must stop

aggressive nations• There was a major backlash and he

backed down

War in Europe!!• Austria and Czechoslovakia Fall–Hitler wanted to expand Germany–Austria was a small nation that was

predominantly German• It favored unification with Germany•Germany marched into Austria on March

12, 1938 unopposed–The union with Austria was completed

Czechoslovakia

Germany said that the Czechs were abusing the Germans in the Sudetenland–He amassed troops on the border–Propaganda to the German people told

lies of abuses to the Germans in the Sudetenland

Munich Agreement

–France and Britain promised to protect Czechoslovakia–Hitler met with France and Britain–He said it would be his “last territorial

demand”–To avoid war they signed over the

Sudetenland to Germany–Churchill of Britain said this was wrong and

an act of appeasement

Moscow – Berlin Pact

• Hitler negotiated a non-aggression pact with Russia, Thus assuring a peaceful western border, Germany was ready to plunge the world into World War II.

Moscow – Berlin Pact

• In order to get the Soviet Union to sign he promised them Northern Poland.

• Immediately after the Moscow-Berlin Pact was signed, Hitler’s troops invaded Poland.

1930s

A. Culture of the 1930s1. Movies and radio take the country by storm

a) Movies 1. were a hit during the Great Depression2. Allowed for an escape from reality3. Gone with the Wind one of most famous4. Actors became stars

i. Clark Gableii. Marx Brothersiii. Marlene Dietrich

Clark Gable

Marx Brothers

Marlene Dietrich

Culture of the 1930s2. Radio

a) Families spent large portions of their days listening to radio programs

b) Orson Welles- War of the Worldsc) “Fireside Chats” with FDR

War of the Worlds

• On Sunday, October 30, 1938, millions of radio listeners were shocked when radio news alerts announced the arrival of Martians. They panicked when they learned of the Martians' ferocious and seemingly unstoppable attack on Earth. Many ran out of their homes screaming while others packed up their cars and fled.

..\Videos\War Of The Worlds Radio Broadcast Part 1.mp4

Culture of the 1930s3. Art

a) Was sober and seriesb) Was supported through New Deal Programs

i. Federal Art Project- to promote positive images of U.S. society

c) Artistsi. Grant Wood- American Gothic ii. Diego Rivera- muralist

d) Federal Theater Projecti. Hired actors to play around the country

Grant Wood’s American Gothic

El Vendedor De Alcatraces

Culture of the 1930s4. Music

a. Woody Guthriei. Sang about hardships of America

5. Federal Writers Projecta. Gave support to writersb. The Grapes of Wrath

i. John Steinbeck- about the Dust Bowl

B. Regulation in the 1930s

1. Glass-Stegall Act- established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and required banks to be careful with customers money

2. Federal Securities Act- required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings and made them liable for any misrepresentations

B. Regulation in the 1930s

3. Roosevelt got Congress to allow the manufacture and sale of some alcoholic beverages to raise revenue for the federal government

Regulation in the 1930s4. 21st amendment repealed prohibition5. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)- wanted to raise

crop prices by lowering productiona. Paid farmers to leave a certain amount of every

acre of land unseededb. Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA)- it renovate

five existing dams and constructed 20 new onesi. Created jobs, provided flood control, power

B. Regulation in the 1930s

6.Civilian Conservation Corps CCC- put men 18 to 25 to worka. Reforestation program to prevent another dust bowl

B. Regulation in the 1930s

7. National Industrial Recovery Acta. Public Works Administration- money to states to create

jobs in the construction of schools and community buildings

b. Civil Works Administration- to help unemployment furtheri. Provided 4 million immediate jobsii. Promoted fair practices among industries

Regulation in the 1930s

c. Home Owners Loan Corporation- government loans to homeowners who faced foreclosure

d. National Housing Act- created the FHA- home loans

e. Federal Emergency Relief Administration- provide direct relief for the needy

• Half was given to help furnish food the rest to support work relief programs

C. New Deal Under Attack

1. All of these programs required federal spending

2. Deficit spending- spending more money than the government receives in revenue

3. FDR regarded spending as a necessary evil to get the U.S. back on track

4. The NIRA was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

C. New Deal Under Attack

7. FDR was going to try and add 6 judges to the Supreme Court to swing favor his way

8. An elderly justice died and FDR appointed a liberal- Hugo S. Black who shifted the court in favor of the New Deal

9. American Liberty League- were opponents of the New Deal

D. Second New Deal

1. After the first hundred days FDR wanted to keep trying to help the economy regain its previous success

2. During this phase FDR called on Congress to provide more extensive relief for farmers and workers

D. Second New Deal3. Eleanor Roosevelt- wife of FDR she traveled the

country helping the people and working on humanitarian causes

4. By the mid 1930s 2 out of 5 farms were mortgaged

5. AAA was struck down by Congress

Second New Deal

6. Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act- paid farmers for cutting production of soil depleting crops and rewarded farmers for good conservation methods

Second New Deal7. Works Progress Administration (WPA)- goal was to

create as many jobs as quick as possiblea. It spent 11 billion and gave jobs to more than 8 million

workersb. Built airports, roads, and public buildings

8. They wrote guides, collected historical narratives, and painted

Second New Deal9. National Youth Administration (NYA)- created to

provide education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people

10. Wagner Act- helped to protect the rights of workers

Second New Deal11. Social Security Act- created in 1935

a. Old-age insurance for retirees 65 and older and their spouses

b. Unemployment compensation- c. Aid to families with Dependent children

and the disabled

Second New Deal12. Expanding and regulating utilities

a. To promote rural electrification and regulate public utilities

b. 12% of farms in 1935 had electricity 45% in 1945, 90% in 1949