photographs that came under the ban during wwi and why

8/14/2019 Photographs that came under the ban during WWI and why

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(Exlrael (rom Special Refulatlon. No. ]02.)

WAR » E P A I 1 T ~ r E X T , WAR l f nwToN , SPI,iflll/ll'!' 10, 1.'J18.

PART II .

REGmJ\TIONS GOVERNING CORRESPONDENTS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS WITH TROOPS IN TilE lJNIHD STATES

AND PRESCRIBING THE CONDITIONS UNDER WmCH PHOTOGRAPHS CONNECTEIJ WITH THE

MILITARY SER.VICE OR WITH TIlE PRODUCTION OF WAR MATERIAL MAY BE TAREN.

1. UndE"r thl' restrictions of this onl('r. and uu<.h·r Buch additionalrt-.gulations an d 8 u p t . ~ r \ i s i o n as commnn ling o(ficertl may deem

nppropriate nnd adn""ble. the froodom of military campo, includingtho p r i d h ~ g e of establishing OmC('8 Ilnd prh'atc wires therein, maybe gi \'C'u to llC'wspap(\T ('Orn.'Spond('n t.s an d photographers, providedth e Government is ther('by pu t to no expense,

2. CorrNlpon<!entB an d photographers will not ordinarily bepC'rmittC'd to Ih'l' in camp. but. t1wy may be givl'n this privilege atth e discTC'tion of caml) ('Olllmand('rs UIllIf'T colHHtiol1s which makeit uC'('t'SSary or dC'Sim )1f', l ' o r r e s p o n d e l l ~ and photographC'T8 willnot be rC'quircd to prodde t h { ' m S C ' l n ~ B with uniforms. bu t will bert:'quirC'1.1 t-o w<"ar 00 th<> It·it arm a whitt' brassard. 2! inches in width,bearing the letter ,. L'" in red, as specified in paragraph 428, Field2ef\;,('e Regulations, U. 8 . .\rmy. 19l4.

3. ('orrNlpondcntB \dll be expected to excrcisegrent care that theytransmit for publication no matl('r which might be injurious to thepublic int . n ~ t . In this conue{,tion th('v will be expected to coniorm to th e YlOWS an d wi.shes of tho mililary authoritica and thel'ommittrc on Public Jnformation. Commanding offircrs who grantpross and photogrnlhic prh;lcges \';11, so far SB practicahle. inform

' ~ r ; . 8 i l i ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ n d n e J r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ' : o ~ c ~ i ~ ~ ; ~ i : , ' - i ~ o a : e ' r : ~ ) k i d e n to

nct as paid corr pondentB or phot"!1raphc·rs. The conditionsund"r whirh OlliCPTS an d IDrn on duty 1n tho UnitNI States ma ypr>rmit fiction, ,"('rse, E'f':..53.ys. letters, dC'8criptin' or technical articles,

pamphlctB, b",.'-,. or illustrations to be published are prescribed in""etion Y. General Orders. No.1. War Dcpartment.1918.llSamendedhy section V, General Orders. No.9. War Department, 1918.

5. No correspondent or photographer \dll be permitted to take[L camf'ra o'"eJ'SeaB. or to accomp.:my troops leaYing th e United~ t a l ( > B fOf duty O\"{"rseaB. without special authority from tho Director,~ I i l j u r y Intelligence Dhision. under the conditiollJl prescribed inPart 1. r a r n g r ~ p h s 1 and 2. of these rl>gulatiollJl.

6. With the e.xception of official photographers, officers, enlistedmCD, and cidlians atlarh"<1. to th e military forces ar e forbidden totake cameras to porls of em barkation or to carry them o\"crscae,ex('('pt by authOrity of the Director, Military Intelligence Division.

7. Ko person. firm, or corpomtion shall hy an y authority begranted an exclush'e pri,;Jege to take. develop. or vend photo-graphs at any place under milita.ry cont.rol. 1\0 person, firm, or

( ~ r p o r : l t i o n shall by an y authority be granted an exclusive prid-leg' for the sale of newspapers or periodicals within the limits ofcamps.

8. Th e object of these regulations is to remove all unne"""""yrf'strirtions and grant th e maximum of practical freedom to citizensin photographing mattcr3 of legitimate public or prh"ato interest in!IO far as is compatible with d i ~ c i p l i n c an d good order. Ordinaryp h o t o ~ r a p h B oi milit:1fy subjects, concerning which no secrecy 18rC'fJuisltc. may be taken fr('('ly about open camps without restriclions oth"r than uch as may be imposed by tho commanding officer,hadDg du e fC'garu to th o a\"oielanrc of unfair discrimination, Th et(·rm II open camps" is unders tood to include all divisional campa,

[000.77, A. G. 0.1

By OR D ER

OF F I C I AL:

P. C. ILilllUS,

Acting The Adjutant General.

Tf>placcJnf'nt camps, an d officC'rs' training 8rhoolg. In thf'6<' p l a " ' ~ th e intelligence ofliet:r sJlall have dlAl'8't'. umlt:r tllf" dirt 'd iun 01 0111'

commanding o m ( ' ~ r , of sU('h dl'taiIa of f(·gi.straliol.1, li'llilatioll. awl.insp<,ction as ma y be (oulld n{'('r>ssary for th e prc'!J!'r ("HUlIO} ti t

cin1inn photographers within the T("8('n'atioll, 'rill' fn't·dlml tophotograph in !)peD camps ma y be r(',"oked or limiff·d at ::lTIr t i l l l ( '

by th e command ng oflicer when c-xigcndr-s a.ri.sC' dl'lllUnding SN'r('( 'y,

9. None bu t official photographers of th e :-:;iglJl1l Corps. 01' vtlu'rrecognizC'd btll"<'ftu of the \V:u D ~ } p a r t m ( l n t or of t ll(\ N a"y, or of t h.1'CommittC'C on Public ]llfOrmatwll, prop('rly identifit'tl hy :11l( rmllsecured from tho n i f l ~ t o r )Hlitarv Intelligence D id ....ion, shall !Jpallowed to make photographs, mo"dng pietur<"8, d r a W " i l 1 b ~ . or pic-torial rCl.'orda of mOVCJDents of troops. (·xperimC'nt.8 in mal(-ri,'1.experimellts in intrenchmf'llts or exp"rinwl1ts in r o r l l J a t i o n ~ , furtiJications, annoriea, arsenals, or fartonC'9 (."OunC"ct(·d wilh till" lIutjonaldefense, ~ x c ( ' p t as hereinafter ! ) r o \ ~ i d ~ ' d . 'fhe t3king of photngrapllsfTom kitt'S, aproplanes, OT bal oons, and th o tc'iking of photogru}JhJiat ports of emba.rkation an d at cwnp'J COllnrct('d with SUdl port:-:.an d of troops aboard tran'lporUi. arr' forbitldf'll. eX('('pt to C'OIl1ll1i:-:

sioned officers with special Iwrmit.s from th e Dirt\(·tor, )IjlilaryTntcllig<'IlCc DiYi:don.

10 . I)rogrcss pkturffi for rf'cord purpos{'s only ma y be m ~ h ' within th prohibited rl"Scn·atif.ns hc·f··inalJoyc n,ft"rrl"d to hyproperly arc.redit<'d ch;l i l ln Of otlt ...r !)hOlographf'J'S h:1\ ing Ill'r-mits from th e Dir(\('tor of! ~ I i l i t : l r y ]nt('1 ig('nl'f'. pro\'idNI. hO\\'(',-,·r.that prints of all pi{'tures be 8 u b m i l l t ~ d in tril'lknlc to 1ho D i r c ~ ' l l ) I ' of :Military Intelligence. Undrr no circumstances may p r o g r , , : : ~ picturf's be used for advertising, exploitation, or comIOt'fda)

exhibi tion.

11. Th e Director, ~ l i l i t a r y Intelligence Dhisiol1. General ~ t a f f , is hcreby authorized to correspond dir('ctly ,dth rommnTltlinl!Offie<>TS and with such oth('r persons a . ma y be n E ' C f f i . . . ~ r y to ('arry

ou t th e prodsions of this ordrT.12 . ']'he foregoing rC'gulntiolUl govern only nem3pap r ('OrrN:pond

eats, p h o t o g r a p h ( ' ~ , and the taking of j>ictur(lS ('OIlIl\"I·t<>d with tilt'militaryscnice in thc United St<\.t{'s. {,(·gulation. g U \ , ( ~ r I I i l l g II(-"WS

paper corrcspondC'nt.a, photographers, antl th e taking of pirtUI'C'!ioverseas are publiJihNlln Part I of th<'8o regulations and ill QrdNIiof tho American Expeuitionary For('(':i.

13 . Applications for pcrmits to take photograph.• under the condit ions prcscribed abo,·c in p a r a g r ~ , p h s ft an d 10 shall bro mnd("dirertly by the chief of the bureau or department roncerned to theDirector, Military Intelligence Di\ision.

14 . Th e grcatf'St caution is enjoinC'd an d th e stri<'tNlt rt':</xln:-ibility imposed upon persons in the military service enlru:-tl'l withexperiments in maleriel or mn\'('m('nts of a confid('ntial 1I11IUrt' tAl

prot(>ct theJU from discovery, invl.'::tt.igat.ion, or exploitation.

15. Th e prodsions of i1wsc 13!,<:,cial r t;'ulations rrplace aUll re,·ok.·th e instructions containNI in t lC' !<.'ttt·r from The Adjutant Gt'neml

of the Anny, dnted ~ o v e m b e r 6, 1!1I7 (ooo.n X. G. C' N. A. Tr .Camps, ~ r i s c . Div.).

OF TH E SECRETARY OF WAR:

PEYTON C. MARCH,General, OhiefofStaff·



WAR DEPARTMENT

PHOTOGRAPHER'S PERMIT

Dale

I'l'rllli":-h n ,.. llt"n'h, !"tl 'lHkd til thl' hl-aft·r or lhiM ('Hill ml,ln h"nrioll , W}1f f; naJ1Jn aw l t · f ( · d ( ~ l I t i l 1 J r : art' atl3chr·d. to takp

l ' h " t l \ L : r ~ l l ' h .. pi 1Ill' il 1 I 1 ' \ \ I I 1 ~ "lIbllll:- \\lIllln yUill" jllri:-..lwlioll:

Flint Hi t OH(; "I/•.\TIO

T h i ~ p'rmit j"l i : - - ~ l I " ' , J on th.· l ' ' \ p n ~ ('olldition that all p h o ( ~ r a p h g shall h'" gul1mittNJ promptly and nEFOHE f ' l : n L H : . \ T I O ~ to 111(' ('ullllnilH'I' Ill) Pllhlit- Inf.mllJlion. 10 J 3 ( ' k ~ ( ' 1 1 Pkl('P. \ \ " a ~ h i n g t o l 1 ! D. (' .. and that only those picttlf<'S \dl l be r ( ' l ( ' a ~ e d that ~ f - ' ( ' t l f ( ' o J F i c ' i ~ t 1 upprl)\'al irom till' War D ( ' p ~ \ I " l n H ' n l IhrolllCli the ( 'ommitt c on Public Jnfonnation.

(;;:rill p h f l t ' l " _ · T ~ l r J . . : ..JI ,11.111 Ii.> "lIhmitH'(1 in triplirnlp: on£' prinl, if appro\'N1, will lw stampc·<I .1 Pa.B8('(1 h ~ the ('ommitt<.'C onP thlir In l ' lmU l i t , l t . \ \ , \ . ~ I J l I I . ! I I I l .• and \\;11 he rf'ulnll'd to t lH' Own{'r: ont' print will be ret3..1Ile<J 3l'l a rl'<'ord by th e ( ' o m m i u ~ on PHhlic' Ini,.rm.lIiltl. ;\1111 f'llt' print "ill bP rNa..in('(1 a r("("ord hy tllC \\ar OepartmrnL Prim8 that are Ilot 3 d m j ~ i h l e ldll

bp"'hlrnlwfl · ~ I l t r . l . ~ ~ ' · " by ( l l l ' ~ ' o m l l l i l t ( ' ' ' ' ( l n Pllhlir Illrormation, \\'a£lhingtoll," and will berNUrJlpd to thc own r. ThepuhliCalion, rq)rndllt'tion, ... ~ 1 I 1 · . tlr otlll'r dj"trilJutioll of surh pictllr('5 is forbidden.

)'1llthn p i l " ~ u r 1 ! 1 m . ~ ..h.Olllti h,. :luhmittcd in dUl?lirate a . n ~ in IXE-iti\·e. O n film will Ix: returned t? the owner with llil"f"('

ions for a l h · r a . u n n ~ , Jf rC'llIlml, ami th e other film WJII be retamed by the Committee on Pubbc Information as a record.

Th e \\'ar DI'p.lTtment r(,,:,,('nC'S the pri\;1 of using such photographs for ofHrial purposes.

T I I i ~ J>f'rmil. mJ.y be rc\·okcd at thp f l i ~ r ( ' t i o n or tIlt"" authorities to which this communication is directed.

JGXED _ ••• __ ••• _••••_._._•.•••••• •__ •• __ •__ •• • •• __ • • •••• _

.JdjulanlOt1ural

Fllr the ("flmmiut'f" fin Public Inrormation, \r8..5'bingtoD, D.

TI", /mn i t " i ~ I I J I ,/nl01 up by t h (l.U.1110ril!J lo ,rhom it iI add""ed and. r!lUrned by him lo the rommil l l l ' OIl Pllblir lllform'ltiml,I' ) ./",-t'Oft I'lnri, Hn.,limfJtQn, D. ('.) . e6b0 6

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COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION

10 JACKSON PLACE WASHINGTON, D. C.

WHAT THE GOVERNMENT ASKS OF THE PRESS.

The desire. of the Government. with respeclto the concealment from the enemy of military policies. plans, and movements.

are set forth in the following .pecific request.. They go to the press of the United States directly from the Secretary of War

and the Secretary of the Navy. and represent the thought and advice of their ,eehnical advisers.

For the protection of our military and naval forces and of merchant .hipping it i. requested that secrecy be observed

in all matters of:

1. In(ormation in regard to the train or boat monment or troops. Such information is at all time. and under all circumstances d ~ n -gerolll and should be scrupulously avoided.

2. Information tending directly or indirectly to disc.!ose the number or identity of troop. in the expeditionary forces abroad. '.

3. Information lending 10 disclose the names of line officers in expeditionary forcel and reJennce to indi't'idual units of these forces.

Onl)· narnes of staff officers are permissible.

4. Information calculated to disdose location of the permanent base or bases abroad.

S. Information that would disclose the location of American units or the eventual or actual position of the Americau forces at the front.

6. Information of the movement of miliw)' forces toward seaports or of the assembling of military forces at seaporJ,s from which

inference might be dra"'"" of any inte ntion to embark them for service abroad ; and information of the use.mbling of transpor ts or convoys;

and information of the embarkation itself.

7. Information of the arrival at any European port of American war vessels, transports, or any portion of an expeditionar)' force,

combatant or noncombatant, until announcement is authorized by the Secretary of War or the Secretar)' of the NaV)·.

8. Information of the time of -Jeparture of merchant ships from American or European ports, or information of the ports from which

they uiled.

9. Information indicating the port of arrival of incoming ships from European ports or a fter t heir arrival indicating, or hinting at, the

port at which the ship arrived.

10. Information as to convoys and as to the sighting of friendly or enemy ships, whether naval or merchant.

11. [nformation of the locality, number, or identity of warships belonging to our own avy or to the mries of any countr)· at war

with German)', Papers published in ports should with especial care refrain from giving infoonation to enem)" agents in regard to ships

stationed or calling at such ports. Because dangerous news is kno,,'n locally, it does not foJlow that it can be sdel)' published. Nonpub

Iicaticn of dangerous news obliges the enemy to rei)· on spies actually in the localities concerned, thus adding difficulties and delay in its

transmission.

12. Informat-ion of the identities of American merchant ships defending themselves against submarines, and the identities of their

captains, their gun crews, and crews. No matter from which side of the ocean comes the news, it is asked that this information be with·

held from publication. Editors will appreciate the importance of cooperation to ,",'ithhold from the enemy such information as might

expose the officers and men of merchant ships to the danger of cruel and outrageous reprisal

13. Information of the coast defenses of the United States. Any information of their very existence, as weD as the number, nilMe,

or positicn of their guns, is dangerous.

14. Information of the la)"ing of mines or mine fields or of any harbor defenses.

IS. Information of the aircraft and appurtenance s used at Government aviation schools for experimental tests under military authorit)·.

16. Information of aU Government experiments in war material

17. Information of secret notices issued to mariners or other confidetlal instructions issued by the Navy or the Department of Com

merce relating to lights, lightships, buo)'s, or other guides to navigation.

18. Information as to the number, site, c.haracter, or location of ships of the Navy or of the merchant marine, ordered laid down at

any port or ship)'ard, or in actual process of construction; or infonnation that they are launcbed or in commission.

19. Information relating to dry docks and to all classes of work, repairs, alterations, or construction performed in connection therewith.

20. Information of the train or boat schedules of trueling official missions in transit through the United States.

21. Information of the transportation of munitions, or of war material.

PHOTOGRAPHS.

Photographs conveying the information specified abon should not be published.

These requests go to the pre" without larger authority than the necessities of the war-making branches. Thei r enforcemc"t

is a matter for the pres. it.elf. To the overwhelming proportion of new'papers, who have given unselfish, patriotic adherenco

to the voluntary agreement. the Government extends it. gratitude and high appreciation.

THE COMMITfEE 01 PUBLIC I FORMA1101 .July 30. /9J7.

By GEORGE CREEL. Chairman.

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photographs that came under the ban during wwi and why

Documents