1. The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction in which a ketone is oxidized to an ester by treatment with peroxy acids or hydrogen peroxide.[1][2] Key features of the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation are its stereospecificity and predictable regiochemistry.[3] It is named after the German chemist Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (1835–1917) and the Swiss chemistVictor Villiger (1868–1934).[4]

2. The Peterson olefination (also called the Peterson reaction) is the chemical reaction of α-silyl carbanions 1 with ketones (or aldehydes) to form a β-hydroxysilane 2 which eliminates to form alkenes 3.[1]

3. he Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation, sometimes referred to as simply the Moffatt oxidation, is a chemical reaction which describes the oxidation of primary and

secondary alcohols bydimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) activated with a carbodiimide, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). The resulting alkoxysulfonium ylide rearranges to generate aldehydes and ketones, respectively.[1][2]

4. The Jones oxidation, is a chemical reaction described as the chromic acid oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carboxylic acids and ketones,

respectively. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Jones reagent - a solution of chromium trioxide in dilute sulfuric acid and acetone - is used as the oxidizing agent. A mixture of potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid can also be used.

5. The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a chemical reaction that fully reduces a ketone (or aldehyde) to an alkane.[1][2]

6. The Birch Reduction is an organic reaction which is particularly useful in synthetic organic chemistry. The reaction was reported in 1944 by the Australian

chemist Arthur Birch (1915–1995) working in the Dyson Perrins Laboratory in the University of Oxford,[1][2][3][4][5][6] building on earlier work by Wooster and Godfrey in 1937.[7] It converts aromatic compounds having abenzenoid ring into a product, 1,4-cyclohexadienes, in which two hydrogen atoms have been attached on opposite ends of the molecule. It is the organic reduction of aromatic rings in liquidammonia with sodium, lithium or potassium and an alcohol, such as ethanol and tert-butanol. This reaction is quite unlike catalytic hydrogenation, which usually reduces the aromatic ring all the way to a cyclohexane.

7. Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones (or aldehydes) to alkanes using zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid.[1][2][3] This reaction is named afterErik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist.[4]

8. The McFadyen-Stevens reaction is a chemical reaction best described as a base-catalyzed thermal decomposition of acylsulfonylhydrazides

to aldehydes.[1][2]

9. The Rosenmund reduction is a chemical reaction that reduces an acid halide to an aldehyde using hydrogen gas over palladium-on-

carbon poisoned with barium sulfate.[1][2][3] The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund.

10. The Bamford–Stevens reaction is a chemical reaction whereby treatment of tosylhydrazones with strong base gives alkenes.[1][2][3] It is named for

the British chemist William Randall Bamford and the Scottish chemist Thomas Stevens Stevens (1900–2000). The usage of aprotic solvents gives predominantly Z-alkenes, while protic solvent gives a mixture of E- and Z-alkenes.

11. The Barton Reaction involves the photolysis of a nitrite to form a δ-nitroso alcohol. It is named for the British chemist Sir Derek Harold Richard

Barton.[1] The mechanism is believed to involve a homolytic RO–NO cleavage, followed by δ-hydrogen abstraction and free radical recombination.[2]

12. The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), is an acid-catalyzed rearrangement of

an oxime to an amide.[1][2][3] Cyclic oximes yield lactams.

13. The Curtius rearrangement (or Curtius reaction or Curtius degradation), as first defined by Theodor Curtius, is a chemical reaction that

involves the rearrangement of an acyl azide to anisocyanate.[1][2] Several reviews have been published.[3][4]