regional workshop on rice and aquaculture for central, southern and east africa lusaka, zambia, 7-11...
TRANSCRIPT
REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON RICE AND AQUACULTURE FOR CENTRAL, SOUTHERN AND
EAST AFRICALusaka, Zambia, 7-11 February 2011
By Patrick Chibbamulilo
Senior Programme Officer,JICA ZAMBIA OFFICE
RICE DEVELOPMENT IN ZAMBIA:
A CASE FOR JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
AGENCY (JICA)
Presentation Outline
1. The Significance of Rice in Zambia
2. The Case for Rice – Why should we intervene to promote rice?
3. Why Poor Performance of Rice? – Overview of Value Chain Constraints
4. Are there Options for Rice Development?– strategy
5. JICA Activities and support to rice
6. Other Players 7. Conclusion
1. The Significance of Rice in Zambia Government Policy turning to favour/ recognize rice:
– Around 2004/5 Zambia included rice as one of the major food crops purchased by FRA (Govt Food Reserve Agency
– For most of the decade of 2000 to date, rice has been part of the GRZ Food Balance Sheet (indicator of food Requirements)
– 2010/11 season rice included in FISP, a GRZ subsidy program In recent years, growth in production and consumption
has accelerated. – In 20 yr period, 1988- 2008: rice production (grew 258%), from 9,
293 MT to 24, 023 MT )– In 3 yr period, of 2007 -2010, rice production almost tripled
(growing 288%) from 18,317 MT to 53,000 MT. Option for poor small-scale farmers; grown by 90% small
scales (up-to 13,358 farmers, MACO data of 2007/8 season)
2. The Case for rice: Why support rice ?
Although production has been increasing, it has been unsatisfactory:
Production increase was attributed to area rather than productivity
Consumption is higher than the supply, so Zambia has to import
Rice growing limited to few parts of Zambia The production is uncompetitive (imports are cheaper
than local rice)
Lets scrutinise each of these!
The Case for rice: (1) Low yield about 1MT/ha
Rice yield (MT per Ha)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Rice yield (MT per Ha)
No improvement in recent years! In 2008/9 yield was 1.35 MT /ha, 2009/10 it was 1.44 MT/ha (MACO, CFS 2010)IRRI : Africa Yield = 2.5 Mt/ ha ; World = 4.15 Mt /Ha , no much difference in region
The Case for rice: (2)Consumption-Supply Gap
Needs are met by imports: Demand is higher than production and met by
imports (CSO,ADS 2009)
-
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Import net w t kg
Export net w t
Prod kg
Food Balance sheet for 2009/10 and 2010/2011 indicate rice demand of 54,000MT and 63,328 MT
The Case for rice: (2)Consumption-Supply Gap – Global (CARD)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
(×1000
t)
Producti onConsumpti on
Rice (Milled)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
(×1000
t)
Producti onConsumpti on
Wheat
Widening Demand-supply Gap
(Rice and Wheat)Source: Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) secretariat
The Case for rice: (3) Rice grown in few areas
Can we try other areas? e.g. in 2009, NERICA grew @ 4 - 5MT/ha Lusaka and Mazabuka
Map too big
The Case for rice: (4) Low Competitiveness
*There are indications that local rice is less
competitive going by imported rice which
competes favourably
3. Why Poor Performance of Rice – Value Chain Constraints
Farm level: – Diseases e.g. rice blast and Pest, – Inappropriate mgt skills, traditional (late planting, broadcasting planting, weed
control, untimely fertilization, untimely harvesting)– Technology inadequacies;
- particularly impure seed varieties with low yields (purify variety) - Tools largely hand hoes limiting to small areas,- Irrigation in case of droughts _reliant on rains
Storage for bulking not developed, leading to – high transactions costs for traders,– Information asymmetries (e.g. mystery where farmers have no mkt and traders
complain no produce)
Processing:– Old Machinery leading to poor quality e.g broken rice or lower extraction rates – Location far hence high transport costs (35% of paddy is husk)– Different quality / uniform seed lead to por quality processing (sorting / gradind
needed)
Uncoordinated Marketing for export (Zambia Rice Federation Just formed)
4.
:
4. Are there Options for Rice Development?– Strategy
All aspects of value chain
interventions
All aspects of value chain
interventions
Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol
Zones
Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol
Zones
Emphasis on capacity
development
Emphasis on capacity
development
Promotion of South-South Cooperation
Promotion of South-South Cooperation
Post-harvestPost-harvest
MarketingMarketing
On-farm technology
On-farm technology
InputsInputs IrrigatedIrrigated
Rain-fed upland
Rain-fed upland
Rain-fed Rain-fed
Japan committed itself to assist Africa to double rice production from the level of 14m MT in 2008 to 28 m MT by 2018. Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) was formed in 2008 with secretariat in Kenya. The Strategic Framework for rice development is as below
Japan committed itself to assist Africa to double rice production from the level of 14m MT in 2008 to 28 m MT by 2018. Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) was formed in 2008 with secretariat in Kenya. The Strategic Framework for rice development is as below
5. JICA and its Support to Rice (green shows interventions)
Value ChinValue ChinPromotion of South-South Cooperation
Promotion of South-South Cooperation
Emphasis on capacity
development
Emphasis on capacity
development
Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol Zones
Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol Zones
Inputs: NERICA Seed
Multiplication with ZARI
(30MT in 2009)
Inputs: NERICA Seed
Multiplication with ZARI
(30MT in 2009) On Farm:
- Demonstration,
- At least 50 Camp Extension Workers trained in NERICA
On Farm: - Demonstration,
- At least 50
Camp Extension Workers trained in NERICA
Upland Rain fed:in Non traditional areas
e.g. Chongwe
Upland Rain fed:in Non traditional areas
e.g. Chongwe
Low Land rain fed: Kosh rainfed in
Sefula
Low Land rain fed: Kosh rainfed in
Sefula
- Training in Japan - Support to NRDS- Visit by Expert
e.g. At FODIS
- Training in Japan - Support to NRDS- Visit by Expert
e.g. At FODIS
- Africa Rice Expert
- Training of CEO in
Uganda 8 visits
- Africa Rice Expert
- Training of CEO in
Uganda 8 visits
Value Chain Value Chain
Processing: Agro processing in
Sefula
Processing: Agro processing in
Sefula
Irrigation: In July/ Aug 2010 a Mission was sent to Zambia to assess prospects
Irrigation: In July/ Aug 2010 a Mission was sent to Zambia to assess prospects
5. A few Pictures about Japan’s Support
in September 2010: Expert From Africa Rice Training Camp Extension Officers (15)
5. A few Pictures about Japan’s Support
in September 2010: Expert From Africa Rice Training Camp Extension Officers in class
5.Pictures of JICA Support:
Through Support from Japan in 2009 Africa Rice collaborated with ZARI and ZAMSEED multiply NERICA seed. This a ZAMSEED contracted Farmer
JICA support to Training in Uganda JICA support to Training in Uganda
Zambian Researchers sent to Uganda in August 2010 to share with others
Current Activities of JICA
6. Other Players in Zambia
We would like to acknowledge other Players supporting the rice subsector (list not exhaustive):
SNV – Published a book on rice Growing, involved in capacity building and market linkage
Research In Use (RIU) – Working with COMACO to purify local varieties of seed “supa” and market linkage
development Production, Finance and Technology (PROFIT) – has been
supporting small to medium scale farmers in upland rice production
ZARI/ AGRA- Development and promotion of blast resistant and soil acidity tolerant upland rice varieties
NSTC – Evaluateion of upland rice varieties Development of Upland rice
Others not mentioned here
7. Conclusion
Rice is becoming an increasing important crop
in and can contribute to income and food
Security.
There is need to coordinate in the area of rice
development; whereby different players should
complement their efforts.
Thank you very Much !
THINK TOGETHER, WORK TOGETHER