saqartvelosi energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebisa da ganvitarebis politika...

saqarTveloSi energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis

gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebis politika da

evrointegracia

saqarTvelos energetikuli politikis zogadi analizi aRmosavleTis

partniorobis WrilSi.

(sruli angariSi)

moamzada vaxtang zarquam asociacia “kavkasiis garemosdacviTi organizaciebis qselis”

(CENN) dakveTiT fond “Ria sazogadoeba – saqarTvelos” mier dafinansebuli proeqtis

“aRmosavleTis partniorobis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis forumis saqarTvelos erovnuli

platformis mesame Tematuri jgufis instituciuri ganviTarebis programa” farglebSi.

Tbilisi

noemberi, 2011

2

Sinaarsi:

1. Sesavali -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

2. zogadi informacia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

3. ეnergetikuli balansebi -----------------------------------------------------------------------– 5

4. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis potenciali

da misi gamoyenebis maCveneblebi saqarTveloSi --------------------------------- 6

5. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebisa da

ganviTarebis arsebuli politika saqarTveloSi -------------------------------- 13

6. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebisa da

ganviTarebis politikis xarvezebi/barierebi da

Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi --------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

danarTi 1: energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis

gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebis politikis mimoxilva

evropis ganviTarebul qveynebSi --------------------------------------------------------------- 33

danarTi 2: energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis

gamoyenebis xelSemwyobi instrumentebi

evrokavSiris qveynebSi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

3

sruli angariSi

1. Sesavali

winamdebare angariSi momzadda vaxtang zarquas mier asociacia “kavkasiis

garemosdacviTi organizaciebis qselis” (CENN) dakveTiT fond “Ria sazogadoeba –

saqarTvelos” mier dafinansebuli proeqtis “aRmosavleTis partniorobis

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis forumis saqarTvelos erovnuli platformis mesame

Tematuri jgufis instituciuri ganviTarebis programa” farglebSi.

qvemoT mocemulia Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb mokle informacia.

problema, kvlevis mizani, amocanebi, meTodebi

saqarTvelos ar gaaCnia qarTul sazogadoebasa da evrokavSirTan SeTanxmebuli

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis (egw) gamoyenebis mdgradi ganviTarebis strategia.

sxvadasxva organizaciebis mier (“vinrok jorjia”, “msoflio gamocdileba

saqarTvelosTvis”, “energoefeqturobis fondi”, “energoefeqturobis centri”,

mogvianebiT ki “levan miqelaZis saxelobis fondi” da “asociacia evropuli

gamokvlevebi saqarTvelos inovaciuri ganviTarebisTvis”), qarTveli eqspertebis

monawileobiT, Sesrulebulia kvlevebi, romlebic exeba egw gamoyenebisa da

ganviTarebis sakiTxebs. miuxedavad amisa, aRniSnul sferoSi gakeTebuli ar aris

saqarTvelosa da evropis ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris yovlismomcveli

SedarebiTi analizi; garda amisa, dRemde ver moxerxda aRniSnuli kvlevebiT

miRebuli rekomendaciebis efeqturi lobireba mTavrobaSi, romelic gamoiwvevda

egw gamoyenebis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSavebas. aRniSnuli garemoeba xels ar

uwyobs saqarTvelos energetikuli seqtoris mdgrad ganviTarebas da

evrointegracias.

bunebrivia, rom mcire droisa da mwiri finansuri resursebis gamo, winamdebare

angariSsac ver eqneba saqarTvelosa da evropis ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris

zemoxsenebuli yovlismomcveli SedarebiTi analizis pretenzia. es angariSi ufro

fokusirebulia saqarTveloSi egw ganviTarebis strategiis umTavres sakiTxebze

evrokavSirTan integraciis WrilSi, romelic iTvaliswinebs da ajamebs

zemoxsenebuli kvlevebiT mocemul informacias. agreTve, es angariSi iZleva

Semsruleblis sakuTar damatebiT informacias, romelic siaxlis saxiT avsebs

sxva eqspertebis mosazrebebs an afiqsirebs gansxvavebul pozicias.

amJamad, adreul wlebTan SedarebiT, Seqmnilia ufro damaimedebeli viTareba

rekomendaciebis efeqturi lobirebis TvalsazrisiT, radgan aRmosavleTis

partniorobis programa, romlis monawile saqarTvelocaa, iTvaliswinebs

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiur monawileobas evrointegraciis procesebSi.

mTavroba iZulebuli iqneba aRniSnul garemoebas garkveulwilad angariSi

gauwios.

zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia, angariSi da mis safuZvelze

momzadebuli statia gaxdes mxolod erT-erTi mastimulirebeli RonisZieba

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ganviTarebis sferoSi Casatarebeli

4

yovlismomcveli kvlevisa da mis safuZvelze Sesabamisi saxelmwifo strategiis

SemuSaveba-miRebisTvis.

mizani:

angariSisa da mis safuZvelze momzadebuli statiis mizania, xeli Seuwyos

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis mdgradi ganviTarebis saxelmwifo

strategiis Camoyalibebas saqarTvelosTvis da am kuTxiT, saqarTvelos

evrokavSirTan Semdgom daaxloebas.

amocanebi:

saqarTveloSi energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebis

politikis zogadi analizis gakeTeba aRmosavleTis partniorobis WrilSi da

Sesabamisi rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.

kvlevis gamoyenebuli meTodi:

internetwyaroebidan Segrovda da Seswavlil iqna qarTveli eqspertebis

monawileobiT bolo 6 wlis manZilze Sesrulebuli angariSebi (moxda

dagrovili codnis Seswavla);

internetwyaroebis gamoyenebiT, eqspertebTan da Sesabamis uwyebebTan

konsultaciebiT gadamowmda da dazustda angariSebSi mocemuli zogierTi

informacia, mopovebul iqna axali informacia;

evropasTan integraciis kuTxiT, energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebisa da

ganviTarebis politikis umTavres sakiTxebze Sejamda qarTveli eqspertebis

zemoxsenebuli kvlevevbiT mocemuli informacia, gakeTda Semsruleblis

sakuTari damatebiTi analizi, romelic siaxlis saxiT avsebs sxva eqspertebis

mosazrebebs. sxva eqspertebis mosazrebebi ucvlelad aris gadmotanili

angariSSi an maTze gadmocemulia winamdebare samuSaos Semsruleblis

gansxvavebuli pozicia;

SemuSavda daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi Segrovebuli da gaanalizebuli

informaciis safuZvelze.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

- saqarTvelos energetikis saministro: www.minenergy.gov.ge;

- eleqtroenergetikuli sistemis komerciuli operatori (esko), www.esco.ge ;

- saqarTvelos energetikisa da wyalmomaragebis maregulirebeli erovnuli komisia:

http://www.gnerc.org/

- karine miqelaZe, “msoflio gamocdileba ganaxlebadi energoresursebis aTvisebis

politikaSi”, ianvari, 2008, organizacia “msoflio gamocdileba saqarTvelosTvis”,

www.weg.ge

- “energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis potenciali saqarTveloSi da misi aTvisebis

RonisZiebebi”, Tebervali, 2008 “vinrok jorjia” da “msoflio gamocdileba

saqarTvelosTvis”, www.weg.ge

http://www.minenergy.gov.ge/

http://www.esco.ge/

http://www.gnerc.org/

http://www.weg.ge/

http://www.weg.ge/

5

- liana jervaliZe, “saqarTvelos gawevrianeba energetikul gaerTianebaSi, problemebi da

perspeqtivebi”, 2011, levan miqelaZis saxelobis fondi, www.mikeladzefoundation.org

- T. marsagiSvili, „sainovacio procesebi energousafrTxoebasa da garemos marTvaSi:

xedva dasavleTidan da aRmosavleTidan“, asociacia “evropuli gamokvlevebi

saqarTvelos inovaciuri ganviTarebisTvis”, www.inovdev.ge

- m. margvelaSvili, g. muxiguliSvili, “energetikuli usafrTxoeba – xedva

saqarTvelodan”, www.weg.ge

- evrokavSiris energetikuli portali: www.inogate.org

- evrokomisiis vebsaiti: www.ec.europa.eu/policies/energy_natural_resources_en.htm

- vaxtang zarqua, “xelisuflebis xarvezebi eleqtroenergetikul seqtorSi”

energoefeqturobis fondi, Jurnali “energetikis regulirebis macne ”, me-7 nomeri,

2005w, www.ern.org.ge

- energoefeqturobis centri: www.eecgeo.org/

- energetikuli gaerTianeba /Tanamegobroba www.energy-community.org

- vinrok jorjia interneiSenali: http://winrock.ge/

2. zogadi informacia

saqarTveloSi arsebobs TiTqmis yvela saxis ganaxlebadi energetikuli resursebis

mniSvnelovani potenciali. specialistTa SefasebebiT realurad miRwevadi

energetikili potenciali utoldeba 10-15 miliard kilovatsaaTs (teravatsaaaTs)

an Sesabamisad, daaxloebiT 1 milioni navTobis tonis eqvivalents, rac energiis

dRevandeli sruli moxmarebis daaxloebiT 30% Seadgens. sadReisod am

potencialis Zalze mcire nawilia aTvisebuli. ganaxlebadi energoresursebis

wili saqarTvelos mTlian energetikul balansSi (SeSis garda) erT procentze

naklebia. M

3. ეnergetikuli balansebi

saqarTveloSi pirveladi energiis sruli miwodeba daaxloebiT 3.3 milion tona

navTobis eqvivalents (mtne) Seadgens. erT sulze mosuli energiis moxmareba

daaxloebiT 0.74 tne weliwadSi. saqarTveloSi energiis miwodebis da moxmarebis

maCveneblebia:

saqarTveloSi moxmarebuli energoresursebis daaxloebiT 70% - mde

importirebulia, romelSic daaxloebiT 45% aris importirebuli bunebrivi

gazi, xolo daaxloebiT 25% - mde ki importuli navTobproduqtebi.

gamoyenebuli adgilobrivi energoresursebidan yvelaze mniSvnelovania

hidroenergia (18% - mde) da SeSa (12-20%).

ganaxlebad energoresursebs (didi hidroeleqtrosadgurebis garda)

saqarTvelos energomoxmarebaSi 1%-ze naklebi wili SeaqvT.

bunebrivi gazis importi xorcieldeba mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi, amasTan,

importis moculoba zamTris periodSi 3-4-jer izrdeba zafxulTan SedarebiT

http://www.mikeladzefoundation.org/

http://www.inovdev.ge/

http://www.weg.ge/

http://www.inogate.org/

http://www.ec.europa.eu/policies/energy_natural_resources_en.htm

http://www.ern.org.ge/

http://www.eecgeo.org/

http://www.energy-community.org/

http://winrock.ge/

6

eleqtroenergiis adgilobrivi sruli wliuri warmoeba 2010 wlis monacemiT

saqarTveloSi Seadgens daaxloebiT 10 teravatsaaTs (mlrd. kvtsT).

adgilobrivi hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mier warmoebuli eleqtroenergia Seadgens

eleqtroenergiis adgilobrivi saerTo warmoebis daaxloebiT 93%-s.

mcire, 13 mgvt-mde simZlavris eleqtrosadgurebis mier generirebuli

eleqtroenergiis wili ki eleqtroenergiis jamur generaciaSi daaxloebiT 3.15%-s

Seadgens.

E4. ეnergiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis potenciali da misi gamoyenebis

maCveneblebi saqarTveloSi

mcire hesebi

saqarTveloSi energetikuli TvalsazrisiT 360 mdinarea mniSvnelovani. jamuri

Teoriuli hidroenergetikuli potenciali sxvadasxva avtorTa gamokvlevebiT

Seadgens 135_160 mlrd.kvtsT weliwadSi. teqnikurad gamoyenebadia 81-90 mlrd.

kvtsT/weliwadSi. maT Soris mcire hesebis jamuri Teoriuli hidroenergetikuli

potenciali Seadgens 40 mlrd. kvtsT/weliwadSi, xolo teqnikuri 19.5 mlrd.

kvtsT/weliwadSi. realurad miRwevadi potenciali eqspertebis mier fasdeba,

rogorc am sididis 20-25%; amdenad, egw realisturi strategiis dagegmvisas, mcire

hesebis SesaZlo gamomuSavebis saorientacio maCveneblad miRebuli unda iqnas

daaxloebiT 4-5 mlrd.kvt.sT/wel (4-5 tvt.sT/wel).

2010 wlisTvis saqarTveloSi sul 33 mcire hesia.Aaqedan 28 moqmedi mcire hesia,

romelTa jamuri simZlavre 88.45 mvt, eleqtoenergiis saSualo jamuri gamomuSaveba

ki 317 mln. kvtsT. mcire hesebis wili eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis wliur

saerTo balansSi (Tboeleqtrosadgurebis CaTvliT) 3.15 %.

mcire hesebis teqnikuri hidroenergetikuli potenciali mkveTri sezonurobiT

xasiTdeba.GgamomuSavebis maqsimumi modis gazafxul-zafxulis Tveebze, rac misi

aTvisebisTvis garkveul problemebs qmnis, am periodSi eleqtroenergiaze

moTxovnilebis Semcirebis gamo.

ქaris energetika

qaris energiis potenciali saqarTvelos teritoriaze, qaris siCqareebi izomeboda

165 meteosadgurze, ramdenime aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi. Aam monacemebis

damuSavebis da analizis safuZvelze dadgenilia, rom qaris sruli Teoriuli

energopotenciali Seadgens 1300 mlrd. kvtsT-s, maSin rodesac saqarTvelos

mdinareebis sruli Teoriuli energopotenciali Seadgens minimum 135 mlrd kvtsT-

7

s. am monacemebis gamoyenebiT SerCeul iqna energetikuli TvalsazrisiT yvelaze

perspeqtiuli regionebi esenia: foTi, Woroxi, quTaisi, mTa-sabueTi 1, mTa-sabueTi

2, gori-kaspi, faravani, samgori, rusTavi. Qaris energetikis kvleviTi centris

“qarenergos” gamokvlevebiT qaris energiis teqnikuri potenciali utoldeba 5

mlrd kvtsT weliwadSi 2000 mgvt dadgmuli simZlavriT, rac 2010 wlis

monacemebiT eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnilebis 57% SeiZleba miRebul iqnas qaris

eleqtrosadgurebis saSualebiT. es Sefaseba moicavs mxolod yvelaze

perspeqtiul ubnebs maRali jamuri potencialiT. aq ar aris asaxuli SedarebiT

mcire zomis ubnebi, sadac lokalurad maRali qaris potenciali SeiZleba

arsebobdes.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Seswavlil adgilebidan mravalia iseTi, sadac bevrze qaris

energiis ZiriTadi wili modis zamTris im Tveebze, rodesac

hidroeeleqtrosadgurebi ganicdian wylis resursebis deficits.

ქaris energiis gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi praqtikulad ar xdeba. გanxorcielebulia

mxolod ramodenime sademonstracio proeqti.

ბiomasa

ბiomasa warmoadgens mcenareuli da cxoveluri warmoSobis organul nivTierebebs

პirveladi biomasaa mcenareebi, cxovelebi, mikroorganizmebi

მeoradi biomasaa pirveladi biomasis gadamuSavebis da cxovelebis moqmedebis

narCenebi.

მcenareuli biomasis saxeebia: SeSa, სatyeo meurneobis eqsploataciis narCenebi, xe-

tyis industriis narCenebi, soflis meurneobis biologiuri narCenebi,

agrogadamamuSavebeli industriis narCenebi, soflis meurneobis energetikuli

daniSnulebis kulturebi.

cxoveluri biomasis saxeebia: mecxoveleobis narCenebi, gamwmendi mowyobilobebis

narCenebi, sayofacxovrebo narCenebi, sxva.

ბiomasidan energia miiReba sxvadasxva Termoqimiuri da bioteqnologiuri

meTodebiT.

rogorc qvemoT moyvanili cxrilidan Cans, saqarTveloSi biomasis energetikuli

potenciali jamSi 12.5 miliard kilovatsaaTs (tvtsT-s) Seadgens. Sesadareblad

aRvniSnavT, rom saqarTvelos energosistema weliwadSi daaxloebiT 8 teravatsaaT

eleqtroenergias gamoimuSavebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom moyvanili Sefaseba ar iTvaliswinebs saqarTveloSi

energetikuli kulturebis moyvanis da gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas, rac damatebiT

Seswavlas saWiroebs.

saqarTvelos maRali teqnologiebis centrSi (sxvadasxva dargis specialistebTan

erTad) Catarebuli winaswari kvlevebis Tanaxmad saqarTveloSi soflis

meurneobisaTvis gamouyenebel miwebze (aTeuli aTasobiT heqtari) SesaZlebelia

gaSendes energetikuli plantaciebi da miRebul iqnas biosaTbobi (biodizeli,

8

bioeTanoli). es mimarTuleba iTvleba erTerT perspeqtiul da efeqtur

mimarTulebad msoflioSi.

Bbiomasis saxeoba raodenoba

(aTasi tona)

Eenergia

(mlrd.

kvt.sT)

Ddazogili

wiaRis.

saTbobi

Rirebuleba

(mln aSS

dolari)

marcvlovani da

parkosani

kulturebis

narCenebi

870 1,3 112 aTasi

tne

80

mecxoveleobis da

mefrinveleobis

narCenebi

1670 6,9 734*106

kub.m bun. გaz.

ეqv

172

sayofacxovrebo

narCenebi

Tbilissa da

quTaisSi

900 0,6 64*106

kub.m bun.

გaz. ეqv

15

q. Tbilisis kanal.

wylis

gamwmendi

mowyobilobebidan

250 1,0 100*106

kub.m bun.

გaz. ეqv

25

xe-tye da misi

narCenebi

700 2,7 200 aTasi

tne

140

jami 12,5 432

saqarTveloSi biomasidan energiis misaRebad ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba SeSa.

viTardeba SedarebiT axali mimarTulebac – mefrinveleoba-mecxoveleobis

narCenebis gadamuSavebiT biogazis warmoeba.

SeSaze moTxovnileba gacilebiT maRalia (ramodenimejer metia) xe-tyis Wris

dasaSveb normasTan SedarebiT.Ees seriozul ekologiur safrTxes qmnis. isic

aRsaniSnavia, rom SeSis gamoyeneba ZiriTadad xdeba dabali efeqturobis mcire

simZlavris saojaxo RumelebSi, romelTa margi qmedebis koeficienti 10-15 %-ს ar

aRemateba. bolo xanebSi iyo mcdeloba daemzadebiaT SedarebiT efeqturi

Rumelebi, magram saboloo mizani jer kidev ar aris miRweuli.

dRes evrokavSiris qveynebSi SeSis ekonomiis mizniT aqtiurad iyeneben peletebs,

romelic naxerxis an SeSis burbuSelis dapresiT miiReba. maTi miReba

SesaZlebelia Txilis da kaklis naWuWebiTac. gamoangariSebulia, rom saxlis

gasaTbobad saWiroa daaxloebiT 1 - 3 tona peleti zamTris ganmavlobaSi. peletis

es raodenoba imaze ufro mcirea, ra odenobis SeSac sakuTari saxlis

gaTbobisTvis ixarjeba zamTarSi.

9

saqarTvelos regionebSi SeSis dazogvis mizniT mizanSewonilia mosaxleobis mier

maRalefeqturi Rumelebis gamoyenebisa da peletis warmoebis xelSemwyobi

politikis Camoyalibeba da gatareba.

რac Seexeba biomasis danarCen saxeebs, isini saqarTveloSi praqtikulad ar

gamoiyeneba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ikargeba daaxloebiT 450 mln aSS dolaris

Rirebulebis produqti.

energetikuli da ekonomikuri momgebianobis garda, biomasis narCenebis

gadamuSavebas aqvs udidesi garemosdacviTi mniSvneloba. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi

arsebuli aseulobiT xe-tyis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebidan TiTqmis arc erTi ar

iyenebs sawarmoSi warmoSobil naxerxs srulad. rogorc wesi, es naxerxi iyreba

sawarmos mimdebare teritoriaze an axlogamdinare mdinareSi.

აseve, saqarTveloSi ar xdeba arsebuli Sinauri frinvelebisa da cxovelebis

narCenebis gadamuSaveba. aRniSnuli narCenebi bunebrivi xrwnis procesSi

atmosferos abinZureben meTaniT (romelsac 21-jer ufro maRali saTburi efeqtis

koeficienti aqvs, vidre naxSirorJangs) da naxSirorJangiT. garda amisa, es

narCenebi abinZurebs niadags. garemos dabinZurebis problemebi SeiZleba gadawydes

narCenebidan biogazis warmoebiT. biogazis warmoeba ki gadawyvets, rogorc

ekologiur problemas, ise mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebs fermis energetikul da

ekonomikur mdgomareobas. Biogazis warmoebis produqtebia Tavad biogazi da

biosasuqi, romelic nakelis gadamuSavevis Sedegad miiReba.

erTaderTi mimarTuleba, romelic SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom viTardeba, aris

swored mecxoveleobis narCenebis gadamuSaveba da misgan energiis warmoeba. უnda

aRiniSnos, rom am mimarTulebis winsvla Sedegia calkeuli specialistebis

enTuziazmisa. 1994-2007 წწ. Seqmnilia da praqtikulad ganxorcielebulia 400-ze

meti biodanadgari, romelic mecxoveleobis narCenebidan awarmoebs biogazs. Tumca

bevris funqcionireba Sewyvetilia.

biomasis arsebuli potencialis aTvisebisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve

kanons biomasis narCenebis (msxvili qalaqebis da mecxoveleobis da

mefrinveleobis fermebi, xe-tyis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi da a.S.)

utilizaciisa da gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb. Aam SemTxvevaSi kanoni aiZulebs

sawarmoebs da municipalur organoebs moaxdinon am narCenebis gadamuSaveba.

ekonomikuri sargeblianobis, energetikuli usafrTxoebis donis amaRlebisa da

garemoSi saTburi airebis emisiis Semcirebis mizniT, mizanSewonilia biomasis

narCenebis maqsimalurad gamoyenebis xelSemwyobi efeqturi politikis SemuSaveba

da gatareba, romlis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli RonisZiebebia zogadad, energiis

ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb kanonisa da biomasis narCenebis

utilizaciisa da gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb kanonis SemuSaveba da amoqmedeba.

10

mzis energia

xangrZlivi dakvirvebis Sedegad mzis saSualo wliuri radiaciis sidided

saqarTveloSi miRebulia 1550 kvtsT/kv.m*wel.

saqarTveloSi mzis energiis gamoyenebis miRwevadi potenciali Seadgens 6.5-13 aTasi

tne-s.

sadReisod, saqarTveloSi ar moqmedebs mzis energiis aTvisebis mxardamWeri raime

sakanonmdeblo an normatiuli aqtebi. 2005 wlamde, importuli heliosistemebi ar

ibegreboda damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadiT, magram 2005 wlis 1 ianvridan,

axali sagadasaxado kodeqsis ZalaSi Sesvlis Sedegad, es SeRavaTebi moixsna da

Sesabamisad importirebuli heliosistemebis fasi gaizarda. eqspertTa SefasebiT

saqarTveloSi heliosistemebi 35-40%-iT meti Rirs, vidre analogiuri sistemebi

TurqeTSi, rac mzis energiis aTvisebisaTvis seriozul dabrkolebas warmoadgens.

მzis energia saqarTveloSi ZiriTad gamoiyeneba turistuli dawesebulebebis,

agarakebis, kerZo tipis sacxovrebeli saxlebis cxeli wyliT uzrunvelyofisTvis

da saTburebis gaTbobisTvis. sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi umTavresad gamoiyeneba

mzis TviTnakeTi danadgarebi.

saqarTvelos mTagorian adgilebSi mdebare, Znelad misasvleli da mcired

dasaxlebuli soflebis, geologiuri partiebis, mwyemsebis, samTomadno

samuSaoebis, samxedro-savele pirobebis, kavSirgabmulobis (telekomunikaciuri)

saretransliacio sadgurebis, saavario situaciebis energiiT momaragebis

optimalur variants warmoadgens mzis energiis gardamqmnelebi.

geoTermuli wylebi

saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRricxulia 30-108 °c temperaturis mqone Termuli

wylis 250-mde bunebrivi da xelovnuri (WaburRilebis saxiT) wyaro. maTi jamuri

debiti Seadgens 160 000 kub.m/d-R (60 000 000 kub.m/w). sxvadasxva monacemebiT

hidroTermuli resursebis Teoriuli potenciali Sefasebulia,rogorc 245-290

mgvt, teqnikuri potenciali ki – 150 mgvt. saqarTvelos Termuli wylis resursebis

80%-ze meti Tavmoyrilia dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

amJamad, saqarTveloSi moqmedebaSia lisis geoTermuli sabado, romelic cxeli

wyliT uzrunvelyofs q. Tbilisis saburTalos raionis mosaxleobis nawils.

kerZod, 79 sacxovrebeli korpusi maragdeba 55 °c temperaturis mqone Termuli

wyliT; 15 sacxovrebeli korpusi maragdeba 70 °c temperaturis mqone Termuli

wyliT.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli Termuli wylebidan mcire nawili gamoiyeneba

mxolod samkurnalo daniSnulebiT.

geoTermuli wylebi momavalSi SeiZleba farTod iqnas gamoyenebuli gaTbobisa da

cxelwyalmomaragebisTvis.

jamSi saqarTveloSi egw miRwevadi potenciali aris daaxloebiT 10-15 tvtsT an

eqvivalenturad 0.9-1.3 mtne weliwadSi, rac mTliani pirveladi energiis miwodebis

25-30%-s Seadgens.

11

egw-ebis potenciali

egw tipi Teoriuli

potenciali

teqnikuri

potenciali

Eekonomikuri

potenciali

mcire hidro

32

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

19.5

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

4

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

qari

1300

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

5

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

1.5

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

biomasa

12.5

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

Mmze

1500

kvt.sT/kv.m dReSi

60 – 120 kvt.sT/kv.m

dReSi

geoTermia

1.6

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

1

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

0.5

mlrd. kvt. sT

weliwadSi

12

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyeneba

dasaxeleba

E

konomikuri

potenciali,

teravat. sT

(mlrd.kvt. sT)

gamoyenebuli

potenciali,

teravat. sT, %

(mlrd.kvt. sT)

mcire hidro

4-5

(miRwevadi

potenciali)

0.317

(8-6 %)

qari

1.5

0

(0%)

biomasa

2.5

0

(0%)

xe-tye

1.3

(dasaSvebi

normisTvis)

12

(923 %)

faqtiuri/aradasaSvebi

normis SemTxvevaSi

mze

60 – 120 kvt.sT/kv.m

dReSi

ar aris gamokvleuli

geoTermuli

0.5

0.03

(6%)

unda iTqvas, rom egw-is potencialis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva informacia arsebobs.

amitom, aucilebelia, xelaxla da safuZvlianad iqnas Seswavlili egw potenciali

da misi gamoyenebis faqtobrivi mdgomareoba ToToeuli saxeobisTvis.

13

5. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis (egw) gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebis

arsebuli politika saqarTveloSi

5.1 egw aTvisebis sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli baza

saqarTveloSi egw aTviseba regulirdeba Semdegi kanonebiT da normatiuli

aqtebiT:

kanoni “eleqtroenergetikisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb”;

kanoni “garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb”;

kanoni “bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb”;

kanoni “tyiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb”;

“saqarTvelos energetikul seqtorSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebi”;

sagadasaxao kodeqsi;

sabaJo kodeqsi;

eleqtroenergiis bazris wesebi;

energetikis saministros normatiuli aqtebi;

semekis normatiuli aqtebi;

saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba “saqarTveloSi aratradiciuli

energiis wyaroebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb”.

E5.2 egw-is ganviTarebis politikis pozitiuri debulebebi

saxelmwifos mier aRiarebulia egw-is ganviTarebis xelSewyobis kursi.

kanonSi “eleqtroenergetikisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb” da “saqarTvelos

energetikul seqtorSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebebSi”, aris egw

ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi samarTlebrivi garemos Camoyalibebis mcdeloba, rac

ukve misasalmebeli wingadadgmuli nabijia. magaliTad, “eleqtroenergetikisa da

bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb” kanonis miznebSi aRniSnulia, rom kanonis mizania:

• “xeli Seuwyos hidroenegetikuli, sxva ganaxlebadi, alternatiuli da bunebrivi

gazis adgilobrivi resursebis upirates gamoyenebas”, (pirveli muxli, me-2 punqti

“d” qvepunqti).

amasTan energetikis saministros funqciebSi Sedis:

• “energetikuli resursebis mopovebis gafarToebis, ganaxlebadi (alternatiuli)

energiis wyaroebis upiratesi aTvisebis, energoefeqtiani RonisZiebebis xelSewyoba

. . . “ (muxli 3, punqti 1, qvepunqti “l”).,

kanoniT “eleqtroenergetikisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb” da “eleqtroenergiis

bazris wesebiT” esko valdebullia 13 mgvt-mde simZlavris mcire

14

eleqtrosadgurebisgan (mcire hesebisgan) Seisyidos pirdapiri xelSekrulebebis

zeviT darCenili mTeli eleqtroenergia Semdegi tarifebiT:

1 maisidan 1 seqtembramde regulirebadi fiqsirebuli tarifis mqone im hesebis

tarifiT, romelsac komisiis mier dadgenili aqvs yvelaze dabali tarifi

(13.08.2010 N 46 cvlilebiT );

1 seqtemridan 1 maisamde – pirdapiri xelSekrulebis standartuli pirobebis

safuZvelze eleqtroenergiis (simZlavris) mwarmoeblebis mier eskoze gayiduli

yvelaze maRali eleqtroenergiis tarifiT (13.08.2010 N 46 cvlilebiT);.

faqtobrivad, es wesi mcire hesebis mier warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis realizaciis

garantias niSnavs, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania investiciebis mosazidad. garda amisa,

mcire eleqtrosadgurebi:

ar saWiroeben eleqtroenergiis warmoebis licenzias (deregulirebis

SemTxvevaSi);

ufleba aqvT pirdapiri xelSekrulebebiT gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergia

gayidon nebismier momxmarebelze;

ar saWiroeben eleqtroenrgiis eqsportis licenzias.

“saqarTvelos energetikul seqtorSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebis” (2006 w. ivnisi) amocanebSi aRniSnulia:

“hidroenergetikuli kompleqsebis mSenebloba unda warimarTos yvela SesaZlo

mimarTulebiT – rogorc mcire da saSualo, ise mZlavri kompleqsebis

meSveobiT. saqarTvelos bunebrivi pirobebi iZleva, mniSvnelovnad iqnes

ganviTarebuli alternatiuli energiis wyaroebi”.

6. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebis politikis

xarvezebi/barierebi da Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi

xarvezi: energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis cnebis mkafio ganmartebisa da garemoze

zemoqmedebis Sefasebis srulyofili sistemis ararseboba

komentari:

saqarTveloSi energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis ganviTarebisTvis,

upirvelesad ki, didi simZlavris wyalsacaviani hesebis dagegmarebisTvis ar

arsebobs garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis daxvewili erTiani sistema. Sedegad

viRebT metad mgrZnobiare garemoze negatiuri zemoqmedebis makompensirebeli da

Semarbilebeli xarjebis gauTvaliswineblobas, rac gaumarTleblad rentabelur

mdgomareobaSi ayenebs did sadgurebs mcire sadgurebTan SedarebiT.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT mocemuli ar aris energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis

cnebis ganmarteba. es sakmaod uxerxul viTarebas qmnis da xels ar uwyobs egw

gamoyenebis ganviTarebas.

15

ufro metic, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi (magaliTad, saqarTvelos kanonSi

“eleqtroenergetikisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb”, muxli 3 punqti 1, qvepunqti “l”

da “saqarTvelos energetikul seqtorSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebSi” (Tavi 2, punqti 1, qvepunqti 2, da punqti 2.2 qvepunqti 3)

gamoiyeneba ori termini “ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebi” da “alternatiuli

energiis wyaroebi”.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT energiis ganaxlebad wyaroebSi SeiZleba

vigulisxmoT:

hidroeleqtrosadgurebi 13 mgvt-mde simZlavriT;

qaris, mzisa da geoTermuli energoresursebi Sesabamasi sadgurebis yovelgvari,

maT Soris, simZlavris mixedviT SezRudvis gareSe;

biomasis mxolod is moculoba, romelic SeiZleba bunebrivad aRdges

(magaliTad, gaCexili an damwvari xe-tyis is raodenoba, romelic sanitarul

normebs aRemateba ganaxlebad energoresursad veRar CaiTvleba).

saqarTveloSi dRes damkvidrebuli Sexedulebis Sesabamisad, ganaxlebadia energiis

wyaro, Tu is aris bunebaSi mudmivad arsebul an periodulad Sevsebad energiis

nakadebze dafuZnebuli, adamianis mier misi gamoyeneba ar amcirebs gansaxilveli

wyaros potencials da garemoze ar axdens mniSvnelovan negatiur zemoqmedebas.

specialistebs Soris gayofilia azri, imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra igulisxmeba

“ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis”, anu “alternatiuli energiis wyaroebis” qveS.

specialistebis nawilis azriT, Tu qaris didi (13 mgv-ze meti) eleqtrosadgurebi

Sedis egw, maSin “ganaxlebadebSi” unda igulisxmebodes didi

hidroeleqtrosadgurebic.

amJamindeli mdgomareobiT, didi hidroeleqtrosadgurebi ganaxlebad

energowyaroebSi ar moiazreba, radganac isini mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas axdenen

garemoze. ganvixiloT, yovelTvis marTebulia Tu ara es mosazreba?

saqarTveloSi miCneulia, rom energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis energetikuli

potenciali Zalze mcirea, Sesabamisad, mcire sadgurebis mier warmoebuli energia

Zviria. aqedan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba didi energetikuli

potencialis mqone mdinareebze maregulirebeli wyalsacaviani hesebis mowyobas.

dRes problematuria mcire energetikuli teqnologiebis, magaliTad, mcire hesebis,

dabali konkurentunarianoba did energetikul teqnologiebTan, magaliTad, mZlavr

maregulirebel wyalsacavian hesebTan SedarebiT. problemis erT-erTi mTavari

mizezi garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dauxvewaobaSi SeiZleba veZeboT.

mcire sadgurebis mier gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis Rirebuleba axlosaa mis

namdvil RirebulebasTan, radgan mcire sadgurebi naklebad axdenen garemoze

zemoqmedebas da amis gamo, faqtobrivad, TiTqmis yvela aucileblad gasawevi

16

danaxarjis gaTvaliswineba xdeba mcire hesebis dagegmarebis dros. Aanu mcire

hesebis dagegmareba-Sefasebis arsebuli modeli martivia, radgan garemoze

zemoqmedebis faqtorebi isedac umniSvneloa, da maTi gaTvaliswineba, an

argaTvaliswineba SefasebaSi mniSvnelovan cdomilebas ar iwvevs. amdenad, is

axlosaa realur modelTan. mkveTrad gansxvavebuli suraTi gvaqvs didi

sadgurebis SemTxvevaSi. kerZod, Sefasebis arsebuli arasrulfasovani sistemis

gamo ver xdeba grZelvadian WrilSi garemoze zemoqmedebis yovlismomcveli

Sefaseba, aseve gansaxilvel proeqtTan SedarebisTvis sxva alternatiuli

ekonomikuri proeqtebis ganxilva da Sefaseba. Sedegad viRebT metad mgrZnobiare

garemoze negatiuri zemoqmedebis makompensirebeli da Semarbilebeli xarjebis

gauTvaliswineblobas, rac gaumarTleblad rentabelur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs did

sadgurebs. aseve, SesaZlebelia, rom didi hidroeleqtrosadguris

gansaxorcielebeli proeqti aRmoCndes naklebad rentabeluri igive adgilze

gansaxorcielebel sxva ekonomikur proeqtTan SedarebiT, romelic arsebuli

bunebrivi resursebis gacilebiT naklebad sarisko gamoyenebas iTvaliswinebs.

idealur SemTxvevaSi, Tu moxdeba didi sadgurebis garemoze zemoqmedebis sruli,

yovlismomcveli Sefaseba, maSin adgili eqneba garemoze zemoqmedebis mravali

makompensirebeli da Semarbilebeli xarjebis gaTvaliswinebas. amis Sedegad,

SesaZlebelia, rom didi hesebis rentabeloba umetes SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovnad

daeces da maT mier gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebam gadaaWarbos

mcire hesebis mier gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebas. am SemTxvevaSi,

didi wyalsacavebiani hesebis mSenebloba azrs dakargavda. Sesabamisad, aRar

daismeboda didi hesebis masStaburad aSenebis sakiTxi da aRar iarsebebda kiTxva

imis Sesaxeb, rom gvewodebina Tu ara didi hidroeleqtrosadgurebisTvis energiis

ganaxlebadi wyaroebi.

Tu ganvixilavT im SemTxvevas, roca didi hesis proeqti xorcieldeba naklebad

mgrZnobiare garemoSi, rac iSviaTia, magram realuria, maSin garemoze zemoqmedebis

igive srulyofili Sefasebisas SesaZlebelia miviRoT hesis maRali rentabeloba

da eleqtroenergiis dabali fasi. maSasadame, maRali rentabelobis mqone hesebis

didi proeqtebi SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes garemoze mcire zemoqmedebiT. am

SemTxvevaSi logikurad daismeba kiTxva: ratom ar unda miviCnioT aseTi mZlavri

hesi energiis ganaxlebad wyarod?

garemoze negatiuri didi zemoqmedeba Tu aris is kriteriumi, romliTac unda

ganisazRvros, energiis wyaro aris Tu ara ganaxlebadi, maSin ratom unda

miviCnioT qarisa da mzis mZlavri sadgurebi energiis ganaxlebad wyaroebad? xom

cnobilia, rom qarisa da mzis mZlavr eleqtrosadgurebs qarisa da

fotoelementebiani mzis magenirerebeli danadgarebis fermebis saxiT, romlebic

uzarmazari teritoriebis dakavebas iTxoven, SeuZliaT sakmaod negatiuri

zemoqmedeba moaxdinon garemoze.

zemoxsenebuli msjelobidan gamomdinare SeiZleba vTqvaT:

didi hesi yovelTvis SeiZleba ar axdendes did uaryofiT zemoqmedebas

garemoze;

17

qaris an mzis mZlavri eleqtrosadguri SeiZleba did negatiur zemoqmedebas

axdendes garemoze;

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroc SeiZleba did negatiur zemoqmedebas axdendes an

ar axdendes garemoze.

maSasadame, umTavresi amocanaa, SevqmnaT garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis

srulfasovani sistema yvela faqtoris sruli gaTvaliwinebis gziT da ara is, rom

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebisgan gavmijnoT naklebad mgrZnobiare garemoSi

asaSenebeli mZlavri hesebi.Eenergiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebisagan mZlavri hesebis

nebismier SemTxvevaSi uapelacio gamijvna, nebiT Tu uneblied, malavs, CrdilSi

ayenebs garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis arasrulfasovani sistemis problemas. is

xels uwyobs Semdegi araswori mosazrebis damkvidrebas: “marTalia, mcire

hidroenergoresursebis, rogorc energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ganviTareba

garemos dacvis kuTxiT sayuradReboa, magram mcire hidroenergetikis dabali

potencialisa da rentabelobis gamo iZulebuli varT didi potencialis mqone,

ufro rentabeluri, mZlavri, maregulerebeli wyalsacavebiani hesebi, rogorc

energiis tradiciuli, araganaxlebadi wyaroebi avaSenoT, raTa uzrunvelvyoT

bazris Sida da gare moTxovnebi”. Tu vaRiarebT, rom garemoze zemoqmedebis

Sefasebis arsebuliGsistema marTlac safuZvlianad dasaxvewia, maSin daxvewili

sistema gaiTvaliswinebs garemoze zemoqmedebis yvela faqtors Tavisi realuri

mniSvnelobebiT da aseTi daxvewili sistemiT Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi metad

mgrZnobiare garemoSi asaSenebeli mZlavri hesebi SeiZleba ararentabeluri

aRmoCndes. vfiqrob, es aris erT-erTi mTavari mizezi imisa, Tu ratom ferxdeba

CvenTan Tanamedrove, gacilebiT daxvewili Sefasebis erTiani sistemis normatiuli

dokumentis saxiT SemoReba. amJamad moqmedi TviTSefasebis sistemiT SesaZlebelia

TiTqmis nebismieri mZlavri hesis mSeneblobis dasabuTeba.

Cemi mosazrebis mTeli filosofia imaSi mdgomareobs, rom bunebaSi ukvalod

araferi ikargeba, metad mgrZnobiare garemoze yoveli didi masStabis teqnogenuri

zemoqmedeba adekvaturad did ukuzemoqmedebas iwvevs. arCevani yovelTvis Cvenzea:

wavideT metad mgrZnobiare garemoze didi zemoqmedebis ganxorcielebis gziT da

miviRoT adekvaturad negatiuri ukuzemoqmedeba, Tu avirCioT aRniSnul garemoze

mcire zemoqmedebis ganxorcieleba umniSvnelo negatiuri ukuzemoqmedebiT.

amdenad, naklebad mgrZnobiare garemoSi aSenebuli Tu asaSenebeli didi hesebic,

mcire hesebis msgavsad, energiis ganaxlebad wyaroebs iyeneben da Tu mcire hesebs

miviCnevT energiis ganaxlebad wyaroebad, analogiurad, naklebad mgrZnobiare

garemoSi aSenebuli, Tu asaSenebeli mZlavri hesebic unda miviCnioT energiis

ganaxlebad wyaroebad. Hhesebis gamijvna unda moxdes mxolod garemoze ukve

ganxorcielebuli da mimdinare, Tu gansaxorcielebeli negatiuri zemoqmedebis

masStabis mixedviT.

droTa ganmavlobaSi, roca daxvewili Sefasebis sistemis wyalobiT azrs

dakargavs didi wyalsacaviani eleqtrosadgurebis masStaburi mSenebloba,

18

bunebrivad moxdeba mcire da saSualo simZlavris hesebis gaigiveba energiis

ganaxlebad wyaroebTan.

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis mcire teqnologiebis bazarze

SeRwevadobis uzrunvelyofisTvis (magaliTad, didi simZlavris maregulirebel

wyalsacaviani hesebisTvis mcire hesebis mier konkurenciis gawevisTvis) evropaSi

aprobirebulia energetikuli politikisa da regulirebis sxvadasxva tipis

instrumentebi. es instrumentebi garkveulwilad uzrunvelyofen egw-is mcire

teqnologiebis bazarze monawileobas. Tumca ver vityviT, rom isini Zalze

efeqturia, radgan aRniSnuli instrumentebi ufro damdgari Sedegis winaaRmdeg

mimarTul saSualebebs warmoadgenen, vidre, am Sedegis gamomwvevi mizezis

aRmofxvris saSualebebs. ufro efeqturi iqneba, Tu siRrmiseulad, srulad

gaviazrebT mcire teqnologiebis siZvirisa da bazarze SeuRwevadobis an

arasakmarisi monawileobis gamomwvev mizezebs da mivmarTavT maTi aRmofxvris

RonisZiebebs. MerT-erTi umTavresi mizezi ki, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aris

masStaburi teqnologiebis dagegmareba-Sefasebis arasrulfasovano sistema. am

problemis gadaWris idea mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Seiqmnas energowyaroebis

teqnologiebis Sefasebis iseTi daxvewili sistema, romelic SemdgomSi Seamcirebs

an gamoricxavs politikisa da regulirebis sxvadasxva instrumentebis SemoRebis

saWiroebas mcire teqnologiebis bazarze SeRwevadobis uzrunvelyofisTvis. aseve

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Sefasebis sistemam ar gamoiwvios mcire teqnologiebis

teqnikuri srulyofis stimulis Semcireba an dakargva.

mZlavri magenerirebeli eleqtrosadgurebis srulfasovani dagegmareba-Sefasebis

aucileblobis sasargeblod ganvixiloT erTi magaliTi: warmovidginoT, rom

dasavleT saqarTvelos yvela mTavar energetikul mdinareze movawyveT didi

wyalsacaviani eleqtrosadgurebis kaskadebi. წyalsacavebis kaSxalebi TiTqmis

mTlianad Seakaveben myar Camonadens, romlebic Savi zRvis sanapiros mdgradobaSi

iRebda monawileobas. droTa ganmavlobaSi, wairecxeba da daikargeba sanapiro

teritoriebis didi nawili zRvis sanapiro zolis myari nataniT bunebrivi,

perioduli kvebis Sewyvetis gamo. saqarTvelo ZiriTadad mTagoriani qveyanaa.

წyalsacavebi ki mTis xeobebSi, ZiriTadad mdinaris Sua da qveda welSi ewyoba,

sadac mosaxleobis ZiriTadi nawilia gansaxlebuli.Aaqedan gamomdinare, did

dartymas miiRebs mTis mosaxleoba, xeli Seewyoba saqarTvelos mTavari

kulturuli memkvidreobis – sxvadasxva kuTxis eTnokulturuli potencialisa da

Rirebulebebis degradacia – gaqrobas, gaizrdeba wyalsacavebze seismuri

zemoqmedebisagan gamowveuli katastrofis riski, gaqreba migraciuli ixtiofauna

da ase Semdeg.

rekomendaciebi:

1. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis ganviTarebisTvis, upirvelesad ki,

didi simZlavris wyalsacaviani hesebis dagegmarebisTvis uaRresad

mniSvnelovania (upirvelesi amocanaa) garemoze zemoqmedebis daxvewili

Sefasebis sistemis SemuSaveba, romelic erTiani normatiuli dokumenti gaxdeba

19

da Secvlis saqarTveloSi dRes daSvebul garemoze zemoqmedebis TviTSefasebis

saeWvo sistemebs, riTac xelmZRvaneloben investorebi.

am mimarTulebiT gadaudebeli da seriozuli, fundamenturi kvlevaa saWiro,

romelic, mravali faqtoris gamo, garkveul dros daiWers. manamde ki

SesaZlebelia evrokavSiris qveynebSi aprobirebuli politikisa da regulirebis

yvelaze efeqturi instrumentebis Seswavla, saqarTvelos pirobebisTvis

morgeba da droebiT danergva.

2. aucilebelia kanonmdeblobis doneze moxdes terminis – “energiis ganaxlebadi

wyaroebis” mkafio ganmarteba. swori iqneba Tu kanonmdeblobaSi gamoviyenebT

erT termins – “energiis ganaxlebad wyaroebs” (da ara “ganaxlebad energiis

wyaroebs”), romlebSic moviazrebT ganaxlebad energoresursebze momuSave im

did eleqtrosadgurebsac, romlebic naklebad mgrZnobiare garemoSia

ganxorcielebuli da garemoze mcire zemoqmedebas axdenen.

xarvezi: “deregulirebis” da “tradiciuli da energiis alternatiuli wyaroebis

gamoyenebis Tanabar pirobebSi moqcevis” mizanSeuwonloba sxva mniSvnelovani

pirobebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe.

komentari:

saxelmwifos mier egw-is xelSewyobis Sesabamisi debulebebiT (amocanebiT)

aRiarebuli kursi winaaRmdegobaSia “saqarTvelos energetikul seqtorSi

saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis” Semdeg sxva amocanebTan:

eleqtroeneregetikuli seqtoris etapobrivi liberalizacia, deregulireba

(punqti 1).

“pirvel etapze mcire simZlavris (10 mgvt-mde) hidroeleqtrosadgurebis

deregulirebis uzrunvelyofa” (Tavi II, muxli 2, punqti 2.2 qvepunqti 1).

“alternatiuli energiis wyaroebis gamoyeneba imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

tradiciuli da alternatiuli energiis wyaroebis gamoyeneba Tanabar

pirobebSi moeqceva.” (Tavi II, muxli 2, punqti 2.2 qvepunqti 3).

tradiciuli da energiis alternatiuli wyaroebis gamoyenebis Tanabar pirobebSi

moqcevas emsaxureba “eleqtroenergetikisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb“

saqarTvelos kanonis debuleba, romlis Tanaxmadac, saqarTvelos mTavrobas,

eleqtroenergetikuli sistemis komerciul operatorsa da Sesabamis pirs

(investori) Soris SeTanxmebisa da eleqtroenergiis nasyidobis xelSekrulebis

gaformebis SemTxvevaSi, esko ganaxorcielebs axladaSenebuli eleqtrosadguris

(warmoebis licenziati an/da mcire simZlavris eleqtrosadguri) mier warmoebuli

eleqtroenergiis (simZlavris) savaldebulo wesiT Sesyidvas moqmedi

kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. aRniSnuli sakiTxi regulirdeba saqarTvelos

mTavrobis 2008 wlis 19 aprilis # 107 dadgenilebiT “saxelmwifo programa

“ganaxlebadi energia 2008” saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiis axali wyaroebis

mSeneblobis uzrunvelyofis wesis damtkicebis Taobaze”.

20

daskvna: saqarTvelos buneba marTlac iZleva energiis alternatiuli wyaroebis

anu, egw-is ganviTarebis saukeTeso saSualebas, magram samwuxarod, dRes moqmedi

saqarTvelos energetikuli politika da kanonmdebloba ar iZleva amis saSualebas.

deregulireba energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli

faqtoria im SemTxvevaSi, roca: a) moqmedebs garemoze zemoqmedebis arsebuli

dauxvewavi sistema da b) egw-is sabazro ekonomikis principebTan Tavsebadi

wamaxalisebeli politikuri instrumentebis mwvave deficiti gvaqvs. aseT

viTarebaSi egw-is mcire teqnologiebi deregulirebis pirobebSi bazarze

konkurencias ver uweven tradiciul, mZlavr teqnologiebs (magaliTad, mcire

hesebi did hesebs da ase Semdeg). amitom, “deregulireba” da “tradiciuli da

energiis alternatiuli wyaroebis gamoyenebis Tanabar pirobebSi moqceva”

garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis arsebuli, dauxvewavi sistemis SenarCunebisa da

egw-is sabazro ekonomikis pirobebTan Tavsebadi mastimulirebeli politikis

instrumentebis mwvave deficitis pirobebSi ver CaiTvleba “ganaxlebadi

(alternatiuli) energiis wyaroebis upiratesi aTvisebis” RonisZiebebad.

rekomendaciebi:

“tradiciuli da energiis alternatiuli (ganaxlebadi) wyaroebis gamoyenebis

Tanabar sabazro pirobebSi moqceva mizanSewonilia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca

iarsebebs:

1. garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis iseTi daxvewili erTiani sistema, romelic

Tanabar da realur pirobebs uzrunvelyofs “tradiciuli da alternatiuli

(ganaxlebadi) energiis wyaroebis teqnologiebis SefasebisTvis (“Tanabar da

realur pirobebSi” igulisxmeba garemoze zemoqmedebis yvela faqtorisa da

Sesabamisad, aucileblad gasawevi yvela xarjis srulfasovani gaTvaliswinebis

uzrunvelyofa energowyaros aRniSnuli orive tipisTvis);

2. egw-is ganviTarebis wamaxalisebeli da sabazro ekonomikis principebTan

Tavsebadi politikis efeqturi instrumentebi.

xarvezi: egw gamoyenebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb kanonis ararseboba.

komentari: saqarTveloSi amJamad ar arsebobs specialuri sakanonmdeblo aqtebi,

romlebic zogadad egw aTvisebis sakiTxebs daaregulirebs.

eleqtroenergetikuli seqtoris arsebuli kanonmdebloba aregulirebs mxolod

egw-iT eleqtroenergiis warmoebis zogierTs sakiTxs, rac ver uzrunvelyofs

energiis yvela saxis ganaxlebadi wyaros (mzis, biogazis, biomasis, geoTermul

wylebis da SeSis) ganviTarebas.

aRniSnulis garda, mniSvnelovani problemaa kanonmdeblobis xSiri cvla.

kanonmdeblobaSi xSiri cvlilebebi qmnis sainvesticio garemos arastabilur

imijs, rac, bunebrivia, negatiurad aisaxeba investiciebis mozidvaze.

rekomendacia: aucilebelia, SemuSavdes da miRebul iqnas kanoni egw gamoyenebis

ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom rogorc axali

kanoni, ise arsebul kanonmdeblobaSi Sesatani cvlilebebi safuZvlianad da

21

xangrZlivi perspeqtiviT unda iyos SemuSavebuli da miRebuli, rac gazrdis

potenciuri investorebis interesebs.

xarvezi: egw-is ganviTarebis strategiis ararseboba

komentari: aRsaniSnavia, rom ar arsebobs energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis

ganviTarebisadmi miZRvnili raime strategiuli mniSvnelobis dokumenti.

saqarTvelos prezidentis 1998 wlis 3 martis brZanebulebiT damtkicda

“saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo programa”.

aRniSnuli koncefcia moicavs iseT debulebebs rogoricaa:

• 10-12 procentiani saxelmwifo subsidireba sufTa energiis gamomuSavebisaTvis;

• gamomuSavebuli energiis fiqsirebuli fasiT Sesyidvis garantia;

• sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi sufTa energiis gamomuSavebisaTvis;

• da a.S.

saxelmwifo struqturebs Tavis droze miecaT aRniSnuli konceptualuri

programis ganviTarebis davaleba, magram, samwuxarod, zemoxsenebuli brZanebuleba

ar Sesrulda da ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo

programa ar Camoyalibda.

aSS-is saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos dafinansebiT arasamTavrobo

organizaciam `msoflio gamocdileba saqarTvelosTvis~ 2008 wlis TebervalSi

daasrula kvleva ganaxlebadi energiis gamoyenebis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT.

2008 wlis Semodgomaze unda momxdariyo Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo aqtis miReba

kvlevis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT. samwuxarod, aRniSnul periods daemTxva

msoflio finansuri krizisis dawyeba da ruseT-saqarTvelos samxedro konfliqti.

sabolood, dagegmili ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi ar gaxorcielda.

saxelwifo programebis Sedgena erT-erTi mTavari pirobaa egw aTvisebis swrafi

tempiT ganviTarebisaTvis. aRniSnuli programebi unda Seicavden realistur

raodenobriv (simZlavre, gamomuSaveba) parametrebs gawerils droSi. სaxelmwifos

mier egw-is mimarT aRiarebul xelSewyobis mizans akninebs is garemoebac, rom

amJamad moqmed “saqarTvelos energetikul seqtorSi saxelmwifo politikis

ZiriTad mimarTulebebSi” mocemulia mxolod mcire hesebis da qaris energetikis

ganviTarebis ZiriTadi raodenobrivi maCveneblebi 2015 wlamde periodisTvis,

magram araferia naTqvami energiis sxva ganaxlebad wyaroebze. Tumca, mcire

hesebisa da qaris energetikisTvis dadgenili niSnulebic ver iqna miRweuli.

magaliTad, mcire hesebidan warmoebuli eleqtroenergia 2010 wlisTvis unda

yofiliyo 550 mln.Kkvt. sT. realurad ki am maCvenebelma amave wlisTvis Seadgina

317 mln. kvt.sT (saprognozo maCveneblis 58 %). qaris sadgurebis mier

gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergia 2010 wlisTvis unda yofiliyo 611 mln.kvt.sT (es

TiTqmis 2-jer metia, vidre mcire hesebis realuri maCvenebeli amave wels, rac

aSkarad ararealuria). realurad miRweuli Sedegi ver iqna dadgenili, radgan

qaris sadgurebis mier gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis maCvenebeli ar aris

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mocemuli energetikul balansebSi. zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, aRniSnul

dokumentSi moyvanali 2015 wlamde ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi friad saeWvoa,

radgan mocemuli saprognozo maCveneblebi sakmaod ararealuria.A

rekomendacia: unda daixvewos mcire hesebisa da qaris energetikis samoqmedo

gegmebi. Uaucilebelia, SemuSavdes energiis sxva ganaxlebadi wyaroebis mzis,

biomasis, biogazis, biosawvavis, geoTermuli wylebis gamoyenebis kargad

dasabuTebuli analogiuri grZelvadiani samoqmedo gegmebi.

xarvezi: sadgurebis dagegmareba-mSeneblobisTvis moqmedi teqnikuri standartebis

evrokavSiris qveynebis teqnikur standartebTan Seusabamoba

komentari: ucxoel investorebTan urTierTobis dros problemas qmnis sabWoTa

kavSiris droindeli samSeneblo normebisa da standartebis sistemac, romliTac

amJamad xelmZRvaneloben qarTveli damgegmareblebi.

rekomendacia: saWiroa, SemoRebul iqnas Tanamedrove, evrokavSiris standartebTan

SesabamisobaSi myofi teqnikuri standartebi sadgurebis dagegmareba-

mSeneblobisTvis, rac mniSvnelovnad gauadvilebs qarTvel damgegmareblebsa da

ucxoel investorebs sadgurebis dagegmareba-mSeneblobas.

xarvezi: mcire hesebis mier eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis sezonurobis satarifo

politikaSi arasakmarisad gaTvaliswineba.

komentari: eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis mkveTri sezonuroba (damokidebuleba

mdinaris Camonadenze, klimatur pirobebze). Eleqtroenergiis maqsimaluri

gamomuSaveba modis gazafxulis da zafxulis Tveebze, rodesac qveyanaSi

eleqtroenergiis gamomuSaveba aWarbebs moTxovnas mis moxmarebaze; amis gamo, mcire

hesebs uWirT didi hesebisTvis bazarze konkurenciis gaweva. amaze metyvelebs is

faqti, rom 2010 wlis monacemebiT, saSualod, mcire hesebis daaxloebiT 63

procentze meti amjobinebs eleqtroenergia standartuli wesiT miyidos eskos,

radgan ver axerxebs, bazarze pirdapiri xelSekrulebebiT eleqtroenergiis ufro

xelsayrel fasad gayidvas. Tumca, eskoc ver sTavazobs mcire hesebis mepatroneebs

stabilurad maRal fasebs. SeTavazebuli fasebi atarebs sezonur xasiaTs,

gazafxul-zafxulis oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, rodesac sistemaSi

eleqtroenergiis siWarbe aRiniSneba, fasebi Zalze dabalia (saSualod, 1.17 TeTri).

danarCen periodSi, gansakuTrebiT, zamTris TveebSi, ki, roca mcire hesebze

gamomuSaveba isedac naklebia, Sesyidvis fasebi gacilebiT maRalia (saSualod, 9

TeTri).

rekomendacia: sasurvelia, kidev ufro daixvewos satarifo politika mcire

hesebisTvis SedarebiT maRali, stabiluri da grZelvadiani tarifebis

uzrunvelyofis mimarTulebiT im mizniT, rom mcire hesebisTvis gaadvildes da

momgebiani gaxdes eleqtroenergiis bazarze vaWroba SemsyidvelebTan pirdapiri

xelSekrulebebis gaformebis gziT.

23

xarvezi: gamanawilebel eleqtrul qselebSi mcire hesebis eleqtroenergiis

gatarebis gadasaxadis aragonivruli sidide

komentari: marTalia, egw-ebze (mcire hesebze) gamomuSavebuli energiis tarifebis

deregulireba moxda, magram gadamcem da gamanawilebel eleqtrul qselebSi

eleqtroenergiis gatarebis gadasaxadi ganawilebis tarifis Tanazomadia, rac

sakmaod maRali da aragonivrulia. mcire eleqtrosadgurebis mier gamomuSavebuli

eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebeli elqtruli qseliT sxva momxmarebelze miwodeba

dabalkonkurentuli gaxada gatarebis sididis gamo. es garemoeba zRudavs mcire

hesebs da aferxebs sabazro urTierTobebs

rekomendacia: gadamcem da gamanawilebel eleqtrul qselebSi eleqtroenergiis

gatarebis gadasaxadis gaangariSebis srulyofili meTodikis SemuSaveba, romelic

uzrunvelyofs mcire sadgurebisTvis eleqtroenergiis gatarebis minimalur

gadasaxads.

xarvezi: qselze mierTebis procedurebisa da fasebis dadgenis meTodologiis

ararseboba

komentari: proeqtis xarjebSi damatebiT sirTules qmnis is garemoeba, rom ar aris

damuSavebuli qselze mierTebis procedurebi da fasebis dadgenis meTodologia,

romelic mcire hesebs qselze mierTebisTvis gasawevi xarjebis winaswar dadgenis

SesaZleblobas miscems, qselis kompaniasTan SeTanxmebis gareSe.

rekomendacia: SesamuSavebeli da dasamtkicebelia saqselo kodeqsi da mierTebis

wesebi, sadac mocemuli iqneba qselze mierTebis procedurebi da fasebis dadgenis

gamWvirvale meTodologia.

xarvezi: egw eleqtroenergiis gasaRebis bazris simZime.

komentari: zafxulSi Warbi eleqtroenergia fiqsirdeba hidroenergoresursebis

mkveTri sezonuri xasiaTis gamo, romlis realizebac gaZnelebulia, radgan,

samwuxarod, regionuli bazris efeqturi meqanizmebi jer kidev ar arsebobs.

amdenad, am periodSi qveynis SigniT, ar arsebobs moTxovna axali mcire hesebis, an

qaris eleqtrosadgurebis eleqtroenergiaze.

rekomendacia: aucilebelia zafxulis Warbi eleqtroenergiis gayidvis an gacvlis

stabiluri sabazro meqanizmis Seqmna. eleqtroenergiis regionuli bazris

ganviTareba xels Seuwyobda egw sadgurebis ganviTarebas.

xarvezi: egw-ze gamomuSavebuli energiis grZelvadiani tarifebis dadgenis

gamWirvale da srulyofili meTodologiis ararseboba

komentari: ar arsebobsEegw-ze gamomuSavebuli energiis grZelvadiani tarifebis

dadgenis gamWirvale da srulyofili meTodologia (aseTi meTodologia arsebobs

mxolod eleqtrosadgurebisTvis)

24

rekomendacia: saWiroa gamoyenebul iqnas Eegw-ze gamomuSavebuli energiis

grZelvadiani tarifebis dadgenis gamWirvale da srulyofili meTodologia,

romelic uzrunvelyofs Cadebuli investiciebis amonagebis ekonomikurad

dasabuTebul da investorisTvis misaReb dones.

egw teqnologiebisaTvis bazarze SeRwevis uzrunvelsayofad evrokavSiris mier

gamoyenebul instrumentebs Soris ori yvela qveyanaSia danergili. esenia:

“fiqsirebuli tarifebiT” savaldebulo Sesyidva da “mwvane sertifikatebis

yidva/gayidva”. amitom, saqarTvelos pirobebisTvis yvelaze optimaluri satarafo

sqemebis SerCevisa da danergvis mizniT, unda moxdes, “fiqsirebuli tarifis”

sxvadasxva variantebis, maTi alternatiuli variantis – “premialuri tarifisa” da

“mwvane sertifikatebis yidva/gayidvis” sqmemebis safuZvliani Seswavla da

racionaluri gadawyvetilebis miReba.

xarvezi: egw proeqtebis dafinansebis (dakreditebis) xelSemwyobi specialuri

sqemebis ararseboba.

komentari: saqarTvelos sabanko seqtori Kar aris aqtiurad CarTuli egw

aTvisebis dafinanasebaSi. zogadadEenergetika kapitaltevadi dargia, sadac

dabandebuli investiciebis amoRebas sakmaod didi dro sWirdeba (rogorc wesi 10

weli da meti). dRes saqarTvelos sakredito bazarze arsebuli saprocento

ganakveTebi (12-18%) da kreditebis gacemis vadebi (10 welze naklebi), ar aris

efeqturi grZelvadiani energetikuli proeqtebis dasafinanseblad.

rekomendacia: saqarTvelos mTavrobam, saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebTan

aqtiuri TanamSromlobiT unda SeimuSaos egw proeqtebis dafinansebis

(dakreditebis) xelSemwyobi specialuri sqemebi.

xarvezi: sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis, rogorc politikis instrumentis

gamouyenebloba egw ganviTarebis xelSewyobis mizniT

komentari: sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba mniSvnelovan SeRavaTebs iTvaliswinebda

ganaxlebadi energiisTvis 2005 wlis 1 ianvramde:

energoefeqtiani mowyobilobis da ganaxlebadi wyaroebis aTvisebis

mowyobilobis damzadebis da realizaciisaTvis gamoyenebuli miwis nakveTebi

gaTavisuflebuli iyo miwis gadasaxadisgan (Tavi 24. muxli 158.1.r);

igive saqmianoba ar ibegreboda mogebis gadasaxadiT (Tavi 5. muxli 47.k);

igive mowyobilobis importi gaTavisuflebuli iyo damatebiTi Rirebulebis

gadasaxadisgan (Tavi 14, muxli 101.S)

amJamad moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsi da sabaJo kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs

raime SeRavaTebs ganaxlebadi energiis aTvisebis an energoefeqturi

mowyobilobebisTvis.

rekomendacia: egw ganviTarebis xelSewyoba ganxorcieldes sagadasaxado

waxalisebiT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.

25

xarvezi: egw-is xelSewyobisTvis mmarTvelobis adgilobrivi organoebis

uflebebisa da dainteresebis efeqturi meqanizmebis ararseboba.

komentari: mmarTvelobis adgilobrivi organoebi egw aTvisebaSi mTel msoflioSi

erT-erT mTavar rols TamaSoben. maTzea damokidebuli miwiT sargeblobis

nebarTvebis gacema, proeqtebis SeTanxmeba da sxva. Ggarda amisa, mmarTvelobis

adgilobrivi organoebi egw gamoyenebas xels uwyoben adgilobrivi gadadsaxadebis

Semcirebis (an gauqmebis), egw-dan miRebuli energiis Sesyidvis, SeRavaTiani

kreditebis gacemis, sainformacio da sakonsultacio momsaxurebisa da sxva

mimarTulebebiT. saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT mmarTvelobis

adgilobrivi organoebis ufleba_movaleobebi am mimarTulebiT praqtikulad ar

aris gansazRvruli. maTi roli Semoifargleba 2 mgvt-mde simZlavris

sadgurebisaTvis mSeneblobis nebarTvebis gacemiT. regionebis umetesobaSi egw

ganviTareba ZiriTad, kerZo iniciativebzea damokidebuli da mmarTvelobis

adgilobrivi organoebi aqtiurad ar monawileoben aRniSnuli iniciatebis

stimulirebaSi

rekomendacia: saxelmwifom unda SeimuSaos da gaataros mmarTvelobis

adgilobrivi organoebis uflebebisa da dainteresebis gazrdis efeqturi

meqanizmebi egw-is xelSewyobis mizniT.

xarvezi: egw-is gamoyenebis ganviTarebis samTavrobo struqturuli erTeulis

ararseboba.

komentari: saqarTveloSi ar arsebsebobs samTavrobo struqturuli erTeuli

romelsac eqneba egw ganviTarebis valdebuleba, konkretuli orientirebi da maTi

miRwevisaTvis sakmarisi berketebi.

rekomendacia: aucilebelia samTavrobo struqturuli erTeulis arseboba

(magaliTad, egw-is gamoyenebis ganviTarebis erovnuli saagento), romelsac eqneba

egw ganviTarebis valdebuleba, konkretuli orientirebi da maTi miRwevisaTvis

sakmarisi berketebi.

xarvezi: konkurenciis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi efeqturi sakanonmdeblo da

institucionaluri instrumentebis ararseboba

komentari: saqarTvelos eleqtroenergetikuli seqtori xasiaTdeba oligopoluri

bazris niSnebiT, anu am bazarze arsebobs vertikalurad integrirebuli mxolod

ramodenime msxvili kompania (Telasi, energo-pro jorjia, kaxeTis distribucia),

romelTaganac Telasi da energo-pro jorjia floben rogorc gamanawilebel

qselebs, ise eleqtrosadgurebsac.Bbazris liberalizaciisa da konkurenciis

ganviTarebisTvis evrokavSiri da energetikuli gaerTianeba iTxoven

eleqtroenergiis warmoebisa da ganawilebis biznesebis gancalkevebas.Aaseve,

26

yuradsaRebia is garemoebac, rom amJamad dadgenili bazris segmentis flobis

niSnuli Zalze maRalia.

saqarTvelos energetikul seqtorSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebis” mixedviT “pirs an pirTa jgufs ara aqvs ufleba, flobdes

eleqtroenergiis warmoebis an ganawilebis (pirdapiri momxmareblebisTvis

gatarebuli eleqtroenergiis gamoklebiT) mTliani moculobis 70 %-ze mets”.

sasurvelia, rom sxvadasxva qveynis gamocdilebisa da saqarTvelos pirobebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, es maCvenebeli ar aRematebodes 30 %-s.

rekomendacia: saqarTvelos mTavrobam unda daZlios adgilobrivi monopoluri

(gazis seqtorSi) da oligopoluri (eleqtroenergetikul seqtorSi) xasiaTis

bazrebze moTamaSe monopolisti da dominanti energetikuli kompaniebis

interesebis gavlena da daaCqaros konkurenciis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi

efeqturi sakanonmdeblo da institucionaluri RonisZiebebis gatareba.

antimonopoliuri RonisZiebebi (bazris segmentis flobis limitireba, sxvadasxva

saxis biznesebis gancalkeveba da sxva) xels Seuwyobda arsebuli msxvili

kompaniebis aRniSnuli kanonmdeblobis CarCoSi moqcevas da bazarze axali

moTamaSeebis gamoCenas.

xarvezi: monopoliuri fasebisa da sxva pirobebisagan momxmareblis dacvis

ukiduresad dabali done

komentari: saqarTvelos energetikul seqtorSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebis” Sesaxeb dokumentis me-7 paragrafis 1-el da me-2 punqtebSi weria:

“1. tarifi unda icavdes momxmarebels monopoliuri fasebisagan da amavdroulad

energosistemas unda aZlevdes, mdgradi finansuri da teqnikuri ganviTarebis

saSualebas. am miznebis misaRwevad satarifo meTodologia sxvadasxva tipis

momxmareblebisTvis SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes:

sezonur tarifebs;

pikuri datvirTvis (sadReRamiso) tarifebs;

bijur (moxmarebis moculobaze dafuZnebul) tarifebs;

grZelvadian, winaswar dafiqsirebul (maT Soris, zRvrul) tarifebs;

zRvrul tarifebs

2. sezonuri da pikuri datvirTvis (sadReRamiso) tarifebi unda efuZnebodes

neitralur princips, maTi gamoyeneba savaldebulo ar unda iyos eleqtroenergiis

gamyidvelebisa da momxmareblebisTvis da gamoyeneba unda moxdes gamyidvelisa da

momxmareblis urTierTSeTanxmebis safuZvelze”.

arsebuli monopoliuri da oligopoliuri bazris pirobebSi naklebad

SesaZlebelia, moxdes gamyidvelsa da momxmarebels Soris SeTanxmeba

eleqtroenergiis sezonuri da pikuri datvirTvis (sadReRamiso) tarifebze, radgan

momxmarebeli yovelTvis iZulebuli iqneba daTanxmdes 70 % bazris segmentis

mflobeli monopolistis pirobebs. amitom, es punqti, faqtobrivad, umoqmedoa da

27

winaaRmdegobrivia amave paragrafis 1-el punqtTan, sadac aRniSnulia, rom tarifi

unda icavdes momxmarebels monopoliuri fasebisgan.

rekomendacia: aRniSnuli debuleba unda Seicvalos imis Sesabamisad, rom tarifi

realurad icavdes momxmarebels monopoliuri pirobebisgan, m.S. monopoliuri

fasebisgan.É

xarvezi: erTi samarTlebrivi urTierTobiT gansazRvruli valdebulebis sxva,

sruliad damoukidebeli samarTlebrivi urTierTobiT daregulireba

(valdebulebiTi samarTlis fuZemdebluri principebis uxeSi darRveva)

komentari: saqarTvelos xelisuflebis ukanaskneli uprecendento novaciaa

dasufTavebisa da wyalmomaragebis gadasaxadebis gadaxdis dakavSireba

eleqtroenergiiT momaragebis momsaxurebasTan. kerZod, dasufTavebisa da wylis

gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi, momxmarebels uwydeba eleqtroenergiiT

momaragebis momsaxureba.

TiToeuli zemoxsenebuli momsaxureba sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis

sferoebs ganekuTvnebian. erTi samarTlebrivi urTierTobiT gansazRvruli

valdebulebis, magaliTad, wylis an dasufTavebis gadasaxadis gadaxdis

valdebulebis, sxva, magaliTad, eleqtoenergiiT momaragebis momsaxurebis

samarTlebrivi urTierTobiT daregulireba Tavdayira ayenebs valdebulebiTi

samarTlis normebs. es wesi uxeSad arRvevs momxmareblis uflebebsa da principSi,

is miuRebeli unda iyos energosadistribucio kompaniisTvisac. aRniSnuli wesi

zians ayenebs energoseqtorSi, m.S. energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ganviTarebis

sferoSi saerTo sainvesticio garemosac. am wesis SemoRebis Mmizezad

dasaxelebulia dasufTavebisa da wylis gadasaxadebis gadaxdis administrirebis

sirTule (ver xdeba momsaxurebis Sewyveta da gadasaxadebis amoReba

gadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi). dadebiT momentad ki gadasaxadebis gadaxdis

administrirebis gamujobesebasTan erTad saxeldeba isev socialuri motivebiT

gajerebuli garemoeba, rom mravalsulian ojaxebs gadaxdis axali wesiT

SeumcirdebaT dasufTavebis gadasaxadi (axali wesiT dasufTavebis gadasaxadia: 5%

yovelTviurad moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiisa, gamoxatuli larebSi).

rekomendacia: momxmarebelTa elementaruli uflebebis dacvis, konkurenciis

ganviTarebisa da sainvesticio garemos gauaresebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT

dauyovnebliv unda gauqmdes SemoRebuli wesi, romelic dasufTavebisa da

wyalmomaragebis gadasaxadebis gadaxdas akavSirebs eleqtroenergiiT momaragebis

momsaxurebasTan.

xarvezi: socialuri motivebis gaTvaliswineba tarifebSi, rac miuRebelia

liberaluri sabazro ekonomikisTvis.

komentari: energetikuli politikis igive dokumentis me-7 paragrafis me-3 punqtis

Sesabamisad, gaTvaliswinebulia, bijuri (moxmarebis moculobaze da neitralur

28

principze dafuZnebuli) tarifebis eleqtroenergiis momxmareblebsa da

gamyidvelebs Soris savaldebulo gamoyeneba.

kompania “Telasis” veb-gverdze vkiTxulobT:

bijuri tarifebi SemoRebulia mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis damatebiTi

garantiebis Sesaqmnelad da eleqtroenergiis racionaluri gamoyenebis

xelSewyobisTvis, dadgenilia moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis moculobis

Sesabamisad:

Tbilisis macxovreblebisTvis, romlebic arian ss “Telasis” abonentebi 220/380

volt Zabvaze, eleqtroenergiis Sesyidvis tarifebia dRg-s CaTvliT:

100 kvt sT-mde moxmarebisTvis - 13.480 TeTri;

101 kvt sT–dan 301 kvt sT – moxmarebisTvis – 16.00 TeTri;

301 kvt sT da meti eleqtroeneriis moxmarebisTvis 17.697 TeTri.

bijuri tarifebi srul winaaRmdegobaSia sabazro principebTan. sabazro

principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, naklebs ixdis is, vinc met energias yidulobs.

bijuri tarifis dRes momqmedi principiT ki naklebs ixdis is, vinc nakleb

eleqtroenergias yidulobs. maSasadame, tarifebi dadgenilia ara kompaniis

danaxarjebis mixedviT, aramed socialuri motivebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

rekomendacia: dRes moqmed bijur tarifs fsevdosocialuri datvirTva gaaCnia.

sabazro ekonomika ar gulisxmobs kompaniebis mier socialuri motivebis

gaTvaliswinebas. rasakvirvelia, biznesisadmi socialuri tvirTis akideba

afrTxobs civilizebul investorebs. Socialuri SeRavaTebi gaTvaliswinebul

unda iyos specialuri saxelmwifo socialuri programebiT.

xarvezi: sabazro ekonomikis principebis gauTvaliswineblobiT tarifebis

diferencireba ara danaxarjebis, aramed momxmarebelTa kategoriis mixedviT.

komentari: energetikuli politikis igive dokumentis me-7 paragrafis me-5 punqtis

Sesabamisad, ”tarifi unda asaxavdes momxmarebelTa sxvadasxva kategoriis

momsaxurebis Rirebulebas”

rekomendacia: sabazro ekonomikis principebis gaTvaliswinebiT tarifebis

diferencireba unda xdebodes danaxarjebis mixedviT. dauSvebelia,

diskriminaciulia, sxvadasxva kategoriis momxmareblebisTvis sxvadasxva tarifebis

daweseba erTi da igive danaxarjebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. magaliTad, Tu erTi

da igive Zabvis eleqtroenergia vawvdiT mobinadres da ind. mewarmes da

danaxarjebi TiToeuli maTganis momsaxurebaze erTi da igivea, ar unda dawesdes

sxvadasxva tarifebi.

xarvezi: egw-is ganviTarebis mxardamWeri saerTaSoriso instituciebis da

programebis SesaZleblobebis, sxva saerTaSoriso resursebis arasakmarisad

gamoyeneba.

29

komentari: egw-is ganviTarebisTvis damxmare saerTaSoriso instruments

warmoadgens energetikuli gaerTianeba.

energetikuli gaerTianebis Seqmnis mizania kontraqtor (wevr) qveynebsa da

evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Soris saerTo bazrisa da sainvesticio sivrcis Seqmna.

aRniSnuli miznis miRwevisTvis kontraqtorma qveynebma energetikisa da garemos

dacvis kanonmdebloba da regulaciebi SesabamisobaSi unda moiyvanon evrokavSiris

qveynebis kanonmdeblobasa da regulaciebTan.

energetikuli gaerTianebis wevrebia: albaneTi, bosnia-hercegovina, Kkosovo,

moldova, montenegro, makedonia, serbeTi, ukraina, xorvatia. saqarTvelo am

gaerTianebis damkvirvebeli wevria 2007 wlis dekembridan. damkvirvebeli wevrebia

TurqeTica da norvegiac.

evrokavSiris kidev erTi saerTaSoriso daxmarebis instrumentia programa INOGATE.

energetikis saministro ganixilavs aRniSnuli programis gamoyenebis

SesaZleblobebs. Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom am programis SesaZleblobebi ar

aris srulad gaazrebuli, sazogadoebisTvis saTanadod gacnobili da

gamoyenebuli.

kiotos protokolis “sufTa ganviTarebis meqanizmi” (sgm) mniSvnelovani

dafinansebis wyaros warmoadgens. saqarTvelosTvis is qmnis mniSvnelovan

SesaZleblobas naxSirbadis (CO2) saerTaSoriso bazarze, saTburi gazis emisiis

kvotebis gayidviT moizidos investiciebi aTobiT milioni dolaris odenobiT

ekologiurad sufTa teqnologiebSi.

sgm-iT saqarTveloSi ganxorcielda da xorcieldeba ramodenime proeqti,

romelTagan mniSvnelovania nagavsayreli gazis utilizaciis proeqti Tbilisis

maxloblad iaponuri kompaniiis monawileobiT, engurhesis ganaxlebis proeqti

EBRD-Tan erTad.

2007 wlis 31 agvistos, saerTaSoriso rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis

bankis (msoflio banki), “saTemo ganviTarebis naxSirbadis fondisa” da

saqarTvelos “energoefeqturobis centr”-s Soris xeli moewera emisiis

Semcirebis Sesyidvis xelSekrulebas. es aris kiotos oqmis “sufTa

ganviTarebis meqanizmis” pirveli xelSekruleba saqarTveloSi.

xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad “energoefeqturobis centri saqarTvelo” aris

proeqtis ganmxorcielebeli organo da USAID-is mier dafinanseuli

proeqtisfarglebSi “energetikis ganviTareba soflad”, Winrock Int. da PA Consulting-is

mier reabilitirebuli 9 mcire hesis mier, 7 wlis (2008-2015ww)

ganmavlobaSi, damatebiT generirebuli sufTa eleqtroenergiis safuZvelze

miRebuli emisiis Semcirebis serTifikatebs miyidis msoflio banks.

kiotos SeTanxmebas 2012 wels gaudis vada, magram, savaraudoa, rom mas Secvlis

ufro daxvewili meqanizmi, romelic ufro meti dafinansebis miRebis

SesaZleblobas gaaCens saqarTvelosTvis ganaxlebadi energiis proeqtebis

30

gansaxorcieleblad. gansakuTrebulad sainteresoa e.w. programuli midgomis

gamoyeneba, romelic mcire zomis egw proeqtebis erTiani programis farglebSi

ganxilvis saSualebas iZleva.

rekomendaciebi:

1. saqarTvelom unda daaCqaros energetikul gaerTianebaSi gawevrianebisTvis

saWiro safuZvlebis Seqmna, radgan:

energetikuli gaerTianeba damxmare saerTaSoriso organizaciaa energetikul

seqtorSi evrointegraciisTvis, romelic iTvaliswinebs egw-is

xelSewyobasac. saqarTvelom energetikul gaerTianebaSi gawevrianebiT

SeiZleba evrokavSirisa da energetikuli gaerTianebisgan finansuri da

teqnikuri daxmareba miiRos reformebis gatarebisTvis. energetikuli

gaerTianebis moTxovnebis Sesruleba (konkurenciis pirobebis ganviTareba,

garemoze zemoqmedebis srulyofili Sefasebis sistemis SemoReba, egw-idan

eleqtroenergiis warmoebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, transportis sferoSi

biosawvavisa da energiis sxva ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis

xelSewyoba) udavod waadgeba egw-is gamoyenebis ganviTarebas.

TurqeTi, aqtiurad axorcielebs reformebs da Sida bazris gaxsnilobiT

saqarTvelo gacilebiT CamorCeba mas. saqarTvelos energetikis

damoukidebeli maregulirebeli komisiis cnobiT 2010 wlisaTvis bazris

gaxsnilobis maCvenebelma dagegmili 31% -is nacvlad, mxolod 24% Seadgina.

TurqeTis energetikuli bazris gaxsnilobis maCvenebelma ki imave 2010 wels,

36% Seadgina. aseTi CamorCena arasasurvelia, radgan gaazrebulia, rom

`energetikul gaerTianebaSi~ saqarTvelo gawevriandes TurqeTis

gawevrianebis paralelurad. (energetikul gaerTianebaSi TurqeTis

gawevrianebis gareSe ver Seiqmneba saqarTvelosa da energetikuli

gaerTianebis qveynebs Soris saerTo savaWro sivrce arsebuli geografiuli

pirobebisa da energetikis dargis specifikis gamo

2. upriania, rom energetikis saministrom SeZlos daxmarebis yvela saerTaSoriso

programisa da proeqtis, maT Soris INOGATE-is ukeT gaazreba, sazogadoebisTvis

gacnoba da gamoyeneba.

amisaTvis, energetikis saministrom unda uzrunvelyos arasamTavrobo

organizaciebisa da eqspertebis ufro metad monawileoba saerTaSoriso

daxmarebis programebsa da proeqtebSi.

3. sasurvelia, sufTa ganviTarebis meqanizmis (sgm) ufro efeqturad da farTTod

gamoyeneba, sxvadasxva donorebis iniciativebis koordinireba ganaxlebadi energiis

wyaroebis asaTviseblad.

xarvezi: arasakmarisi sainformacio, sakonsultacio da saganmanaTleblo

uzrunvelyofa

komentari: egw-is ganviTarebisTvis Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs informaciis

gavrcelebas da sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebas. am mxriv jer kidev

aradamakmayofilebeli viTarebaa saqarTveloSi.

31

rekomendacia: sasurvelia, energetikis saministrom SeimuSaos momxmareblebisa da

kerZo mewarmeebis, municipalitetebisa da Temebis ukeT informirebis programa egw

gamoyenebis sargebelsa da arsebul SesaZleblobebze programa SeiZleba

iTvaliswinebdes sainformacio kampaniebis momzadebas da warmarTvas egw

teqnologiebis, arsebuli finansuri instrumentebis da sakanonmdeblo garemos

Sesaxeb.

mniSvnelovania, agreTve praqtikuli treningebisa da sademonstracio RonisZiebebis

Catareba, sakonsultacio centrebis Camoyalibeba.

xarvezi: narCenebis energetikuli mizniT gamoyenebisTvis daxarisxeba –

gadamuSavebis sistemis ararseboba

komentari: saqarTveloSi praqtikulad ar xdeba biologiuri narCenebis

energetikuli mizniT daxarisxeba – gadamuSaveba, Tu ar CavTvliT, nagavsayrelis

gazis utilizaciis proeqts Tbilisis maxloblad iaponuri kompaniiis

monawileobiT. milionobiT tona narCeni, romlis gamoyenebac SeiZleba energiis

misaRebad, nagavsayrelebze iyreba da garemos dabinZurebis seriozuli faqtoria.

rekomendacia: biomasis energetikis ganviTarebis xelSewyobisTvis aucilebelia,

garemos dacvis mkacri kanonmdeblobis miReba narCenebis marTvis – narCenebis

gatanis, daxarisxebisa da gadamuSavebis sferoSi.

zogadi SeniSvnebi rekomendaciebze:

egw ganviTarebis sakanonmdeblo iniciativebs esaWiroeba ganxorcielebis

meqanizmebis damuSaveba, imisaTvis, rom konkretuli dadebiTi Sedegebi moitanos.

egw ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeli normatiuli da qvenormatiuli aqtebis

sistemis da meTodikebis Camoyalibeba (magaliTad, eleqtroenergiis gatarebisa

da generaciis grZelvadiani Sesasyidi tarifebis, qselze mierTebis

procedurebisa da gadasaxadebis, miwaTsargeblobis wesebis da sxvaTa

gansazRvra-dadgena) gamWvirvale da stabilur garemos Seqmnis da kanonis

zogadi principebis ganxorcielebis meqanizmebs gansazRvravs.

saxelmwifos aRebuli aqvs ekonomikis liberalizaciis kursi. aqedan

gamomdinare, upriania, rom egw-is gamoyenebis ganviTarebisTvis xelSewyobis

iseTi instrumentebi iqnas gamoyenebuli, romlebic gaiTvaliwineben sabazro

ekonomikis principebs. magaliTad, egw-Tvis sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis SemoReba

an grZelvadiani, fiqsirebuli tarifebiT egw-dan energiis savaldebulo

Sesyidvis daweseba araTanabar sabazro pirobebs qmnis da maTi gamoyeneba

mizanSewonilia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca sabazro ekonomikis principebTan

Tavsebadi sxva instrumentebi sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda egw-is stimulirebisTvis.

dasabuTebuli egw politikis Camosayalibeblad aucilebelia damatebiTi

kvleviTi samuSaoebis Catareba zemoxsenebuli rekomendaciebis Sesabamis im

sferoebSi, romlebSic ar gvaqvs sakmarisi da damajerebeli informacia

srulfasovani Sefasebebisa da saboloo konkretuli rekomendaciebisTvis.

32

daskvna

evrokavSiri Tavis politikas energetikasa da garemos dacvaSi gansazRvravs

daaxloebiT 160 direqtiviTa da regulaciiT. evrokavSiris TiToeul qveyanas

calke gaaCnia sakuTari kanonmdebloba, romelic erovnuli mTavrobebis mier

mudmivad wesrigdeba evrokavSiris normatiul aqtebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis

mizniT.

saqarTveloSi ki energetikis sferosa da garemos dacvaSi moqmedebs xelis

TiTebze CamosaTvleli ramdenime kanoni. es mianiSnebs saqarTvelos mkveTr

CamorCenaze sakanonmdeblo mimarTulebiT.

saqarTvelos energetikuli politika ar efuZneba garemos dacvis maRal

standartebs, arasakmarisad iTvaliswinebs qveynis ekonomikuri da socialuri

ganviTarebis interesebs: saqarTvelos mTavrobis dRevandeli politika

iTvaliswinebs ganaxlebadi energoresursebidan (hidroenergoresursebidan)

eleqtroenergiis warmoebis ganviTarebas ZiriTadad eqsportisTvis, garemos dacvis

Tanamedrove, evropuli standartebis Sesabamisi moTxovnebis ararsebobis

pirobebSi. nedleulis eqsportze orientacia da ara misi gamoyeneba sakuTari

warmoebebis gansaviTareblad dabali ganviTarebis (ganviTarebadi) qveynebisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebaa da aseT politikas araferi aqvs saerTo

evrokavSiris Tanamedrove politikasTan. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri, energetikuli,

socialuri, kulturuli ganviTarebisTvis gacilebiT momgebiani da mniSvnelovania

ara eleqtroenergiis, rogorc nedleulis, ZiriTadad eqsportze orientacia,

aramed, upirvelesad, mcire da saSualo energotevadi sawarmoebis

ganviTarebisTvis xelSewyoba, romlebic ganapirobeben egw-ze moTxovnilebis

gazrdas, Sesabamisad, egw-is gamoyenebis ganviTrebas, mosaxleobis dasaqmebas da

kulturuli ganviTarebisTvisac xelSewyobas.

sabolood SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saqarTveloSi energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis

normaluri ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia safuZvliani sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebebis gatareba da Sesabamisi struqturuli erTeulis, magaliTad, egw-is

gamoyenebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo saagentos Seqmna, romelsac eqneba egw

ganviTarebis valdebuleba, konkretuli orientirebi da maTi miRwevisaTvis

sakmarisi berketebi.

egw ganviTarebis konkretuli iniciativebi gaazrebuli unda iyos am dargSi

saxelmwifo strategiis da energetikuli seqtoris ganviTarebis erTiani gegmis

farglebSi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, unda emyarebodes evropul sabazro ekonomikisa

da gamWvirvalobis aRiarebul principebs, pasuxobdes qveynis optimaluri da

mdgradi ganviTarebis interesebs.

vaxtang zarqua

noemberi, 2011

33

danarTi 1

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebis

politikis mimoxilva evropis ganviTrebul qveynebSi

evrokavSiris ganaxlebadi energoresursebis aTvisebis politikis

koncefcia

ganaxlebadia energiis is arawiaRiseuli wyaroebi, romelTa maragi ar ileva

adamianis mier maTi moxmarebis Sedegad. evrokavSiris 2001/77/EC3 direqtivis

mixedviT, ganaxlebadi energoresursebia (RES):

• qaris energia (xmeleTze da zRvaze);

• mzis energia (fotoelementebi da mzis Tburi energia);

• geoTermuli energia

• hidroenergia (mcire da didi simZlavris)

• talRis energia

• moqcevis energia

• biomasa

• biogazi (maT Soris nagavsayrelidan da kanalizaciidan miRebuli gazi)

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebidan sxvadasxva gziT SeiZleba miviRoT Tburi,

eleqtro da meqanimkuri energia.

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis wili wiaRiseul wyaroebTan SedarebiT

sakmaod dabalia maRali Rirebulebis gamo. Tumca, garemosa da adamianis

janmrTelobaze negatiuri zemoqmedeba, maT Soris globaluri klimaturi

cvlilebebi, navTobisa da sxva wiaRiseuli energowyaroebis Semcireba da

energiaze fasebis mateba, ganapirobebs ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis mimarT

mzard yuradRebas.

ratom aris egw teqnologiebi Zviri tradiciulTan SedarebiT?

mTavari problema isaa, rom ganaxlebadi energoresursebis gamoyeneba ufro Zviri

jdeba, vidre wiaRiseuli sawvavisa. Sesabamisad, egw teqnologiebis

konkurentunarianoba bazarze arasakmarisia energiis tradiciuli wyaroebis (etw)

gamoyenebis teqnologiebTan SedarebiT. evropasa da mTel msoflioSi mimdinareobs

aqtiuri muSaoba ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis gamoyenebis teqnologiuri

srulyofis mimarTulebiT ganaxlebad energiaze fasebis Semcirebis mizniT. Tumca,

marto teqnologiuri dauxvewaoba ar aris egw teqnologiebis siZviris mizezi.

34

damkvidrebuli praqtikis mixedviT, ganaxlebadi da araganxlebadi energiis

wyaroebis gamoyenebis teqnologiebis Sedarebisa da Sefasebisas energiis

araganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis teqnologiebisTvis srulad ar xdeba

mravali faqtoris, maT Soris, garemosdacviTi, saTburis efeqtis mqone gazebis da

energousafrTxoebis faqtorebis Tanamedrove doneze gaTvaliswineba. am

mniSvnelovani garemoebis gamo, adgili aqvs energiis araganaxlebadi (tradiciuli)

wyaroebis teqnologiebisTvis gareSe xarjebis gauTvaliswineblobas, rac

ganapirobebs etw gamoyenebis aRniSnuli teqnologiebis siiafes egw

teqnologiebTan SedarebiT.

evrokavSiri msoflioSi mowinave pozicias inarCunebs ganaxlebadi

energoresursebis aTvisebis politikis da kiotos protokolis debulebebis

ganxorcielebaSi. evrokavSiri ganaxlebadi energiis aTvisebas xels uwyobs,

Semdegi mizezebis gamo:

garemos dacva, saTburis efeqtis mqone gamonabolqvis Semcireba (kiotos

protokoli), atomur energiasTan dakavSirebuli riskebi (ekologiuri);

energomomaragebis saimedobis gaumjobeseba, importze, wiaRiseul da atomur

energoresursebze damokidebulebis Semcireba;

ekonomikuri konkurentunarianobis gazrda,

samuSao adgilebis Seqmna da socialur keTildReobaSi wvlilis Setana,

mowinave bazrebis Seqmna (lideroba teqnologiebSi);

egw gamoyenebis teqnologiebis bazarze damkvidrebis xelSewyobisTvis

gasatarebeli politika da RonisZiebebi

imisaTvis, rom politikam, maqsimalurad Seuwyos xeli ganaxlebadi

energoresursebis SeRwevas bazarze, is ara marto egw gamoyenebis teqnologiur

srulyofas, aramed, xelisSemSleli faqtorebis mTliani speqtris daZlevas unda

emsaxurebodes.

egw gamoyenebis teqnologiebis bazarze konkurentunarianobis gazrdisa da

gavrcelebis uzrunvelyofisTvis evrokavSirSi iyeneben energetikuli politikis

sxvadasxva instrumentebs. esenia:

maregulirebeli instrumentebi

ekonomikuri instrumentebi (subsidiebi da fasebis dadgenis sistema)

dagegmvis instrumentebi

darwmunebis (informatiuli) instrumentebi.

sxvadasxva qveynebi sxvadasxva tipis RonisZiebebs mimarTaven. mxolod

zemoxsenebuli instrumentebis kompleqsuri gamoyeneba mogvcems sasurvel

pozitiur Sedegs. evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebidan yvelaze karg Sedegebs

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis ganviTarebaSi miaRwies swored im

35

qveynebma, romlebmac bazris stimulirebis erTiani paketi gamoiyenes Zlieri

saxelmwifo xelSewyobis politikasTan kombinaciaSi.

egw gamoyenebis teqnologiebis bazarze damkvidrebas SesaZloa aferxebdes

teqnikuri, sabazro, institucionaluri, politikuri da sakanonmdeblo tipis

dabrkolebebi. srulfasovani politikis SemuSavebisa da gatarebisTvis saWiroa

yvela arsebuli dabrkolebis/barieris gamovlena da Sesabamisi zomebis gatareba.

dabrkolebebisa da maTi daZlevis gzebis ganxilvis safuZvelze SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom ganaxlebadi energiis teqnologiebis xelSewyobis saukeTeso

strategiaa “xelSemwyob RonisZiebaTa jaWvi”, mimarTuli yvela im problemis

gadasawyvetad, romelic Tavs iCens egw teqnologiebis bazarze SeRwevis sxvadasxva

etapebze. “xelSemwyob RonisZiebaTa jaWvis” magaliTi mocemulia qvemoT:

teqnikuri dabrkolebebi

SesaZlo zomebi:

teqnikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyoba (sakvlevi samuSaoebi xarjebis Semcirebisa

da rentabelobis gaumjobesebis mizniT)

sabazro dabrkolebebi

SesaZlo zomebi:

konkurenti teqnologiebis fasebis dadgena maTi sruli Rirebulebis

safuZvelze

(subsidiebis gauqmeba, gareSe xarjebis gaTvaliswineba);

ganaxlebadi energiis fasebis dadgena maTi sargeblianobis srulad

gaTvaliswinebis gziT

(ganaxlebadi energiis Rirebulebis gansazRvra - socialur-ekonomikuri

faqtorebi)

institucionaluri, politikuri da sakanonmdeblo dabrkolebebi

SesaZlo zomebi:

bazris stimulireba

(garantirebuli Sesyidva, danamatiani fasebi, investiciebis xelSewyoba,

sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, dabalprocentiani sesxebi)

SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb codnis gavrceleba

(samrewvelo da komunaluri sawarmoebis da developerebis informireba

bazrebisa da resursebis Sefasebis meTodologiebis gavrcelebis gziT)

komerciuli dafinansebis gamoyeneba

(xarisxis uzrunvelyofa standartebis dawesebisa da sertificirebis gziT,

grZelvadiani saimedobis uzrunvelyofa, erToblivi ganxorcieleba)

36

ganxorcielebis xarjebis Semcireba

(qselSi CarTva, regionaluri energocentrebi, Sefasebis standartizirebuli

teqnika)

kvalificirebuli kadrebis arsebobis uzrunvelyofa

(treningi, cnobierebis amaRleba, informaciis gavrceleba, demonstrireba,

kvalifikacia

dagegmvasTan dakavSirebuli dabrkolebebis aRmofxvra

(garemoze zemoqmedebis minimumze dayvana, damgegmavi pirebis informirebulobis

amaRleba ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis dadebiTi mxareebis da

SesaZleblobebis gafarToeba)

ganaxlebadi energiis samomavlo politikis sakvanZo principebi

evrokomisiis azriT, ganaxlebadi energoresursebis gamoyenebis ganviTarebis CarCo-

politika Semdeg moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes:

igi grZelvadian savaldebulo niSnulebze da stabilur politikaze

dayrdnobiT unda aigos;

iyos ufro metad moqnili sxvadasxva seqtorebSi misaRwevi maCveneblebis

gansazRvrisas;

iyos yovlismomcveli, gansakuTrebiT iTvaliswinebdes gaTbobisa da gagrilebis

sferosac;

iTvaliswinebdes ganuwyvetel muSaobas zedmeti damabrkolebeli faqtorebis

mosaxsnelad, romlebic ganaxlebadi energoresursebis aTvisebas uSlian xels;

iTvaliswinebdes ekologiur da socialur aspeqtebs;

uzrunvelyofdes rentabelur politikas;

Seesabamebodes Sida energobazars.

gasaTvaliswinebeli mniSvnelovani garemoeba egw gamoyenebis teqnologiebis

gaiafebis mimarTulebiT.

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ganviTarebaze zrunvisaTvis tradiciuli

praqtikaa, rom siZviris gamo egw gamoyenebis teqnologiebs uweseben

gansakuTrebul SeRavaTian pirobebs energiis araganxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis

teqnologiebTan SedarebiT.Ees, damdgar, arasasurvel SedegTan brZolas ufro

hgavs, vidre mis gamomwvev mizezTan. aseTi moqmedeba konfliqtSia sabazro,

Tanaswori pirobebis principebTan. amitom, ufro mniSvnelovania, aRmoifxvras

mizezi, kerZod, daixvewos zogadad energiis wyaroebis gamoyenebis teqnikur-

37

ekonomikuri Sefasebis sistema realurad moqmedi faqtorebis, maT Soris, adamianis

janmrTelobasa da garemoze grZelvadiani negatiuri zemoqmedebisa da

energousafrTxoebis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT.

mdgradi energetikuli politika gulisxmobs sxvadasxva teqnologiebis

Rirebulebis swor Sefasebas, anu, sxva faqtorebTan erTad garemosdacviT,

saTburis efeqtis mqone gazebisa da energousafrTxoebis faqtorebis grZelvadian

WrilSi srulad gaTvaliswinebas.

pasuxismgebeli pirebi swori politikis SemuSavebisTvis sul ufro metad

eyrdnobian saTanado gamokvlevebis Sedegebs.

erovnuli miznebi da samoqmedo gegmebi

ekonomikis bevr seqtorSi miznebis gansazRvra xdeba dargSi stabilurobisa da

garkveulobis uzrunvelsayofad, rac ufro saimedo dagegmvis da investirebis

saSualebas iZleva. evropis masStabiT aseTi miznebis gansazRvra stabilurobas

kidev ufro aZlierebs: evrokavSiris politika zogadad ufro grZelvadian

periodebzea gaTvlili, ris gamoc moklevadiani adgilobrivi politikuri

cvlilebebi mis destabilizacias ver axdenen.

efeqturobis misaRwevad evrokavSiris sazogado miznebi, gansakuTrebiT,

eleqtroenergiasTan, biosawvavTan, gaTbobasTan da gagrilebasTan mimarTebaSi

mkafiod Camoyalibebuli da wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris mtkiced SeTanxmebuli

unda iyos.

evrokavSiris sazogado mizani ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis ganviTarebisTvis

unda aisaxos wevri saxelmwifoebis savaldebulo erovnul gegmebSi.

wevr saxelmwifoebs saSualeba unda mieceT xeli Seuwyon im ganaxlebadi

energoresursebis aTvisebas, romlebic yvelaze metad Seesabameba maT

adgilobriv potencials da prioritetebs.

wevri saxelmwifoebis mier am miznebis miRwevis zusti gza Camoyalibebuli

unda iyos komisiisaTvis warsadgen erovnul samoqmedo gegmebSi.

am samoqmedo gegmebSi mocemuli unda iyos dargebis mixedviT gansazRvruli

gegmebi da maT misaRwevad gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi, romlebic SeTanxmebul

erTian erovnul miznebs unda Seesabamebodnen. naCvenebi unda iyos miRwueli

progresic.

erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebis miznebis Sesruleba unda moxsendes evrokomisias,

rac komisiam unda daadasturos, rom saerTo miznis miRweva uzrunvelyos.

38

evrokavSiris orientirebi

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT

adgilobrivi energetikuli resursebis efeqturi gamoyeneba evrokavSiri TviTon

awarmoebs moxmarebuli energiis 46%-s, amasTanave moxmarebuli energiis 10%

miRebulia ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan. 2020 wlisaTvis evrokavSirma es wili unda

gazardos 20%-mde.

mTlian energomoxmarebaSi energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis wilis mixedviT

evrokavSiris mier dasaxuli orientirebi (miznebi) Semdegia:

- 2010 wlisTvis - 12%

(faqtobrivad miRweulma niSnulma Seadgina daaxloebiT 10%);

- 2020 wlisTvis - 20%;

evrokavSirisTvis es maCvenebeli ar warmoadgens saboloo niSnuls. evrokavSiris

politika mimarTulia mTlian energomomxmarebaSi energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis

wilis Semdgomi zrdisken da wiaRiseuli resursebis ganaxlebadi

energoresursebiT maqsimalurad Canacvlebisken.

ramdenad miRwevadia evrokavSiris mier dasaxuli miznebi?

aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSirma 2010 wlisTvis egw ganviTarebis dasaxuli

orienterebidan mniSvnelovan warmatebebs mxolod eleqtroenergetikaSi miaRwia.

dasaxuli miznebi ver iqna miRweuli biosawvavisa da gaTboba-gagrilebis

sferoebSi.

transportSi biosawvavis gamoyenebis evrokavSiris mier dasaxuli orientirebia:

- 2005 wlisTvis – 2 %

(faqtobrivad miRweulma niSnulma Seadgina 1 %)

- 2020 wlisTvis – 10 %

gaTbobisa da gagrilebis sferos wili evrokavSiris mTlian energomoxmarebaSi

daaxloebiT 50%-ia. gaTbobisa da gagrilebis mTlian energomoxmarebaSi

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis wili 2010 wlisTvis daaxloebiT 10-11%-is

farglebSia (ver iqna miRweuli 12%-iani niSnuli) da zrdis tempic umniSvneloa.

39

2010 wlamde dasaxuli miznebis miuRwevadobis ramodenime mTavari mizezi arsebobs:

sabazro fasebSi gareSe xarjebis sistematiuri gauTvaliswinebloba

wiaRiswul sawvavs ekonomikurad gaumarTllebel upiratesobas aZlevs

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebTan SedarebiT;

evrokavSiris qveynebis politika da gavrcelebuli praqtika erTmaneTisgan

sakmaod gansxvavebulia. ar arsebobs erTiani koordinirebuli midgoma,

teqnologiebis erTiani evropuli bazari da SeTanxmebuli xelSemwyobi

meqanizmebi. amitom evrokavSirSi miRweuli progresi araTanabaria da

zogierTi qveynis politika evrokavSiris miznebis miRwevas ver

uzrunvelyofda. zogierTi qveynis politika daucveli aRmoCnda cvalebadi

politikuri koniunqturis winaSe;

evrokavSiris doneze ganaxlebadi energiis sferoSi iuridiulad

savaldebulo miznebis ararsebobam evrokavSiris wevri qveynebisTvis

ganapiroba:

o transportis dargSi ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis gamoyenebis

maregulirebeli bazis sisuste;

o gaTboba-gagrilebis sferoSi maregulirebeli kanonebis saerTod

ararseboba

garkveuli progresi ZiriTadad ramodenime wevri saxelmwifos Zalisxmevis xarjze

iqna miRweuli.

zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, evrokavSiris mier dasaxuli miznebi 2020 wlisa

da Semdgomi wlebisTvis, sakmaod ambiciurad gamoiyureba. Tumca, isic unda iTqvas,

rom evrokavSiris politika mimarTulia amJamad moqmedi maregulirebeli

kanonmdeblobis gaZlierebisa da gafarToebisken. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

eniWeba yvela wevri saxelmwifos mier saWiro zomebis gatarebas mTlian

energomoxmarebaSi ganaxlebadi energiis wilis gasazrdelad. samoqalaqo

sazogadoeba, biznesis seqtori, wevri saxelmwifoebi, evrosabWo da

evroparlamenti - yvela erToblivad aRiarebs ganaxlebadi energoresursebis

rolis zrdis aucileblobas.

amdenad, evrokavSirs mtkiced aqvs ganzraxuli, ganaxlebadi energoresursebis

aTviseba energetikuli politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebad aqcios da egw

gamoyenebis teqnologiebs gza gaukvalos evrokavSiris bazrebze..

40

გanaxlebadi wyaroebidan eleqtroenergiis generireba

evrokavSirSi 2020 wlisaTvis

41

gaTboba da kondicionireba ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan

evrokavSirSi 2020 wlisaTvis

42

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis xelSemwyobi instrumentebi

ganaxlebadi energoresursebis aTvisebis xelSewyobisTvis evrokavSiris wevr

qveynebs Soris mimdinareobs diskusia ZiriTadad ori sistemis Sedarebaze:

1. savaldebulo, anu fiqsirebuli tarifis (feed-in tariff (FIT)) sistema;

2. kvotebze dafuZnebuli regulirebis sistema “mwvane sertifikatebiT”

vaWrobasTan kombinaciaSi

Feed-in tariffs, fiqsirebuli (feed-in) tarifi saSualebas aZlevs eleqtroenergiis

mwarmoeblebs gayidon ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan warmoebuli energia fiqsirebuli

tarifiT drois gansazRvruli xangrZlivi periodis manZilze.

fiqsirebuli tarifi gamoiyeneba evrokavSiris 17 qveyanaSi, rogorc energiis

ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan energiis warmoebis xelSewyobis ZiriTadi instrumenti;

italiaSi - mxolod eleqtrofotogardamqmnelebidan ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad.

savaldebulo kvotebi da mwvane sertifikatebis

vaWroba

SedarebiT axali xelSemwyobi sqema – gamoiyeneba belgiaSi, italiaSi, SvedeTSi,

gaerTianebul samefosa da poloneTSi.

meTodi iTvaliswinebs ganaxlebadi wyaroebiT warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis

minimaluri savaldebulo wilis dadgenas eleqtroenergiis mTlian moxmarebaSi

kvotebis miznis garda dafuZnebulia ganaxlebadi energiis sertifikatebis

bazari. am bazarze sertifikatebis gayidviT, ganaxlebadi energiis mwarmoeblebi

iReben damatebiT Semosavals eleqtroenergiis realizaciis garda.

Ppolitikis sxva instrumentebi

egw-Tvis energetikuli politikis sxva instrumentebi, romlebic damatebiT xSirad

gamoiyeneba aris:

warmoebis sagadasaxado waxaliseba/stimulireba

investirebis waxaliseba/stimulireba.

43

danarTi 2

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebis xelSemwyobi instrumentebi

evrokavSiris qveynebSi

ganaxlebadi energoresursebis aTvisebis xelSewyobisTvis evrokavSiris wevr

qveynebs Soris mimdinareobs diskusia ZiriTadad ori sistemis Sedarebaze:

1. savaldebulo, anu fiqsirebuli tarifis (feed-in tariff (FIT)) sistema;

2. kvotebze dafuZnebuli regulirebis sistema “mwvane sertifikatebiT”

vaWrobasTan kombinaciaSi

fiqsirebuli Sesasyidi tarifis sistema saSualebas iZleva ganaxlebadi

energoresursebiT gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergia (RES-E) fiqsirebuli tarifiT

gaiyidos drois garkveuli periodis manZilze. Amis alternatiuli variantia

eleqtroenergiis fasis sabazro gadaxda danamatTan erTad. amJamad evrokavSiris

wevri 25 qveynidan umravlesoba (18) fiqsirebuli Sesasyidi tarifis sxvadasxva

saxeobas iyenebs ganaxlebadi energoresursebidan eleqtroenergiis generaciis

xelSewyobisaTvis.

fiqsirebuli Sesasyidi tarifis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani aspeqtia tarifis

donis da xelSewyobis periodis gansazRvra. erT-erTi variantia, rom tarifis

done ganisazRvros ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebidan eleqtroenergiis generaciis

xarjebis safuZvelze. evrokavSiris qveynebis umetesoba, romelic fiqsirebul

Sesasyid tarifebs iyenebs, tarifis donis dasadgenad eleqtroenergiis generaciis

xarjebs eyrdnoba.

alternatiuli variantiT, xelSewyobis done SeiZleba ganisazRvros Tavidan

acilebuli gareSe xarjebis safuZvelze, romlebic ganaxlebadi energiis

wyaroebidan eleqtroenergiis warmoebis Sedegad daizoga. egw-dan dazogili

xarjebi SeiZleba iyos is xarjebi, romlebsac damatebiTi xarjebis saxiT adgili

eqneboda tradiciuli eleqtrosadgurebis SemTxvevaSi (magaliTad, klimaturi

cvlilebebiT, haeris dabinZurebisagan miRebuli daavadebebiT, sasoflo-sameurneo

mosavlis danakargiT, materialuri zaraliT, energoresursebis maragis saimedobiT

gamowveuli damatebiTi xarjebi). am variantiT xelmZRvanelobs portugalia.

44

ganaxlebad energoresursebze momuSave eleqtrosadgurebis

xelSewyobis done da xanrgZlioba 2006 wels.

wyaro: EDFTDO 2007

45

fiqsirebuli tarifis saxeobebia: safexurebrivi tarifi da klebadi tarifi.

safexurebrivi tarifi gamoiyeneba erTidaigive tipis teqnologiis

eleqtrosadgurebis SemTxvevaSi, roca eleqtrosadgurebs gaaCniaT gansxvavebuli

xarjebi gansxvavebuli sididis, adgilmdebareobis (rTuli geografiul-klimaturi

pirobebis), an sawvavis tipis gamo.

klebadi tarifi

klebadi tarifis sidide damokidebulia ganaxlebad energoresursebze momuSave

eleqtrosadguris eqspluataciaSi Sesvlis saproeqto vadaze. eqspluataciaSi

Sesvlis dagegmili TariRidan moyolebuli axali sadguris tarifis sidide yovel

wels klebulobs garkveuli procentiT. amis gamo, rac ufro gvian aSendeba

eleqtrosadguri, miT ufro nakleb sargebels miiRebs is. klebadi tarifi

SeiZleba gamoviyenoT teqnologiebis gaumjobesebis da xarjebis Semcirebis

stimulirebisaTvis. ufro metic, igi amcirebs Warbi kompensaciis risks.

klebis winaswar gansazRvruli procenti ufro gamWvirvale da saimedoa

investorebisaTvis, vidre tarifis perioduli gadasinjva da Semcireba.

ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan eleqtroenergiis generaciis xelSewyobis mizniT klebadi

tarifebis sistema gamoiyeneba germaniaSi, safrangeTSi (qaris energiis mimarT) da

italiaSi (mzis sistemebis mimarT).

savaldebulo Sesyidva

savaldebulo Sesyidva evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis umetesobas aqvs SemoRebuli.

“savaldebulo Sesyidvisas” eleqtroqselis operatorebi, eleqtroenergiis

mimwodeblebi da momxmareblebi valdebulni arian ganaxlebad energoresursebze

momuSave eleqtrosadgurebis mier gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergia iyidon.

fiqsirebuli tarifi ganixileba savaldebulo SesyidvasTan erTad.

“premialuri tarifis sqema” (“premium tariff design”)

“premialuri tarifis sqemis” dros egw generaciis sadgurebi TiToeul

gamomuSavebul kvt.sT-Si sabazro fasis garda danamatsac iReben. “premialuri

tarifis sqema” gamoiyeneba rogorc “fiqsirebuli tarifis sqemis” (“fixed tariff design”)

alternatiuli varianti da egw-s generaciis obieqtebs am ori SesaZleblobidan

erT-erTis arCeva SeuZliaT. es sqema gamoiyeneba espaneTSi, CexeTis respublikaSi

da sloveniaSi. am qveynebSi yidvis valdebuleba dawesebulia mxolod fiqsirebuli

tarifis sqemis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi.

daniaSi ki sanapiro zolis qaris eleqtrosadgurebis operatorebma

gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergia unda gayidon premialuri tarifis safuZvelze,

46

yidvis garantirebuli valdebulebebis gareSe. maT fiqsirebuli tarifiT

eleqtroenergiis gayidvis alternatiuli SesaZlebloba ar eZlevaT.

“savaldebulo Sesyidvis” upiratesoba da naklovaneba

“savaldebulo Sesyidva” investiciebis saimedobis uzrunvelyofis da investorebis

mozidvis SesaZleblobas iZleva. am instrumentis ganxorcieleba SedarebiT

naklebad rTulia. “savaldebulo Sesyidvis” gareSe investorebi gazrdili riskis

dasafaravad ufro maRal ukugebas moiTxoven. “savaldebulo SesyidvasTan”

dakavSirebuli erTerTi problema isaa, rom is sabazro konkurenciis princips ar

Seesabameba, radganac eleqtroenergiis yidva moTxovnilebis Sesabamisad ar xdeba.

“savaldebulo Sesyidvis” gareSe premialuri danamatis sqemis gamoyeneba aris

sabazro konkurenciis ganviTarebis mcdeloba.

Cveulebriv, sabazro konkurenciis stimulirebis aseTi meqanizmebi tarifis zrdas

iwveven. “savaldebulo Sesyidvis” Sefasebis Sejameba 3.7 cxrilSia mocemuli.

premialuri da fiqsirebuli tarifis urTierTSedareba

premialuri (danamatiani) tarifis pirobebSi eleqtroenergiis bazari ufro

konkurentuli da liberalizirebulia, vidre fiqsirebuli Sesasyidi tarifis

pirobebSi. es niSnavs, rom energoqselis xarjebi ufro kargad da efeqturad

nawildeba.

Tumca, premialuri tarifis pirobebSi egw generaciis obieqtebis riski ufro

maRalia, radganac fiqsirebuli tarifis tipiuri sqemisagan gansxvavebiT, am

SemTxvevaSi, mTliani anazRaurebis done winaswar gansazRvruli ar aris da

garantirebuli Sesyidvis valdebulebac ar arsebobs.

aRniSnulis gamo, premialuri tarifis pirobebSi anazRaureba ufro maRali unda

iyos vidre fiqsirebuli tarifis pirobebSi, egw generaciis obieqtebis riskis

kompensaciis mizniT. qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi Sejamebulia premialuri tarifis

upiratesobebi da naklovanebebi fiqsirebul tarifTan SedarebiT.

47

premialuri tarifis upiratesobebi da naklovanebebi

Uupiratesobebi

naklovanebebi

ufro metadaa orientirebuli

bazarze da naklebad arRvevs mis

kanonebs;

ufro metadaa orientirebuli

moTxovnilebaze;

iZleva pikuri moTxovnilebis

dros qselSi eleqtroenergiis

miwodebis stimuls.

“Sesyidvis garantia” ar

arsebobs, amrigad investiciebi

naklebad daculia;

didi albaTobaa imisa, rom

momxmareblebs eleqtroenergia

ufro Zviri daujdebaT,

gansakuTrebiT sabazro fasebis

zrdis SemTxvevaSi;

qaris da mzis

eleqtrosadgurebis operatorebi

zemoqmedebas ver axdenen

eleqtroenergiis generaciis

droze da ar SeuZliaT

isargeblon pikuri moTxovnilebis

dros

eleqtroenergiis miwodebis

upiratesobebiT

“mwvane sertifikatebis” sistema

“mwvane sertifikatebis” Sesyidvis safuZvelze dadgenili savaldebulo kvotebis

gamoyeneba SedarebiT axali sqemaa, romelmac am ukanasknel wlebSi sxva

politikuri instrumentebi Secvala belgiaSi, italiaSi, SvedeTSi, did britaneTSi

da poloneTSi.

am sistemis mTavari arsi is aris, rom eleqtrobazris moTamaSe subieqtebs

udgindebaT moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis mTlian moculobaSi ganaxlebadi

energoresursebidan warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis savaldebuli kvota. garda

dadgenili kvotisa, iqmneba ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan warmoebuli energiis

sertifikatebis bazari. generaciis obieqtebs, romlebic energias ganaxlebadi

wyaroebidan awarmoeben, saSualeba eZlevaT gayidon sertifikatebi bazarze, ris

48

Sedegadac isini iReben damatebiT finansur saxsrebs, bazarze eleqtroenergiis

gayidviT miRebuli Tanxebis garda.

“mwvane sertifikatebis” sistemis ZiriTadi principi isaa, rom xdeba ganaxlebadi

energoresursebidan warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis sertificireba. aseTi

sertifikatebis SemoReba or mizans emsaxureba:

1. aRricxvis warmoeba – rodesac Sesasrulebelia mTavrobis mier dadgenili

valdebulebebi, an rodesac ganaxlebadi energiis momxmareblebs unda

davumtkicoT, rom garkveuli moculobis eleqtroenergia ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan

iyo warmoebuli

2. “mwvane sertifikatebi” aioleben “mwvane sertifikatebis bazris” Seqmnas,

romelic eleqtroenergiis (rogorc produqtis) bazrisagan damoukideblad

funqcionirebs.

“mwvane sertifikatebis” Seqmna

“mwvane sertifikatebs” eleqtroenergiis mwarmoeblebi qmnian. Generaciis kompaniebi

sertifikatebs iReben ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan warmoebuli da qselSi miwodebuli

eleqtroenergiis winaswar gansazRvrul erTeulSi. eleqtroenergiis

momxmareblebs eZlevaT gegma, Tu rogori unda iyos ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan

warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis wili maT mTlian moxmarebaSi. imis dasamtkiceblad,

rom isini am gegmebs asruleben, momxmareblebma drois garkveul momentSi unda

warmoadginon aRniSnuli serTifikatebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi momxmareblebi

jarimdebian. amis gamo, maT eqmnebaT stimuli SeiZinon mwarmoeblebisagan

sertifikatebi da es sertifikatebi faseuli xdeba. savaraudod, generaciis

obieqtebs Soris arsebulma konkurenciam da “mwvane sertifikatebis” ricxvis

zrdam ganaxlebadi energoresursebidan warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis fasi unda

Seamciros. am TvalsazrisiT, “mwvane sertifikatebis” sistema rentabelur meTodad

iTvleba ganaxlebadi energoresursebis aTvisebis dasaxuli donis misaRwevad.

“mwvane sertifikatebis” bazari

dasaxuli gegmebis Sesasruleblad momxmareblebi “mwvane sertifikatebSi”

garkveul Tanxas ixdian. maTi fasi damokidebulia bazarze, e.i. moTxovnilebasa

(romelic dadgenili niSnuliTaa fiqsirebuli) da miwodebaze. Tu “mwvane

sertifikatebis” raodenoba mcirea, fasi maRali iqneba, rac ganaxlebadi energiis

warmoebis stimuls miscems generaciis axal obieqtebs. ufro metic, Teoriulad,

ganaxlebadi energiis miwodeba efeqturad moxdeba, radganac sertifikatebis

gayidvis dros upiratesoba eqnebaT generaciis im obieqtebs, romelTa produqciis

fasic yvelaze dabali iqneba. “mwvane sertifikatebis” kvotebis modelis mixedviT,

gamanawilebeli kompaniebi an komunaluri momsaxurebis kompaniebi valdebulni

arian iyidon ganaxlebadi energoresursebidan warmoebuli eleqtroenergia.

amrigad, angarisSworebis dRes, komunaluri momsaxurebis kompaniebma Sesabamisi

raodenobis “mwvane sertifikatebi” unda warmoadginon. “mwvane sertifikatebis”

49

yidvis xarjebi SeiZleba eleqtroenergiis momxmarebelTa xarjze daifaros,

mTliani tarifis gazrdis gziT.

“mwvane sertifikatebis” yidva-gayidvis organizebeba seriozuli procesia, romelic

iTxovs damatebiT Sromasa da Sesabamis xarjebs. es garkveulwilad dasawyisSi

aZvirebs eleqtroenergias, Tumca, Semdgom, savaraudoa, rom eleqtroenergiaze fasi

daiwevs. saboloo jamSi, es meTodi uaRresad saintereso da sasargebloa.

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebidan eleqtroenergiis

generaciis xelSewyobis amJamad gamoyenebuli sqemebi evrokavSiris 25

qveyanaSi

saqartvelosi energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis gamoyenebisa da ganvitarebis politika...

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