cinelebi saqartvelosi ძიაი ჟოუ

Cinelebi saqarTveloSi

ძიაი ჟოუ

ECMI -ის სამუშაო მოხსენება #54

იანვარი 2012

ECMI- სამუშაო მოხსენება

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umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri

(ECMI) aris arakomerciuli, arasamTavrobo instituti, romelic dafuZnebul iqna 1996 wels daniis samefos, germaniis federaluri respublikis da Slezvig-holStainis mTavrobebis mier. umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri daarsda q. flensbugSi, germaniisa da daniis mosazRvre regionis Sua gulSi; raTa yuradReba miepyro am teritoriaze arsebul umciresobebisa da umravlesobis mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis warmatebul magaliTze. umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri-s mizania, xeli Seuwyos mravaldisciplinarul kvlevas im sakiTxebze, romelic exeba umciresobebisa da umravlesobis urTierTobebs, evropuli midgomebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amasTanave, wvlili Seitanos inter-eTnikuri urTierTobebis gaumjobesebaSi dasavleT da aRmosavleT evropis im nawilSi, sadac adgili aqvs eTno-konfliqtebsa da dapirispirebebs.

ECMI-is kvleviT naSromze muSaoben ECMI-s TanamSromlebi da centris mier mowveuli

mkvlevarebi. ECMI-is mier gamocemul kvlevebSi gamoxatul azrebze pasuxismgebelia naSromis avtori.

ECMI moxseneba

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI) direqtori: doq. tove h. maloi

© ECMI 2012


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Cinelebi saqarTveloSi

damoukideblobis mopovebidan ori aTeuli wlis Semdeg, saqarTvelos Ria ekonomikam da ukontrolo saimigracio politikam, pirvelad qveynis istoriaSi, am regionidan Sors mdebare qveynebidan imigraciis process Seuwyo xeli. amgvari migrantebidan Tbilisis quCebSi, gansakuTrebiT gecemaT TvalSi migrantebi afrikis qveynebidan, indoeTidan da CineTidan. indoelTa Soris umetesoba samedicino institutis studentia, an gadis sxvadasxva profesiuli momzadebis kurss. afrikelebi saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad samuSaos saZieblad Camodian, Tumca, arian umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentebic. Cinelebis umravlesoba ki ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebas cdilobs.

Cinelebma saqarTveloSi Semosvla 1990-ian wlebSi daiwyes. am regionSi swored maSin gaCnda rogorc Cinuri saxelmwifo sainvesticio sawarmoebi, ise Cinuri restornebis mzardi qseli. 2000 wlidan qveyanaSi nel-nela maRaziis mflobelTa da bazris movaWreTa ricxvi gaizarda. dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 1000 Cineli cxovrobs. isini SeiZleba daiyos xuT jgufad: specialistebi, biznesmenebi, maRaziis mflobelebi, xelSekrulebiT momuSave muSebi da restornebsa da kvebis seqtorSi dasaqmebuli pirebi.

am statiaSi yuradReba gamaxvildeba saqarTveloSi Cinelebis imigraciis istoriaze, gamomwvev mizezebze, integraciis doneze (an am donis ararsebobaze), daculobis xarisxsa da maT statusze qarTul sazogadoebaSi. ganxiluli iqneba, agreTve, qveyanaSi Cinuri msxvili sawarmoebis mzardi raodenoba. Cinuris, rogorc ucxo enis statusi saqarTveloSi da CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCos roli Cinuri saTvistomos cxovrebaSi.

ძიაი ჟოუ, იანვარი 2012

ECMI -ის სამუშაო მოხსენება #54

I. saqarTveloSi Cais kulturis fuZemdeblis ojaxi

kavkasiaSi Camosul Cinel migrantebs Soris erT-erTi pirvelTagani iyo Cais kulturis specialisti lao jonjao, romelic 1890 wels guandonis provinciidan Cavida CaqvSi (aWara, saqarTvelos erTerTi regioni).1 man da

1 arsebobs legenda imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ‘sami samefos’ periodSi (Cv. welTaRricxviT 220-280), saxelganTqmuli mxedarTmTavris, ma Caos ojaxis wevri gaiqca kavkasiaSi. mose xorenelis somxeTis istoriis (romelic

mis mier CineTidan Camoyvanilma kolegebma Semoitanes Cais pirveli kultura saqarTveloSi.2 mis mier

daiwera Cv.w-iT me-5 saukuneSi) mixedviT, es pirovneba TiTqosda gaxda somxeTis uzenaesi sasamarTlos wevri da saTave daudo mamikonianebis aristokratul gvars. Tumca, Tanamedrove istorikosebs sakamaTod miaCniaT am legendis namdviloba. 2 saqarTveloSi Camosuli Cineli specialistebis pirveli jgufis wevrebidan zogierTi malariiT gardaicvala; maTi


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gamoyvanil wiTel Cais 1900 wels parizis msoflio bazrobaze umaRlesi jildo mieniWa. mas Semdeg qarTuli Cai aTeulobiT weli inarCunebda maRal reputacias.3

am wvlilisaTvis 1911 wels caristulma mTavrobam laos saxelmwifo jildo gadasca, mogvianebiT ki, sabWoTa periodSi, man Sromis wiTeli droSis ordeni miiRo. savaraudod, is erTaderTi Cinelia, romelic amgvari jildos mflobeli gaxda. lao Tavis ojaxTan erTad mTeli 34 wlis manZilze cxovrobda saqarTveloSi. 1924 wels, mas Semdeg rac mas wauyenes ultimatumi mieRo sabWoTa moqalaqeoba da ise gaegrZelebina muSaoba, datova es qveyana. misi saxli jer kidev dgas zRvis sanapiroze, baTumSi, xolo, misi piradi nivTebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva muzeumebSi inaxeba.4

lao jonjaos Svilebi da STamomavalni dRemde cdiloben SeinarCunon mWidro kavSiri orive qveyanasTan.5 misma erTerTma vaJma, liu zerongma safuZveli Cauyara Cinur-rusul leqsikografias, mas Semdeg, rac 1956 wels gamoaqveyna didi rusul-Cinuri leqsikoni, romlis safuZvelzedac SemdgomSi Seiqmna ufro srulyofili rusul-Cinuri leqsikonebi. gadmocemiT, liu zerongi leningradSi Tarjimnad muSaobis dros Sexvedria lenins da SemdgomSi miwer-mowerac hqonia masTan.

saflavebi baTumSi unda iyos. interviu liu guanvenTan, ivnisi, 2011. 3 samwuxarod, mogvianebiT, xruSCovis periodis sasoflo-sameurneo meTodebma daaknines Cais xarisxi da ‘lao’ (lius kantonuri varianti) axla adgilobrivi eufemizmi gaxda cudi xarisxis CaisaTvis. dimitri burtini, “saqarTvelo: sawmisi, Rvino da mimino” ” Kommersant Dengi, # 5(410) 10 Tebervali, 2003, http://www.kommersant.com/doc.asp?id_doc=363467. 4 iyo misi saxlis istoriul adgilad gadaqcevis mcdeloba, rasac mxars uWerda CineTis saelCo. 5 liu guanveni aris, aseve, abreSumis gzis kulturuli centris Tavmjdomare da damaarsebeli, sadac xdeba Cinuri wignebis qarTul enaze Targmna.

laos kidev erTi vaJi qarTvel qalTan, nona TuSmaliSvilTan erTad gaparula da masze daqorwinebula. mogvianebiT nona pekinis pedagogiur universitetSi rusuli enisa da literaturis kaTedris daarsebaSi daexmara. 1958 wels maTi qaliSvili liu guangveni ganaTlebis misaRebad pekinidan saqarTveloSi Camovida da colad gahyva cnobil qarTvel mxatvars, aw gansvenebul givi yandarels. liu guangvenma SemdgomSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana saqarTveloSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis, kerZod, CineTis kvlevis sferoSi. misi SviliSvili ki, dReisaTvis qarTuli enis erTaderTi maswavlebelia pekinis universitetSi.

q-ni lius sityvebiT, saqarTveloSi mxolod ori ojaxia, romlebsac igive fesvebi aqvT. pirveli Cineli jariskacia, romelic wiTel armiaSi gadioda wvrTnas, darCa sabWoTa kavSirSi da qarTvel qalze iqorwina. kidev erTi Cineli mamakaci, misi babuis Cais eqspertTa gundidan, aseve dasaxlda saqarTveloSi da qarTvel qalze iqorwina. es ori ojaxi safuZvlianad aris integrirebuli qarTul sazogadoebaSi; maT ukve aRar aqvT Cinuri gvarebi da Cinursac TiTqmis veRar floben.

II. Cinuri biznesis dasawyisi

saqarTveloSi

Tavdapirvelad saqarTveloSi Semosul bevr Cinur sawarmos saxelmwifo marTavda an afinansebda. sastumro “oazisSi”, romelic 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi gaixsna, saqarTveloSi pirveli Cinuri restorani funqcionirebda. sastumro xinjiangis avtonomiuri olqis mTavrobis dafinansebiT xinjiangidan Camosulma pirma gaxsna. 1996 wels, saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis qveS savaWro urTierTobebis ganviTarebis mizniT, saqarTveloSi gagzavnes Cineli biznesmenebis eqvskaciani jgufi, romlebsac ganaTleba rusulad hqondaT miRebuli. maT haibeis olqSi


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dafuZnebuli import-eqsportis kompaniis saqarTvelos filiali gaxsnes. maT sjerodaT, rom yofili sabWoTa qveyana kargi bazari iqneboda samomxmareblo saqonliT vaWrobisaTvis. kompaniam daiwyo tansacmlis, saTamaSoebis, da amasTan, sakvebi produqtebis Semotanac ki. liang iugangi, im eqvsi saxelmwifo mosamsaxuridan erTaderTi, romelic dRemde saqarTveloSi cxovrobs, ambobs, rom im dros saqarTveloSi Zalian cota Cineli cxovrobda. eseni iyvnen savaWro kompaniebSi an restornebis qselSi dasaqmebuli damoukidebeli mewarmeebi. maTi umravlesoba msaxurobda Sromis pirvelad bazarze. ekonomikurma migrantebma, saxeldobr, bazris movaWreebma da baihuos maRaziebis mflobelebma mxolod 2003 wlis Semdeg daiwyes saqarTveloSi Semosvla.6

90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi Cinelebis migracia kontrols eqvemdebareboda, xolo yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sxva qveynebSi, gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleT evropaSi mdebare saxelmwifoebSi Sedioda Cineli ekonomikuri migrantebis didi raodenoba, romlebsac iq izidavdaT “cudad regulirebadi Tavisufali bazrebi, liberaluri saimigracio politika da samomxmareblo saqonelze didi moTxovna”, rac fexdafex mohyva sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas.7 gaurkvevelia, maSin ratom ar dainteresdnen Cineli ekonomikuri migrantebi saqarTveloTi - albaT imitom, rom Cinelebis sawyisi qselis ar arsebobis gamo maTTvis nakleb misawvdomi iyo rogorc es qveyana, ise misi bazari. SesaZloa davuSvaT isic, rom saqarTvelo maSin jer kidev burusiT mosili da ucnobi qveyana iyo TviT mewarme CinelebisTvisac ki. Cineli

6 interviu liang iugangTan, ivnisi, 2011. baihuo (iTargmneba rogorc ‘aTasi ram’) niSnavs farTo moxmarebis sagnebs: saojaxo nivTebs, saTamaSoebs, tansacmels da a.S. - romlebic iyideba saqarTvelos ‘Cinur maRaziebSi’. 7 nairiri pali, “Cineli mewarmeebi Rarib qveynebSi, risingpowers.open.ac.uk/documents/Publication/Hong_Kong_paper.pdf.

migrantebi mas iyenebdnen xanmokle droiT da aqedan cdilobdnen uSualod evropaSi Sesvlas.

erT-erTi wyaros cnobiT, 1997 an 1998 wels gaxsnili Cinuri restorani aseve asrulebda Suamavlis rols Cineli migrantebisaTvis, romlebic eZebdnen iol gzebs evropaSi SesaRwevad. sastumros mflobels SeeZlo 100-200 Cineli mewarmis uzrunvelyofa vizebiT. mas hqonda kontaqtebi ucxoel maRalCinosnebTan, romlebic xSirad stumrobdnen mis restorans.8 restorani didi xnis win daixura da ar aris cnobili, grZeldeba Tu ara raime sxva saSualebebiT migrantebTan dakavSirebuli Suamavloba saqarTveloSi, magram arsebobs informacia imis Taobaze, rom amgvar naxevrad kanonier saqmianobas ewevian sxva qveynebSi, rac sulac ar aris ucxo Cinelebis transnacionaluri sazogadoebisaTvis.9

arc maSin da arc axla, Cinuri restornebi saqarTveloSi ar gaxsnila Cinelebis eTnikuri jgufis momsaxurebis mizniT. aRniSnuli restornebi umTavresad ucxoelebs maspinZlobda, amasTan sxva Cinelebs qveyanaSi fexis mokidebaSi exmareboda. “restornis gaxsna aris yvelaze advili da sarfiani biznesi, gansakuTrebiT Cineli xalxisaTvis,”-Tqva biznesmenma iu huam, romelmac Tavisi pirveli restorani “CainaTauni” quTaisSi 2002 wels gaxsna, mogvianebiT ki daaarsa ‘saqarTvelo-CineTis investiciebis marTvis korporacia’. rogorc bevri restornis mflobeli saqarTveloSi, isic sxva saqmisTvis Camovida da restorani gaxsna mas Semdeg, rac im biznesma ar gaamarTla.10 dResdReobiT TbilisSi Svidi Cinuri restorani funqcionirebs.11

8 interviu iu huasTan, maisi, 2011. 9 ix. evropis sabWos 2003 wlis regionuli konferencia migraciis Sesaxeb, kievi; momxseneblebi irina ivaxniuki, “migraciuli moZraoba aRmosavleT evropis sazRvrebze” da iorgen karlingi da heidi ostbo haugeni “rogor gaivso afrikuli dasaxlebebi Cinuri maRaziebiT,” 2004. 10 sakvebis xarisxi restornebSi imdenad dabali iyo, rom iu huam gadawyvita TviTon


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90-ian wlebSi biznes-sawarmoebis gaxsnas ganapirobebda is, rom Cinelebis moTxovna gaizarda xe-tyeze, gansakuTrebiT ki faneraze, romelic evropuli wiflis xisgan mzaddeba, rac kavkasiaSi didi raodenobiT izrdeba.12 iu hua saqarTveloSi pirvelad 1999 wels xe-tyis bazarze gasvlis mizniT Camovida da darCa quTaisSi maSinac ki, rodesac misma kompaniam qveyana datova. misi azriT, im droisaTvis is erTaderTi Cineli iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi. CineTis bazris aramdgradobis gamo, bevri aseTi sawarmo warumatebeli aRmoCnda, Tumca, xe-tyis resursebi dRemde rCeba saqarTvelosadmi CineTis mzardi interesis sagnad.13

90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi Semosuli da aq dasaxlebuli Cinelebis umravlesobas aqvs sakuTari biznesi, kompaniebi an restornebi. maTi saTvistomo aq pataraa da ufro swori iqneba, Tu maT emigrantebs vuwodebT. bolo dros Semosuli ekonomikuri migrantebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelTagan

gaexsna restorani. sxva interviuSi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma erTerTma Cinelma aRniSna, rom CineTSi, nebismier ojaxSi, SeuZliaT ukeTesi kerZebis momzadeba, vidre Cinur restornebSi [saqarTveloSi]. [restornebSi] sakvebi mzaddeba ucxoelebis gemovnebiT.” 11 axlandeli restornebia: pikaso, saigoni, Sanxai, aRmosavleTis margaliti, CainaTauni, Sangrila da axali azia. 12 interviu iu huasTan, maisi, 2011. 13 Cengdus import-eqsportis korporacia, romlis axali saxelwodebaa CineTis Cengdus import-eqsportis kompania, 1999-2002 wlebSi awarmoebda xe-tyis Sesyidvas. dReisaTvis darCenil Cinur xe-tyis kompaniebs Sorisaa: ‘jorjia vud end industrial development ko. ltd,’ romelmac 2005 wels miiRo walenjixis raionSi xe-tyis damzadebis 25 wliani licenzia. aseve, licenziebi CxorowyuSi, imereTsa da kaxeTSi. “Cineli investorebi: urTierTgagebis ararsebobidan ormxrivad momgebian TanamSromlobamde,” Cinuri biznesi saqarTveloSi 2010, gamocemulia CineTis saxalxo respublikis saqarTvelos saelCos ekonomikuri da komerciuli mrCevelis ofisis mier. internet-misamarTi: http://ge2.mofcom.gov.cn/accessory/201010/1288252884648.pdf.

TiTqmis yvela samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebare Jejiangis da fujianis sanapiro raionebidanaa, isini Camosulebi arian CineTis yvela regionidan (pekinis, hebeis, siCuanis). am emigrantTagan zogierTs azerbaijansa da somxeTSi aqvs biznesi da investiciebi.

III. Cinuri biznesi 2000-2010 wlebSi

90-ian wlebSi vaWrobis masStabebi CineTsa da saqarTvelos Soris SedarebiT Semcirda. 2000-2010 wlebSi ki asjer gaizarda. 2000 wlis bolodan CineTma daiwyo axali “gasvliTi” strategiuli direqtivis ganxorcieleba, romelic gulisxmobda yuradRebis gamaxvilebas investiciebis Cadebaze qveynis farglebs gareT. amis gamo is sul ufro da ufro met ganviTarebad qveynasTan amyarebda savaWro urTierTobebs.14 dasavleTis presa did yuradRebas uTmobda CineTis urTierTobebs afrikis qveynebTan, Tumca, saqarTveloc erT-erTi TvalsaCino magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor Secvala CineTis saxalxo respublikam globaluri ekonomikuri strategia. Tumca, CineTis mier saqarTveloSi Cadebuli pirdapiri investiciebis odenoba arcTu ise didia da faqtobrivad 2008 wlidan uaryofiTic ki gaxda. miuxedavad amisa, bolo aTwleulSi saqarTveloSi funqcionirebs mniSvnelovnad meti msxvili Cinuri kompania, ganxorcielda

14 “qveynidan gasvlis” (“going-out”) politikis ganxorcieleba 2000 wels pirvelad daiwyo CineTis komunisturi partiis centralurma komitetma da bolos is Setanili iqna CineTis saxalxo respublikis me-10 xuTwlian gegmaSi. axali direqtiva xsnis uwindel SezRudvebs ucxo qveynebSi saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT da im kopaniebis zogierT seqtors, romlebic deben investiciebs sazRvargareT, uzrunvelyofs subsidiebiTa da misi politikis mxardaWeriT. ix: dunkan frimani, “CineTis sazRvargareTuli investiciebi: samoqmedo kursis mioxilva,” BICCS Policy Paper, 2008.


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infrastruqturuli proeqtebi, ris Sedegadac qveyanaSi Semovidnen axali migrantebi: investorebi, kompaniebis TanamSromlebi, specialistebi da mSeneblobis muSebi.

2001 wels sihuanis “eleqtroenergiis importisa da eqsportis korporaciam” kodoris xeobaSi xadoris eleqtrosadguris asaSeneblad 34 mil. aSS dolaris investicia Cado. xadori aris erTaderTi didi hidroeleqtrosadguri, romelic damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi am kompaniam aaSena. saZirkvelis Cayris ceremonialze maSindelma prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem ganacxada, rom daiwyo “am or qveyanas Soris ekonomikuri, teqnologiuri da savaWro TanamSromlobis axali etapi”. msgavsi azri gamoTqva 2004 wels mSeneblobis dasrulebis ceremonialze prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma.15 mSeneblobis dasawyisSi Cineli savele eqspertebis, proeqtis marTvasa da ganxorcielebaze zedamxedvel pirTa raodenoba mxolod ociode Tu iqneboda. am jgufis wevrTa umravlesobam saqarTvelo proeqtis dasrulebisTanave datova.16

2005 wels “Xinjiang Hualing Industry and

Trade Group”-is Svilobilma kompaniebma “Georgian Timber Processing Corporation” -ma da

“Georgian Wood & Industrial Group”-ma, romlebmac walenjixaSi xe-tyis damzadebis 25-wliani licenzia moipoves, zugdidTan axlos mdebare sofel liaSi aaSenes qarxana. sof. lias mcxovrebTa erT-erTi warmomadgenlis, vaxtang kvirkvelias sityvebiT, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba Tavdapirvelad SeaSfoTa

15 Cen raniuni, “ormxrivi sargebeli. . .” Cinuri biznesi saqarTveloSi 2010. 16 interviu Eastern Power Corporation -is warmomadgenelTan, ivnisi, 2011. dawyebuli 2000 wlidan pankisis xeoba iyo CeCeni meamboxe mebrZolebis samalavi da metad arastabiluri zona. 2002 wels ramdenimejer miitanes ieriSi xadoris hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis adgilze da dabombes igi. 2002 wlis aprilSi aseve Tavs daesxnen saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier eleqtrosadguris dasacavad ganlagebul usafrTxoebis Zalebs.

Cinelebis gamoCenam. SeSfoTeba kidev ufro gaizarda mas Semdeg, rac gaificnen am kompaniis mier daqiravebuli, xelfasiT da samuSao pirobebiT ukmayofilo qarTveli muSebi. mogvianebiT mdgomareoba gamosworda da sof. lias

erT-erTi mcxovrebis azriT, axla es kompania aris gadasaxadebis yvelaze msxvili gadamxdeli regionSi. man Seitana Tanxa adgilobrivi gzebis SesakeTeblad Seqmnil fondSi. kompania aseve exmareba

socialurad daucvel ojaxebs, skolebsა

da adgilobriv klinikebs. zamTarSi maT SeSiT amaragebs.17

2009 wlis seqtemberSi, ‘Xinjiang Hualing Group’-ma da saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministrom quTaisSi Tavisufali samrewvelo zonis Seqmnis Sesaxeb memorandums moaweres xeli. es Cinuri kompania ukve funqcionirebda saqarTveloSi da kaxeTis, imereTisa da samegrelos regionebSi awarmoebda xe-tyis meorad gadamuSavebas, aseve oqrosa da spilenZis mopovebas.18 memorandumis Tanaxmad, garda amisa, axlad SeZenil 88 000 kubur metr gadasaxadebisagan gaTavisuflebul miwis nakveTze xe-tyisa da mineralebs daamuSaveben. flobs ra tyis ganaSenianebis 20-wlian licenzias, 2010 wels Cinurma kompaniam ganaxorciela 100 mln. aSS dolaris investicia. mas aseve dagegmili aqvs aaSenos ramdenime qarxana, avejis damamzadebeli qarxnis CaTvliT.19 xelmoweris ceremonials daeswrnen saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili da CineTis elCi. sxva, SedarebiT axali investiciebi, telekomunikaciebis sferoSi Cades Semdegma msxvilma Cinurma kompaniebma

17 “Cineli investorebi,” Cinuri biznesi saqarTveloSi, 2010. 18 Cen raniuni, “ormxrivi sargebeli,” Cinuri biznesi saqarTveloSi, 2010. 19 CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCo saqarTveloSi, “Xinijang Hualing Group da saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro xels aweren gagebis memorandums Tavisufali industriuli zonis daarsebis Sesaxeb,” 14 ivlisi, 2009, http://ge.china-

embassy.org/chn/sgxx/t583931.htm [Cinurad]


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saqarTveloSi: ZTE korporaciam, Huawei Technology Company Ltd-m. arian, aseve, kerZo savaWro kompaniebi, romlebic ewevian Cinuri saqonlis farTomasStabian imports saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos latariis kompania (LLC), romelic udidesia qveyanaSi, nawilobriv hong kongis kompaniis mflobelobaSia; misi generaluri direqtori alen Cangi hong kongidanaa.20

aTwleulis meore naxevarSi farTomasStabiani samSeneblo proeqtebis ganxorcieleba Cinel kontraqtorebs daekisraT. pirveli amgvari proeqti 2007 wlis bolos gadaeca CineTis me-20 metalurgiul samSeneblo korporacias ‘park-haiat hotel’-is asaSeneblad. proeqtis ganxorcielebaze unda daxarjuliyo 200 mln. dolarze meti da mSeneblobaze unda emuSava 2500 Cinel da qarTvel muSas SefardebiT 70/30.21 2008 wlis omisa da globaluri finansuri krizisis Semdeg proeqtis ganxorcieleba Sewyda.

2010 wels sami farTomasStabiani, mravalmilioniani samSeneblo kotraqti gaformda or Cinur saxelmwifo korporaciasTan - ‘sinohidrosTan’ da ‘CineTis rkinigzis 23-e biuros jgufTan’ (Sps). korporacia ‘sinohidrom’ 2010 wlis aprilSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi rikoTis gvirabis reabilitaciis Sesaxeb kontraqts moawera xeli. es iyo pirveli sazogadoebrivi infrastruqturuli

proeqti, romelic tenderis გziT gadaeca Cinur kompanias. kompania SearCia ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros ucxouri proeqtebis ganyofilebam, romlis yofili xelmZRvanelis

20 qeTi CxikvaZe, “saqarTveloSi kompaniebis 18%-s hyavs ucxoeli prezideniti,” 7 ivnisi, 2010, http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/64380_18%25_of_Companies_in_Georgia_have_Foreign_CEOs/ 21 saqarTveloSi CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCos ekonomikuri da komeciuli konsultantis ofisi, “Sanxai MCC20 TbilisSi aaSenebs xuTvarskvlavian sastumros “parkHhaiat Tbilisi,” 23 ianvari, 2008, http://ge2.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/chinanews/200801/20080105351681.html.

gancxadebiT, kompaniis SerCeva ar iyo Zneli da upiratesoba mieniWa mas, vinc samuSaos ufro iafad Seasrulebda. kontraqtis fasi 19.8 mln. evroTi ganisazRvra, rac ‘evropis saerTaSoriso rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankma’ daafinansa. male korporacia ‘sinohidrom’ saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministrosgan axali kontraqti miiRo. Kkontraqts, romelic aWaraSi SemovliTi gzis mSeneblobas iTvaliswinebda, xeli moewera 2010 wlis noemberSi, Tumca masalebis Semotanis dagvianebis gamo, samuSaoebi mxolod 2011 wlis ivnisSi daiwyo.22 aWaris SemovliTi gzis mSeneblobis proeqts afinansebs ‘aziis ganviTarebis banki’, romelmac amisaTvis daaxloebiT 48 mil. evro gamoyo.23

kidev erTi samSeneblo proeqti, romelsac xeli moewera Cinur kompaniasTan, Tbilisis SemovliTi rkinigzis mSeneblobaa, rac dReisaTvis erTaderTi udidesi infrastruqturuli proeqtia saqarTveloSi. ‘CineTis rkinigzis 23-e biuros’ jgufma, romelmac Seqmna konsorciumi qarTul kompnia ‘xidmSenTan’, kontraqts xeli 2010 wlis maisSi moawera. proeqti mTlianad 277.3 mil. evrodaa Sefasebuli.24 samive proeqtSi gamoyenebulia rogorc adgilobrivi, ise CineTidan saqarTveloSi Semoyvanili samuSao Zala.

‘saqarTvelo-CineTis investiciebis marTvis korporaciis’ damaarsebeli firma, romelic monawileobda kontraqtis lobirebis saqmeSi, acxadebs, rom tenderis procesi iyo daZabuli da rTuli, vinaidan ‘evropis

22 interviu ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros ucxouri proeqtebis ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelTan, levan quTaTelaZesTan, ivnisi 2011. 23 saqarTvelos sagzao departamenti, statia gamoqveynda 2011 wlis 15 marts. http://www.georoad.ge/?que=eng/home&info=1125. 24 saqarTvelos rkinigza, sainformacio broSura Tbilisis SemovliTi sarkinigzo xazis Sesaxeb, www.railway.ge/files/Proeqtebi/Eng/gr_scoping_brochure_eng.pdf.


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rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki’ proeqts mxolod nawilobriv afinansebs; misi sityvebiT, dasavlur banks kontraqtis Cinuri kompaniisTvis gadacemis didi survili ar hqonda. man Tqva, rom lobirebis kampaniis procesSi, Cinurma mxarem ixmara fraza ‘win-win’ imis gadmosacemad, Tu ras moutanda kontraqtis ganxorcieleba rogorc saqarTvelos, ise CineTs da maT urTierTobas.

‘Win-win situation’ (situacia, romelSic yvela mxare mogebulia) aris fraza, romelsac Cveulebriv iyenebs CineTis mTavroba da Cinuri sawarmoebi, raTa ganmarton CineTis ekonomikuri saqmianoba dasavleTSi. zogierTi analitikosi SiSobs, rom Cinuri kompaniebi da Cinuri saqoneli ganviTarebad qveynebSi zedmet konkurencias gauweven adgilobrivi mrewvelobis sxvadasxva dargebs, razedac saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros ucxoeTTan vaWrobisa da saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelma mixeil janeliZem ganacxada, rom piriqiT, Cinur kompaniebs aqvT imdeni gamocdileba, rom daxmareba gauwion saqarTvelos ekonomikis garkveuli dargebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi; saqarTvelos mTavroba didad aris dainteresebuli maTi saqmianobiT.25 janeliZem aRniSna, rom is xedavs “udides potencials [saqarTvelo-CineTis] urTierTobebis gaRrmavebaSi”. ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis ministris moadgilem, arCil kekeliam Tqva, rom “CineTis mTavrobam daamtkica axali ekonomikuri gegma momavali xuTi wlisaTvis, romelSic naTqvamia, rom sazRvargareT investiciebis saxiT unda Caidos ramdenime aseuli milioni dolari. fondis udidesi nawili gansazRvrulia afrikuli saxelwifoebisaTvis, xolo Cven

25 interviu mixeil janeliZesTan, agvisto 2011.

yvelanairad vcdilobT movizidoT Cinuri investiciebi saqarTveloSi.”26

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, bolo aTwleulis manZilze mniSvnelovnad gaizarda vaWroba saqarTvelosa da CineTs Soris. 2010 wels saqarTvelos udides savaWro partniorTa Soris CineTi mexuTe iyo, xolo, 2011 wlis pirvel naxevarSi CineTi gaxda meoTxe udides savaWro partniorebs Soris da mas saqonelbrunvaSi win mxolod TurqeTi, azerbaijani da ukraina uswrebdnen.27 CineTTan mimarTebaSi savaWro balansi

daculi ar aris, Tumca janeliZis azriT.

26 rusTavi 2, “Cinelma investorebma SesaZloa investiciebi Cadon saqarTveloSi,” 4 aprili, 2011, http://www.rustavi2.com/news/includes/get_news_print.php?id_news=40974&ct=4. 27 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, “saqarTvelos sagareo vaWroba 2010 wels,” http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/bop/External%20Trade%20of%20Georgia%20in%202010-eng.pdf.


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es normaluria, roca saqme CineTTan gaqvs. miuxedavad amisa, qarTuli eqsporti CineTSi matulobs; 2010 wels saqarTvelom CineTSi eqsportis saxiT gaagzavna TiTqmis 500 000 evros Rirebulebis Rvino, aseTive raodenobiT Rvinis eqsporti ganxorcielda 2011 wlis pirvel naxevarSi.28 CineTs da saqarTvelos dadebuli ara aqvT preferencialuri savaWro xelSekruleba, Tumca arsebobs saqarTvelo-CineTis mTavrobaTaSorisi komisia savaWro da ekonomikur TanamSromlobasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic bolos 2010 wlis dekemberSi Seikriba pekinSi.

axlaxan daniSnuli pirdapiri sahaero reisebi Tbilissa da CineTis dasavleT nawilSi mdebare qalaq urumqis Soris, aseve xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelo-CineTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ganmtkicebas.29 ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis ministrma, vera qobaliam, TbilisSi gamarTul biznes-forumze aRniSna, rom es reisebi ara marto gaaZlierebs turizms CineTSi, aramed, xels Seuwyobs qarTul sawarmoebs CineTis bazrebze gaitanon produqcia.30 saubaria, aseve, CineTis bankis filialis gaxsnaze TbilisSi.31

28 interviu mixeil janeliZesTan, agvisto 2011. 29 saqarTveloSi CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCos ekonomikuri da komeciuli konsultantis ofisi, “Sesrulda pirveli pirdapiri sahaero reisi CineTsa da saqarTvelos Soris,” 10 ivnisi, 2011, http://ge2.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/chinanews/201106/20110607599485.html. 30 erovnuli sainvesticio saagento, “saqarTvelo-CineTis biznes-forumi,” http://www.investingeorgia.org/?107/1704/. 31 nino edilaSvili “saqarTvelo eZiebs partniorobas CineTTan da indoeTTan,” 12 noemberi, 2010, http://www.georgiatoday.ge/article_details.php?id=8437.


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naxazi 1: CineT-saqarTvelos ormxrivi vaWrobis moculoba32

2.86 5.43 2.61 2.73 4.91 8.06 19.71

39.96

134.59

201.74

146.50

251.34

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Mil

lion

s (E

UR

)

Chinese Imports to Georgia Georgian Exports to China

32 2005 da 2006 wlebis monacemebi ar arsebobs. wyaro: CineTis sagareo saqmeTa saministro. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gxh/cgb/zcgmzysx/yz/1206_10/1206x1/t6931.htm [Cinurad], saqarTvelos statistikis

erovnuli samsaxuri, http://www.geostat.ge/.


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IV. Cineli migrantebi

4.1 ekonomikuri migrantebi

ekonomikuri migrantebis pirvelma nakadma saqarTveloSi Semosvla daaxloebiT 2003 wels daiwyo da maT umravlesobas aranairi kavSiri ar hqonda TavianT Tanamemamule msxvili biznesis warmomadgenlebTan. isini umTavresad moedinebodnen fujianisa da Jejiangis provinciebidan. orive provincia ki cnobilia misi macxovreblebis ganwyobiT, wavidnen sacxovreblad dasavleTSi.33 swored maSin SeiZleboda imis danaxva, Tu rogor ixsneboda pirveli damoukidebeli da patara Cinuri maRaziebi, Tumca, wlis bolosaTvis Cineli mosaxleobis raodenoba saqarTveloSi 100-ze naklebi iyo.34

procesi daCqarda mas Semdeg, rac maT, vinc warmatebiT aamuSava maRaziebi, daiwyes TavianTi ojaxis wevrebis, megobrebisa da nacnobebis saqarTveloSi mowveva. aseT jaWvur migracias xeli Seuwyo, 2006 wels ori savaWro centris - Cinuri saqonlis da lilos Cinuri bazris gaxsnam. Cinuri saqonlis centri gaxsna Cinelma emigrantma iu huam, xolo

33 erTerTi maRaziis mflobelis gadmocemiT, masTan mividnen ‘sneikhedebi’ (adamianebis trefikingiT dakavebuli pirebi) da saqarTveloSi Cinelebis Semosayvan vizaSi moiTxoves 50 000 - 60 000 RMB, renminbi (Cinuri fulis erTeuli), rac daaxloebiT udris (~5,500-6,500 evros). am maRaziis mflobelma aRniSna, rom uSualod saqarTveloSi Semosasvlelad saWiro dokumentebis asaRebad gadaxdili hqonda 20 000 RMB (~2 180 evro). miuxedavad imisa, rom vizis asaRebad dawesebuli SezRudvebi gansakuTrebulad mkacri ar aris, dainteresebul pirebs urCevniaT TviTon aiRon saWiro dokumentebi. sxva maRaziis mflobelma ki am konkretuli mizniT ‘sneikhedebis’ saqarTveloSi Camosvla saeWvod miiCnia. 34 jon hadsoni, “martivi sagnebidan urTules telekomunikaciebamde: Cinuri komerciis aRqma saqarTveloSi,” 2008, http://www.investor.ge/issues/2008_5/02.htm.

lilos Cinuri bazari ki - Cineli partniorebis jgufma, teritoriis mflobel qarTvel qalTan erTad. orive SemTxvevaSi sakuTreba dayofili iyo ufro patara qveganayofebad, romlebsac ijariT sTavazobdnen Cinelebs. Cinuri saqonlis savaWro centrSi iyo daaxloebiT 50 sxvadasxva maRazia, romlebSic 100 Cineli momsaxure personali muSaobda. iu huas sityvebiT, am CinelTagan 90% iyo CineTis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebare Jejiangis provinciidan, xolo danarCeni, misi mosazRvre fujianis provinciidan. iu hua exmareboda Cinelebs saqarTveloSi CamosvlaSi, raTa Semdeg isini daxmarebodnen mas maRaziebis marTvaSi da uzrunvelyofda maT imigraciisaTvis saWiro dokumentaciiT. organizaciuli sakiTxebis mougvareblobis gamo, 2007 wels Cinuri saqonlis savaWro centri daixura, xolo zogierTma Cinelma moaxerxa Tavisi maRaziis liloSi gadatana. lilos Cinuri bazari dResdReobiT isev funqcionirebs da warmoadgens saqarTveloSi Semosuli Cineli migrantebis Sekrebis adgils.35 2010 wlis 19 dekebers, CineTis elCi Cen jianfu estumra lilos - Sexvda maRaziis mflobelebs, Seaqo isini saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis da sTxova maT gaegrZelebinaT TavianTi saqme.36

JeZiangis provinciidan Semosuli ekonomikuri migrantebis umravlesoba qingtianis olqidanaa. Jejiangis provincia aris wvrilmani saqonlis warmoebis centri CineTSi, xolo mwiri resursebis mqone qingtianis olqSi arsebobs istoriuli tradicia imisa, rom mosaxleoba iqidan xSirad midis

35 sinamdvileSi am adgils hqvia ‘lilo-siTi’ da gansakuTrebiT aqtiuria oTxSabaTobiT da SabaTobiT. 36 CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCo

saqarTveloSi, “CineTis elCi Cen jianfu,

Tbilisi; lilos bazrobis movaWreebi,” 19

dekemberi, 2010, http://ge.china-

embassy.org/chn/xwdt/t779361.htm.


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sazRvargareT emigraciaSi.37 qingtiani jer kidev ekonomikurad ganviTarebadi olqia; aq mxolod 1998 wlidan avida saSualo Semosavlis maCvenebeli siRaribis zRvars zemoT. am olqidan dasavleTis qveynebSi Casuli maRali anazRaurebis mqone biznesmenebis ricxvi matulobs, Tumca, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qingtianeli migrantebi Cveulebriv kmayofildebian imiT, rom CineTSi darCenil TavianT ojaxebs ugzavnian minimaluri odenobiT fulad gzavnilebs.38 maTi ganaTlebis done sxvadasxvaa: zogierTi maRaziis mflobeli, romelic saqarTveloSi nacnobebma Camoiyvanes, axali skoladamTavrebulia, zogi ufro asakovani ki, aq siRaribem Camoiyvana da mas aranairi ganaTleba ara aqvs miRebuli.

len haibingi, Jejiangis TanasoflelTa asociaciis amJamindeli prezidenti, sazRvargareT wasvlamde mSeneblobaze muSaobda muSad - iseve, rogorc kidev erTi gamokiTxuli wyvili fujianis provinciidan. arian zogierTebi, romlebic saqarTveloSi Camosvlamde CineTSi sxvadasxva saqonliT vaWrobdnen. qingtianis mcxovrebni sakuTar dialeqtze saubroben da saqarTvelos Cinur bazrebze maTi simravle saSualebas aZlevT, yoveldRiurad gamoiyenon mSobliuri ena.

2007 wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi sul 700-ze meti Cineli cxovrobda, maTgan daaxloebiT 200 Cineli - Jejiangidan.39

37 qingtianeli mosaxleobis TiTqmis naxevari sazRvargareT cxovrobs. isini gafantulni arian 176 qveyanaSi, ZiriTadad dasavleT evropaSi. wyaro: lin Sujuani, “samSobloSi dabruneba”, China Daily, 2 marti, 2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2010-03/02/content_9524352.htm. 38 Jang qsiumingi, “fuladi gadaricxvebi, Semowirulobebi da investiciebi qingtianis olqSi 1978 wlidan,” naSromSi: CainaTaunis gareT: axali Cinuri migracia da CineTis

globaluri gafarToveba, Mette Thunø, 2007.

39 saelCos veb-gverdi, aseve, jon hadsoni, “From Trinkets to Telecom,” 2008, http://www.investor.ge/issues/2008_5/02.htm.

imave wlis agvistoSi, Seiqmna Jejiangis TanasoflelTa asociacia - rac savaraudod dakavSirebuli iyo ori kviriT adre Jejiangis gubernatoris saqarTveloSi vizitTan. is specialurad estumra lilos Cinur bazars.40 asociaciis inauguraciis ceremonialze, arCeulma prezidentma qiu Cunguanma ganacxada, rom asociaciis pirvelad mizans warmoadgenda Jejiangis mkvidrTa kavSirebisa da kulturuli TviTSegnebis gaZliereba, rac daexmareba mis wevrebs qarTul sazogadoebasTan integraciaSi, xolo, CineTsa da maT mSobliur provincias - winsvlaSi. Sexvedras eswrebodnen saelCos mrCeveli da CineTis konsuli. qiu Cunguani, iseve, rogorc misi amJamindeli Semcvleli, qingtianis mkvidria.41

interviuSi yvelam ganacxada, rom migraciam piks 2008 wels miaRwia, mas Semdeg, mcire biznesisaTvis qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo, bevrma Cinelma datova qveyana. 2009 wlis bolos saqarTveloSi CineTis saelCos ekonomikuri da komerciuli ganyofilebis mrCevelma, Cen ranianma interviuSi ganacxada, rom amis mizezi nawilobriv globaluri finansuri krizisi da omis Semdgom saqarTvelos ekonomikis mdgomareoba iyo. misi gadmocemiT, “2009 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi importirebuli Cinuri produqciis odenoba 50%-iT Semcirda. saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis saerTo myidvelunarianoba mkveTrad daeca. aman gamoiwvia bevri Cineli sacalo movaWris gakotreba.”42 Cinuri saqonlis

40 “Jejiangis provinciis vice-gubernatoris

vizitebi saqarTveloSi,” 6 seqtemberi, 2007,

http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=259384536 [Cinurad]. 41 saxelmwifo sabWos CineTis saqmeTa sazRvargareTis ofisi, “saqarTveloSi dafuZnebuli Jejiangis asociacia: qiu Cunguanma pirveli prezidenti airCia,” 17 agvisto, 2007, http://www.gqb.gov.cn/news/2007/0817/1/6265.shtml [Cinurad]. 42 madona hasanova, “saqarTveloSi yvavis Cinuri biznesi,” 19 oqtomberi, 2009, http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/49736_Chinese_Businesses_Booming_in_Georgia_/


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konteinerul gadazidvebze momatebulma gadasaxadebma da sabaJos xelZRvanel pirTa mier “gaberilma sainspeqcio mosakreblebma”, aseve, xeli Seuwyo warumateblobas.43

wasulebis nacvlad qveyanaSi Semovidnen axali Cineli migrantebi, Tumca maRaziis is mflobelebi, romlebic saqarTveloSi 2009 wlamde Semovidnen, amtkiceben, rom 2009 wlis bolosaTvis maTi raodenobis kleba daiwyo. Cinel maRaziis mflobelTa raodenobis Semcirebis kidev erTi mizezi SeiZleba iyos bazarze arsebuli situacia. krizisma cxadyo, rom erTmaneTis siaxloves erTnairi tipis mravali maRaziis arseboba araefeqturia. iyo dro, rodesac aRmaSeneblis gamzirze gaxsnili iyo eqvsi Cinuri maRazia, amJamad iq mxolod oria. “mas Semdeg rac is maRaziebi daixura, CvenTan imata myidvelebis ricxvma”, Tqva interviuSi 2009 wels erT-erTma maRaziis mflobelma.44

kidev erTi maRaziis mflobeli, romelic saqarTveloSi 2004 wels Camovida, amtkicebs, rom biznesis vardnis mizezi Cinuri maRaziebis simravlea.45 garda maRaziis daxurvisa da saqarTvelos samudamod datovebisa, erT-erTi pasuxi ‘bazarze arsebul situaciasTan’ dakavSirebiT SeiZleba yofiliyo saqarTvelos farglebSi geografiuli gafarToveba. Cinur maRaziebs axla SexvdebiT axalcixeSi, zugdidsa da lagodexSi. TbilisSi erT-erTma maRaziis mflobelma interviuSi ganacxada, rom adgilobrivi meoradi saqonlis maRaziebis simravlis gamo dedaqalaqSi biznesis keTeba rTulia. xolo, maRaziis patronis TanaSemwem

43 interviu didubis bazrobis movaWresTan da jon hadsonTan, “Cinuri komerciis aRqma saqarTveloSi,” 2008, http://www.investor.ge/issues/2008_5/02.htm. 44 madona hasanova, “saqarTveloSi yvavis Cinuri biznesi,” 19 oqtomberi, 2009, http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/49736_Chinese_Businesses_Booming_in_Georgia_/ 45 interviu maRaziis mflobelTan, ivlisi, 2011.

fujianidan, romelic axla azerbaijanis sazRvarTan mdebare q. lagodexSi muSaobs, Tqva, rom dabali saijaro gadasaxadebis gamo soflad naklebia zewola.46 len haibingma daadgina, rom 2011 wlis Sua periodSi saqarTveloSi cxovrobs daaxloebiT 600 Cineli maRaziis mflobeli da kidev isini, vinc wvrilmani saqonlis sacalo vaWrobiTaa dakavebuli.47

4.2 Cineli muSebi am droisaTvis Cinuri kompaniebi qveyanaSi axorcieleben sam msxvilmasStabian infrastruqturul proeqts. saqarTveloSi korporacia ‘sinohidros’ menejeris moadgilis sityvebiT, amJamad, rikoTis gvirabis reabilitaciis proeqtze muSaobs daaxloebiT 60 Cineli da 140 qarTveli muSa. aWaris SemovliTi gzis mSeneblobaze ki daaxloebiT 100 Cineli. ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro amtkicebs, rom ucxoelma kontraqtorebma unda gamoiyenon adgilobrivi muSaxelis sul mcire 70%. es aris politika, romlis ganxorcielebac mowmdeba drogamoSvebiT samuSao adgilze saministros warmomadgenlis stumrobiT.48 rikoTis gvirabis proeqtis ganxorcieleba ukve srulad amoqmedda, xolo, aWaris SemovliTi gzis mSeneblobis proeqti ki, sawyis fazaSia. sabolood mis ganxorcielebaSi monawileoba unda miiRos daaxloebiT 1000-ma muSam, romelTagan umravlesoba adgilobrivi iqneba. Cineli da qarTveli muSebi mxardamxar Sromoben da ‘sinohidros’ menejeris moadgilis sityvebiT - am dromde maT Soris arsebobs SesaniSnavi

damokidebuleba. Cineli muSebi cxovroben samuSao adgilze aSenebul droebiT sacxovrebel kompleqsebSi, romlebic proeqtebis dasrulebis Semdeg daiSleba. manve aRniSna, rom kompanias aqvs mkveTrad

46 interviu maRaziaSi damxmaresTan, ivlisi 2011. 47 interviu lan haibingTan, maisi 2011. 48 interviu levan quTaTelaZesTan, ivnisi 2011.


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gamoxatuli politika, maqsimalurad gamoiyenos adgilobrivi adamianuri resursi.49 orive proeqtis dasruleba 2012 wlisaTvis aris dagegmili.

rikoTis gvirabisa da aWaris SemovliTi gzis proeqtebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebsac mTavroba afinansebs, xolo kontraqtebi gaformebulia Sesyidvebis Sesaxeb kanonis mixedviT, mesame proeqti Tbilisis SemovliTi rkinigzis Sesaxeb xorcieldeba 1999 wlis FIDIC –is mier (konsultant inJinerTa saerTaSoriso federacia) yviTel wignSi mocemuli kontraqtis pirobebis Sesabamisad. is ar uyenebs moTxovnebs CineTis rkinigzis 23-e biuros jgufs’ daqiravebul muSebTan da qvekontraqtorebTan mimarTebaSi; proeqtisze amJamad saqarTveloSi muSaobs daaxloebiT 400-mde Cineli TanamSromeli da muSa, agreTve, daqiravebulia 600 qarTveli muSa. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo rkinigzis kompania, ‘saqarTvelos rkinigzis’ (Sps) erT-erTma maRali Tanamdebobis pirma ganacxada, rom is SeSfoTebulia am cifrebiT da misi uwyeba cdilobs, gazardos Cinuri kompaniis mier adgilobrivi muSaxelis gamoyeneba idealur maCveneblamde - 70%-mde.50

manve aRniSna, rom ‘CineTis rkinigzis 23-e biuros jgufs’, kontraqtors, aqvs marTvis dasavluri kompaniebisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli stili. is yuradRebas amaxvilebs ara procedurebze, zust dagegmvaze an Tundac usafrTxoebis zomebze, aramed, mkacrad gansazRvrul Sedegebze. kompaniam SeZlo samuSaos Zalian swrafad dasruleba, Tumca es moxda Sromis pirobebis gauaresebis xarjze, rac ganxiluli iqneba qvemoT, am statiaSi. samuSao gundi gayofilia qarTvel da Cinel muSebad. Cineli mSeneblobis muSebi, romelTa raodenoba 200-mdea,

49 interviu ‘sinohidros’ menejeris moadgilesTan saqarTveloSi, ivnisi, 2011. 50 interviu saqarTvelos rkinigzis Sesyidvebis ganyofilebis ufrosis moadgilesTan, ivlisi, 2011.

saqarTveloSi 2011 wlis dasawyisSi CineTis samxreTiT mdebare hunanis provinciidan Camoiyvanes. maTi asaki da ganaTlebis done sxvadasxvaa da isini saqarTveloSi nebayoflobiT TavianTi ojaxebisaTvis fulis saSovnelad Camovidnen, an ucxo qveynis gasacnobad. rkinigzis proeqti savaraudod 2013 wels unda dasruldes, ris Semdegac yvela Cineli muSa datovebs qveyanas. samive aRniSnul proeqtSi, mmarTveli gundi, inJinrebi da sxva specialistebi umTavresad Cinelebi arian. isini qarTvel kolegebTan urTierTobisaTvis iyeneben inglisur enas an Tarjimnebs.51

mTlianobaSi, kontraqtis safuZvelze momuSave Cineli muSebis raodenoba 400-ze naklebia. am muSaTagan, savaraudod, aravin moindomebs kontraqtis dasrulebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi darCenas. am droisaTvis, isini Seadgenen saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi Cineli mosaxleobis TiTqmis naxevars - maT Caanacvles is Cineli ekonomikuri migrantebi, romlebmac bolo wlebSi datoves saqarTvelo, imis gamo, rom ver aawyves biznesi da ver miiRes sargebeli.

V. yoveldRiuri cxovreba da integraciis sakiTxebi

5.1 cxovreba saqarTveloSi

saqarTveloSi Cinelebis cxovreba SeiZleba mkveTrad gansxvavebuli iyos, rac damokidebulia imaze, Tu ras saqmianoben isini, arian biznesmenebi, kompaniis TanamSromlebi, ekonomikuri migrantebi Tu mSeneblobaze momuSaveebi. maTi cxovreba gansxvavdeba ara marto ekonomikuri da socialuri pirobebis, aramed integraciis donis, maTi TvalTaxedvis da mowyvladobis mixedviT.

51 interviu ‘sinohidros’ menejeris moadgilesTan da interviu levan quTaTelaZesTan, ivnisi da ivlisi, 2011.


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magaliTad, ekonomikuri migrantebis umravlesoba ar aris dainteresebuli integraciiT. isini TiTqmis ar floben qarTuls, ician mxolod imdeni, ramdenic sWirdebaT momxmarebelTan komerciuli urTierTobisaTvis. axlo urTierTobas inarCuneben mxolod TavianT Tanamemamule CinelebTan. regionebSi TiTqmis yvela maTgani samuSaod iyvans adgilobriv qarTvelebs, ZiriTadad qalebs. maRaziaSi Cineli mepatrone udides dros atarebs kompiuterTan da amiT cdilobs drois gayvanas. lilos Cinur bazarze zogierTi Cineli cxovrobs im sasawyobe nagebobaSi, sadac Tavisi saqonliT vaWrobs. bevrs Zalian uWirs Segueba dietasTan, romelic yvelisa da purisgan Sedgeba da TviTon imzadebs Cinur saWmels. maRaziebs Soris dainaxavT patara bavSvebsac, romlebsac miuxedvad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi arian dabadebulni, agzavnian CineTSi asakovan naTesavebTan, rac ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Cinuri ojaxebisTvis miRebulia.

imasTan dakavSirebiT dasmul kiTxvaze, Tu ras apireben momavalSi, maRaziis yvela mflobelma ganacxada, rom ar gaaCniaT qveyanaSi darCenis grZelvadiani gegma. maTac ki, vinc saqarTveloSi ukve eqvsi welia cxovrobs, ganacxades, rom erT-or weliwadSi gegmaven CineTSi dabrunebas. maT ki, visac ara aqvs dadgenili dabrunebis TariRi, Tqves, rom es damokidebulia sakuTari biznesis warmateba/warumateblobaze. “me waval iq, sadac SevZleb fulis Sovnas,” - aseTia bevri ekonomikuri migrantis ganwyoba, romelic Tavis cxovrebas saqarTveloSi uyurebs rogorc wminda komerciul saqmianobas.

maTi ‘socialuri gancalkeveba’ ucxo ar aris saqarTvelosTvis; miuxedavad imisa, rom yovelTvis aris gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi, bevr ganviTarebad qveyanaSi, sadac cxovrobs Cineli mewarme migrantebis sazogadoeba, es Cveulebrivi movlenaa, vinaidan qveynebi Tavad avlenen mcire interess Cinelebis socialuri, integraciis mimarT, rac ar gulisxmobs maT politikur sistemaSi

CarTvas.52 ZiriTadad aq saubaria ekonomikur migrantebze, romelTa ganaTlebis done ufro dabalia, vidre maTi investorebis da biznes-partniorebisa. saerTod, rac ufro maRalia socialur-ekonomikuri statusi - rac ufro kargad flobs is rusul an inglisur enebs da ainteresebs qarTuli kultura, miT ufro advilia misi integracia qarTul sazogadoebaSi.

magaliTad, arian mcire raodenobiT Cineli biznesmenebi da migrantebi, romlebic bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi cxovrobdnen saqarTveloSi. maTi umravlesoba garkveul doneze flobda rusul enas da dadasturebulia, rom amaTgan rvam qarTveli qali moiyvana colad. am rvidan eqvss hyavs bavSvebi, romlebic axla saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi arian. es mniSvnelovani raodenobaa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, ra mcirericxovania aq CinelTa sazogadoeba. erTi ojaxi dabrunda CineTSi, erTic amJamad germaniaSi cxovrobs - danarCenebi ki albaT arCeven saqarTveloSi darCenas da axal ojaxebs CineTSi ar waiyvanen sacxovreblad.53

mSeneblobis muSebisaTvis, romlebic mxolod samuSaod arian Camosuli da qveyanas datoveben maSinve, rogorc ki maTi kontraqti, an maTi proeqti dasruldeba, saqarTveloSi cxovreba Zalian gansxvavebulia. Cinel ekonomikur migrantebs uxdebaT urTierToba qarTvel momxmareblebTan da amitom, TiTqmis yvela swavlobs saWiro frazebs qarTulad - mSenebel muSebs ki amgvari stimuli ar gaaCniaT. Cveulebriv, isini miekuTvnebian dabal socialur fenas da ar floben ucxo enebs, arc rusuls, arc inglisurs. bevr maTgans

52 adgili hqonda kuriozul mcdelobas Cinuri maRaziebi gamoeyenebinaT wminda komerciuli urTierTobis dasamyareblad adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan keip verdeSi, afrikaSi, sadac ‘samSvidobo korpusis’ moxaliseebi da adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizacia Seecadnen prezervativebis gavrcelebas maT Cinur maRaziebSi Setanis gziT, sadac momxmareblis anonimuroba ufro saimedod iqneboda daculi 53 interviu liang iugangTan, ivnisi 2011.


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uWirs qarTul samzareulosTan Segueba. erTma jgufma aRwera, Tu rogor scades gaesinjaT puri, magram aRmoaCines, rom is saSinlad ugemuria. sakvebis mosamzadeblad kompania qiraobs Cinel mzareuls TavianTi mSobliuri hunanis provinciidan. mSenebeli muSebis umravlesobas ara aqvs ucxo qveyanaSi cxovrebis gamocdileba.

muSebis samuSao pirobebi mZimea. Tbilisis SemovliTi rkinigzis proeqtis samuSao dRe gadis mZime SromaSi da grZeldeba 11-12 saaTs, ris Semdegac muSebi midian samuSao adgilTan axlos mdebare saxlebSi da iZineben TviTnakeT sawolebSi. isini saqarTveloSi Camoiyvanes ise, rom winaswar xeli ar mouweriaT oficialur kontraqtze, amitom iZulebulni arian daemorCilon TavianTi damqiraveblis usafuZvlo moTxovnebs. 2011 wels sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi maT xelfass ar uxdidnen, mizezad ki CineTis kinigzis 23-e biuros jgufis finansur problemebi dasaxelda. garda amisa, maT mxolod axla acnobes, rom yovelTviurad xelfasidan daukaveben 20%-s, rasac isini miiReben mxolod proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg. sxva sityvebiT, maTi gamomuSavebuli fulis 20%-s isini ori wlis ganmavlobaSi TvaliT ver naxaven. muSebma am sakiTxis mosagvareblad mimarTes CineTis saelCos. isini aseve ver sargebloben saWiro samedicino momsaxurebiT an dazRveviT, qarTuli ena ki ar ician im doneze, rom TviTon iSovon saqarTveloSi wamali. aseT SemTxvevebSi, SesaZlebeli unda iyos Cinuri biznesis praqtikis Semowmeba da is unda warimarTos, sul mcire, saqarTvelos Sromis kanonmdelobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

jerjerobiT saqarTvelos ekonomikas ar gaaCnia ‘eTnikuri samsaxuris’ seqtori CinelebisaTvis. Znelia Cinuri sakvebi produqtebis Sovna, garda imisa, rac SemoaqvT pirebs, romlebic intensiurad stumroben CineTs. erTi restornis mzareuli Cinuri kerZebis mosamzadeblad xandaxan iyenebs aq mcxovrebi Cineli ojaxis mier sakuTar ezoSi moyvanil bostneuls.

5.2 qarTvelebis damokidebuleba

Cineli migrantebis azri imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor uyureben da eqcevian maT qarTul sazogadoebaSi, sxvadasxvagvaria, imisda mixedviT, Tu vin aris respondenti. liloSi mcxovrebi izolirebuli Cinelebidan bevri respondenti ar ganicdis diskriminacias an cud mopyrobas qarTul sazogadoebaSi. Tumca, maRaziis mflobelni da bazris movaWreebi, romlebic lilos farglebs gareT muSaoben da yoveldRiurad ufro axlo urTierTobaSi arian qarTvelebTan, grZnoben garkveuli xarisxis rasizms. rodesac erT-erT quCis movaWres, romelic didubeSi yidda Tavis saqonels, hkiTxes qarTvelebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, man maSinve upasuxa, rom ‘Cinelebs aq aranairi statusi ara aqvT’ da saubarSi axsena erTi nacnobi Cineli, romelic amtkicebda, rom CineTSi amgvari moqceva gaxdeboda Cxubis an vinmes mkvlelobis mizezic ki.

respondentis sityvebiT, imis gamo, rom Cinuri saqoneli qarTvelebs Soris umetesad dabali reputaciiT sargeblobs da is uxarisxod iTvleba, is iZulebulia fasebi dabla daswios, raTa es saqoneli konkurentunariani gaxados.54

man ukmayofileba gamoTqva imis gamo, rom qarTveli an boSa movaWreebi xSirad TavianT Cinur saqonels Turqul nawarmad asaReben da SeuZliaT ufro didi fasi daadon mas. misi sityvebiT, imis gamo, rom maT ar ician qarTuli ena, iZulebulni arian pasiurebi iyvnen diskriminaciis mimarT. Semdeg man daazusta Tavisi naTqvami da aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis naxevari sruliad tolerantulia.55 meore movaWrem ki, romelsac maRazia diRomSi aqvs gaxsnili, da romelic manamde

54 pirad saubrebSi, zogierTma qarTvelma gamoxata ukmayofileba qveyanaSi Cinuri maRaziebis ricxvis zrdis gamo - umetesad am ukmayofilebis mizezad asaxelebdnen maTi saqonlis dabal xarisxs. 55 interviu quCis movaWresTan TbilisSi, maisi 2011.


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CrdiloeT afrikaSi msaxurobda, gamoTqva msgavsi azri imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Cinelebs ‘ar gaaCniaT statusi’ da ucxo qveynebSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mxridan dacinvis sagans warmoadgenen.56 rogorc erTma maRaziis mflobelma aRniSna, Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebi miesalmebodnen Cinelebis Camosvlas, rogorc ucnaur siaxles, magram roca maTi ricxvi gaizarda, isini gaRiziandnen.57 ucnobia, Tu rogor uyureben qarTvelebi Cineli mSenebeli muSebis qveyanaSi didi raodenobiT Semosvlas. imis gamo, rom es muSebi umTavresad mSeneblobis adgilebze rCebian, qarTvelebisaTvis cnobili ar aris qveyanaSi maTi yofnis Sesaxeb.

qarTvelebisaTvis qsenofobia damaxasiaTebeli ar aris, Tumca arc imis Tqma SeiZleba, rom maT ar gaaCniaT anti-imigraciuli ganwyoba. 2008 wels gamoqveynebul erT-erT statiaSi daibeWda citata qarTveli mSenebeli muSis saubridan: “me var qarTveli kaci da var qristiani, magram mainc winaaRmdegi var maTi. . . vxedav, Tu rogor muSaoben qarTveli qalebi maT maRaziebSi da damcirebulad vgrZnob Tavs - damcirebulad imitom, rom mTavroba gvikeTebs amas.”58

gavrclebulia azri TiTqos saqarTvelos mTavroba aqtiurad uwyobs xels Cinelebis migracias, Tavad Cinelebi ki fuls uxdian qarTvelebs maTze daqorwinebisaTvis da am gziT iReben saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas. 2008 wlis ivlisSi “pirveli arxis” gadacema ‘kedelSi’, romelic exeboda ucxoelebis yofnas saqarTveloSi, erTma qalma aRniSna: “Cinelebi Zalian xSirad xdebian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, rasac aRweven qarTvelebze daqorwinebis gziT. Cinelebi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs 7000 aSS dolars uxdian maTze daqorwinebisaTvis - es aris Wori, romelic me gavige.”59

56 interviu maRaziis mflobelTan, marti, 2011. 57 man gaixsena SemTxveva Tbilisis aeroportSi, rodesac dainaxa Tu rogor SeafurTxes Cinels, maisi, 2011. 58 jon hadsoni, “From Trinkets to Yelecom,” 2008, http://www.investor.ge/issues/2008_5/02.htm. 59 iqve.

gaugebaria, saidan modis es Worebi, magram Cineli biznesmenebis qarTvel qalebze daqorwinebis yvela cnobil SemTxvevaSi, mamakacebi yovelTvis inarCunebdnen CineTis moqalaqeobas. sxva dausabuTebeli Worebi exeba sakiTxs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Cinelebi, miwis moTxovnisaTvis gancxadebaSi TavianT gvarebs amateben qarTuli gvarebis daboloebas “Svili”. am bolo dros arsebobs tendencia, rom gadaWarbebiT Seafason qveyanaSi Semosuli Cinelebis raodenoba, rasac zogierTi Cinelic ki iziarebs.60

aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom garda maRaziis mflobelebisa da sacalo vaWrobiT dakavebuli Cineli biznesmenebisa, kompaniis TanamSromlebsa da restoranSi momuSaveebsac ki, qarTvelebTan urTierTobaSi an qarTul sazogadoebaSi cxovrebasTan dakavSirebiT ara aqvT aranairi problema. “Cinel biznesmenebs am bolo dros ar hqoniaT aranairi problema qarTul bazarze Semosvlisas. saqarTveloSi biznesis garemo kargia. qarTvelebs da Cinelebs megobruli urTierToba aqvT,”- aRniSna saqarTveloSi CineTis saelCos ekonomikurma mrCevelma Cen ranienma.61 satelekomunikacio produqciis

mwarmoebeli Cinuri kompania ZTE - is mTavarma warmomadgenelma saqarTveloSi, san Cengma Tqva, rom Tavidan maT uyurebdnen rogorc patara kompanias, romelic cdilobda gaeyida Tavisi dabali xarisxis produqcia, magram dRes ZTE aris qveyanaSi yvela qarTuli msxvili satelefono momsaxurebis

60 erT SemTxvevaSi, sadilobisas, Cineli biznesmeni da saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros maRalCinosani daniZlavdnen imaze, Tu ramdeni Cineli iyo qveyanaSi. qarTveli maRalCinosnis azriT qveyanaSi imyofeboda 5 000 Cineli. Sesabamis uwyebaSi darekvisas aRmoCnda, rom maTi ricxvi 1 400-s udrida. meore SemTxvevaSi Cinuri telekomis warmomadgenelma maTi raodenoba 3 000-iT gansazRvra. 61 madona hasanova, “saqarTveloSi yvavis Cinuri biznesi,” 19 oqtomberi, 2009, http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/49736_Chinese_Businesses_Booming_in_Georgia_/


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operatoris partniori. manve aRniSna, rom im Cinelebs, romlebic CarTulni arian farTomasStabian biznesSi da SemoaqvT msxvili investiciebi, Zalian kargad epyroba, rogorc mTavroba, ise qarTveli xalxi.62 Lliu guangvenma, romelic saqarTveloSi 1958 wlidan cxovrobs, aseve Tqva, rom mTeli am drois ganmavlobaSi mas ar axsovs eTnikuri diskriminaciis arc erTi faqti, da rogorc wesi, qarTvelebi gamoxataven TavianT pativiscemas Cinuri kulturis mimarT.63

5.3 registracia da potenciuri problemebi

2006 wels Cineli migrantebi Seadgendnen saqarTveloSi droebiTi cxovrebis nebarTvis misaRebad ganmcxadeblebis 11%-s. es iyo meore didi jgufi Turqi migrantebis Semdeg, romelTa raodenobac iyo 892 an 54%.64 2009 wlis martidan kanoni migrantebisgan iTxovda registraciis gavlas iusticiis saministros samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi da piradobis damadasturebeli mowmobis miRebas. imisaTvis, rom qveynidan gasvlisas gadakveTo sazRvari da gaiaro mesazRvreebis Semowmeba, saWiroa piradobis mowmobis aReba. kanonis mixedviT, registracia unda gaiaros saqarTveloSi myofma yvela Cinelma, visac es aqamde ar gaukeTebia informaciis arqonis gamo.

saqarTveloSi registraciis proceduris gavlis Semdeg, Tavdapirvelad pirs eZlevaEerTwliani cxovrebis ufleba, ris Semdegac migrants SeuZlia kidev ori wliT misi gagrZeleba, xolo mesamed ki - ara umetes sami wlisa. qveyanaSi Casvlidan eqvsi wlis Semdeg migranti Tu kvlav miiRebs gadawyvetilebas darCenis Sesaxeb, man

62 interviu san CengTan, ivnisi, 2011. 63 interviu liu guangvenTan, ivnisi, 2011. 64 migraciis saerTaSoriso organizacia (IOM), “migracia saqarTveloSi: qveynis profili 2008”.

unda gaakeTos ganacxadi mudmivi sacxovrebeli nebarTvis misaRebad.65 2011 wlis ivlisisaTvis registracia hqonda gavlili 974 Cinuri erovnebis pirs mudmivi an droebiTi sacxovrebeli nebarTvis misaRebad, aqedan 963-s miTiTebuli hqonda Tavisi saqmianobis sfero.66 magram migrantebi saqarTveloSi ar arian SezRuduli TavianT saqmianobaSi. migraciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis mixedviT, “saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs samarTlebrivi normebi, romelic daaregulirebda samuSao nebarTvis miRebis sakiTxs, samuSao saqmianobis an sxva sakiTxebis ganxorcielebis dawyebamde.” Cinel migrantebs saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTanave SeuZliaT muSaobis dawyeba.

saqarTveloSi Cinelebs, Cveulebriv, ar eqmnebaT seriozuli samarTlebrivi barierebi registraciasTan dakavSirebiT da jerjerobiT aranairi garTuleba ar mohyolia arc maRaziis Cineli mflobelebis da arc mSenebeli muSebis saqarTveloSi yofnas. saqarTvelos mezobel azerbaijanSi ki mdgomareoba mkveTrad gansxvavebulia.

iseve, rogorc saqarTveloSi, 2000 wlamde arc azerbaijanSi dauwyiaT Cinelebs didi raodenobiT Sesvla. Tumca, saqarTveloSi Cinelebis raodenoba arasodes yofila 2000-ze meti, xolo, azerbaijanSi ki, Sromis saministros informaciiT, 2007 wlisaTvis 7000 Cineli imyofeboda. garda amisa, saqarTveloSi Cinelebi ar warmoadgendnen calke aRebul dasaqiravebel samuSao Zalas. azerbaijanSi ki maT moiazreben rogorc “asobiT aralegalur Cinels”, romlebic Zvirfas samuSaos xelidan aclian adgilobrivebs. am azrs iziarebs TviT azerbaijanis migraciis samsaxuris ufrosi. amgvarad, Cinelebis migracia azerbaijanSi ukavSirdeba usafrTxoebisa da socialur sakiTxebs.

65 migraciis saerTaSoriso organizacia (IOM), “migracia saqarTveloSi: qveynis profili 2008”. 66 nino danelia, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo reestri, # 01/168030.


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amis sapasuxod, 2008 wels azerbaijanma gaamkacra savizo reJimi da dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebiT ucxoelebisaTvis daawesa specialuri kvotebi, ramac kidev ufro gaarTula Cinuri kompaniebis mier Cineli muSebis didi raodenobiT daqiraveba.67

Tumca is, Tu rogor eqcevian azerbaijanuli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi Cinelebs, SeiZleba saWiroebdes Semowmebas. Tu ubralod internetiT moviZiebT informacias ‘baidu’-s saZiebeli samsaxuriT, mogzaurTa forumze vnaxavT, rogor afrTxileben Cinelebs, ar Cavidnen azerbaijanSi. yvebian, rogor awameben iq maT, aiZuleben miscen qrTami, xolo, policiasa da migraciis biuroSi maT fizikurad uswordebian.68 gaurkvevelia,

67 raSad suleimanovi, “azerbaijani: represiebi ucxoeli muSebis winaaRmdeg,” IWPR, IWPR. http://iwpr.net/report-news/azerbaijan-crackdown-foreign-workers. azerbaijanSi momuSave Cineli mSeneblobis muSebis erTi jgufi yovelTviurad Semodis saqarTveloSi vizis misaRebad. 68 baidu aris CineTSi yvelaze popularuli saZiebeli meqanizmi. yuradRebas iqcevs Semdegi citatebi: “Tu [policia] dainaxavs Cinels, is umowmebs mas dokumentebs, vinaidan Cinelebis umravlesoba [azerbaijanSi] ar icavs qveyanaSi Sesvlis iuridiul procedurebs, xolo rodesac [policia] xvdeba Cinels, misTvis es niSnavs simdidris RmerTTan Sexvedras. ukeTes SemTxvevaSi maT [policia arTmevs] ramdenime aseul, uares SemTxvevaSi ki aTasobiT aSS dolars - aseT situaciebs namdvilad aqvs adgili. es saSinelebaa da SeiZleba amis Semdeg dagapatimron kidec. (gamogzavnilia 2009 wlis 9 ianvars), [azerbaijanis saimigracio samsaxuri] Cinelebs adamianebad arc ki Tvlis, Cven ramdenime dRis Camosulebis viyaviT, rodesac agviyvanes (dagvapatimres) - fulis gamoZalva, fizikuri Seuracxyofa, pasportic ar iyo sakmarisi” (gamogzavnilia 2010 wlis 23 maiss), nu CamoxvalT. es adgili Zalian korumpirebulia, aTi adamiani rom Camovides, aTive nanobs, umetesad Cinelebi ukan brundebian.” (gamogzavnilia 2010 wlis 29 oqtombers). arian kidev Cineli ‘sneikhedebi’, romlebsac aSkarad avazakuri xerxebiT SemohyavT Cinelebi azerbaijanSi da “sul ar

Tu ra sixSiriT xdeba amgvari incidentebi da aqvs Tu ara mas sistematuri xasiaTi, vinaidan azerbaijanSi mravali wlis ganavlobaSi uproblemod cxovroben Cinelebi, romlebic iq warmatebiT saqmianoben.

azerbaijanisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTveloSi mcxovreb Cinelebs naklebi problemebi aqvT. miuxedavad imisa, rom umuSevrobis done saqarTveloSic maRalia, Cinelebis mimarT ar gaCndeba iseTive agresia, Tu SenarCundeba qveyanaSi maTi SedarebiT naklebi raodenoba da Cineli migrantebi saxelwifoSi Semosvlisas gaivlian saWiro registracias. amasTan, imis gamo, rom Cineli kontraqtorebi iyeneben jansaRi dasaqmebis politikas, rogoricaa, magaliTad, 70% adgilobrivi samuSao Zalis gamoyeneba, SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom Cinuri kompaniebis da sawarmoebis arseboba qveyanaSi zrdis adgilobrivTa dasaqmebis SesaZleblobas da zogadad, exmareba qveyanas ekonomikisa da infrastruqturis ganviTarebaSi.

5.4 usafrTxoeba da danaSauli

2004 wels saxlisken mimaval Cinel kacs mezobeli daesxa Tavs. am SemTxvevis aRweris dros saqarTveloSi myofi Cineli moqalaqeebis usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebiT CineTis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom Semdeg detalebs gausva xazi:

“sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis/wesrigis ararsebobis, ZalovanTa korumpirebulobis da ucxoelebisadmi cudi ganwyobis gamo, xandaxan Tavs esxmian Cinelebs. Tumca, SurisZiebis, SiSisa Tu sxva mizezTa gamo, Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb bevri ar mimarTavs saqarTvelos Sesabamis uwyebebs an CineTis saelCos. periodulad vrceldeba informacia policiis mier ucxoelebze Zaladobis Sesaxeb. faqtebi, rodesac aseTi SemTxveva

dardoben mokvdebian isini iq Tu gadarCebian.” http://tieba.baidu.com/p/151682293?pn=2 [Cinurad].


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gamoiZies patiosnad, samarTlianobis farglebSi, Zalian cotaa.”69 2006 wlis ivlisSi iaraRis muqariT

gaZarcves sami Cineli, erTi loyaSi daWres da saWiro gaxda misi gadayvana saavadmyofoSi. imave wels, SeiaraRebuli pirebi Tavs daesxnen oTxsulian ojaxs da miayenes sxeulis sxvadasxva saxis dazianebebi. 2007 wlis TebervalSi orma pirma gaZarcva Cinuri maRaziis TanamSromeli, romelsac maT eqvsi Wriloba miayenes TavSi. saWiro gaxda misi hospitalizacia.70 2006 wlidan 2008 wlis dasawyisamde ganacxadi Sevida Zarcvis, maRaziis aRWurvilobis qurdobis da sxva saxis Tavdasxmis Svid SemTxvevaze.71 ar unda gamoiricxos gamiznuli danaSauli siZulvilis niadagze, amitom aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom im dros Tavdasxmisa da Zarcvis obieqtebi xdebodnen sxva qveynebidan Camosuli ucxoelebic.

2004 wels gamoqveynebuli samgzavro cnobari afrTxilebs amerikelebs “bandituri Tavdasxmebisa da SeiaraRebuli bandebis danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mTlian teritoriaze”, aseve imis Sesaxeb, rom xandaxan itacebdnen da klavdnen dasavleTel maRali rangis biznesmenebsa da Tanamdebobis pirebs. 2011 wlisaTvis inglisis saelCo saqarTveloSi da aSS saxelmwifo departamenti kvlavac

69 CineTis saxalxo respublikis sagareo saqmeTa saministros veb-gverdi, “CineTis moqalaqeebs saqarTveloSi Tavs daesxnen. sagareo saqmeTa saministro Seaxsenebs saqarTveloSi myof Cinelebs gamoiCinon sifrTxile,” 27 oqtoberi, 2007. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gxh/cgb/zcgmzysx/yz/1206_10/fyrygth/t167956.htm [Cinurad]. 70 CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCo, “Cineli biznesmenebi gaZarcves,” 2 marti, 2007. http://ge.china-embassy.org/chn/xwdt/t300638.htm [Cinurad]. 71 CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCo, “SeniSvnebi im CinelebisaTvis, romlebic saqarTveloSi apireben wasvlas,” 16 agvisto, 2006. http://ge.china-embassy.org/chn/fggxz/zysx/t267812.htm [Cinurad].

imeoreben, rom “jer kidev xdeba ucxoelebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulebriv qmedebebi”.72

miuxedavad amisa, bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi ucxoelebis usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda, gansakuTrebiT imis gamo, rom mkveTrad daeca korumpirebulobis done policiaSi. Cinelma maRaziis mflobelebma da bazris movaWreebma interviuSi aRniSnes, rom isini SedarebiT usafrTxod grZnoben Tavs, xolo Tavdasxmis an maT winaaRmdeg Cadenili nebismieri sxva danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi ufro advilad SeuZliaT mimarTon adgilobriv policias. Tumca, zogierTma maTganma mainc gamoTqva skeptikuri azri da aRniSna, rom patara problemebis mogvareba, rogoricaa wvrilmani qurdoba maRaziebSi, Cinelebs mainc Tavad uwevT, xelisuflebis organoebis Carevis gareSe. erTma quCis movaWrem Tqva, rom policia upiratesobas eTnikur qarTvelebs aniWebs da enobrivi barieris gamo xSirad SeuZlebelia danaSaulze swrafi da koreqtuli reagireba. Tumca, manve aRniSna, rom msxvili danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi, is aucileblad mimarTavs qarTul policias.73

TviTon Cineli migrantebi zogadad emorCilebian qarTul kanonmdeblobas. 2007 wlis ivnisSi CineTis moqalaqes 2 weli miusajes cecxlsasroli iaraRis ukanonod SeZenisaTvis.74 erT-erTi wyaros cnobiT, 2008 wels aseve Cineli daapatimres yalbi fulis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. savaraudod, aseve unda yofiliyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac Cinelebi monawileobdnen saqarTvelos gavliT adamianebis trefikingis saqmeSi. imave

72 gladson i. nuana, sazRvargareT wamsvleli amerikelebi: ra unda icodeT wasvlamde, 2004, aSS saelCo http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1122.html#safety, da inglisis saelCo http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/europe/georgia 73 interviu quCis movaWresTan, maisi, 2011 74 CineTis saelCo saqarTveloSi, http://ge.china-embassy.org/chn/xwdt/t329544.htm


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wyaros cnobiT, amJamad saqarTvelos cixeebSi imyofeba 2 an 3 Cineli.75

VI. ganaTleba Cinur enaze da kulturuli gacvla

CineTsa da sabWoTa kavSirs Soris ganxeTqilebis gamo, sabWoTa saqarTveloSi Cinuri enis swavleba nebadarTuli ar iyo; cnobili Cineli Cais specialistis SviliSvili, liu giungveni ixsenebs, rom rodesac masTan gakveTilze modiodnen Cinuri enis Seswavlis msurvelebi, suk-is agentebi mis kars ar scildebodnen. amis gamo, igi sakuTar Svilebs Cinurs ar aswavlida manam, sanam sabWoTa kavSiri ar daiSala. 1984 wels saqarTvelos ucxo enaTa institutSi SemoiRes Cinuri enis swavlebis mokle kursi - es iyo Cinuri enis swavlebis pirveli programa samxreT kavkasiaSi. mogvianebiT, sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo es programa Sewyda da Cinuris swavleba mxolod damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg ganaxlda, rodesac 1992 wels ‘aziisa da afrikis institutSi’ gaixsna Cinuri enis kaTedra.76

kaTedris pirveli profesori iyo liu guangveni, romelic aswavlida Cinuri enis specialistTa pirvel jgufs; dReisaTvis es jgufi saqarTveloSi kvlavac aswavlis Cinur enas da eweva mTargmnelobiT saqmianobas, romelSic Cabmulni arian misi studentebi, aseve, misi studentebis studentebi. im mcire raodenobiT qarTvelebis umravlesobam, romlebmac samuSao doneze ician Cinuri, swavla daiwyes aziisa da afrikis institutSi da monawileobdnen saxelmwifos mier dafinansebul saswavlo programebSi sazRvargareT,

75 interviu iu huasTan, ivnisi, 2011. 76 marine jiblaZe, “Cinuri enis swavlebisa da sinologiis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi,” Journal of World Chinese Teaching, 2004, t. 4, gv. 109-111 [Cinurad].

romelTa ganxorcielebac 1995 wels daiwyo.77 dReisaTvis, isini umeteswilad muSaoben mTagmnelebad an Cinuri enis maswavleblebad. 2004 wlisaTvis Cinurs, rogorc ZiriTad enas, swavlobda universitetis 60-70 studenti, xolo konfucis institutis qarTveli direqtoris, marine jiblaZis inforaciiT, axla maTi raodenoba ufro metia.78

2007 wels, ‘aziisa da afrikis instituti’ gaerTianebuli iyo ‘Tavisuflebis universitetTan’. 2009 wlis noemberSi ‘aziisa da afrikis institutis’ direqtoris CineTSi, lanjous universitetSi stumrobisas or universitets Soris xeli moewera SeTanxmebas ‘aziisa da afrikis institutSi’ konfucis institutis daarsebis Sesaxeb.79 konfucis instituti aris saxalxo saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, romelsac filialebi aqvs msoflios 70 qveyanaSi. nawilobriv mas afinansebs CineTis mTavroba, Tumca, funqcionirebs rogorc arasamTavrobo organizacia da Cveulebriv, aris adgilobrivi universitetis filiali. Tbilisis filialis amJamindeli direqtoris ven vupeis sityvebiT institutis mizania “Cinuri kulturis propaganda”, xolo, Cinuri enis swavleba mxolod erTi aspeqtia am miznis misaRwevad. konfucis instituti TbilisSi oficialurad 2010 wlis noemberSi gaixsna, Tumca, dRemde Zalian neli tempiT iRebs studentebs. institutis gaxsnis droisaTvis saRamosa da Ramis kursebze swavlobda sxvadsxva asakis 10-mde studenti. amJamad, iq daaxloebiT 20 studentia. institutis samma Cinelma maswavlebelma, iseve,Nrogorc misma Cinelma direqtorma gaiara Semowmeba, ris Semdegac isini samsaxurSi aiyvana ganaTlebis

77 iqve 78 interviu marine jiblaZesTan, ivnisi, 2010. 79 Tbilisis Tavisufali universiteti, profesori guram Ciqovani ewvia lanJous universitets,” 6 noemberi, 2009, http://news.lzu.edu.cn/content/4a498019247da3d80124c89358ed142f.shtml [Cinurad].


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saministrom. konfucis instituts mWidro kavSiri aqvs CineTis saelCosTan da saelCos TanamSromlebi xSirad eswrebian institutis mier mowyobil RonisZiebebsa da speqtaklebs. jerjerobiT Catarebulia Cinuri enis ori konkursi, pirveli Catarda 2010 wlis aprilSi CineTis saelCos da Tavisufali universitetis sponsorobiT, xolo meore - 2011 wlis maisSi moawyves Tavisufalma universitetma da konfucis institutma.80 TiToeul RonisZiebas eswreboda CineTis moqmedi elCi saqarTveloSi, pirvelad gun czianvei da meored Cen Zienfu.

konfucis instituti, lanjous universitetis daxmarebiT aseve uzrunvelyofs sazRvargareT swavlis programebs qarTveli studentebisTvis. Tumca, amJamad saqarTveloSi ar swavlobs arcerTi Cineli studenti, gansxvavebiT indoeli studentebisgan, romlebic didi raodenobiT modian saqarTveloSi. konfucis institutis Cineli direqtoris ven vupeis sityvebiT, es xdeba imitom, rom saqarTvelo aris ganviTarebadi qveyana, romelsac ar gaaCnia sakmarisi resursi stipendiebis gamosayofad. mas jerjerobiT cota ram aqvs umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemaSi Cineli studentebis mosazidad, romlebic arCeven ganaTlebis miRebas dasavleTis qveynebSi, an monawleobas ufro metad specializebul programebSi.

VII. CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCo da CineTis sagareo politika

1991 wlis 27 dekembers CineTis mTavrobam oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, xolo 1992 wlis ivnisSi masTan diplomatiuri urTierToba daamyara.81 imave wlis oqtomberSi man

80 prizi iyo stipendia eqvsi Tvis ganavlobaSi pekinSi saswavleblad. 81 SedarebisaTvis, aSS-m saqarTvelos damoukidebloba aRiara mxolod 1992 wlis aprilSi.

saqarTveloSi gaxsna saelCo. wlebis ganmavlobaSi saelCo monawileobas iRebda Cinuri saTvistomosTvis RonisZiebebis mowyobaSi, Sua Semodgomis da mTvaris axali wlis dResaswaulebis, warmodgenebis da kulturuli gamofenebis CaTvliT. saelCos TanamSromlebi aseve eswrebian konfucis institutis mier mowyobil yvela mniSvnelovan kulturul RonisZiebas.82

rac Seexeba bizness, saqarTveloSi CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCos ekonomikuri da komerciuli mrCevelis ofisi sakmaod aqtiurad muSaobs. 2011 wlis aprilSi man moawyo saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi Cineli biznes-liderebis da kompaniis warmomadgenlebis Sexvedra, riTac waaxalisa isini TanamSromlobisaken, kargi korporaciuli imijis Seqmnisa da saqarTvelo-CineTis ekonomikuri da savaWro urTierTobebis ufro maRal doneze ayvanisaken. garda amisa, is aseve Tvalyurs adevnebs am bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi Camosul biznes-delegaciebisa da maRali donis investorTa uwyvet nakads. diskusiebs Tavmjdomareobda ekonomikuri mrCeveli Cen raniuni. CineTi mxars uWers misi moqalaqeebis mier sazRvargareT biznesis wamowyebas. ekonomikuri da komerciuli mrCevelis ofisma 2011 wlis martSi, CineTis saxalxo respublikis vaWrobis saministrosTan TanamSromlobiT, potenciuri investorebisaTvis gamosca vrceli cnobari saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, romelSic detalurad iyo ganxiluli korporaciuli samarTali, dabegvris procedurebi da a.S. cnobari urCevs mkiTxvels daamyaros kargi urTierToba adgilobrivebTan, xeli Seuwyos maT dasaqmebas da monawileoba miiRos sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi.83

82 CineTis saxalxo respublikis sagareo saqmeTa saministro, “CineT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebi”. bolo monacemebi Setanili iqna 2011 wlis 25 marts. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gxh/cgb/zcgmzysx/yz/1206_10/1206x1/t6931.htm [Cinurad]. 83 internet-misamarTi: ge.mofcom.gov.cn/accessory/201104/1303888528790.pdf [Cinurad].


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aqtiurad muSaobs CineTis amJamindeli elCi saqarTveloSi, eswreba biznes-forumebs, xels uwyobs CineT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebis ganviTarebas, risTvisac is xvdeba maRali Tanamdebobis pirebs saqarTveloSi, aseve, Cinel mosaxleobas da Cinur kompaniebs. Cen Zianfu estumra maRaziis mflobelebs liloSi, aseve rikoTis gvirabisa da Tbilisis SemovliTi rkinigzis mSeneblobebs. rkinigzis mSeneblobas igi ewvia 30 ivniss, komunisturi partiis 90-e wlisTavis wina dRes. man iq warmosTqva misaloci sityva, romelSic mouwoda proeqtis xelmZRvanelebs, politikuri mniSvneloba mieniWebinaT am proeqtisaTvis da Seaxsena maT, daecvaT adgilobrivi wesebi, SeesrulebinaT kontraqtis pirobebi da CamoeyalibebinaT jansaRi sazogadoebrivi imiji. elCma Cinel auditoriasTan saubrisas xazi gausva imas, rom maT TavianTi SromiT sakuTari wvlili SeaqvT CineT-saqarTvelos ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi, rac emsaxureba maTi samSoblos keTildReobas.84

arian eqspertebi, romlebic CinelTa migracias miiCneven ufro farTo “transnacionaluri marTvis” strategiis nawilad, romlis mixedviTac ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Cinelebi emsaxurebian CineTis ekonomikuri da geopolitikuri gafarTovebis miznebs.85 Tumca, imis gamo, rom Cineli migrantebi da Cinuri biznesebi SeiZleba miviCnioT “CineTis globalizaciis saSualebad”, ar unda vifiqroT, rom moqmedebaSia imaze meti, vidre wminda ekonomikuri Zalebi. sazRvargareT wasvlis politika

Cadebulia CCPPCC-s me-12 xuTwlian gegmaSi, romelic iTvaliswinebs CineTis

84 ix. CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCos veb-gverdi misamarTze: http://ge.china-

embassy.org/chn/ [Cinurad]. 85 elena sadovskaia, “CinelTa migracia yazaxeTSi: TanamSromlobis abreSumis gza Tu crurwmenis ekliani gza?.” China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, t. 5, # 4 (2007), 157, misamarTze: http://kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/46179/ichaptersection_singledocument/d6aec3e0-849b-4a9c-b056-9883d5fbab66/en/8+es07silkroad.pdf.

ekonomikur da socialur ganviTarebas. CineTi irwmuneba, rom is ar iswrafvis saerTaSoriso hegemoniisaken, arc sakuTari socialuri sistemisa Tu ganviTarebis modelis eqsports gegmavs - es aris misi sagareo politikis kursi, romelsac is gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan mihyveba.86

saerTod, CineTis daintereseba saqarTveloTi da samxreT kavkasiiT umTavresad Semoifargleba mxolod ekonomikuri sferoTi. es regioni, Tavisi energetikuli resursebiTa da mzardi bazrebiT, warmoadgens mniSvnelovan satranzito derefans evropisaken. politikuri TvalsazrisiT, iseT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogorebicaa samxreT oseTi da afxazeTi, CineTs uWiravs frTxili, neitraluri da amave dros, keTilganwyobili pozicia. teritoriuli mTlianoba warmoadgens CineTis sagareo politikis mTavar RerZs;

2011 wlis martSi, CineTis elCi Sexvda saqarTvelos mTavari politikuri partiis ‘erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis’ generalur mdivans, romelmac daarwmuna diplomati, rom saqarTvelo kvlavac mxars dauWers “erTiani CineTis” politikas - CineTis pozicias taivanis, tibetis da xinjiang uiRuris avtonomiuri olqis separatistebis mimarT.87 CineTisaTvis politikuri mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom samxreT kavkasiis saxelmwifoebi mxars uWeren “erTiani CineTis” politikas.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi CineTi axorcielebda RonisZiebebs

86 “Cven ar unda gadavuxvioT mSvidobiani ganviTarebis gzas,” CineTis komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis winadadeba CineTis ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis me-12 xuTwliani gegmis SedgenasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic miRebuli iqna CineTis komunisturi partiis me-17 centraluri komitetis me-5 plenarul sxdomaze, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t777704.htm 87 ix. CineTis saelCos veb-gverdi, http://ge.china-embassy.org/chn/ [Cinurad].


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saqarTvelosaTvis ekonomikuri daxmarebis gasawevad. 1994 wels CineTma da saqarTvelom xeli moaweres savaWro sasesxo xelSekrulebas 30 milion

renminbi-ze (RMB), romelsac 1996 wels daemata kidev 100 mln. renminbi (RMB) daxmareba. 2006 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos prezidenti saakaSvili Sexvda CineTis prezidents Hhu Zintaos. maT xeli moaweres memorandums ‘CineTis saxalxo respublikasa da saqarTvelos Soris megobrobisa da TanamSromlobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb’88 2008 wlis martSi am orma qveyanam xeli moawera ‘CineT-saqarTvelos Soris ekonomikuri da teqnoligiuri TanamSromlobis xelSekrulebas’, romlis safuZvelzedac CineTma daxmarebis mizniT gamoyo kidev 40 mln. renminbi (RMB) - saidanac 30 mln. gamoyenebul iqna sarkinigzo tvirTebis inspeqtirebis sistemis Sesaqmnelad saqarTveloSi.89

VIII. daskvna

CineTis mTavrobisaTvis, iseve, rogorc Cineli migrantebisTvis, saqarTvelo rCeba msoflios periferiul nawilad. miuxedavad amisa, savaraudod, saqarTveloSi msxvili Cinuri sawarmoebis raodenoba gaizrdeba, radgan, rogorc saxelwifo mflobelobaSi arsebuli, ise kerZo Cinuri kompaniebi agrZeleben TavianT saqmianobas ucxo qveynebSi, aseve, saqarTvelos mTavroba agrZelebs maTi yvela moTxovnis dakmayofilebas. male saqarTveloSi

88 CineTis saxalxo respublikis sagareo saqmeTa saministro, “saqarTvelo-CineTis urTierTobebi”. ganaxlebulia 2011 wlis 25 marts. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gxh/cgb/zcgmzysx/yz/1206_10/1206x1/t6931.htm [Cinurad]. 89 saqarTveloSi CineTis saxalxo respublikis saelCos ekonomikuri da komerciuli mrCevelis ofisi, “saqarTvelos rkinigza iyenebs tvirTebis inspeqtirebis Cinur sistemas,” 31 maisi, 2011. http://ge2.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/chinanews/201105/20110507579471.html.

gaizrdeba Cineli biznesmenebis, kompaniis TanamSromlebisa da specialistebis raodenoba - gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac dawesda pirdapiri sahaero reisebi am or qveyanas Soris.

magram Tu ar gamosworda saqarTvelos ekonomika da momxmareblis mier fulis xarjvis modeli, momavali ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi qveynidan gamsvleli Cinelebis raodenoba albaT gadaaWarbebs qveyanaSi Semomsvleli Cineli ekonomikuri migrantebis raodenobas. Cinuri maRaziebis ricxvi albaT cota Semcirdeba da SesabamisobaSi mova moxmareblis moTxovnilebasTan, ise, rogorc es ukve moxda adre.

rogorc ar unda iyos, cxadia, rom Cinelebi gaxdnen saqarTvelos mravalferovani eTnikuri Semadgenlobis patara, magram albaT mudmivi nawili. iseve, rogorc migrantebis sxva, axalma jgufebma, afrikelebisa da indoelebis CaTvliT, maTi ‘ucxoelobis’ gamo, qarTvelebSi, romlebsac amgvar xalxTan da kulturebTan manamde ar HhqoniaT pirdapiri kontaqti, SeiZleba gamoiwvios eWvi da gaRizianeba. vinaidan Cinuri sawarmoebi da migrantebi apireben momaval wlebSic gaagrZelon TavianTi saqmianoba saqarTveloSi, kvlavac aucilebeli iqneba qarTveli sazogadoebis ganwyobis monitoringi, ucxoeTidan Semoyvanili muSebis raodenobis Taobaze SeTanxeba da ekonomikuri politikis detalurad Camoyalibeba, raTa xazi gaesvas imas, rom maTi qveyanaSi yofna isev pozitiuri da sargeblobis momtania


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