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ã' fla' úf–iQQ˙h uy;d" w;sfr®l wOHCI" uQQ,H nqoaê tallhwdpdr®h à' tï' î' ta' .=K;s,l" ksfhdacH wOHCI" ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j

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uQ,dY%h( Wikipedia úYajfldaIh

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;dhs,ka;h

uQ,dY%h( World Fact Book

32017 fkdje' - foie'

—igyk˜ iÕrdfjys m<jk woyia tA tA f,aLlhka f.a woyia ñi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ woyia fkdúh yels h'

wOHCIikaksfõok fomd¾;fïka;=jY%S ,xld uy nexl=j;e' fm' 590" fld<U

fuu l,dmfha ,sms iudf,dapkh

ã' fla' úf–iQQ˙h uy;d" w;sfr®l wOHCI" uQQ,H nqoaê tallhwdpdr®h à' tï' î' ta' .=K;s,l" ksfhdacH wOHCI" ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j

j¾;udkh jk úg iEu rgla u mdfya uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu i|yd úúO l%shdud¾.

.ksñka isà' cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo,g wkqj

iuia; f,dal ksIamdÈ;fha uQQ,H jákdlñka

2% - 5% w;r m%%udKhla uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg ,la

jQ uqo,a fõ' ñka meyeÈ,s jkafka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

hkq f.da,Sh jYfhka jHdma; jQ .eg¨ jla njhs'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu i|yd iEu rgla

u mdfya fï iïnkaOfhka iudch oekqj;a

lsÍug úúO mshjr f.k we;' fuu flá ,smsfha

wruqK jkafka o uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn|

oekqj;a lsÍfï l%shdj,shg idOkSh whqßka odhl

ùuhs' fuys §" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkq l=ula o@

ñksiqka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg fhduq jkafka

wehs@ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha wys;lr m%;súmdl"

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfuys ,d cd;Hka;r

odhl;ajh iy Y%S ,xldfõ j¾;udk ;;a;ajh

ms<sn| j ú.%yhla lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkq l=ulao@

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkakg fmdÿfõ ms<s.;a

ks¾jpkhla fidhd .ekSu b;d wmyiq h' uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh i|yd úúO mqoa.,hka yd úúO

ixúOdk kS;s" úúO ks¾jpk ,nd §ug W;aidy

lr we;' t jeks tla ks¾jpkhlg wkqj uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh hkq kS;Hkql+, fkd jk whqßka

Wmhd .kakd ,o Okh i|yd kS;Hkql+, uqyqKqjrla

,nd§fï l%shdj,shhs' (Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Center, 2008)

by; ks¾jpkhg wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka th kS;sh

yd ne÷Kq l%shdj,shla jk nj;a kS;Hkql+, fkd

jk l%ufõohka yryd Wmhk ,o j;alïj,g

kS;sh bÈßfha kS;Hkql+, njla ,nd§ug isÿ

lrkakla nj;a h'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| uQ,H ld¾hh idOl

n,ldhg ^2016& wkqj kS;Hkql+, fkd jk whqßka

Wmhk ,o j;alïj, uQ,h ieÕùfï l%shdj,sh

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh kï fõ' fuu woyig wkqj

meyeÈ,s jkafka iudc iïu; l%ufõoj,g

mßNdysr j Wmhk ,o j;alïj, tlS m%Njh

fyj;a W;amdokh lrkq ,nk l%uh jHdc l%u

Tiafia iÕjd ;nk l%shdoduh uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

f,i y÷kd .; yels nj hs'

fï ms<sn| j jk ;j;a ks¾jpkhlg wkqj uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh hkq ˜ wmrdOlrejka idmrdë l%shd

u.ska Wmhd.;a uqo,aj, ienE uQ,hka yd whs;sh

ieÕùug .kq ,nk W;aidyh yd l%shdj,shhs˜ ^taldnoaO uqo,a úY=oaêlrK fufyhqï lKavdhu&

(Ryder N, 2008).

fu jeks iEu ks¾jpkhlska u wjfndaO jk

m%Odk ldrKh jkafka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkak

kS;Hkql+, fkd jk l%shdj,shla fuka u th uQ,H

l%uh yd rgl wd¾Ólh iu. Rcq j u noaO jQ

l%shdj,shla nj h' t kï kS;Hkql+, fkd jk

l%ufõo yryd Wmhk ,o j;alï kS;Hkql+,

wd¾Ól mßirhla ;=< ixirKh lsÍug W;aidy

lsÍfuka rgl uQ,H moaO;shg wys;lr n,mEula

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha cd;Hka;r miqìu yd Y%S ,xldfõ m%jK;d

ví'ã'hQQ'tia'fla' ùrisxyiyldr wOHCI" ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j


lsÍug uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sh fya;= jk njhs'

fï ms<sn| j wd¾Ól úoHd;aul mokul isg

ueiskvfrda kï Ñka;lhd woyia bÈßm;a lr

we;' Tyqg wkqj øjYS,;d m%Njfha mßj¾;khla

isÿ lsÍug NjH l%h Yla;sh i;H l%h Yla;shla

njg mßj¾;kh lsÍfuka mßfNdackh" b;=reï"

wdfhdack yd m%;s wdfhdack isÿ lsÍu i|yd lrkq

,nk iajdëk kS;s úfrdaë wd¾Ól lghq;a; uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh f,i y÷kajhs' (Masciandaro. 2007)

by; úúO ks¾jpkhka i,ld n,k úg uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh hkq b;d u ixlS¾K fuka u kS;sfha

/yekg wiqlr .ekSug wmyiq" uQ,H yd wd¾Ól

l%uh wia:djr lsÍug n,mdkakla nj meyeÈ,s

fõ' fuu ish¨ woyia iïmsKavkh l< úg uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh my; ,laIKj,ska iukaú; jk nj

oelsh yels h'

1' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkq l%shdj,shls'

t kï uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkq kS;Hkql+,

fkd jk whqßka Wmhd .kakd ,o Okh

kS;suh rduqj ;=< ia:dmkh lsÍu" we;sÍu"

taldnoaO lsÍu wd§ mshjr /ila hgf;a isÿ

jk l%shdj,shla fõ'

2' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh oekqu mokï lr.;a

l%shdj,shls'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh isÿ lsÍug" kS;sh"

nexl=lrKh" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh wd§ úúO

lafIa;%hkaf.a oekqu Ndú; lrkq ,nhs' kS;sh

ms<sn| ±kqu kS;suh rduqfjka ßx.d hdug o"

nexl=lrKh uQ,H moaO;sh ;=< tlS j;alï

ia:dmkh lsÍug o f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh ms<sn|

oekqu .kqfokq ixlS¾K lsÍug o fhdod .kq

,nhs'

3' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkq foaY iSudjka blaujd

.sh l%shdj,shls'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh isÿ lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hka

úiska tla rglska Wmhkq ,nk uqo,a fjk;a

rgj,a .Kkdjl § Ndú;hg .kq ,nhs'

úúO l%u yryd cd;sl rdcHhkaf.a iSudfjka

Tíng f.dia uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sh

cd;Hka;ÍlrKh ù we;'

WodyrKhla f,i úúO ;%ia;jd§ lKavdhï úiska

f,dalfha fkdfhla m%foaYj, § Wmhkq ,nk uqo,a

t jeks ixúOdkj, uQ,ia:dkh lrd f.k tkq

,nhs' fï wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

hkq úYd, jYfhka jHdma; jQ l%shdj,shla njhs'

fuu ,laIKhkag wkqj uqo,a úY=oaêlrK

l%shdj,sh iEu iudchla u mdfya wjOdkhg

fhduq l< hq;= ldrKhla nj meyeÈ,s fõ' ´kEu

iudchl tys iqrlaIs;;dj ia:dms; lrkq jia

ukdj ia:djr jQ uQ,H moaO;shla fuka u wd¾Ól

rgdjla mj;ajd f.k hdu w;HjYH fõ' tlS

iudc wjYH;djg wNsfhda. lr wys;lr m%;sM,

/ila uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sh yryd isÿ fõ'

ta wkqj uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh fya;=fjka hï rgla

fyda wd¾Ól l%uhla ;=< we;s úh yels wys;lr

m%;sM, ms<sn| j idlÉPd lsÍu jvd;a ldf,daÑ;

h' fuys,d uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaúh hq;af;a

ukao hk .eg¨ jg ms<s;=re imhd .ekSug o tys

we;s wys;lr n,mEu y÷kd .ekSu w;sYh jeo.;a

ldrKhls'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaúh hq;af;a wehs@

úúO fya;= mokï fldg f.k úúO mqoa.,hka

fyda lKavdhï úiska uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh isÿ

lrhs' kS;Hkql+, fkd jk whqßka Wmhk ,o

j;alïj, uQ,h ieÕùu" kvq lghq;=j,ska yd

kS;sfhka ßx.d hdu" nÿ f.ùu meyer yeÍu wdÈh

tlS fya;= w;r iuyrls' fulS l=uk fya;=jlska

fyda uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha ksr; ùu wd¾Ólh yd

uQ,H moaO;sh flfrys úúOdldrfhka wys;lr j

n,mdhs' fï w;ßka tla m%Odk ldrKhla jkafka

uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sh yryd rgl uQ,H

moaO;sh wia:djr úh yels ùuhs' tljr úYd,

uqo,a m%udKhla .,d tau" yÈisfha tu uqo,a uQ,H

moaO;sfhka bj;g .,d hdu jeks l%shd mokï

fldg f.k uQ,H moaO;sh wiu;=<s; úh yels

h' WodyrKhla f,i lsishï mqoa.,fhla uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh lr tljru nexl=jl ;ekam;a l<

yels w;r lsishï wjia:djl § Tyq úiska tu uqo,a

tljr u wdmiq .ekSu fmkajd Èh yels h' fu

jeks wjia:djl ;djld,sl j ,enqKq uqo,aj,ska

nexl=j úúO wdfhdackj,g fm<UqKfyd;a uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh lrk ,o mqoa.,hd uqo,a wdmiq b,a,d

isá fudfydf;a u kej; ,nd §u wmyiq úh yels h'


fujeks lghq;a;la §¾> j jHdma; jqjfyd;a wod<

nexl=j nxfldf,d;a ùfï wjodkula we;s úh

yels w;r th iuia; uQ,H moaO;shg u lïmk

we;s jk wdldrfhka me;sr hdfï wjodkula o

we;' fï wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka uqo,a úY=oaêlrK

l%shdj,sh uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhs;djg wys;lr

wkaoñka l%shd;aul úh yels njhs'

id¾j wd¾Ól mßirh ;=< fkdis;+úrE wkaofï

úp,khka we;s ùug o uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh fya;=

fõ' WodyrKhla f,i fjk;a rgl lsishï

mqoa.,fhl= kS;Hkql+, fkd jk whqßka Wmhk

,o úfoaY uqo,a Y%S ,xldfõ nexl=jla ;=< ;ekam;a

lsÍu i,ld n,uq' t jeks wjia:djl § tlS nexl=j

yryd Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólhg .,d tk úfoaY uqo,a

úksuh wkqmd;h flfrys úúO iajrEmfha n,mEï

isÿ l< yels h' fuu uqo,a ;ekam;=j furg úfoaY

úksuh fjf<|fmdf<ka bj;aj hdu fyda úksuh

fjf<|fmd< ;=< r|d mej;Su ms<sn| ia:djr njla

ke;' fï ksid úksuh wkqmd;h úp,khg ,laùug

uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sh úúOdldrfhka n,mEï

l< yels nj meyeÈ,s fõ' t u.ska rfÜ wdkhk

wmkhk lghq;=j,g o Wla; isÿ ùu Rcq fyda

jl%% j n,mE yels h' by; WodyrKfhka meyeÈ,s

jkafka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh rgl id¾j wd¾Ól

l%shdj,sfha ia:dhs;djg wys;lr whqßka n,mdk

njhs'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha ;j;a wys;lr m%;súmdlhla

jkafka rcfha nÿ wdodhu wysñ ù hduhs' úúO

kS;Hkql+, fkd jk l%shdud¾. u.ska Wmhk ,o

uqo,a l+g Wml%u Tiafia rcfha nÿ iïnkaO kS;sj,ska

uqjd ù úúO wd¾Ól lghq;=j,g fhdod .ekSug

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh lrk mqoa.,hka W;aidy lrhs'

úfYaIfhka u widudkH Okhla Wmhd we;s úfgl

kS;Hkql+, mßirhla ;=< § rchg nÿ f.ùug isÿ

fõ' t jeks nÿ f.ùfï l%shdj,shla ;=< § Tjqka

Okh Wmhd .;a whqre ms<sn| j f;dr;=re rchg

,nd .; yels h' fï fya;=fjka kS;Hkql+, fkd

jk whqßka Wmhk ,o Okh úúO ld¾hhkaj,g

fhdod .ekSfï § tajdfha uQ,h ieÕùug isÿ jk

w;r t u.ska rcfha nÿ wdodhu wysñ ùula o isÿ

fõ' kS;Hkql+, fkd jk ud¾. Tiafia Wmhk ,o

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh lsÍu ;=<ska rcfha nÿ wysñùu

o Wla; l%shdj,sfha ;j;a wys;lr m%;sM,hla nj

by; lreKqj,ska ikd: fõ'

fï yereKq úg wmrdO Èßu;a lsÍu" uQ,H yd

wd¾Ól l%uh md,kh lsÍu wmyiq ùu" rgl uQ,H

úkh yd kS;sh iïnkaOfhka jk úYajdih ì|

jeàu wd§ úúOdldrfha wys;lr m%;sM, /ilg

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh fya;= fõ' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

je<elaúh hq;af;a ukao hk .eg¨ jg ms<s;=r

jkafka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yryd wd¾Ólhl isÿ

úh yels by; wdldrfha .eg¨ ldÍ ;;a;ajhka

j<lajd .ekSug we;s wjYH;djhs' fjk;a

whqrlska mjikafka kï uqo,a úY=oaêlrK

l%shdj,sh fya;= fldg f.k lsishï rgla fyda

iudchla ;=< by;ska ú.%y lrk wdldrfha

wys;lr m%;sM, /ila we;s úh yels nj;a" tlS

wys;lr ;;a;ajhkaf.ka iudch fyda wd¾Ólh

iqrlaIs; lr .ekSug by; wys;lr m%;sM,

/ilg u fya;= jk uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaúh

hq;= nj;a h' fuu ish¨ lreKqj,ska ;yjqre

jkafka by; úúO fya;= yd m%;sM, ksidfjka uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh hkq iudcfhka je<elaúh hq;a;la

njh' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug kï tu

l%shdj,sh isÿ jk wdldrh ms<sn| j ukd jegySula

;sìh hq;= h'

uqo,a úY=oaêlr K l%shdj,sh

uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sh mshjr lsysmhlska

hqla; fõ' úoaj;=kaf.a úYaf,aIKhg wkqj th

my; l%shdud¾.hka ;%s;ajh Tiafia ú.%y l< yels

h' t kï"

1' ia:dmkh

2' we;sÍu

3' taldnoaO lsÍu fõ'

1' ia:dmkh

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha m%:u mshjr jkafka

ia:dmkhhs' kS;Hkql+, fkd jk whqßka Wmhk

,o Okh kS;Hkql+, uQ,H moaO;sh ;=< ia:dms;

lsÍu ke;s kï Bg we;=<a lsÍu ñka woyia fõ' th

úúO l%u Tiafia isÿ jkq oel .; yels h' fufia

W;amdokh lrk ,o Okh l=vd fldgiaj,g

fnod nexl=j," uQ,H iud.ïj," rlaIK

iud.ïj, fyda fldgia fj<|fmdf<a wdfhdackh

lsÍu fu u.ska isÿ fõ' kS;Hkql+, fkd jk j;alï

kS;suh rduqjla iys; uQ,H moaO;shg we;=<a lsÍfï

uQ,sl mshjr ia:dmkh nj fï wkqj meyeÈ,s fõ'


2' we;sÍu

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha fojk mshjr jk we;sÍu

kï wÈhf¾ § isÿ jkafka uQ,sl j uQ,H moaO;shg

we;=<;a lrk ,o Okh úúO .kqfokq yqjudre

l%u yryd uQ,drïNfhka úúO ixlS¾K ÈYdk;Skag

fhduq lsÍuhs' my; WodyrKh i,ld n,uq' lsishï

mqoa.,fhla kS;Hkql+, fkd jk whqßka Wmhk ,o

uqo,la úúO iajrEmfha ;ekam;= l%u yryd uQ,H

wdh;k.; lr we;' bka miq Tyq isÿ lrkafka tajd

tu ;ekam;=j,ska kej; ,ndf.k úúO j;alï

ñ, § .ekSu" tajd kej; úlsŒu" kej; fjk;a

lafIa;%j, wdfhdackh lsÍu" rlaIK jrK ,nd

.ekSu wd§ jQ ixlS¾K .kqfokq cd,hlg fhduq

lsÍuhs' fuys uQ,sl wruqK jkafka ffk;sl rduqjg

tljr yiq fkd jk whqßka Wla; uqo,a b;d ixlS¾K

jmißhla ;=< jHdma; lsÍuhs' t jeks wjia:djl

tajd úY=oaêlrKh lrk ,o uqo,a o hkak fidhd

.ekSu b;d wmyiq h' fï wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha fojk mshjr jk we;sÍfï

§ isÿ jkafka kS;Hkql+, fkd jk j;alï uQ,H

fiùug wmyiq jk wdldrfhka kS;Hkql+, uQ,H

moaO;sh ;=< úirKh lsÍu hkakhs'

3' taldnoaO lsÍu

fojeks mshjf¾ § kS;Hkql+, uQ,H moaO;sh ;=<

w;=rk ,o uqo,a kS;Hkql+, j;alïj,g taldnoaO

lsÍu fuu wÈhf¾ § isÿ fõ' úoaj;a u;hg wkqj

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha wjika mshjr jkafka fuhhs'

m%;swdfhdackh" úúO jHdmdr" iqNidOk jHdmD;s

wd§ úúO iajrEmhkaf.ka fuh isÿ fõ' fuu

wjia:dj jk úg úúO rgj,a úúO uqo,a tallj,ska

W;amdokh lrk ,o kS;Hkql+, fkd jk j;alï

fjk;a rgj, uqo,a tallj,g udre ùu o isÿ úh

yels h' tu ksid úY=oaêlrKh lrk ,o uqo,a

kS;Hkql+, rduqjg taldnoaO lsÍfuka miq tajdfha

miqìu fidhd hdu b;d wiSre h'

by; mshjr ish,a, i,ld n,k úg meyeÈ,s jkafka

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkq b;d ixlS¾K fuka u

úYd, mrdihla Tiafia jHdma; jQ l%shdj,shla njhs'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug"

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug kj kS;s ilia

lsÍu wd§ lghq;= i|yd uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha Wla;

mshjrhka ms<sn| j ukd wjfndaOhla ;sìh hq;= h'

by;ska bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa uqo,a úY=oaêlrKfha

úúO wÈhr ms<sn| ir, ú.%yhls' f,dalfha úúO

rgj,a fuu l%shdj,sfha we;s ixlS¾KNdjh iy

thska iudchg we;s jk wys;lr m%;sM, ms<sn|

j we;s wjfndaOh mokï fldg f.k uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug úúO l%shdud¾. f.k

we;' fuu ,smsfhys ó<Õg isÿ lrkq ,nkafka

uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sfha cd;Hka;r ikao¾Nh

ms<sn| j úúO wdh;k yd rgj,a weiqfrka f,dj

mqrd f.dv ke.S we;s ixjdoh ms<sn| j wjOdkh

fhduq lsÍuhs'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| cd;Hka;r miqìu

fndfyda idys;H uQ,dY%hkag wkqj cd;Hka;r

ikao¾Nh ;=< uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hk moh uq,ska

u yuqjkafka weußld tlai;a ckmofhks' ta 1920 § muK ksõfhdala k.rh uq,a lrf.k meje;s

uqo,a jHdmdrhl kS;Hkql+, fkd jk yeisÍug

wod< j h' tfy;a uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug

cd;Hka;r wjOdkh fhduq jkafka Bg fndfyda

l,lg miq j h' fuys,d j¾;udkh jk úg úúO

rgj,a úúO mshjr f.k we;' úúO rgj,a úúO

wKmk;a iïu; lsÍu" cd;Hka;r jYfhka uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu wruqKq fldg f.k úúO

ixúOdk ìysùu tajd w;ßka m%Odk fõ' 1986 § weußld tlai;a ckmoh úiska iïu; lrkq

,enQ — uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh md,k mk;˜ tjlg

rgla uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug ;enQ m%:u

mshjr f,i fndfyda úoaj;=ka fmkajd § we;'

wk;=rej uyd ì%;dkHh o 1986 § u — u;aøjH

cdjdrï jerÈ ms<sn| mk;˜ hgf;a Wla; l%shdj,sh

;jÿrg;a bÈßhg f.k hk ,È' fuu wdrïNfha

m%;sM,hla f,i fndfyda rgj,a fï jk úg uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< j úúO wKmk;a

iïu; fldgf.k we;' tajd tlsfkl fjk fjku

meyeÈ,s lsÍu wiSre fuka u ixlS¾K ld¾hhla

jk fyhska fuu ,smsfhys cd;Hka;ruh jYfhka

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug ìyslr .kakd ,o

ixúOdk ;%s;ajhla ms<sn| j mdGl wjOdkh fhduq

lsÍu ñka Tíng isÿfõ'

t.aukaÜ iuQQyh

fn,aðhfï n%i,aia kqjr t.aukaÜ weßkan¾.a

ud,s.hg /ia jQ úúO rgj, uQ,H nqoaê tallhkays

ksfhdað;hka lsysm fofkla tla j cd;Hka;r

jYfhka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu i|yd


iyfhda.S;dfjka hqla; j lghq;= lsÍug ìys lr

.kakd ,o wúêu;a ixúOdkh t.aukaÜ iuQQyh

(Egmont Group) kï fõ' fuys idudðl;ajh

orkafka úúO rgj, uQ,H nqoaê tallhka h'

fuu ixúOdkfha uQ,sl wruqK jkafka uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jd§ lKavdhïj, uQ,H

lghq;= cd;Hka;r jYfhka je<elaùug myiqlï

iemhSuhs' t.aukaÜ iuQyh fuu wruqKg wod<

j cd;Hka;r jYfhka f.dv k.k ,o ixjdoh

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfuys,d wka;¾cd;sl j

;enQ fhdaO mshjrla f,i y÷kd .; yels h' 2015 j¾Ih jk úg t.aukaÜ iuQyfha idudðl;ajh

rgj,a 151la muK fõ' t.aukaÜ iuQyfha wruqK

jk t kï cd;Hka;r jYfhka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

je<elaùug wod< j myiqlï iemhSu idlaId;a lr

.ekSug Tjqka fï jk úg úúO l%shdud¾. f.k

we;' ta wkqj t.aukaÜ iuQyfha ld¾hhNdrh my;

mßÈ fm< .eiaúh yels h'

1' wfkHdakH f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍfï cd;Hka;r

iyfhda.S;dj m%idrKh yd l%udkql+, njg m;a

lsÍu

2' uQ,H nqoaê tallhkays ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä

lsÍu i|yd mqyqKq jev igyka l%shd;aul lsÍu"

úfYaI oekqu jeäÈhqKq lsÍu yd mqyqKqj ,;a

úúO ks,OdÍka úúO rgj,a iu`. yqjudre lr

.ekSu m%p,s; lsÍug myiqlï iemhSu

3' t.aukaÜ wdrlaIs; cd,h (Egmont Secure Web ESW) jeks ;dlaIKsl Ndú;hka yryd uQ,H

nqoaê tallhka w;r jvd idOkSh yd wdrlaIs;

ikaksfõok myiqlï ixj¾Okh i|yd odhl

ùu

4' idudðl uQ,H nqoaê tallhkays iajdëk j

mj;ajd f.k hk fufyhqï lghq;= by<

kexùu i|yd iydh §u

5' uQ,H nqoaê tallhkays fufyhqï wxY w;r

iyfhda.h yd iïnkaëlrKh by< kexùug

lghq;= lsÍu

6' uQ,H nqoaê tall kS;suh iyfhda.h iys; j

msysgqùu i|yd iyfhda.h §u yd ixj¾Okh

ùfï wdrïNl mshjf¾ isák uQ,H nqoaê tall

i|yd iyfhda.h ,nd§u

t.aukaÜ iuQyh úiska úúO rgj, uQ,H nqoaê tall

w;r f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh" oekqu m%j¾Okh

jeks lafIa;% Tiafia uQ,H úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys j

cd;Hka;r j y~ wjê lsÍu i|yd úYd, fiajhla

bgq lrk nj tys by; ld¾hhka tlsfkl

úu¾Ykh lsÍfuka b;d myiqfjka wjfndaO lr

.; yels h' t.aukaÜ iuQyh yereKq úg ;j;a

úúO cd;Hka;r ixúOdk fuu l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a

lsÍug odhl ù we;' (http://www.egmontgroup.org)uQ,H ld¾h idOl n,ldh

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu i|yd msysgqjd

.;a ;j;a cd;Hka;r ixúOdkhla f,i fuh

y÷kajd Èh yels h' 1989 § m%xYfha meßia kqjrg

/ia jQ G7 lKavdhfï idudðlhka uQ,H l%shdldÍ

ld¾hh n,ldh kï ixúOdkh ìyslr .kakd

,È' uq,a ld,fha § fuys m%Odk wruqK jQfha

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< cd;Hka;r

lghq;= isÿ lr f.k hduhs' l,a h;a u f,dal

;%ia;jd§ uQ,H cd,j, jHdma;sh fya;= fldg f.k

th je<elaùug wod< fufyhqï isÿ lsÍu o by;

m%Odk wruqKg noaO lrk ,È' fï jk úg fuu

ixúOdkh Wla; ld¾hhka oaú;ajh u imqrd .ekSu

i|yd úúOdldrfha iïuq;Ska" jHjia:duh lreKq

ilia fldg bÈßm;a lsÍu b;d uekúka isÿ lrk

nj oel .; yels h' 1990 § bÈßm;a lrk ,o uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu" wod< fuu ixúOdkfha

ks¾foaY 1996" 2001" 2003" 2012 j¾Ihkays § kj

cd;Hka;r ;;a;ajhkag .e,fmk m%ñ;Ska fia

hdj;ald,Sk fldg bÈßm;a lr we;' fuu wdh;kh

úiska iïmdokh lrk ,o by; ks¾foaYhkaf.a

uQ,sl wruqK jkafka uQ,H moaO;sfha tald.%;dj

wdrlaId lsÍu yd tys hym;a l%shdldß;ajh iy;sl

lsÍuhs' uQ,H l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn| ld¾hh n,ldh

iïnkaOfhka lrk ,o by; meyeÈ,s lsÍug

wkqj wjfndaO jkafka fuu ixúOdkh uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu yd ;%ia;jd§ lKavdhïj,

uQ,H lghq;= uev meje;aùfuys,d wka;¾ cd;sl

jYfhka úYd, ld¾hh Ndrhla bgqlrñka isák

njhs'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| j wdishd meismsla iuQQyh

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| j wdishd meismsla iuQQyh hkq wdishd meismsla l,dmh ;=< uQQ,H ldr®hh idOl n,ldfha l%%shdldrlï mj;ajd f.k hdu


i|yd msysgqjd .kakd ,o l,dmSh ixúOdkhls' uQQ,H ldr®hh idOl n,ldh fmd≥rdcH uKav, f,alï ldr®hd,h iu`. tla j wdishdkq l,dmh ;=< uQQ,H úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| j ±kqïj;a ls¯u 90 oYlfha uq, Nd.fha isg wdrïN lf<a h' tys m%%;sM,hla f,i 1997 ;dhs,ka;fha nexfldla kqjr ° idudcßl rgj,a 13l m%%Odk;ajfhka fuu ixúOdkh msysgqjk ,°' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd meismsla iuQQyhg wod< f,alï ldr®hd,hla o fï iu`. u wdrïN lrk ,°' th ´iafÜ%%,shdfõ isâks kqjr ia:dms; lr we;s w;r idudcßl rgj,a tajdfha o, foaYSh ksIamd†;hg wod< iQQ;%%hla mokï fldg f.k fuu wdh;kh mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd uqo,a imhhs' fuu l,dmSh ixúOdkfha uQQ,sl ldr®hh Ndrh jkafka l,dmh ;=< uQQ,H úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug yd ;%%ia;jd° uQQ,H lghq;= je<elaùug wod< f.da,Sh m%%ñ;Ska l,dmh ;=< l%%shd;aul ls¯uhs' fï yereKq úg" fuu wdh;kh úiska my; uQQ,sl l%%shdldrlï 5 lr f.k hkq ,nhs'

1' l,dmSh idudcßl rgj,a úiska uQQ,H úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| j wfkdakH we.hSï lghq;= lrf.k hdu i|yd myiqlï iemhSu

fï hgf;a f.da,Sh jYfhka mj;sk uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï m%%ñ;Ska tla tla rgj,a l%%shd;aul lrk wdldrh ms<sn| j Tjqfkdjqka u wfkdakH jYfhka l,dmh ;=<° we.hSï lghq;= mj;ajd f.k hdu is≥ flfr®

2' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd meismsla iuQQyh úiska idudcßl rgj,aj,g uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< j ;dlaI◊l ±kqu ,nd°u iy mqyqKq jevigyka meje;aùu

3' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| j úYaf,aIKd;aul m¯CIK meje;aùu †˙u;a ls¯u

4' f.da,Sh jYfhka iïmdokh lrkq ,nk uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï iy ;%%ia;jd° uQQ,H lghq;= je<elaùfuka m%%;sm;a;s ieliSfï l%%shdj,shg wdishd meismsla l,dmh fmd≥fõ ksfhdackh lsrSu

5' fm!oa.,sl wxYfha odhl;ajh ,nd .ekSu

wdishd meismsla l,dmh ;=< uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

je<elaùu i|yd uQQ,H yd uQQ,H fkd jk wdh;k" rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk" úúO wOHdmksl lKavdhï iïnkaO lr .ekSu o fuu wdh;kh úiska is≥ lrhs' (www.apgml.org)

by;ska ±lajQQfha uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu ms<sn| j wdishdkq meismsla iuQQyfha wdrïNh iy tys ldr®hhNdrh ms<sn| j flá ú.%%yhls' by; f;dr;=re wkqj fmkS hkafka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< j l,dmSh fufyhqï iy cd;Hka;r fufyhqï fuu ixúOdkh úiska is≥ flfrk njhs'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh cd;Hka;r uÜgfuka

je<elaùfuys,d by; ixúOdk ;%s;ajfha u

ld¾hNdrh w;súYd, h' fuu ixúOdk ;%s;ajh

fuka u ;j;a úúOdldr cd;Hka;r ixúOdk yd

l%shdldrlï fya;= fldg f.k f,dj fndfyda

rgj,a uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug my;

wdldrfha mshjrla f.k we;'

1' kS;s úfrdaë u;aøjHj,g wod< uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu

2' ta yereKq úg fjk;a wmrdO wdY%s; j uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu

3' .kqfokqlre uqo,a ,nd.;a wdldrh ms<sn|

oekqïj;aùu (Know your Customer - K.Y.C.)

4' úYd, .kqfokq ms<sn| jd¾;d ,nd .ekSu'

5' iel iys; .kqfokq ms<sn| j wod< wdh;kh

fj; jd¾;d lsÍu

6' jd¾;d È.ska È.g u mj;ajd f.k hdu'

7' kS;s úfrdaë iel iys; .kqfokq ms<sn| j

wod< mqoa.,hd oekqj;a lsÍu

8' foaY iSud yryd uqo,a yqjudre lsÍfï § isÿ úh

yels uQ,H wmrdOj,g tfrys j mshjr .ekSu

9' uQ,H nqoaê tall msysgqùu'

10' cd;Hka;r kS;Ska l%shd;aul lsÍug wod<

foaYSh iyfhda.h ,nd §u

11' j;alï bmhSu ms<sn| j f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug

hdka;%Khla ilia lsÍu


12' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ;%ia; uQ,H u¾Ok

m%ma;sfha idudðl rdcHhla ùu we;=¿

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< úúO

cd;Hka;r iïuq;Skag w;aika ;eîu yd tajd

l%shd;aul lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu

by;ska olajk ,oafoa úúO rgj,a úiska uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu i|yd .kq ,enQ l%shdud¾.

w;ßka lsysmhla mu‚' cd;Hka;r ixúOdkj,

l%shdldß;ajh" uQ,H wmrdO fya;=fjka f.da,Sh uQ,H

moaO;shg isÿ jk wjodku jeäùu" ta wdY%s; oekqu

m%j¾Okh jeks ldrKd úúO rgj,a úiska uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu i|yd úúO mshjrhka

.ekSug mdol jkakg we;e hs is;sh yels h'

tu cd;Hka;r m%jK;dj, m%;sM,hla f,i Y%S

,xldj o uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod<

foaYSh hdka;%Kh ilia lr we;' fuu ,smsfha ó<Õ

fldgi fjkaù we;af;a t lS foaYSh hdka;%Kh

ms<sn| j flfrk úpdrd;aul ú.%yhlg h'

Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| l;sldj iy tys m%jK;d

furg mej;s fnÿïjd§ ikakoaO wr.,fha tla

md¾Yajhla jQ t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkh ie,lsh hq;=

wkaofï uQ,H iïm;a m%udKhla w;am;a lr f.k

;snQ ;%ia;jd§ lKavdhula nj fkd ryils' fuu

ixúOdkh kS;Hkql+, fkd jk l%ufõo Tiafia

uQ,H ;%ia;jdoh mj;ajdf.k .sfha h' t,a'à'à'B'h

hqOuh jYfhka mrdch lsÍug ie,iqï ilia lrk

úg by; wdldrfha uqo,a úY=oaêlrK lghq;= o

j<lajd,Sfï wjYH;djla Y%S ,xld rchg ;snq‚'

tf;la Y%S ,xldfõ úksuh md,k mk;" nexl= mk;"

f¾.= mk; wdÈfhka jl% j uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg

tfrys j úúO mshjr f.k ;snqK o th m%udKj;a

fkd jk fyhska uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug

Rcq mk;a folla iïu; lrk ,§'

1' 2006 wxl 5 ork uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

je<elaùfï mk;

2' 2006 wxl 6 ork uqo,a .kqfokq jd¾;d lsÍfï

mk;

Bg wu;r j 2005 wxl 25 ork ;%ia;jd§kag uqo,a

iemhSu uev meje;aùfï iïuq;s mk; u.ska o uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug Rcq odhl;ajhla ,efí'

2006 wxl 5 ork uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï

mk; u.ska uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg wh;a jk jerÈ

yd o~qjï ms<sn| j kS;suh miqìu meyeÈ,s lr

we;' ta wkqj wmrdOj,ska fyda kS;Hkql+, fkd

jk ud¾. yryd uqo,a fyda foam< bmhSu" tajd <Õ

;nd .ekSu" mßyrKh lsÍu" neyer lsÍu" Ndr

.ekSu wdÈh uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg we;=<;a jk jerÈ

lsysmhls' fï yereKq úg u;aøjH iïnkaO jerÈ"

úfoaY úksuhg wod< jerÈ" msróvdldr .kqfokq"

wka;¾ cd;sl ixúOdkd;aul wmrdO" wka;¾cd,h

wdY%s; wmrdO" <uhskag tfrys wmrdO" ñksia

cdjdru" f¾.= wdd mk;g wod< jerÈ wdÈh o uqo,a

úY=oaêlrK mk; Tiafia o~qjï ,eìh yels jerÈ

f,i fmkajd § we;' fuu mk;g wod< j by;

fudkhï wdldrfha fyda jrolg uydêlrKh

úiska jrolre hehs ;Skaÿ l<fyd;a" jir 5 - 20 w;r ld,hla isr o~qjï ,nd §u" foam< rdcika;l

lsÍu" foam< jákdlu fuka ;=ka .=Khla ov kshu

lsÍu jeks o~qjï meñK úh yels h' fuu mk;

ms<sn| j ú.%y lrk úg wjfndaO jkafka uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< kS;suh miqìu

iy wêlrK l%shdj,sh ia:dmkh lsÍu bka isÿ

jk njh' rgla jYfhka cd;sl uQ,H moaO;sh ;=<

uQ,H úY=oaêlrKh isÿ jkafka o" tjekakla isÿ

jkafka kï Bg wod< f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug tajd

j<lajd .ekSu i|yd ud¾f.damfoaY iy ks¾foaY

ilia lsÍug cd;sl uÜgfï hdka;%Khla wjYH

fõ' tfy;a uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï mk;

Tiafia t jeks cd;sl uÜgfï hdka;%Khla ia:dms;

fldg ke;s w;r fjk;a mk;la u.ska Y%S ,xldj

;=< uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< cd;sl

uÜgfï hdka;%Khla ia:dms; fldg we;'

2006 wxl 6 ork uqo,a .kqfokq jd¾;d lsÍfï

mk; u.ska Wla; wdldrfha uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

je<elaùug wod< cd;sl hdka;%Kh ia:dmkh lrk

,È' fï ld,h jk úg fndfyda rgj,a fu jeks

cd;sl wdh;k ia:dmkh lr ;snQ w;r UNODC"

t.aukaÜ iuQQyh" uQ,H idOl ld¾h n,ldh jeks

cd;Hka;r ixúOdk u.ska o idudðl rdcHhkag

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< j cd;sl

hdka;%Khla ia:dms; lsÍfï wjYH;djh fmkajd

§ ;sìKs' ta wkqj 2006 ud¾;= udifha § uqo,a yd

l%u iïmdok wud;HdxYh hgf;a Y%S ,xldfõ

uQ,H nqoaê tallh fyj;a uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

je<elaùug wod< cd;sl hdka;%Kh uqo,a .kqfokq


jd¾;d lsÍfï mk; m%ldr j msysgqjk ,§' fuh

furg uQ,H úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< j

.kakd ,o fhdaO mshjrla f,i y÷kajd Èh yels

h' ckdêm;sjrhdf.a ksfhda.hlg wkqj 2007 fmnrjdß udifha isg uQ,H nqoaê tallh Y%S ,xld

uy nexl=fõ fomd¾;fïka;=jla f,i ia:dmkh

lrk ,§'

uQ,H nqoaê tallh

by; ffk;sl úêúOdkh weiqfrka ia:dmkh

lrk ,o Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,H nqoaê tallfhys wruqK

yd ld¾hhNdrh ms<sn| j mdGl wjOdkh fhduq

lsÍu ó<Õg isÿ fõ' ta wkqj uQ,H nqoaê tallh

msysgqùfï uQ,sl wruqK jkafka cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r

kS;s fr.=,diSkag wod< j uQ,H úY=oaêlrKh

je<elaùfuys,d .; yels iEu l%shdud¾.hla u

.ekSuhs' fuu wruqK idlaId;a lsÍu i|yd uQ,H

nqoaê tallh úiska úúO ld¾hhka isÿ lrkq ,nhs'

fï wkqj uqo,a .kqfokq" úoHq;a uqo,a .kqfokq iy

iel lghq;= .kqfokq ms<sn| uQ,H wdh;kj,ska

jd¾;d ,nd .ekSu uQ,H nqoaê tallfha m%Odk

ld¾hhls' Wla; ld¾hhg wod< j 2014 foieïn¾

ui 31 jk úg n,m;%,dNS jd‚c nexl= 25lska

o" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= 9lska o" n,m;%,dNS

uQ,H iud.ï 48lska o" rlaIK iud.ï 21lska o"

fldgia ;e/õldr iud.ï 35lska o" n,h,;a uqo,a

yqjudrelrejka 70lska o jd¾;d yd f;dr;=re ,nd

.ekSu uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska isÿ flßKs' fï

ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lsÍfï § uqo,a .kqfokq

jd¾;d lsÍfï mkf;a 15 jk j.ka;sh m%ldr j

o;a; ,nd .ekSu" tajd úYaf,aIKh lsÍu" m¾fhaIK

isÿ lsÍu yd uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod<

m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍu wdÈh o uQ,H nqoaê tallfha

ld¾hhNdrhg wh;a nj y÷kd .; yels h' t

fuka u Y%S ,xld uQ,H moaO;sfha úúO wdh;khkag

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< úúO Í;s yd

ud¾f.damfoaY ksl=;a lsÍu" tajd ksis whqßka tu

wdh;k ms<smÈkafka oehs fidhd ne,Su wdÈh o tys

ld¾hhkag wod< ;j;a la fIa;%hka fõ' fï yereKq

úg cd;sl uQ,H moaO;sfha fiajl fiaúldjkaf.a

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< oekqu jeä

ÈhqKq lsÍu" Bg wod< Odß;dj by< kexùu

wdÈh i|yd mqyqKq jevigyka meje;aùu" foaYSh

cd;Hka;r ixúOdk w;r .súiqï yd iïuq;Skag

t<öu jeks ld¾hhka o uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska

lrf.k hkq ,nhs' fuu lreKqj,g wkqj

meyeÈ,s jkafka uQ,H úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï

wruqKg wod< j uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska foaYSh

yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka úYd, ld¾hhNdrhla isÿ

lr f.k hkq ,nk njhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sh ms<sn| j

f,dal nexl=fõ wdlD;shg wkqj furg uQ,H nqoaê

tallh úiska we.ehSula isÿ lr we;' tu jd¾;djg

wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sh

ie,lsh hq;= whqrlska m%.;shla ,nd we;s nj;a

tfy;a tlS ;;a;ajh ;jÿrg;a by< kexúh hq;=

nj;a i|yka lr we;s w;r Bg wod< úúO ks¾foaY

bÈßm;a lsÍu o isÿ lr we;' tu jd¾;dj ilia

lsÍfï § cd;sl uQ,H moaO;sfha úúO wdh;k fuka

u uQ,H úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùug wod< ffk;sl

yd m%;sm;a;s rduqj o úu¾Ykhg ,la lr we;'

tys tla m%Odk ksÍlaIKhlg wkqj Y%S ,xld uQ,H

moaO;sfha úYd, u mx.=jlg Wreulï lshk nexl=

moaO;sfhys uQ,H úY=oaêlrKhg wod< wjodku

wfkl=;a lafIa;%hkag idfmalaI j t kï rlaIK"

iq/l=ïm;a" wúêu;a uQ,H wxYh jeks tajdg jvd

my< w.hla .kakd nj y÷kd f.k we;' óg m%Odk

fya;=j jkafka cd;sl nexl= moaO;sh úêu;a j yd

iunr j ilia jQjla fyhska thg wod< j úúO

ks¾foaY bÈßm;a lsÍu iy kshduk lghq;= mj;ajd

f.k hEu myiqùuhss (National Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Risk Assessment of Sri Lanka, 2014)' tfy;a wfkl=;a lafIa;%j, oel .;

yels hï hï wdldrfha wúêu;a iajrEm yd wia:dhS

nj fya;=fjka tajd ksrka;rfhka kshdukh lsÍu

wmyiq úh yels h' t jeks wdldrfha úúO ksÍlaIK

mokï fldg f.k Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh

je<elaùfï l%shdud¾. we.ehSug ,la lrk ,o

by; jd¾;dj úiska uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu

jeäÈhqKq lsÍug o úúO ks¾foaY bÈßm;a lr we;'

tlS ish,a, iïmsKavkh l<fyd;a bka wjOdrKh

lr we;af;a m%;sm;a;s rduqj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu" uqo,a

úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| m¾fhaIK l%shdj,sh .=Kd;aul

j yd m%udKd;aul j m%j¾Okh lsÍu" óg wod<

cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r jmißh mq¿,a lsÍu" uyck

oekqïj;aNdjh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu wdÈh jk nj y÷kd

.; yels h' (National Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Risk Assessment of Sri Lanka, 2014) Wla; ks¾foaY l%shd;aul lsÍfï § ;dlaIK

wxYh ms<sn| j o wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu w;HjYH


fõ' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hkq ixlS¾K fuka u úYd,

;dlaI‚l dKhla mokï jQ l%shdj,shla nj fuu

,smsfha uq, isg u wjOdrKh lrk ,È' ta wkqj

uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdj,sfhka Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl

uQ,H moaO;sh wdrlaId lr .ekSug ;dlaIKh yd

kj m¾fhaIKd;aul oekqu mokï jQ l%shdj,shla

f,i oekg mj;sk uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys

cd;sl l%shdj,sh ;jÿrg;a Yla;su;a l< hq;= nj

fmkajd Èh yels h'•

uQ,dY%(

úfÊiQßh ã'fla' ^2016&l¿ i,a,s iqÿ lsÍfï m%;súmdlh uqo,a úY=oaêslrKh"

foi;sh iÕrdj" rcfha m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j

Money Laundering and Financial Crimes Country Database, 2015jd¾Isl jd¾;dj" uQQ,H nqoaê tallh" YSS%% ,xld uy nexl=j

jd¾Isl jd¾;dj" YSS%% ,xld uy nexl=j

fhdackd l%uhla hkq

flfkl= úiska hï uqo,la f.jd

idudðl;ajh ,ndf.k ;j;a idudðlhka n|jd .ekSu ;=<ska wdodhï ,nd.ekSug fhdackd lrk l%uhlaa msróv fhdackd l%uhla

f,i ye¢kaúhyels h'

• hï flfkla Tng wLKavj úYd, m%;s,dN ,nd.ekSug fufia fhdackd lrhs o@

rka ldis" fmkavkaÜ" .Dy NdKav" úÿ,s WmlrK" iQ¾h fldaI" jkaokd pdßld jeks NdKav yd fiajdjka ñ,§ f.k idudðlhl= jk f,i

M,odhS ksIamdok fyda fiajdjka bgq fkdfldg ;j;a idudðlhska n|jd §fuka muKla w;s úYd, wdodhï ,nd .; yels nj mejiSu

fïjd ;ykï msróv fhdackd l%u fõ';j;a idudðlhska n|jd .ekSug fkdyels ùfuka b;d blaukska fuu cd,h lvd jefgkq we;'

1988 wxl 30 ork nexl= mkf;a 83we j.ka;sh hgf;a fujeks fhdackd l%%u i|yd iyNd.S ùu" m%%pdrKh" uqo,a fhoùu kS;s úfrdaë fõ'

§fujeks ;ykï fhdackd l%%u j,ska Wmhkq ,nk uqo,a yd tu uqo,ska w;am;a lr.kq ,nk foam< ms<sn| Rcqj fyda jl%%j .kqfokqj,g t<öSu uqo,a úY=oaêlrK je<elaùfï mk; wkqj o kS;s úfrdaë fõ'¶

0112 398542" 0112 398762

;ykï

fujeks kS;s úfrdaë fhdackd l%uj,g iïnkaO ùfuka jir 5 la olajd isr o~qjï iy remsh,a ,CI úiaila fyda jxpdjg iïnkaO ù bmhQQ uqΩ¿ uqo, fuka fo.=Khl ov uqo,la f.ùug isÿúh yel'

jxpdldÍ jQ fujeks fhdackd l%uj,g yiqù wudrefõ jefgkak tmd'

fujeks wh ms<sn| f;dr;=re wef;d;a <Õu we;s fmd,Sishg fyda Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ my; ÿrl:k wxlj,g oekqï fokak'


uQ,sl jHq;amkak WmlrK yd wjodkï l<ukdlrKh

ví'wdr®'tï'fla' m%kdka≥ksfhdacH wOHCI

wjodkï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=jjHq;amkak WmlrKwdfhdack l<ukdlrKh ;=< oelsh yels thg u

wdfõ‚l jQ ixl,amhla f,i —wjodku˜ y÷kd

.; yels h' tu ksid u wdfhdack l<ukdlrefjda

ksrka;rfhka ;u wdfhdack iuÕ noaO j we;s

wjodkï y÷kd .ekSug" th uekSug fuka u

md,kh lsÍug o W;aidy lr;s' wjodku uekSu

i|yd iïNdú;d kHdhka we;=¿ .‚;uh l%u

fhdod .efka'

fï i|yd ir, WodyrKhla f,ig úúO

iq/l=ïm;a yd neÿïlrj,ska muKla wmf.a

jHdmdßl fjf<|fmd< iukaú; jkafka hhs

Wml,amkh lruq' tu ksid tys § tu iq/l=ïm;a yd

ne¢ wjodkï jkafka" iq/l=ïm;aj, fjf<|fmd<

jákdlu fjkiaùfï wjodku yd nqkaj;a njg

m;aùfï wjodku hk tajd h' tu wjodkï

md,kh lsÍfï wruq‚ka uQ,H l<ukdlrejka

úiska úúO wdfhdack udOHj, wdfhdackh

lsÍu fyj;a wdfhdack i|yd tl u iud.ul

iq/l=ïm;aj, fkd fhdod úúO lafIa;%j,

jHdmdrj, kshq;= iud.ï lsysmhla w;r fnod

yeÍu fuka u rcfha iq/l=ïm;a jeks meyer yeÍfï

wjodkï rys; wdfhdack udOH f;dard .ekSu isÿ

lrkq ,eìh yels hs'

kuq;a m%dfhda.sl j tn÷ iq/l=ïm;a muKla we;s

ir, uQ,H fjf<|fmd<la oelsh fkd yels hs'

iq/l=ïm;a fjf<|fmd<" úksuh fjf<|fmd<"

uqo,a fjf<|fmd<" NdKav fjf<|fmd< wd§

úúO jQ fjf<|fmd<j,a rdYshlska yd úúO

uQ,H WmlrKj,ska iukaú; uQ,H mßirhla

j¾;udkfha ks¾udKh ù we;' uQ,H WmlrK

iïnkaOfhka jk fjf<o jákdlï fjkiaùï"

uqo,a m%jdy fjkiaùï" NdKav ñ, fjkiaùï

fuka u uQ,H fjf<|fmd< ;=< we;s úh yels

WÉPdjpkhka ksid we;s úh yels wjodkï wju

lsÍfï wruq‚ka jHq;amkak WmlrK fjf<|fmd<

^Derivative Market& ìys ù we;' fï wkqj jHq;amkak

hkq thg iïnkaO j;alu ke;fyd;a wdY%s;

j;alfï w.fha WÉPdjpkhg wkqj wdY%s; ysñ

jk uQ,H WmlrKhla f,i ye¢kaúh yels hs'

tu wdY%s; j;alu f,i oDYH NdKavhla" fmd,S

m%jdyhla" iud.ï fldgia" úksuh tallhla fyda

fjk;a yqjudre m%Njhla ksfhdackh lrhs'

fuu fjf<|fmd< ;=< jHq;amkak WmlrK

yqjudre jk wdldrh wkqj j¾. lsÍula oelsh yels

hs' tajd kï"

1' yqjudre uOHia:dkhka yryd wf,ú jk

jHq;amkak WmlrK ^Exchange Traded&

2' ljqkagrh u; fjf<|dï jk jHq;amkak

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yqjudre uOHia:dkhla yryd fjf<|fmdf<a wf,ú jk jHq;amkak WmlrK

fïjd jvd;a ixúê; fjf<|fmd<l wf,ú

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hgf;a fjf<|du isÿ flf¾' fjf<|fmd<

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uOHia:dkh yryd jHq;amkak WmlrK wf,ú


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.sKqu˜ kñka jQ kduud;% .sKqula ;u kñka

újD; fldg tys ;u wdfhdackh u; mokï j

yqjudre uOHia:dkh úiska kshu flfrk uqo,la

;ekam;a l< hq;= hs' isÿ lrk ,o wdfhdackhka

ffoksl j —fjf<|fmd< ,l=Kq lsÍu˜ ^Mark - to - Market& isÿ flfrk w;r tys woyi jkafka

oji wjidkfha § tu wdfhdackj, fjf<|fmd<

w.h ;SrKh fldg ,dN mdvq .Kkh lsÍuhs' tu

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uqo,a ;ekam;a lrk f,i oekqï§ula isÿ lrhs' tu

oekqï§u —wdka;sl oekqï§u˜ ke;fyd;a —Margin Call˜ f,i y÷kajhs' ta ;=<ska isÿ úh yels w,dNodhS

;;a;ajhka ke;fyd;a wjodkï md,kh lsÍu

isÿ lrhs' flfia kuq;a yqjudre uOHia:dkhla

yryd wf,ú jk jHq;amkak WmlrK i|yd jk

wjodku orkafka yqjudre uOHia:dkh úisks'

wf,úlrejka jHq;amkak WmlrK wf,ú lrkafka

yqjudre uOHia:dkhg jk w;r .ekqïlrejka

ñ, § .kafka yqjudre uOHia:dkfhks' t fia

fkdue;s j wf,úlrejka yd .ekqïlrejka w;r

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fï wkqj yqjudre uOHia:dkhla u; mokï jQ

fjf<|fmd<j, ,laIK my; i|yka mßÈ idrdxY

.; l< yels hs'

1' fjf<|dï lrkq ,nk .súiqï iïu; m%ñ;s"

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;efnk fõ,djka wdÈh úêu;a f,i yqjudre

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ie,iSu

4' ksYaldIK kS;sÍ;sj,g yd wdka;r wjYH;dj,g

hg;aùu

5' ffoksl j fjf<|fmd<g ,l=Kq lsßu isÿ

lsÍu yd ta wkqj wdka;r wjYH;d mekùu

6' ;e/jqlrejka ixúOdkh fldg ;sîu

7' yqjudre uOHia:dkfha ñ, .Kka ieug u

újD; ksid ñ, .Kka flfrys n,mEula isÿ

ùu

yqjudre uOHia:dkhla yryd flfrk .kqfokqj, jdis

1' wdka;sl ,l=Kq lsÍu ksid .súiqïj, we;s

wjodku wvqùu

2' ñ, .Kka mdroDYH ùu ^Transparency&

3' øjYS,;dj ixflakaøKh jQ fjf<|fmd<la ùu

4' wjidk j.lSu Ndr .ekSug yqjudre

uOHia:dkh ;sîu

yqjudre uOHia:dkhla yryd flfrk .kqfokqj, wjdis

1' kS;sÍ;s fr.=,disj,g wkqj m%ñ;s.; jQ .súiqï

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fkd ùu

3' È.= ld, mßK;shla we;s .súiqïj,g t<ôh

fkd yels ùu

ljqkagrh u; fjf<|dï jk jHq;amkak WmlrK

f,dalfha úYd,;u .kqfokq isÿ jk úfoaY úksuh

fjf<|fmd< wh;a jkafka ljqkagrh u; fjf<|dï

isÿ jk jHq;amkak WmlrK fjf<|fmd<g h'

md¾Yajj,g wjYH mßÈ" .súiqï fldkafoais we;s lr

.; yels jk w;r nexl= ÿrl:k" *elaia m‚úv

yd frdhsg¾" íÆïn¾.a" khsÜrhsv¾ jeks mß.Kl

;sr Tiafia tlsfkld iuÕ .kqfokq isÿ fõ' ta

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fjf<|fmd<l my; i|yka ,laIK oelsh yels

hs'

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ks¾udKh ù we;s fjf<|fmd<la ùu

2' mß.Kl ;sr wdY%%fhka yd ñ, l:k fjf<÷ka

^Quote Vendors& ;=<ska .ekqï ñ," úl=Kqï ñ,

,nd .; yels ùu


3' yqjudre uOHia:dkhl wëlaIKhg hg;a fkd

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ljqkagrh u; jHq;amkak fjf<|dfï jdis

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wkqj .súiqï we;s lr .; yels ùu

2' tlsfkl .kqfokq ;=<ska fjf<|fmd< ñ,

fj; flfrk n,mEu wvq ùu

3' uy nexl=fõ kshdulhskaf.a mÍlaIdjg ,laùu

ksid nexl=jla yryd úksuh" fmd,S" uqo,a

yqjudre i|yd wjodkï wvq ùu

ljqkagrh u; jHq;amkak fjf<|dfï wjdis

1' m%;smd¾Yaùh wjodku wvq flfrk mßÈ lghq;=

flrk ksYaldIK wdh;k yryd .kqfokq isÿ

fkd ùu

2' Èkm;d fjf<ofmd<g ,l=Kq lsÍu ;=<ska

wdka;r wjYH;d ;SrKh fkd flrk ksid

m%;smd¾Yaùh wjodku by< ùu

3' ñ, .Kka mdroDYH fkdùu

4' ,shlshú,s ixlS¾K tajd ùu

fjf<|fmd< ;=< nyq, j fhdod .efkk jHq;amkak

WmlrK my; idlÉPd flf¾'

bÈß .kqfokq ^Forward Contracts&

j¾;udkfha tlÕ jQ ñ,la u;" wkd.; Èkl §

ñ, § .ekSu i|yd hïlsis j;alula$jHq;amkak

WmlrKhla iïnkaOfhka ñ, § .kafkl= yd

wf,úlrkafkl= w;r we;s lr .kakd .súiqulg

bÈß .súiqula hhs lshkq ,efí'

tu ksid l,ska .súi .;a ñ,g wkqj wod< .kqfokqj

isÿ lsÍu fomd¾Yajfha u j.lSuls' ñ, § .kakd

Long f,i o" úl=Kkakd Short f,i o fmdÿfõ

Ndú; flf¾' fuys § jeo.;a lreKla jkafka

.súiqu wdrïN lrk úfgl uqo,a yqjudrejla isÿ

fkd ùu hs'

Wod ( úY%du wruqo,a l<ukdlrefjl= boß udi

3lska ;u wruqo,a fhdod hï jHdmdrhl fldgia

ñ, § .ekSfï bÈß .súiqulg t<öu

Tyq wfmalaId lrkafka ;j;a udi 3lska .súi .;a

ñ,g jvd jeä ñ,la tla fldgila i|yd mj;S

h hkakhs' hï f,ilska i;H fldgia ñ, .súi

.;a ñ,g jvd wvq jqjfyd;a Tyqg mdvqjla isÿ fõ'

kuq;a tlÕ jQ ñ,g ñ, § .ekSug Tyq ne£ isà'

bÈß .súiqula l,a msÍfï § uqo,a f.ùu my; l%u

follska tlla hgf;a isÿ úh yels hs'

01' Ndr§u ^Delivery&

Long úiska tlÕ jQ uqo, Short fj; Ndr§u;a"

Short úiska NdKav Long fj; Ndr§u;a isÿ

fõ'

02' uqo,ska mshùu ^Settlement&

Y=oaO uqo,a m%jdyh md¾Yaj follska tla md¾Yajhla

fj; uqo,ska f.ùu hs ^Non - Deliverable Forwards&'

bÈß .súiqïj, we;s meyer yeÍfï wjodku hkq

uqo,ska mshjk .súiqul § kï" iEu úg u jeä

jákdlula fydnjk md¾Yajh úiska meyer yeÍug

we;s wjodkuhs' ld,h bl=;a ùu olajd u mj;ajd

.ekSfuka fyda Bg m%:u fjk;a .súiqulg thg

m%;súreoaO f,i t<öu ;=<ska bÈß .súiqu wjika

lsÍu isÿ l< yels hs'

wkd.; .súiqï ^Futures&

wkd.; .súiqï hkq yqjudre uOHia:dkhla yryd

fj<|dï jk tys m%ñ;s.; kS;sÍ;sj,g wkql+, j

ms<sfh< fldg we;s .súiqï jk w;r j¾;udkfha

tlÕ jQ ñ,la u; wkd.;fha § .kqfokq lsÍug

fomd¾Yajhla w;r tlÕ;djla we;s fõ'

fï i|yd oaú;aj fjf<|fmd<la we;s w;r Èkm;d

,dN mdvq .Kkh fldg ysñlrejkaf.a .sKqï

.e,mSula isÿ lrk ksid meyer yeÍfï wjodku

b;d wvq hs' fïjd o fome;s .súiqï fõ' t kï

fomd¾Yajhg u ne£ï we;' jHdmdr jia;= o¾Yl

^Stock Index Futures&" flá ld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;"


È.=ld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;" uqo,a j¾. hkd§ f,i

wkd.; .súiqï Ndú; fõ'

wkd.; .súiqï fj<|du ms<sn| j m%ldY lsÍug

o¾Yl folla fhdod .kS'

1' újD; wfmalaIdj ( t kï ;ju;a újD; j

we;s" ke;fyd;a wjika lr fkdue;s ^ys,õ ù

fkdue;s& .súiqï

2' fjf<|dï m%udKh ( hï ld,hla ;=< fjf<|dï

l< .kqfokq m%udKh

bÈß .súiqï wkd.; .súiqï

1' fj<|du isÿ ùu

^Trading Location&ixúOdkh jQ yqjudre

uOHia:dkhl § isÿ fõ

nexl=lrefjl= úiska

fufyhjk w;r ÿrl;k"

*elaia ;=<ska fjf<|du isÿ fõ

2' .súiqfï úYd,;ajh

^Contract Size&iyNd.Sjkakkaf.a wjYH;dj

u; ;SrKh fõ

kshñ; mßÈ m%ñ;shlg wkql+,

j yqjudre uOHia:dkh ;SrKh

lrhs

3' mshùu$ ld,h

^Settlement&.súiqï m%ldr j nexl=j ueÈy;a ù

kshu lr .;a ñ,g úlsŒu fyda

ñ, § .ekSu

ffoksl j yqjudre uOHia:dkh

úiska fjf<|fmd<g ,l=Kq

lsÍu u;

4' j,x.= ld,h

^Expire&fomd¾Yajfha wjYH;dj u;

;SrKh lr .;a Èkj, §

yqjudre uOHia:dkh úiska

l,ska u ;SrKh lr we;'

5' Ndr§u

^Delivery&nyq, jYfhka isÿ fõ úr, h' ta fjkqjg úlsŒug

tfrys j ñ, § .ekSu isÿ fõ'

úl,am .súiqï ^Options&

.súiqfï tlÕ jQ ñ, .Kklg hï j;alula

wkd.;fha § ñ, § .ekSu fyda úlsŒu tu .súiqu

orkakdg ysñ jk whs;shla ñi j.lSula fkd fõ'

fuu whss;sh ysñ lr .ekSu Wfoid .súiqu ñ,

§ .kakd ñ,la ^Premium& f.úh hq;= w;r" th

orkakd l%shd;aul lrk úg .re lsÍug .súiqu

úl=Kkakd ne£ isà' tu ksid ;ks me;af;a TÜgq

f,i fuu úl,am .súiqï y÷kajhs' t kï tys

wdY%s; wiuñ;sl fõ' úl,am ñ, § .kafkl= ñ,la

f.jd .súiqula ñ, § .ekSfuka —whs;shla˜ ysñ

lr .kS' .ekqïlreg mdvq úh yels Wmßuh tu

.ekqï ñ, ^Premium& hs' úl=Kkakdg ,eìh yels

f,dl=u ,dNh o thhs'

úl,am .súiqï j¾. Types of Option Contracts&

• werhqï úl,am ^Call Options& yd .ekqï úl,am

^Put Options&

werhqï úl,am

fuu úl,am .súiqu ;=<ska ñ, § .kakd fj;

tlÕ jQ ñ,lg wkd.;fha tlÕ jQ ld,

jljdkqjl § wdY%s; j;alu ñ, § .ekSfï

whs;sh ,efí'

.ekqï úl,am

úl,am ^wê& ñ,la f.jd .ekqï úl,amhla

ysñ lr .kakd md¾Yajh fj; tlÕ jQ ñ,la

u; wkd.; ld, jljdkqjl § wdY%s; j;alu

úlsŒfï ysñlu ,efí'

bÈß .súiqï yd wkd.; .súiqï w;r fjki


werhqï .ekqï

01' wdY%s; j;alfï ñ, fjkiaùu ñ, jeäùu

ñ, wvqùu

02' l%shd;aul lsÍfï ñ, fjkiaùu ñ, jeäùu

ñ, wvqùu

03' bl=;aùug $ mßK;shg we;s ld,h jeäùu

^Time to Expire& wvqùu

04' ñ, kuH;dj jeäùu

wvqùu

05' j;alï ysñhkaf.a wfmalaIs; uqo,a werhqï úl,am uqo,a ,eîï

,eîï by< hdu ñ,§ .ekSu ksid j;alu

fjkqjg j;alu ysñ lr

ysñ lr .ekSu .ekSfï w.h

,dNodhS ksid jeä ksid

werhqï ukdm .ekqï úl,am

ñ, my; jefÜ ñ, by< hhs

06' fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd; j;alu fláj j;alu i|yd jeäùu

úl=KQ uqo,a uqo,a imhd

wdfhdackh .ekSu Khg

lrk ksid isÿ jk ksid

ukdm werhqï .ekqï úl,am

ñ, by< hhs ñ, my; jefÜ

• weußldkq yd hqfrdamSh úl,am ^American Options and European Options&

weußldkq úl,am ysñ lr .;a wfhl=g tu

úl,amfha Ôú; ld,h ;=< ´kE u fj,djl

th l%shd;aul lsÍfï ysñlu ,efí'

kuq;a" hqfrdamSh úl,am l%%shd;aul l< yelafla

tajdfha Ôú; ld,h wjidkfha § t kï mßK;

jQ úg h'

• fmd,S wkqmd; úl,am

fï hgf;a lemaia ^Caps&" *af,da¾ia ^Floors& iy fld,¾ia ^Collars&

lemaia

l%%shd;aul lsÍfï wkqmd;slhg jvd

fjf<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slh by< .sh

úfgl .súiqu ñ, § .kakd ia:djr fmd,S

wkqmd;slhla f.ùu i|yd .súiqula we;s lr

.kS' Khlrejka ^Borrower& úiska ñ, § .kS'

fï wkqj" lemaia nexl=jlska ñ, § .;a l< tys

ñ, § .kakd tlÕ jQ fmd,S wkqmd;slhg jvd

fjf<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slh jeä jQ úg tu

fjki nexl=fjka ,nd .kS' tu ksid by<

hk fmd,S wkqmd;slfhka wdrlaId ùug lemaia

ñ,§ .kS'

*af,da¾ia

l%%shd;aul lsÍfï wkqmd;slhg jvd

fjf<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slh my< .sh

úfgl jqj o *af,da¾ia ñ, § .kakd ia:djr

fmd,S wkqmd;slhla ,eîu i|yd we;s lr

.kakd .súiquls' ;ekam;a ysñhka ^Lenders& fu n÷ .súiqï ñ, § .kS' fï wkqj" *af,da¾ia

nexl=jlska ñ, § .;a l< tlÕ jQ fmd,S


wkqmd;slhg jvd fjf<|fmd< fmd,S

wkqmd;slh my< .sh úfgl" tu fjki

nexl=j f.jkq we;' fmd,S wkqmd;slh my<

hdu ksid ;u fmd,S wdodhï wvq ùu wdjrKh

lsÍug *af,da¾ia ñ, § .kS'

fld,¾ia

fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld,rh" lema yd *af,da¾

hk fofla ixl,khls' tlúg lema fyda

*af,da¾ tlla ñ, § .ekSula ;uka tlÕ jQ

ñ,lg *af,da¾ fyda lema úlsŒula fuys § isÿ

fõ' fuh Khlrejka yd wdfhdaclhka hk

fomd¾Yajhg u jHq;amkak msßjeh wvq fldg"

,eìh yels wdY%s; o iSud lsÍfuka ,nd .;

yels h'

WodyrK f,i lema i|yd tlÕ jQ wkqmd;slh

;=<ska Khlrefjl=g fmd,S wkqmd;slh by<

hdfuka wdrlaId úh yel' t f,iska u *af,da¾

úl,amh ;=<ska ;ukag jdisodhl f,i fmd,S

wkqmd;slh fjkiaùu lem l< hq;= h'

fuu jHq;amkak WmlrK we;=<;a uQ,H

fjf<|fmd< ;=< uQ,sl jYfhka ;=ka wdldrhl

fjf<÷ka oelsh yels jk w;r Tjqka mriamßlhska

fkdfyd;a wjodkï rys; ,dN ,nkakka

^Arbitragers&" bÈß rlskakka ^Hedgers& yd

iufmalaIlhska ^Speculators& kñka ye¢kajkq

,nhs' fudjqka fjf<|fmd< l%%shd;aul jk

wdldrh tlsfklg fjkia fõ' fjf<|fmd< ñ,

fjkialï j,g m%%;spdr olajñka b;d flá l,la

;=< tu fjf<|fmd< ñ, fjkialïj,ska ,dN

bmhSug wjodkï rys; ,dN ,nkakka l%%shd lrhs'

wjodkï oeÍu fjkqjg jHq;amkak WmlrK ;=<ska

yd wdfhdack l<U ^Investment Portfolios& ilia

lsÍu ;=<ska wjodku ú;eka lsÍug bÈß rlskakka

l%%shd lrk w;r fjf<|fmd< uOHu wdY%s; ysñlr

.ekSug Tjqka Wkkaÿjla olajhs' iufmalaIlhska

iEu úg u by< wjodkula orñka ;;a;ajhka

^Positions& f.dv k.d .ksñka by< wdY%s; ysñlr

.ekSug W;aiql fj;s'

wjodkï l<ukdlrKh

wjodkï l<ukdlrKh isÿ flfrk wdldrh

fjf<|fmd< yd wdh;k iajNdjh wkqj fjkia

úh yels h' WodyrK f,i wjodkï Ndr.ekSu

;u jHdmdr lr .;a uQ,H wdh;k iy wruqo,a

l<ukdlrKh isÿ lrk fm!oa.,sl jHdmdr tall

úiska by< wjodkï orñka ish wruqK jk ,dN

lrd <Õdùug W;aidy oeÍu oelaúh yels h' ish

iudkhka ^Peer Groups& iuÕ we;s ;shqKq ;r.

iuÕ wjodkug uqyqK foñka by< ,dN jd¾;d

lsÍug ,dN wruqKq lr .;a ish¨ u wdh;k

W;aidy lr;s'

ta wkqj" idudkH uQ,H fjf<|fmd< by<

wjodkï iuÕ by< wdY%s; ixl,amhg wkqj hñka

wjodkï l<ukdlrK isÿ lrhs' uQ,sl jYfhka

wdfhdack l<U ilia lr .ekSu ;=<ska tlsfkl

iyiïnkaO;dj ^Co-relation& wvq wfhdack

udOH ;=< fnod .ekSu yd jHq;amkak WmlrK

fjf<|fmd< WmlrK ;=<ska ;uka uqyqK fok

wdfhdack wjodkï l<ukdlrKhg fhduq fõ'•


f.da,Sh kjH;d o¾Ylh-2017

1' yeÈkaùu

zw¨;a w¨;a oE fkd;lk cd;sh f,dj fkd k.SZ

hk l=udr;=x. uqksodihkaf.a rejka jelsfha mj;sk

iod;ksl wd¾Ól úoHd;aul w¾:h fudkjg úoyd

mdñka kj f,dj ish¨ cd;Ska kjHlrKhka ;u

wd¾Ólhkays .dul n,fõ.hla f,i i,lkakd

fia u" th úoHd;aul j uek ne,Sfï wjYH;dj

o wjOdrKh lr we;' kjHlrKhkaf.a ;;a;ajh

f.da,Sh uÜgñka úoHd;aul j úuid nef,k

f.da,Sh kjH;d o¾Ylh ^Global Innovative Index-GII& fuys,d lemS fmfkk w;r 2017 j¾Ih i|yd

o th kj uqyqKqjrlska lr,shg meñK we;' fuu

,smsfha wruqK jkafka f.da,Sh kjH;d o¾Ylh iy

tys ieleiau;a YS%% ,xldfõ fY%%a‚.; lsÍï ms<sn|

j;a úuid ne,Su h'

hqfrdamSh m%%cdj (European Communities) iy

wd¾Ól iyfhda.s;dj iy ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ

ixúOdkh ^Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD& hk ixúOdkj,

ks¾jpkhkag wkqj kfjda;amdokhka$

kjHlrKhka f,i i,lkafka w¨;a fyda ie,lsh

hq;= uÜgulska jeäÈhqKq lrk ,o ksIamdokhla"

l%%shdj,shla" wf,úlrK l%%uhla fuka u jHdmdßl

wxYfha lghq;=j,$Ndú;djkays" jHdmdßl ia:dkj,

iy jHdmdßl ndysr iïnkaO;d hk wxYj, kj

ixúOdkd;aul jHqyhla hkdÈhhs'

f.da,Sh kjH;d o¾Ylh hkq f,dj oi; ìysjk

kfjda;amdokhkaf.a uÜgu m%%udKd;aul j uek

ne,Sfï wáfhka 2007 j¾Ifha lr,shg meñ‚

ixl,amhls' fuu ixl,amh lsysm wdldrhlska

jeo.;alula Wiq,hs' f,dj fndfyda rgj,a ;u

;ukaf.a wd¾Ól j¾Ok l%%shdodufha § kfjda;amdok

flfrys úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrhs' t fia u

wfkl=;a rgj, isÿ jk kjHlrKhka ms<sn|

j o ;r.ldÍ oDIaá fldaKhlska úuid ne,Sug

fm<fò' Bg fya;= jkafka f,dj hï rgl ìys jk

kjHlrKhka fmdÿfõ ish¨ rgj, wd¾Ól iy

iudc ixj¾Okh ioyd iDcq j fyda jl%% j n,mEï

we;s lsÍuhs' wks;a w;g kj f,dj kjHlrKhka

b;d mq¿,a jQ mßirhl uyd mßudKfhka iy

fõ.fhka jHdma; jkakls' t muKla fkd j

kjHlrKhka ms<sn| j f,djg y÷kajd §u fia u

kjHlrKhka yd iïnkaO wfkl=;a md¾Yajhkaf.a

wjOdkh iy ms<s.ekSu ta ioyd ,nd .ekau o b;d

jeo.;a h' fu jeks lreKq iuqyhla fya;=fjka"

GII ixl,amh b;d jeo.;a jqjla f,i ie,fla' fï

jk úg fuu o¾Ylh f,dj ìys jk kfjda;amdok

ms<sn| j wLKav we.ehSï hdka;%%Khla f,i o"

kjHlrKhka ms<sn| j Wkkaÿj olajk m%%;sm;a;s

iïmdolhka fj; fkdr;=re iïmdokh flfrk

fuj,ula f,i o l%%shd flf¾' flfia fj;;a fuu

o¾Ylh u.ska kfjda;amdok ìys úh yels mßirh

ms<sn| j úuid ne,Su yer kùlrKhka wkqj ta

ta rgj, ixj¾ê; uÜgu fyda rgj,a ldKav.;

lsÍula isÿ fkd flf¾' t fia u fuu o¾Ylh

iïmdokh lrkakkaf.a wfmalaIdj jkafka

kjHlrKhka jvd;a ;d;a;aúl j y÷kd .ekSu

ioyd WÑ;" jeäÈhqKq jQ rduqjla ;=< o¾Ylh

ms<sfh< lsÍuhs' ta wkqj wkd.;fha § ;jÿrg;a

jeäÈhqKq jQ o¾Ylhla wfmalaId l< yels h' GII i|yd 2017 jif¾ rgj,a 127la i,ld n,d we;s

lu,a uqKisxy fcHIaG iyldr wOHCI

ksrdlrK yd n,.ekaùï fomdr®;fïka;=j


f.da,Sh kjH;d or®Ylh

kjH;d ldr®hCIu;d wkqmd;h

wdodk Wm or®Ylh m%%;sodk Wm or®Ylh

wdh;k1' foaYmd,ksl m˙irh2' ffk;sl rduqj3' jHdmdr m˙irh

udkj iïm;a iy mr®fhaIK1' wOHdmkh2' ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh3' mr®fhaIK iy ixjr®Ok

há;, myiqlï1' f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh2' fmd≥ há;, myiqlï 3' md˙i˙l ;sridr nj

fjf<|fmd< úplaIK;dj1' Kh2' wdfhdack 3' fjf<| ;r.ld˙;ajh iy m˙udj

jHdmdr úplaIK;dj1' ±kqïj;a Y%%ñlhska2' kjH;d iyiïnkaOh 3' ±kqu Wlyd .ekSu

±kqu iy ;dlaI◊l ksuejqu1' ±kqu ksr®udKh2' ±kqï M, 3' ±kqï úixfhdackh

ksr®udKd;aul ksuejqï1' wiamDYH j;alï2' ksr®udKd;aul NdKav iy fiajd 3' wka;r®cd, ksr®udKlrKh

igyk - 1

w;r fuu rgj, ðj;a jk ck.ykh iuia;

f,dal ck.ykfhka ishhg 92'5la iy f,dal

o< cd;sl wdodhfuka ishhg 97'6la o ksfhdackh

lrhs'

2' f.da,Sh kjH;d o¾Ylfha ieleiau

GII f.dv kef.kafka m%%Odk Wm wxY folla

hgf;a h' kjHlrKhka iïnkaO wdodk Wm

o¾Ylh ^Inputs& iy m%%;sodk ^Outputs& Wm o¾Ylh

tu Wm wxY folhs'

1' wdodk Wm o¾Ylh - fuys § cd;sl wd¾Ólh ;=<

kjHlrKhka ìys úh yels mßirhl mj;sk

wdodk wkq fldgia myla ms<sn| j i,ld nef,a'

2' m%%;sodk Wm o¾Ylh - fuys § i,lkafka cd;sl

wd¾Ólfha ìys jk kjHlrK l%%shdldrlïj,

m%%;sM, ms<sn| jhs' fï hgf;a wkq fldgia

folla ms<sn| j úuid nef,a'

by; Wm o¾Yl iudk nr ;eîï iys; j .Kkh

flf¾'


3' iuia; GII o¾Ylh - fu u.ska by; o¾Yl

fofla idudkHh .Kkh lr olajhs'

4' kjH;d ld¾hlaIu;d wkqmd;h - fuh wdodk

Wm o¾Ylhg m%%;sodk Wm o¾Ylh olajk

wkqmd;h ms<sn| j ñkqu jk w;r t u.ska hï

rgl wdodk u.ska ,efnk m%%;sodk ms<sn| j

woyila bÈßm;a flf¾'

by; oela jQ wdodk yd m%%;sodk Wm o¾Yl ;j;a

Wm fldgia ;=k ne.ska ksfhdackh lrhs' tu Wm

o¾Yl ;j;a fjka fjka jYfhka jQ o¾Yl 81 la

iuÕ o iïnkaO ù we;' GII ilia lsÍfï § ta ta

wd¾Ólj, Yla;Ska iy ÿ¾j,;d" o;a; moaO;s i|yd

m%%fõY ùug we;s yelshdj" o;a; uQQ,dY%% yd ks¾jpk

iy úia;rd;aul ;dlaI‚l igyka hk lreKq

ms<sn| j o wjOdkh fhduq lrhs' t fia u GII bÈßm;a lsÍfï § 2011 jif¾ isg hqfrdamSh m%%cdj

iuÕ o iyiïnkaO fjñka iajdëk ixLHdkuh

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Perera R.A.A. (2009) "Core Inflation in Sri Lanka( Is It a Useful Guiding Indicator in Conducting Monetary Policy?", International Research Conference central Bank of Sri Lanka

Rummel, O.(2015), " The common component of CPI( an alternative measure of underlying inflation", 2nd SEACEN Intermediate Course on Econometric Modeling and Forecasting" Philippines

jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ^2007&

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Global Innovation Index 2017" Innovation Feeding thd World" 10th Edition" Soumitra Dutta" Bruno Lanvin" and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent" Cornell University" INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization ^WIPO&

https($$en'wikipedia'org$wiki$Global_Innovation_Index


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satahana - november/december 2017 - cbsl.gov.lk · 2017 fkdje' - foie' 3 —igyk˜...

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