Science

Chapter 1- Lesson 2

How are organisms classified?

Scientists organize organisms by sorting, or classifying them into groups according to shared characteristics.

Classification has been called the science of findingpatterns.

The broadest category an organism can be classified into is a kingdom. Kingdoms are very

LARGE groups. Scientists use 6 subgroups to classify within kingdoms.

The smallest group an organism can be classified into is a species. A species only contains organismsthat are very closely related.

Kingdom

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

An easy way to help you remember is to use the following:

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Please answer the following question :

Why do scientists only use the genusand species names to identify anorganism and not all the classificationgroups?

What are animals?

•Animals are multicellular•Animals do not make their own food•Animals do not have a cell wall•Animals are able to move from place to place

Animal Kingdom

Vertebrates

Invertebrates(Animals with a backbone) (Animals without a backbone)

1. Fish2. Amphibians3. Reptiles4. Birds5. Mammals

1. Mollusks (shelled animals)2. Echinoderms (sea stars)3. Arthropods (insects)

Plant Kingdom

All plants are multicellular and make their own food. Plants are organizedinto two major groups:

1.Vascular- Contains tubes or vessels2.Nonvascular- No tubes or vessels

Nonvascular plants remain small and close to theground, where they soak up water directly.

Please answer the following question in your notebook:

An organism looks like an animal but itdoes not move. How could you determine whether it was an animal?

What are plants and fungi?

Organisms from only two kingdoms,plants and fungi have cell walls.

Fungus Kingdom

Most fungi get energy by breaking down deador decaying plants and animals. Many fungiare used by humans. Yeast is a fungus thatmakes bread. Fungi are the original source of medicines called antibiotics.

Please answer the following question in your notebook:

How are fungi different from plants?

What would happen to a forest without fungi?

Archaebacteria Kingdom

Complex, one-celled organisms, they are foundin extreme conditions, such as areas with no oxygen.

Eubacteria Kingdom

Complex, one-celled organisms. Most bacteriaare found in this kingdom. They are classifiedin their own kingdom because their chemicalmakeup is different. Some produce vitamins and food like yogurt.

Protist Kingdom

Protists are multicellular or unicellular organismsthat either make their own food or eat otherorganisms.

Six KingdomsAnimalVertebrates- fish, amphibians,mammals, reptiles, birdsInvertebrates- arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms

PlantVascularNonvascular

Fungus

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protists