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vog. xxl No.6 ?44 Mifa, Tokyo, jagean December, 1966 Price \-20

SPEECH MEETING BY BiG THREE PARTgESTII:llttlll!lllSgll"l:lllll:lllllt:LSIIIIIII:tlltllliSIItllllltlllllltllltXtl:SIttlllltlllll!111iti;Stltflll

Topic: Peeeee g]ei(edi

Sec"rity fierk Sgggeeere On Nevernber 16, at Hiyoshi "Recently the circumstancesCam.pus the Big Three Politicai in Europe have greatly chang-Parties J,omt Speech Meeting ed, and the situation betweenwas held under the auspices of east and west now faces itsthe Keio Debating Society. turnmg point. Now, the Trea-The title vLras "Peace and Se- ty is no longer based oncurity in Japan" mutual help. Strengthening Naito (Liberal- Military a!liances will mcrease YasaburoDemocratic party), Sojj okada the danger of war through the(Japan Socialist Party) and hard competition of armaments.Eki Sone ÅqDem.ocratic Socialist To decrease the possibility ofParty) were presenr. diplomaric policy must be fun- The focus of this debate was damental radical problem so,naturallv concentrated on each Japan must exert herself toparty's " concepUon of "zhe se- Mitigate the cold war betweengu.r,it,7,,SfggxY,, between japan zv.zt g,n.d.,v,vesgi,,teep.,:fi,.h,e,rs?ig,

and prohibition of duction;ld.T' ,h.e

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isasfollows Finally, the DSP representa-Fg,,ie!"•S

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ble for japan to defend herself transform temporary peaceagainst a nuclear attack. into real one . Now, Japan,todEaVyerYhb

agd7ittaiedMihtfi.gh.a,t,`beAU.NdSahnOd"icd.ar?YMouat`aanWeeLliraariedSet,ai.e:

on the other hand, Japan is MatiC pOlicy for mutual securi-clearly surrounded by commu- ty -As a part of the Treaty,nists countries. But because we should exclude the constant abolishshe i's insular, there is not American garrison andmuch tension. To restore the the bases as a rule And,UN's power, we should rely on basically we should defendthe Security Treaty. Therefore OurSelves."

we should be 6n good terms At the beginmng of thewith U.S.A. who is going in a meeting, there were aboutsimilardirection" three hundred students. But After this, JSP advocated by the time the DSP repre-anti-armed neutrality based sentative spoke the audienceupon lshibashi's proposal. had increased by 300.

A Series of -ectures On November 19, Prof. Gi-ichi Miyazaki of the YokohamaNational University, spoke on"the choice of Japanese Capi-talism on Facing a DoubleChanging w'erld economy onthe way to reformation, andthat the Japanese economywas entering mto a worldeconomy turning of itself, andconcluded that Japanese capi-talism should along vgrith 1inesof a new economic nationalismin the face of opening system. On Novernber 20, Prof ShingoFukushima of Senshu Umversitygave a lecture entitled, "Tensionin Asia and the ifS-SecurityTreaty". In his speeeh, he point- A syrrtposium calleded out choices in the revision ofthe US-Japan Security TreatY A five hour symposium call-and analized the present cirCuM- ed "Our Choice m 1970" wasstances concerning the Treaty• held on November 23 This Prof. Han]i Kinoshita, of Meiji SYMposium of heated debatesUniversity gave a lecture under was attended by three hundred.the headmg of "Conservatives The symposium closed the Mitaand Reform" on November 21. Festival.He emphasized the earnestness The lecttarers of this sympo-of the reformist group in order sium were Prof Rokuro Hidakato protect the parhamentary sys- of Tokyo Umv.. Pror. Yasusa-tem m Japan keeping question- buro Hoshmo of Tokyo Liberaling the recent corruption of the Art Univ., Prof. Zengo OhhiraConservatives and the impoten- of Hitotsubashi Univ, and As-cy of the reformist faction. sistant Prof. Shunpei Ueyama of Prof. Nobumoto Ohkuma of Kyoto Univ. The chairman wasKanagawa University spoke of Yoshihisa Kajitani, well knownthe present trend of political cnticthinking in Japan entitled That four lecturers expressed"post-war Democracy and Na- their opmions about the Secu-tionahsm". He was concerned rityofJapan.about democracy without Na- Rokuro Hidaka said thattionalism and urged the new Japan shou!d tal{e an attitudemeaningiul loyahty to the ofdisarmedneutrahty.nation. Yasusaburo Hoshmo, pointed

AdeijOei thition

Strugg/e The Studeni: Government ofMei]i University (Izumi Cam-pus), Tokyo. went on strike onNTovember 23 concermng a pro-posed pian to mcrease tuitionfee for the 196:7 school year Mei]i University has threecampuses at Surugadai, Izumiand Ikuta. Ikuta went onstrike from November 26 The main gate at Izumi Cam-pus was blockaded barrmg thefaculty and allowmg only thestudents on the campus. Students admmistrated theschool, planning their own cur-riculum They held class dis-cussion meetings and lecturesevery day. On the other hand,the authorities announced atemporary closure of schooland make efforts to persuadestudents to stop the blockade. School authorities announcedthe plan to increase tuitionfees for '67, last November.Students opposed the plan andtalked about the problem withschool authoiities seven timessince June of this year. Theycould not find a solution andthus decided to go on strike. Students pointed out theirreasons for t.he strike as fol-lows: School authorities haveno clear ideas about educationand intent to pursue a line ofco-operation with the mdustrialworld by acceptmg the reac-tionary, educational policies ofthe Government, such as theteachers license law and theuniversity establishment law.

University looks upon studentsas mere merchandise rather thanas mere merchandise rather thanas individuals. Increasing thetuition fee furthers this line ofworld Therefore, we opposethe increase of the tuition fee.

lndividual Thought and the

Mission of Our GeneTationV

The Mita Festival was he!d gqily on Mita Campus.

on Pglace

S.J.F. DiseussesLZniversitv Crisis v

The 9th Student InvitationForum entitled, "The Universitym Crisis" was leld as part ofthe Mita Festival through fourdays from November l9 to 22at Mita.

About sixty visitors and Keiostudents discussed the themewith interest. The forum wasmade up of a symposium anda mass meeting and four dis-cussion groups The topicswere the university and socie-ty, college 1ife and awarenessof current problems, studentself-government and activities,and peace movement in student1ife.

The Forum came to the con-clusion that students shouldestabhsh their thou.crhts andtheir mdependence when think-ing about the true meaning ofuniversity. Students who gointo business after graduatinguniversity should hold on totheir idealism despite the factthat society can not accepttheir thoughts easily. The organizing committee ofthe Forum brought up theproblem of establishmg indi-vidual thought m daily 1ife,mcludmg academic activities.The discussions were approach-

for peace of the people of theworld made the Japanese Con-stitution. He also stressed torespect for the United Nations. After the four lecturers hadfinished talkmg, heated debatescentinued between lectures andYoshihisa Kajitani, chairman ofthe symposium pointed out asfollows: we are apt to neglectpeople hving m Okinawa whenwe thought of the security ofwe thought of the secunty of Ja-pan. Okinawa belongs to Japan, Okinawa belongs to Japan,but the people at home forgetthis ]mportant fact. His word moved all the audi-ence thunderous of applaiuse con-tinuing until the end of the sym-

POSIUM. By bringing up this problem,the Mita Festival played a partin nationwide consideration ofthe problem of 1970-the revi-sion of the US-Japan SecurityTreaty.

ed so as to develop a point ofview concerning the theme. On the symposiurn on No-vember l9, five lecturers spokeabout the relationship ofthe university and societyThrou.ah the lecturers' experi-ences, the image of universitywas reflected. University isthe place of learning, of course,and forming the critical spiritin order to deal with the irra-tional, that is to say, the placeof establishing one's individu-ahty.

On Noverv.ber 20, the imageof students was pointed out.The greatest similarity amongstudents is that they will notreveal their thoughts and showno interest in things happeningin society. The number of stu-dents, who could be called, "petitbourgeois" is mcreasmg. This makes the situation des-parate What we, students,should do in such conditions oflack of idealism, confusion mstudent movements and apathyis to recognize the desparatesituation and work to channelthe problems into smallergroupssuch as classes, circles, semi-nars, and thus intensify humanrelazions.

Thus, university studentshould solve the desparate situ-

On November 19, the 9tliMita Festival (a cultural festi-val in Keio University) openedat Mita. From the 19th to the23rd, about llO,OOO peoplevisited the festival.

This Mita Festival was notplanned only to be an amuse-ment, but also to be the start-mg point of new value andthoughts at Keio, the basictheme being: IndividualThought, the Mission of ourGeneration With this consci-ousness, the 237 participatingcirc!es had been studying theirissue during the past halfyear According to the ques-tionaries which was dtstributedamong each seminar and cul-tural circle. And 839o of cir-cles was conscious of thattheme when they studied.

Concerning the theme, twospecial meetings were heldunder the auspices of the or-gamzing committee of MitaFestival. One was an annualspeech meetings under the titleof "The Selection of the Exist-ance of a Turning Point." Theanother was the 9th StudentInvitation Forum under the titleof "The University in Crisis."

In the sixties, we see achronic depression of economicworld the Viet-Nam War sym-bolizing the tension in Asia,the Chinese hard po}icy and soon. And these problems unavoidably lead us toward is-sues m 1970. In view of thesethings, a series ef speech meet-

mgs and symposium wereplanned. It is the mission ofall generatiens in Japan tothink of our security. And itwas with this in rnind that theseries were planned.

"Our Choice in

out that theUS-Japan Securitygreed with thosetution. Heopmion thatan attitudetrality followingtion ratherof the constitution Zengo Ohhirapan needed selfin order to strenghtenpower and toand her securitynomic of Japan.support of therity Treaty despite Shunpei VeyamaJapan shouldarmed neutralityconsltitutlon

peace moreother countryAfter World

!97e.-

principleof the Treaty disa- of the consti- made ciear his

,

Japan should takeof disarmed neu- the constitu-than the revision

told that Ja- defence forces national protect her trade analyzing eco- He expressed US-Japan Secu- its danger. said thatfind a way to dis- because theof Japan wants

than that of any in the world.War II the desire

The EsseRce

The 9th Mita Festival closedon November 23 after five days.The Mita Festival had falleninto mannerism for a few yearsand established the basictheme in order to break downthe mannerism last year. Thebasic theme of this year was"Individual Thought, the Mis-sion of oiur Generation." TheMita Festival could howeverhave promoted less showy ele-ments and foster more aca-demic ones Because of thisshowmess the Mita Festival ofthis year was a disappoint-ment We doubt that KeioStudents came to understand-ing the true spirit of the basictheme. We spent a lot ofenergy in working for the MitaFestival but perhaps it is time

ation and establish their thoughts individually. The Forum intended to dis- cuss fundamental theories but most visitors seemed to hear what they could do tomorrowor at ieast something about the theory of organization. Obvious- ly there was disagreement be- tween the organizers and the visltors.

Visitors, however, should make a geod use of what they acquired through discussing the topics presented. If they don't, such invitation forums become meaningless.

of Mita Festival

to start thinking about the purposes of our efforts. We, students should try to consider the essence of the Mita Festival. The Mita Festi- val may be the place where we should create something indi- viduality lost in the university and also the place of expressing the fruits of our circle activities.

We cannot waste our energy and youth to no purpose when thinking about the true mean- ing of the Mita Festival. Mere pleasure gives us only a memory and does not give something worthwhile. The Mita Festival should have an important theme in the future which would change into an academic and worthy Mita Festival.

,

Page 2 The Mita Campus

eor ISIS De

The political corruption, now creating a social commotion have occuiri-ed when thercis no real conflict between the Government Party and the Opposition. A Marxist maysay that, "The organization of government aims to oppress the proletariat theorically, andhence will be destroyed by the bourgeoisie acoording to Capitalistic theories." Before weadmit that, we must reevaluate present conditions and try to improve them. Divided .roughly this problem arises out of two factors. One, ]is that the presentgovernment itself is not perfectly adopted to the parliamentary system. The other, is8Ilaitn5Il.i}(l{lgnOcPel.e haVe nO self"consciousness worthy of clemocracy and taking an attitude

Think Our Democracy Again The root of this problem is that in Japan ,we are still un- able to establish a modern political party. in the firstplace democracy is significantgovernment system only when

we discuss the benefit of eachindivisual person m parliament,and show it before millions ofpeople. That is to say, wecan't call a system democracywhen there is no each indi-vidual opinion from each M.P.and when the opposition hasnot mueh to say Thereforethe simply decision by themajority could be called mobrule, (democracy without itsessential spirit). The role of apolitical party is to realize themerit of democracy describedabove. The party should be apolitical community in its on-gin where the will of individualin society is united and organ-ized into a general politicalwill. The political mission thatevaluate it to real politics. Atpresent a political party con-trols alliance in relation to theopposition. [[hus the politicalparty is playing an importantrole in Japanese Democracy.'Ihe political party has made agreat progress of representa-tive government system. It isincreasing its power againstthe opposition in order to gainwrde supporters as the worldbecomes public community. In such a party, it is quite

DoR't Betray (1) First of all, we have toexamine the relation betweenthe election and the politicalfaction. Because too muchmoney is spent on the elec-tions, the expences for thecampaign decide that the fate ofthe Dietman, it is said. We neversee such a phenomenon in Ja-pan before the war. This isowing to the increase of voters,and here the election system inJapan becomes a problem.Prime Minister Sato describedthat, by saying, "The moderni-zation of a party begins withclean el'ections without toomuch money bemg spent." In Japan the election, asdescribed in the OMeial Elec-tion Law, is the middle elector-ate system. Moreover, in de-tail, it is the middle elector-ate with the single signatureand unmovement of votessystem. From the viewpoint of rhevoting system, it is a majorcomparative electorate system.That is the one who got themost votes will w!n. This sys-tem has some good points.They are: (a) cornparativelyfair electing is done withoutconcering large and smaljparties. (b) the well-knowncandidate in wide area is aptto win. (c) A fairly completeelection campaign is possible.(d) We can prevent too manycandidates running for theelection in the same district toone another. On the otherhand the bad points, while notas numerous, are of greatersignificance. (a) the strictpolicing of the election cam-paign is very hard. (b) Thefear that the candidates of thesame party will conflict eachother for the same vote. (c) Theconflict of the parties on policy

Scene of taking a vote on proceedings in the Diet. On the left are the ministerialists. The vacant seats orre for the members of the Oppositions. Such an independent action of the government party is part of our daily liie and ref!ects ihe po!itical corruption. (photo by the Ascrhi)

general that those who have a we point out that the corrup-slmllar oplnlon connect ln tlon of government ls rooted lnapplymg the policy and then the imperfect governmentalorganize pressure to attain system, we oEten hear that thetheir policies. But the pressure government in our countrygroups, especially as seen among consists of men's umon, humant.he conservatives, are organized relation nc}t of the union of:and rendered ineffective by the policies This is mfluenced byirrational factors. In our the irrational sentiment rathercountry the party is never than rational political desision.organized for the realization oflsOSICs'eergygn:e,'fu',zdLZ,yi:2?,gdkms,i' TO

thhige Mtwdi Eieclorai D;stricg

Perhaps the first proposalis impossible. shotuld be to change the present in Japan, the electoral form of middle size EspeciallyDietman and the people haVe distincts irLto sma!ler electo"calno political morals at all distncts m order to make elec-'Thus, it is very popular fOr tions cheaper election Underthe candidate to violate the this system, besides economiz-Official Electien Law though it !ng the campaign expenses,is a.vainst the best mtereStS Of voters could generally under-

thepeople. stand the candidates better, If defeat in an election iS tO many minor parties could runmean the end of statesMan'S for election, and runmng would he may not hesi- be checked too many candidates 1ife,political

tate to take any means to Win of the same party for election.in such a situation. Uncarried The new system would work are tolerable, but the to mamtain stability of govern-pledgesmetheds of bribery and feaStS ment by a democratic system.to buy votes as open secretS On the other hand the sys-As an election costs politiCian tem has significant defects in go togetherto that there would be a largemuch money theythe leaders of the:'r party whO number of dead votes, rule bytake care of the money for the Iocal powerful bosses, and dis-election campaign and men Of crepancy between the numbersinfluence who are the sources of gamed votes and those ofof money. And then occarS a the elected Dietmen Consider-phenomenon that a man Of M- ing these merits and defectfiuence of the largest politiCal of the system small electoralgroup among these groUPS districts, is it possible by adopt-makeg himself the prime MiniS- ing this gystem to establishter spending much money on the healthy party po!iucs in Japan

election at present`) First oE all, we reason fOr have to eKarnme this premise (2) The secondthe appearence of faCtiOnaliSM among the confronting parties,is reactionary tendency Of the because only the elected Dietpolitical sense which is sPeCifiC Man would reflect the generalin our politics. Since MeiJi, opinion of the district throughthe politicians who are still his party and the opimons ofsoaked in the feelings of the the other parties are not re-Habatsu-(Sectional) Politics, m- flected at all. In the !ight ofsist on carismatic ruling at the this fact ,what is the presenthead of which is an Ernperor situation in Japan7 Contraryand attached are the pre-mod- to America and England whereern human relations of "Giri" small electoral distr!ct haveand "Ninjo", and are the been adopted and comparative-causes of producmg factions in ly stable government is main-parties. Of courge, this feu- tained under a two-party sys-dalistic, unreasonable mental tem, JaparL has not the samestructure can be seen in any political foundation as men-case, but yet those who control tioned above At present, poli-politics, which should be for tical particLs attack each otherthe public,should never be standing on the different socialpermitted to be 1]ke people at and economic unrecouncilablelarge, but rather, should have platform. Moreover peoplea sense of public responsibility. have so little interest in peliti-

S-pport From where do the members of the Diet who are forcedinto election that costs moneyas mentioned above, get themoney? The very sources arethe pressure groups such asenterprises, the business world,unions, and local grevups.In comparison with England,where organization of theparty itself is connected closelywith the people by people'scontnbuting personally to thepolitics, such a situation can-not exist in Japan at all. Andin the case of Amemca, therate of gathering money ofeach state is anticipated onthe density of populatlon andthe state of purchasing powerby the party and the partyvolunteers gather this socialgatherings and canvassing. Soin other countnes, the politicalmoney does not depend uponthe business world, but uponthe money of the membersof the party and privatecontributions

But in Japan, they are givenfrom the pressure groups inthe way of lawful eontributingand through the unreasonableroutes

Thus politics is done byinfluence of the pressuregroups and not independently.So politicians accept indiscnm-mately only interests of pres-sure groups, especially therequests of the interest groupwhose amount of contributionis the highest From that point,corruption of Japanese politicsoccurs and there is littlechance to turn over the ruinsof government and opposition

lnPolieiesparties have not much power

A pressure group operates on the principle of influence onpolicy in order to attain itsparticular profits. In otherwords, as it exercises somepressure on government lt iscalled a pressure group Whatis the pressure group causedby? In a word, it is thespecialization of occupationswhich is due to the develop-ment of capitalism and theresultmg demands of variouskinds of profits. Furthermoreit is that, in a g, reat democraticmechanigm, people can't expresstheir opimons significantly.And still more we can find thesepolitical parties have a tenden-cy to become bureaucratic andthey lose their origmal ideals.As the result of complicationand expansion of an adminis-trativeorgan, political partieshave become Iarger and larger. Such pressure groups wereorg.oranized to make up for po-litical parties functions. Wecan find them over the world(eg AFL, CIO, AMA, GeneralMotors, etc. in U.SA.). ButJapanese pressure groups arevery different from Europeanand Amencan ones. A term, "pressure group,"was first used in U.SA. afterWorld War I In the post-warperiod, as the result of failureof democracy in some Euro-pean natlons many pressuregroups, which demanded prof-its, were orgamzed earnestly. But in Japan, after WorldWar II pressure groups influ-enced policy for the first time.In post-war Japan all consti-tu"ons and organization be-

cal problern that there isgreat danger that the con-servative party will be electedwithout any particular views.Therefore this system shouldbe adopted, after statesmenand the people have approvedthis policy.

Pwessure Groups It seems that Japanese pres-sure groups pursue only shortsighted advantage which ac-counts tor an unstable govern-ment Pressure groups shouldseek for si.ahted advantages.On the other hand at present,there are no groups lobbyingfor the masses So it is ur-gently necessary to establishhealthy groups which reflectthe demand and profit of com-mon citizens. Such groupswould directly unite the nationand the political partiesthrough policies. This unity ofcourse needs the willingness ofthe people. If they have thedesire to participate politics,they will personally donatemoney to the party, which isthe only healthy way to gainmoney from the citizens Poli-tical parties should canvass togain campaign expense, andnot to beg it from pressuregroups. Polifical Party

Political funds have to beraised by themselves, not byothers' contributions dances orformal part]es are held forcollecting political funds in theUnited States. This certamlyis a good idea. Is't it also agood idea to start some kmdof businessP It is also necessary for theAdministraUon party to makeevery citizen feel that politicsis for him by having many dis-cussions, soapbox oratories andspeeches on their politics andtravellmg over the country. Ifpolitics are discussed active!y

December, a966

k..9"

LVbeM$U s thL t

e

He-elected prime rninister Sato, confronting the political corruption to take the responsibMty. (photo by the Yemiuri)

came democratic. .q.o groupswere organized to demandvarious lqnds of interests. Thepeople should demafind profitsmstead ot the pressure group.But in Japan it is not Iikethat. Pressure groups havenot beco}ne democratic In a case ef Japan, few rep-resentatives of labor unionsJoin in talking over theirproblems together. A specialfeature of Japanese pressuregroups is that they exercisepressure on only the conservatlve party. Pressure groupswould become a feedback sys-tem of democracy. If exercis-ed on both right and ieft wings.But, they tie political partiesand bureaucrats together, and,as a result of that, the cor-ruption of politics occurs. (i.e.group of Kyowa-Seito, suspicionof imported bananas.)

in this way, political affairswi11 go on rationally with aclose relationship between theintellectual and the Adminis-tration party On the otherhand, the Opposition partyshould always look after peo-ple's interests with their eyeson the responsib]Iity to criti-cize the Administration party.After these improvement andtrials, advance into rural areasby the Opposition party is verymuch possible and so are nego-tiation and the reconciliationbetween the two parties at thesecond best policy. However,the most important of all forthe Opposition party is toinamfest the concrete and con-structive plan instead of justoppositing to the Administra-tion party. The political situation now inJapan needs solving not only inregards to the problems of po-litical structure itself, but alsoin the area economic problemswhich are the basis of politics.In other words, the economiclevels in the urban and ruralareas are qduite different andcause the confrontation ofthe partisan and the bureau-crats The different Ievels inthe big business and the smallone are the main cause of thedispute between the Adminis-tration and the Oppositionpartles

Se"f-Consciousness As mentioned above, pohticsin Japan has corrupted becauseof the unsound, irrational struc-ture. All the plans to clearup these problems need astrong will towards reconstruc-tion on the part of the wholepeople of the nation. Nowwhen we turn our eyes to theJapanese people, we can nothelp feeling desperate to seetheir indifference to politicsand irrational way of thinking,and the reality that people are

losing their ability to meditatein this great mass society It is through education saidRousseau, that real democracycan exist. Unfortunatelv socie-ty today is too big an" d com-plicated and also the peopleare so specialized in !nterestthat they know nothmg aboutwhat are not their concern Thus appears the attitude of"Que sera", and the indffer-ence to pohtics. In addition tothose conditiens, there remainsthe influence of the feudral wayof thinking.

These situations are the re-flexions of social circum.stanceswhich are caused by !he un-reasonable take-off of theJapanese society. For example,salary scales m Japan are de-cided not according to occupa-tion but according to ages un-reasonable dicrimination bybusinesses agamst unions isprevalent. Also, in Japantaxes are considered to be con-tributed not to pay. That isbecause it is given to the gov-ernment and never thought cfas an lnvestment. The rottenness of modern-politics appears as the un-reasonability and old fashionednature of the whole society ofJapan and it is we ourselvesthat make it so This is theproblem of the education-sys-tem and the result of Iack ofenlightment in mass-communica-tion. Especially as long asthose who were brought up ac-cording to pre-war educationhold power in society. this de-cay will continue A self-con-sciousness of the peeple does,however arise in the new gen-eration. The youth should notbe merely disappointed at thepresent situation. They shouldcontrive everyday, feeling theresponsibility of those whoshall shoulder the future so-ciety.

December, 1966 The Mita Campus Page 3

The Kabuki PIays

K

e

Kabuki is the traditional theatricaZ perforn2ances in Japan. It uJas completed based on the civil society of the Edo era. So, Kabuki is rull oX Japanese spirits.Before the JleiJ'is era, it is greatly supporied by the nzasses, but recently it Iost itspopularity. In this point, we try to reperceive the essence or Kabuki, beeause wen2ust continue to preserve it as one or Japanese tradition. Let's thiRg of Kabukni.

Klllb"i,t,O:II,O,f.,.K.",b."k,g',.,,rF,/[eU.,s,elagt:,s,(l'coM,n.atgne,tg."'.PcianPg.l'On,'g.ir",o;,2n,Oih,iag,i,Yn'giaSgh,iillaegsttsiaeoY,at,ih,ig

ef the splendid mass' culture of townsfolk of the upper classes days, Zangimmono which likedEdo Now let's thmk about the went to ruin, at this time and Sewamono (comtemporaly lifeprogress of Kabuki- viere replaced by the lower drama), wais presented. TheIzumo no Okuni (The origi- classes in this era This leap custom of lhe actors was new of lÅqabuki) was a result of economic style, but the contents of themater.TiihAt,,`h9.,b.'g,}.""ib",borg.O.fi\I8deg2:h.adn,g,e,sti,,,D.rafim..ai,,Rgadm.aticartPiaAyffeN,as.s,idkf.abS.hki:nSld.,Ye.tpi.y

zreated as humans, emerging In Kamigata (Osaka), Wagoto with a moral purpOSe WhileII2.M,a..d.a;,k,ag,e.,9.n,dP,r,O.g.rf,2,Sl8i,ove,r,'si,oge)•,.a.d7,gi'c.e.d•,kessg;5eg,g9•f.i?,S.Y,afg#,n,C,e.dge.Y,,2Y.,S.ai,

f.lligtd..i,t.ihag.i.g.reat,h.S,OC'aKi.ba."k9 g. :,P.iS.,,g?,rdag..o.toEd(.ru[ITia.n2y,)rotihe,) gge word of iÅqabuki faiied to do

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t!on. Since Kabuki was born, over amusements, Kabuki lost itsNVakashu Kahuki (a Kabuki three hundred years has pas- popularity. Part of the reasonwhieh js played by young boysÅr sed. Among Japanese artistic for this loss of popularity were

WakashuKabukirosetoprom- achievements, Kabuki and Noh changed within Kabuki itself.'inence, as a result of the pro- have continued the longest, but Thus the people of timeshibition of Onna Kabuki. of these two only Kabuki has became interested in other en- The point of Wakashu Ka- grown with the masses. Ka- tertainments which they couldbuki was the actors' personal buki, which was born and understand mere easily. Fur-beauty, and thus dramatic brought up for the masses, ther more, ]Åqabuki became se-beauty and concepts were se- keeps its original form till the parated fromn the tastes of thecondary elements in the play present-day. young, and became to be sup-Wakashu Kabuki had a few But Kabuki of today is Rot ported by aL part of the olddifferences from Onna Kabuki the same Kabuki as Kabuki of educatedclass

While 'SMakashu Kabuki has Edo era which had the suppOrt It is not an exaggeration tosome infiuence on present Kabuki of the masses as a popular art say that Kabuki is still on the de-rcontains a tradition of tricks such form. The only common ele- clme today Before the MeiJi era,as Hou-ka (Japanese traditional ment is that between the Ka- the younger generation enjoyedsong) andKouta(aballaddance.) buki of Edo and that of today Kabuki not because there wasYaro Kabuki (a Kabuki which Kabuki has 1ived in the Japa- no other amusement, but be-is played by adult men) nese heart and has presented cause they found somethiRg When the Tokugawa Shogu- the past to Japanese based on they could sympathize with innate forbade the Wakashu theircultureandhistory the playÅqyoung men) Kabuki, Kabuki There was no pl.ace fOr the But recently in the world of totally adopted the methods of foreign culture in Kabuki• Kabuki the number of youngthe Noh play, which was de- Thus, before the Meiji era fans has increased. The young

veloped in a previous era and Kabuki was the main SOUrCe Of began to be interested m Ka- Shogu- amusement m Japan and both buki which seemed to be thewas supported by thenate. young and old enjoyed Kabuki entertainment of the old The

As a result of this, Kabuki equally Because in the Meiji young seem for the most partmade great developments as a era society changed rapidly, the to be absorbed in western

theatrical media But Kabuki masses were gradually exPOSed style musicals or pop music,r.e 8fii".e,di,i,tS,,S.Pie,,C.iaibietaU.`.Y,a.St`.O.p?,9Ws:I-Il.."pS.eMe("NteSÅq?vfOsrcheoXolf,O.i.kidSObn.gStfi,"d,,S.O,.9"'f.,Wighaet

that time that the Oyama (the Drama), Shingeki (W e S t e r n slight Kabuki boomP female impersonator) appeared Drama), movies, style radiO, probably the greatest cause,onstage. teleViSiOnandSOOn• is the appearance on TV of m the Gen- As a result of the new young Kabuki actors, sons of boomed Kabuki reputable families in the world of Kabuki Or perhaps thei A FaOnRdFC8Rr21GRNE"iNxZiHVAENg2NF"picNgfuiEs reason might be that Kabuki performances are by the young who belong to the same genera- tion as the young intoxicated with musical for the young

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But is there really reason foroptimism? Certainly becauseof television, it is delightfulthat the young Kabuki actorsfans were increased. But dothe young people understandtlie new Kabuki actors truly,or are they only interested inthem as TV stars? The ques-tions will Kabuki find real ac-ceptance among the young Tatsunosuke Onoe, one ofthe young Kabuki actors says,that he thinks it is no goodfor Kabuki actors to appearon television Although theirappearances result !n makmgyoung men and women takean interest in Kabuki actorsConsequently, many of them goto the Kabuki-za. But he regrets that the fansdon't come to see Kabuki butonly see the Kabuki actors asif they were television starsFor example there are manyyoung women who only call atour dressmg reoms and don'tsee Kabuki. So we cannot take delight inthe fact that the young Kabuk]fans are on the increase. Sothe young fans who visit Kabuki only for amusement. Consequently, we don't care thatthere is enly one or two Ieftbecause Kabuki is differentfrom other plays and it cannotchange into any style that thEyoung fans wanL Kabuki must progress withthe public taste but, it mustnot be under the thumb ef thispublic taste. We are underobligation to protect the tradi-tion of our Japanese accom-plishments. It cannot be said that thisboom is good for Kabuki, Itis a crisis for Kabuki tochange its style m accordancewith the passage of time.Popularizating the Kabuki oftoday something that is notwhat it was in the Edo era, isnot modernizmg Kabuki. Of course, so as to protectthe classical arts we cannotafford to overlook the vastmajority. So lt ls important tomodernize Kabuki but m theright way. This modermzation does notmean that Kabuki is popularor does it attam an interna-tional reputation, but onlymeans that we regard accord-ing to our modern tastes thatKabuki is wonderful andunique. So we must realizeits importance and meaningclearly. We must protect Ka-buki and hand it down topostenty. If Kabuki, one ofthe classical arts, is worthy,Japanese hearts would realizeits importance without diM-culties.

In conclusion we should 1iketo say that we, young menand wornen, must consider thereason of existence of Kabukiand then we may come tounderstand the Japanese spirit.

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Kaniancho; one ef Kabuki PIays (TatsunosuEÅqe Onoe)

ww'wayCoNRegeMfewwy.... Prof. Yasaburo Ikeda

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MITSUBISHI BANK CABLE ADDRESS: BANKMITSUBISHiHead Othce: Marunouchi, TokyoBranehes: 168 Throughout JapanLondon Brcmch: 7, Birchin Lane, London, E.C. 3New York Agency: l20 Broadway, New York 5, NY.Zes Angeles Agency: 626 South Sprmg Street Los Angeles 14, Cahfornia

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We heZd an intervtew withProf Il?eda, a scho!ar of Japa-nese classLcs. Durmg our meet-m.o, he was often uiterrupted bymany visitors, though he did notseem to be bothered. We maysay that he is a very energettcman . First of all, he talJ2ed abotttthe undergradttate. "I neverthinle that they are infertor inquality to those of my under-graduate days. It ts true thatthe number of stttdents havegreatly increased And thusly,the difference between under-graduates and non-undergradu-ates has lessened In my uni-versLty days, people could iudgeeasily whether a person wasstudent or not at a glance. Btttnow I cannot make a distincttonbetween them. For example,ShigoJtL (a harsh, dreadfttl pre-war traimng that made once afreshman dte.) must not loe donehy students who are studying inthe tower of ivory, it is nowsaid in the newspapers Next, we asleed about thetendency of Lncreasing numbersof girl students recently in, notonly Keio but other co-education-al untv. He said, `CTo under-stand my thought abottt women,it is the best to read the FuJtnKoron (the magaztne for wom-en) which will be to publishednext Janttary. In that review, Iwrote on the suhiect of `AThorougPz Research on Women'.Basically, however, there are twomain reasons Lhat my insisttngon grtl stLtdents not enteringttniversities. One is that parents}vho lzave a datcghter tend tomake less contrtlottttons In otli-er words, parent attach less t}n-portance to girl stttdents' edttca-tion than that of sons: tiieydon't talee the universtties thattheir daughters go to serioLtsly.And once she .ooes tnto theworld, she soon leaves her u)orleafter two or three years for mar-riage. I thinJe it is regrettable

that she too easily tPzrows avvayher career. I emphasis thatwornen shou!d be independent ofmen. They must forget thatthey are women. In the presentsoctety, women are so consctousof womenhood because thetr re-lease from men was obtained notby thetr own hand but was givenby the men of Japan. But tvven-ty years have past since thewrelease. Nou, women, be in-dependent from menr" Prof.Ikeda, then went on to say thatin order to cultivate their" mindgtrls don't necessarily have to.ao to untverstties. Because thestudy in universities can be alo-tained hy readin.a many booP.sat thetr homes. In case of boys,he thtnks tlzat they come to tuit-versities to get f}tendshtp. Atthe same time, he said that giilsnever can ixaJee as intiinate asboys, for they are self-centred.That zs, they lacked fau'ness,"

He admtres Shinobu Ori.auciti,a famoLts scholar of Japaneseliterature, very much, and tn htsunLverstty days placed great un-portance on hts lectures and at-tended lzts classes without fait

Ftnally Jze added, '`My i!opefor stttdents is to have' mo,ettme to be alone in a day. Iwish you all have tinte to beIeft alene and tl2inl2 over yo"r-self, and to be free fro}n thepressures of habit and conveTutlon.

Page 4 The Mita Campus

"sheeSigaiigsitll:llili",reZ.ki-'(:lcrssmgepag

Honorary President: Prof. Eiichi KiyookaL Adviser: Prof. Mikio Hiramatsu :.diror-in-Chief Y Kanai Managmg Editor T Yoshihara Naruse News Editor Y Ohno Advertizmg Editor T Feature Editor T Kusurnoto Busmess Manager T. Abe Culture Editor T Naruse Circulation Manager C Tomisawa Student Editor M Monsawa SENA OMcer Inoue, Tokumitsul}ePi[ISekraSta T Hosoya J ishibashi, K inoue T Kaneko, T Koyasu,!K]noshita K Kumtome, Y Shibano, H Suzuk!,I,1 Toyokftcwa, J Tokumitsu,C Chiga K Hncgrwarac "i Hikita, iM Kanda, S Masubuchi, H Mochizuki,I l-Nl'ihei Y NiiJiina, K Ohya, S Sawada S Takeuchi, K Yamada gYoits'oyama N Uezumi eFl"]CETHE MITA CAN!PUS, Keio Umversity, Student Hall Room No 33 Mita Sh]ba, Mmato-ku, Japan Mita OMce Tel (453) 0216 the acaaemic year, andTHE MITA CAMPUS is published every month durmggeA]teeimeSenOig.TpgbEiisM,eid'AhePeAih'!oPgoStanreecetshsgriXi?SP.Oe"fiSeicbtiiit`bYeOog'pitnhieonSst"odfe\g,edsi,thO."Si

authomties or any department of the University Single eop!es Price \20Annual subscnption rate V200 (10 copies)

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Japava Rzz Soewgk ecessg Assreee

This year many politcal events Took pla,:e in connect}onw;Th South East Asia- The Sou]h Ear)t Asia l])evelopmentConference (6, April, '66), The Asia and Pacific Ocean Coni". The Set+Ie-(l6, Aprsl, '66), japafi-ROK Treaty (22, Jupe, '65),mtent of lndia and Pakistan problern (IO, January, '66), ThgAssociatlon of South Easf Asia (3, August; '66), The end ofthe struggle betweep lndo-China and Malaysia (11, August, Develop-'66). As well as the above achievements, the Astanment Bank will ooen soon in AAanila.

South East Asidin countries are now starting a fievvmovement towara's some purpose. The obiecT might becalled "beyond Viet Nam". It Is mentioned also by PresidentJo'nnson, ""NVVe are not forgetting Europe, buNt is time forus to pay attention to Asia." The greatest problem in South East Asia is of coJrsethe Viet-Nam War. !t seems that the war is getting worse tggy. ?g ,ds.y. a.nd,.t9,ig,y,e6,r,p,g,o.pg? S': V.8e{i}-N,a.ng,,gizy,,?ot,Rs

U.S. government is so eager to finish the war off and se: dingnearly 400,OOO soldiers but probably in vain. The presi-

johnsondential election wlll be held in 1968 so Presidentmvst do something abou+ the Viet-Nam War by that tltne.He seems to have decided to win by force not 'oy words.

The Viet-Namese weather ls dry in winter ÅqNovernber-March) ancl very wet in summer (AprilOctober). The U.S.forces cannot move very well in rainy season, which meansPresident Johnson has only two chances, this wipter and thenext one. If he faiis, there ls a danger of Nuclear war.

Another great problem is Recl China, which obtained nuclear weapons and ICBM this year. Some European coun-tries as weli as Canada think that it ls not good for Worl dpeace to keep China out of the United Nations but in themean while the United States and japan still stick to thelrold idea.

This Chinese problem ts d}scussed every year hasnot yet come to a conclusion lt is clear that one fourth of

'The world population is isolatecl.

in these Sovth East Asian problems, the U.S.A. isplaying a very ]rriportant roles. US. policy {or South EastAsia can be d:vided in two. One is tle pollcy of anti-•Communism, the other one is a trial for Deace, but now tlh:eformer policy is in the forefront In these comphcatedSouth East Asian matters, it is not incorrect to say that Japanis doing little

japan with her ecenomic force, must do something inThis unstable South East Asia, but vLthat japan is doing nowis To say the sarrne thing as was stated about rhe tJSA. Ofcourse there are some diFterences in opinions between japdnand USA but these in.g.ignificani lt is unnalural for Japan asa Asian country to have a same opinion as USA. Moreover how can Japan agree with the USA policy of war inViet-Nam?

Japan has mafly inierval problems bui nevertheless 3hehas to do sompv things for her followers at least ifi econopay.The japanese government is worrying too rnuch about theliberalization of capital anci keeping out of foreign aHairs

Japan wi[l become aA irrtperialist country if the gcvern-ment continues its pfesent policy. What Japan has to clois to increase public worlÅqs such as highways, hospitals, andschoois, etc , as weH as the amount of socials security. Thispolicy shall increese not only economic welfare but alsocompetitive force towards foreign cap;'tal. Next lo the above Japan shoula; send aicls to developingcountries as much as possible. This aid will help developingcountries and will work for the sake of world peace. Con-cretely Japan must proceed positively at the Asian conferencefor development and Asian development bank. And help the Asian countries to independenT in the truesense of the word.

Exactly ReconsideTDecember, 1966

Student Life

Last December. Mr. Uchiyamcr (Literature Department) went to Viet-Nam (returning inMarch thSs year). One of the motiyes ef this iourney was poSitical whiie the other was emotionat.He hoped to see reaMy in Viet-Nam. But on the ether hand, he alse wanted to fight his way he wantedeut gf the general poweriessness of students. He wished to realize Iife. Therefore.to experience the situation ef death there. These motiyes give us. students something to con-sidier in u generai way. Any college student bears in mates These escapist activi- learn, but now, it may be con- same in the case of sports.mmd powerlessness, and m- ties such as mah-jong playing, sidered to be a bad tendency The student sports as amateurdifference existing in social life, conformity, must be refiect that Gakkenren activities de- sports stand h!gh and are goodpohtical Iife- and industry. upon even m our school days cline and the activities of for both of health and spirit.Despite such conditions stu- Many students always crowd guitar ckibs, folk song groups but it is no good that the stu-dents seem to live comfortably. in pmball parlors and mah-jong and dance parties are on the dents are absorbed m sportsThey seem not to be able to saloons surrounding the um- up. Certainly these activities neglectmg their studies. The}leave. They seem not to try versity, while the hbrary is are the students' pleasures If take the university for a placeto withdraw It seems that we devoid of students except at these things become main of pleasure and sports Thisare content in suchacondition. examination tii e. A certain obJects for them, or if there tendency of students who

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inhisschOOId-aYS• undoubted that people in gen- through graduation from uni- society. The well-used word, Now, we wil! retUrn tO Zhe eral regard the tendency as a versity. He could display his human alienation, still has He simple escape to amusements. abihties in many ways because souce freshness in it.subject of Mr. Uchiyamatried to realize hiS gOaleVen These are the realities of the of the small number of stu- Students tend to be conserv- .at the risk of haVing tO rr-iiSS umversity, the sanctuary of dents on campus and he could ative taking the side the estab-a year at sChOOI, and he. SUC- learnmg, 1iberty, autonomy and enjoy a full student life. On lishments. The individuals feeVceeded He considered MiSSMg the ideology of persuit of the contrary, most of students power!essness, following thea year as the turning Peint Of truth. today only take a short view general trend, and turn tohis life. There are not a few of things and have less of aescape from it. When theythink 1ike he does. It is true its"gatredi StrMdextk and sense of responsibility for the escape from reality, they givel.ha,t,.`dh,e.r,ei,a.fi[fiV!CeSe"erYWhere MassomuCanrnpus i:I:iggi,SO.C.i,eti6bge,C,ad"Se.,O:•.r'MP,.a,n.aAY.Z,i,"gb,,t,hg',r.P.",r,P,?Se,Sf"h

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students degeneration and aPa- Even if the students' mood A man cannot be but ap or Wasfte og Time? thy. It may be the jUStifiCa- m general is in the condition eutsider if he does not have a. we will think about the tion for our lazmess FOr all we have described above, the committment in life. Therealitiesofstudentlife that, we cannOt OVerlOOk the youth are not unified in their Japanese are but onlookersP Every morning many stu- fact of mass-educatiOn• ThiS thoughts. They are a few Does Mr. Uchiyama's attitudedents gather in front of the isournextprobleM• students radical in the political stand for other Japanese whonotice boards In present um- When we exaMine the neW activities, isolated from others are powerless about the Viet- of KeiO in the way of thinking and Nam war despite being againstversities, having considerable students' numbersnumber ef students, the stu- Univ. in 1965, thOUgh the qUO- activities. The Student page of it? The Japanese can commitdent receiveL mformation via rum was 3,625, nearlY dOUble of the Mita Campus has already themselves only in the way of through dealed with the peace move- theJapanese. passedthis notice board. freshmen, 6,276 "No lecture! Well, what the Univ. gates And thiS iS ment demonstrators. It can be An independent person isshan we do"?" "Let's go and the great source Of the MaSS- said that their actions also active in the situation he findplay pinbal] or something." educationprobleM• anse frem the same feeling of hemself. They say that the ratio at powerlessness The politically youth was lost hope. TheyYou can hear such conversa- The student teachertions almost every day. Most Keio Univ. is 28•9 StUdentS Per mmded students deny their neglect the things not directlyof the tirne students thmk in teachers in the literatUre dePt•, powerlessness and try to break related to themselves. But wethat way. It is as if the fact 58.8 in economics, 57•1 in laW, downtheestablishment. are students who are responsi-that there is no lecture means 59.7 in the commerCial dePt•, We have seen political in- bleforsociety.for the students only spare 163 for engineering, and 1•8 difference among students from It goes without saying thatzime for amusements. If he is for medical dept• In 396 leCM Mr. Uchiyama's statements and it is regrettable if responsible;in a circle-activity ,he can go tures, which are giVen at Mita, the actions of the minority ,the youth lose their ideals of inde-and have a good time talking 209 are in exceSS Of the nUM- extremely political students pendence and are driven towith friends in the circle-room ber of students to be adMitted• differed from others It is said conformity. We can live asEven if however he can meet There are 82 leCtUreS M that the people of today's so- geod organizers of society onlyhis fellows ln the circle-room, which the surplus StUdentS are ciety generally tend to be non- when we 1ive as worthwhilethey soon go to a mah-jong more than 200, 28 exceed MOre political and confine themselves beings.saloon The tendency of stu- than 500 and there are 7 with

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dents to escapist activities more than l,eOO surplus.must be taken up as the first For instance, about 2,500pomt students chose to take the To explain the reason why lecture on movies and playsstudents are absorbed in which is given by the hteratureamusements, it is said that dept but the seatmg capasitystudents take advantage of the of that class is 600. So, it isbad sides of university life. natural that stuclents onlyThese bad aspects are that come in contact with their pro-present universities admit so fessors by microphones andmany students to enter that blackboards under these cir-students cannot even see the cumstances.faces of their professors in the As the third problem, let'sclassrooms and therefore have think about the inactivity ofonly a dry-as-dust campus life Gakkenren (Academic Studyin which student cannot keep League) The duty of the stu-m contact with their class- dent is originally to study and

WANWEffb moST FArvEgLYThe lnternationai Center of Keio University Ts asking

for }-IOST FAMILIES to accept the foreign students cf

Keio University. The conditions are a low reni Gncl

good surroundlngs.

If you have understanding for the internationalfriendship, ple..ase telephone to the follow:ng ofF]ice.

Office of the Entexna'iional CenSer 2-2 AVtita, Shiica, MinaTe-ku, Tekyo.

ÅqTeg.} 453-2128

CompSefe Foreign Exchange Banking Facilities

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Head OMce: Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanBranehes: 211 throughout JapanOverseas Odices: Lendon, New York and DUsseldorf and Calcutta

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