Name ____________________________________________________Date_______________ per____

Classification Notes Outline

Binomial Nomenclature -

The first part of the name is ______________. The second part of the name is ______________.

EX – “Homo” is the ______________, “sapiens” is the ______________.

The 5 Rules of Nomenclature:

1. The ______________ is a noun and is ______________

2. The ______________ is an adjective and is ______________

3. If writing by hand ______________ each word ______________

4. If typing the name ______________ it

5. If used repeatedly first write it fully out, then you can ______________ the Genus (Ex. H. sapiens)

Hierarchical System is

D__________, K_________, P___________, C___________, O___________, F__________, G__________, S__________

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is the study of _________________

_______________________ among organisms.

When a lineage splits (speciation), it is represented as branching on a phylogeny. When a speciation event occurs, a

single ancestral lineage gives rise to two or more daughter lineages

Cladogram

Diagram used to

REMEMBER: Viruses – NONLIVING

Cell Type: NONE because _______________________ Cell wall: Not a cell just a ________________ Body Type: N/A Nutrition: N/A Reproduction: Replication requiring a host cell Examples: influenza and HIV and Ebola

Lytic Cycle – virus enters, makes copies, and then causes cell to burst (Ex. )Lysogenic Cycle – virus integrates DNA into host DNA and stays dormant replicating; later going into lytic cycle (ex. )

6 KINGDOMS

Bacteria (Archae and Eubacteria)

How are bacteria classified?

1. 2. 3.

Cell Shape

coccus (cocci)- bacillus (bacilli)- spirilli -

Cell Wall

a. Gram positive ______________ the dye and looks ______________

• These bacteria have a single cell wall layer made of ______________. (strep/staph)

b. Gram negative ______________ the dye (has a ______________) and look ______________

• Gram negative bacteria are usually more resistant to ______________ (like penicillin) and cause more

severe infections.(menengitis/gonorrhorea)

How They Use Energy

Bacteria have various relationships with oxygen. Some require it to live, others die if exposed to it.

◦ ______________________- these bacteria require ___________ (ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

◦ ___________________- these bacteria live in the ___________ of oxygen. (Ex. Clostridium botulinum)

◦ ___________________- They dont require _________ to survive, but aren’t killed by it. (ex. E. coli)

CHART – FILL IN ARCHAEBACTERIA & EUBACTERIA

Bacteria are BOTH helpful and harmful:

Diseases Caused by Bacteria:

Protista Kingdom

CHART –FILL IN THE PROTIST

How Protists Move!!

Flagella -

Cilia -

Pseudopod -

Diseases associated with Animal- like protists:

Plant-Like Protists

Can be unicellular and/or __________________________

Some Examples good and Bad:

Fungus-Like Protists (cellular slime mold, Acellular slime mold, water mold)

UNLIKE true fungi because:____________________________________________________________

Caused what disease in crops:

Fungi Kingdom

GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE FUNGI COLUMN

Once the ____________ enter the insect's body, they ____________

rapidly and ____________ body tissues

____________ Effects of ____________

1. Plant Diseases From Fungi

Corn Smut-

Mildews-

Factors that ____________ fungal growth = ________________________

2. Fungi will ________________________.

3. Fungi cause ________________________:

(Athlete's Foot, Ring Worm, Yeast Infections)

____________ effects for Humans

1. Penicillin mold :

2. Some are ____________:

3. Used in food _________________ :

–

Fungi are also ____________ to the ____________!

1. Fungi are ________________ ,

2. Lichen – has a ____________ relationship (____________)

Fungus + Algae.

- Fungus gets

-The algae get

3. Mycorrhizae – a ____________relationship (mutualistic)

Fungus + Plant roots.

Fungal hyphae extend into the _______and _______, helping the plant ____________ nutrients.

Plant provides the fungi with

Plantae Kingdom

GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE PLANTAE COLUMN

Animalia Kingdom

GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE ANIMALIA COLUMN

Asymmetry means: __________________________

Radial symmetry means: ___________________________________

Bilateral symmetry means: ________________________________

Body Plan: Coelom is a fluid filled body cavity that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.

INVERTEBRATES – animals with NO __________________ or vertebral column.

____________________: asymmetry & acoelomate

____________________: bilateral (flatworms = acoelomate) (Roundworms = pseudocoelom) (Segmented = true coelom)

______________________: radial & acoelomate

____________________: bilateral & true coelom (Gastropods =___________) (Bivalves = ____________)

( Cephalalopods = headfoot/tentacles)

____________________: bilateral (Crustaceans=2 body segments) (Spiders=2 body segments) (Insects=3 body segments)

____________________: radial & coelom

CHORDATES

Four structural characteristics set chordates apart from all other phyla:

◦ ◦ ____________ (provides support (it acts like our backbone) and increases swimming efficiency)◦ ________________________ (respiratory structures)◦ ____________ (follow the anus with a tail of variable length -again, an adaptation for locomotion).

Important Vocab.

◦ Ectotherm –

◦ Endotherm –

Class Agnathans (________________________)

Examples:

Skeleton Type:

Heart

Temperature control:

Respiration:

Class Chondrichthyes (________________________)

Examples:

Skeleton Type:

Heart:

Temperature control:

Respiration:

Class Osteictheys (________________________)

Examples:

Skeleton Type:

Heart:

Temperature control:

Respiration:

Class Amphibia = “__________________”

Examples:

Heart:

Temperature control:

Respiration:

Class Reptilia

Examples:

Heart:

Temperature control:

Respiration: lungs

Class Aves (___________)

Examples:

Heart:

Temperature control:

Respiration: lungs

Class Mammalia

Examples:

Heart:

Temperature control:

Respiration: lungs

Mammalia Reproduction Diversity

Monotreme –

◦

Marsupial –

◦

Placental –