The European Renaissance and Reformation

1300-1600

Renaissance

• The “rebirth” of classical learning, art, writing and an intellectual rediscovery of Ancient Rome and Greece.

TURBULENT YEARS The Ending of Ages,

Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

1300-mid 1400

The Age of Faith—

• during The Middle Ages—time where the church was seen as head, not questioned and obeyed

• Seen as a social regression (compared to Greek and Roman cultures)

• People started to distrust the church, leading to the decline of the Age of Faith

The Age of Chivalry—

• Chivalry—behavior/warrior code use by knights (individual training and service to others)

• Now: Seen as “courtly love,” virtue, honor

Ending of the Age of Faith

• Pope Boniface VIII disobeyed by King Philip IV of France

• First open rejection of papal spiritual dominance

• Pope Boniface captured by French before finalizing a new papal bull

The Death of Pope Boniface

VIII

Avignon

• Clement V– 1305--French

archbishop appointed pope under Philip IV’s urging

– Papacy moved to Avignon

The Great Schism

• Caused people to distrust the church• Caused by the return of the papacy to Rome

and the pope’s death (Gregory XI)• The Romans wanted a Roman pope, so the

Cardinals elected a man with no French ties—Urban VI—Quick regret

The Great Schism

• Cardinals retreated to Anagni and elected Clement VII, reestablishing Avignon as the papal court

• antipope

The Great Schism

• Diplomatic problem not just religious• Avignon: Rome:France, Scotland, England, Denmark,Burgundy Holy Roman Empire

• The Council of Constance – 1414– Finally ended the Schism– Resignation of popes, election of Pope Martin V

The Bubonic Plague—1300s • Bubo-swollen,

inflamed lymph node in the armpit, groin or neck

The Hundred Years’ War

• Series of wars ranging from 1337 to 1453 between France and England

• Chivalry—still in play, looked down on common foot soldiers

The Longbow

• Battle of Crécy- *• Battle of Poitiers• Battle of Agincourt– All three battles: English introduced the longbow

and slaughtered the French– Knights could not stand against the longbow

• Laid groundwork for the end of chivalric warfare.

This is a random guy…I do not know him.

Joan of Arc

• Helped France win the Hundred Years’ War

• Helped Charles VII to victory and kingship

• She as captured by the English, and not defended by Charles.

• She was burned at the stake.

End of the War—1453

• Nationalism• France power increased• England—War of the Roses– End with Henry Tudor becoming king– Tudor reign for 117 years

• Religious devotion and chivalry drawn to close (knights deemed obsolete and changed medieval society)

• End of Age of Faith and Age of Chivalry

The Crusades

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgVDGdexXvY&list=PL54B03B391D3502E3&index=11&feature=plpp_video--TURNING POINT—CRUSADES

• Impact on Renaissance-– Opened them up to Middle Eastern culture,

religion, and technology– Failure—Made the church look bad and unreliable

FEUDALISM

• Feudalism-was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries, which was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor

Feudalism• King- monarch over a country, top of feudal pyramid• Nobles-rank that possesses privileges, or eminence, and

certain rights not granted to members of other classes in a society, such as commoners

• Knights (vassal)-A medieval tenant giving military service as a mounted man-at-arms to a feudal landholder.

• Peasants/Serfs-A member of the lowest feudal class, attached to the land owned by a lord and required to perform labor in return for certain legal or customary rights.

• Vassal: person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch

The Ending of Feudalism

MONARCHMs Bagley

Superintendent

NOBLESGreater

Mr Adair, PrincipalLesser

Ms Jones, Ms Mitchell, Mr Sams Assistant Principals

KNIGHT (vassal)Ms Boring

Social Studies Teacher

PEASANTS/SERF

YouThe Students

Serfs:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esZm74Qo-qk

The Decline of Feudalism

• Due to plague—money now source of exchange, not just land

• Less people alive, more jobs available and people were capable of moving up social classes

• Feudal armies could not stand against new technology

• Decline of church’s power