the industrial revolution
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The Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution Begins in England. In the 1700s, the I.R. began in England Agricultural Revolution spurred industrialization. Enclosure Movement Industrialization -process of developing machine production of goods. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution Begins in England
• In the 1700s, the I.R. began in England
• Agricultural Revolution spurred industrialization.– Enclosure Movement
• Industrialization-process of developing machine production of goods.
• England had the 3 Factors of Production:– Land (resources, land,
waterways)– Labor (workers)– Capital (wealth)
New Inventions• A population boom
caused people to invent new technology.
• More food and cloth needed to be produced faster and easier.
• Inventions:– Seed Drill, Cotton Gin,
Steam Engine, Water Frame, telephone
– Railroads-made transportation cheap and quick, provided new jobs
Urbanization• Cities in the 1800s began to
grow• Urbanization-more people
started to move to the cities• Worked in factories-first near
rivers, then fueled by coal-mass produced goods
• Factory owners wanted to make as much profit as possible
• Businessmen, merchants, factory owners created a wealthy middle class
• Working and living conditions were not good
• This would lead to social class tensions and the rise of Socialism
The Rise of Socialism• Capitalism spurred the Industrial
Revolution• Capitalism
– Economic System– Factors of Production privately
owned– Businesses want profit– Government interferes very little
• Socialism developed in the mid 1800s from French reformer Charles Fourier:– Factors of Production are publicly
owned– Operate for the welfare of all
according to people’s needs– Government should plan economy– End poverty and promote equality,
protect workers
Marxism/Communism
• A German named Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels developed a radical form of Socialism in 1848.
• The Communist Manifesto described how it would work.
• Social Class War:– Middle Class (Bourgeoisie) v.
Working Class (Proletariat)• Workers would revolt around the
world against the Bourgeoisie• Workers then would share the
profits equally for all people• Government would whither away• A classless society would develop
(Communism)• No private property, all goods
shared equally by the people
Industrialization Fuels Nationalism• Industrialization gave many
countries increased wealth, technology, and confidence.
• It caused these countries to unite politically into nation-states.
• Nationalism-loyalty to a people, not a king.
• Italy (1870): Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi help unite it.
• Germany (1871): Otto von Bismarck, Prime Minister of Prussia, helped unify it.– Used Realpolitik to unify
Industrialization Fuels Imperialism (Late 1800s-Early 1900s)
• Industrialization gave many countries wealth and power.
• European countries began to feel superior to others.
• Imperialism-Stronger countries seek to dominate weaker ones.
• They also needed raw materials and resources from Africa and Asia to fuel industrialization.
• The Berlin Conference (1884-1885)-European countries met to decide how to divide up Africa amongst themselves.
Imperialism in Africa• David Livingstone-explored
Africa’s interior opening the door for others.
• By the early 1900s, Europeans dominated Africa
• Social Darwinism-those societies that are fittest will have the most wealth and success.
• Cecil Rhodes, a British diamond businessman, supported this in South Africa.
• The British also took control of the Suez Canal to gain fast passage to its colonies.
British Imperialism in India
• Britain controlled India economically through the East India Company.
• India had to buy British goods and produce raw materials for them (tea, cotton, indigo).
• The British army in India included Sepoys, or Indian soldiers.
• The Sepoy Mutiny (1857): Sepoys found out that their rifle cartridges were greased with beef and pork fat.
• Sepoys rebelled, fighting the British for over a year before being defeated.
• Britain took full control over India after this.
Imperialism in China• Many countries wanted to
control China economically.• The British started trading
Opium in the early 1800s.• Opium War (1839-1842)-
Chinese were defeated by British.
• Spheres of Influence were set up; areas of economic control.
• Open Door Policy-created by Americans that stated that China must remain open to all foreign trade in all ports.
• The Boxer Rebellion (1900)-Chinese rebelled against foreign influence
The Meiji Era in Japan (1867-1912)• Japan’s ports had been closed for
centuries under the Tokugawa Shoguns.
• In 1853, American war ships were led by Commodore Matthew Perry into Tokyo’s harbor.
• Japan was forced to open its ports to foreign trade.
• In 1867, the Shogun stepped down and the Meiji Emperor took over.
• Meiji industrialized and modernized Japan
• Japan became an imperial power taking over Korea and parts of China.
American Imperialism• Like European countries, the U.S.
looked to obtain colonies in Asia for resources.
• Spanish-American War (1898): The U.S. freed Cuba and acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
• White Man’s Burden-idea that it was America/Europe’s responsibility to civilize and develop inferior nations.
• Filipino-American War (1899-1902)-Filipino nationalists fought American control.
• Hawaii was annexed by the U.S. in 1898.
• The Panama Canal-President Teddy Roosevelt had America build a canal that linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in 1904.