the industrial revolution
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The Industrial Revolution. 1. Factors of Success in Great Britain. Exploration and Colonization Had many colonies that produced many raw goods Colonies were also markets to sell manufactured goods Sea Power Had the largest naval and merchant fleet in the world. c. Political Stability - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1. Factors of Success in Great Britain
a. Exploration and Colonizationi. Had many colonies that produced many
raw goodsii. Colonies were also markets to sell
manufactured goodsb. Sea Power
i. Had the largest naval and merchant fleet in the world
c. Political Stabilityi. Had peace and stability within the mother
countryd. Government Support
ii. Government passed laws that favored business
e. Growth of private investmentiii. Private sector funded experiments for
creating new technology
2. Agricultural Factorsa. Jethro Tull
i. Invented the seed drill machine
ii. Had positive and negative effects on agriculture
b. Positivei. Farmers improved livestock breeding
methods to raise healthier animalsii. Better varieties of food crops were
developediii. Improvements increased Britain’s food
supplyiv. Increased Britain’s population
c. Negativei. Enclosure movement
1. Wealthy landowners bought more farms that had been shared by the rich and poor
2. They will combine the fields and fence them in
3. Allows for more efficient farming methods4. Drawbacks
a. It forced countless farmers off the landb. Forced people to move to the cities to look for
work
3. Factors of Productiona. Land
i. All of a nation’s natural resources
ii. Water was the most important resource for Great Britain
b. Labori. Great Britain
had a growing population
ii. Displaced farmers would make up a large portion of new factory workers
c. Capitali. Funds that were
necessary for the Industrial Revolution
ii. “human capital”1. People with
abilities and skills necessary for the Industrial Revolution
4. A Revolution in Textilesa. The Cottage
Systemi. Prior to the
Industrial Revolution
ii. System where weaving was done in the home
b. Changes in Textilesi. Eli Whitney
1. Solved problem of pulling seeds from cotton blossoms
2. Invented the cotton gin
5. The Steam Effecta. James Watt
i. Improved the steam engine
ii. His machine was faster and more efficient at driving the machines
c. Robert Fultoni. Used steam to
power shipsii. Began shipping
business that would run between Albany and NYC
iii. 1st profitable use of steam navigation
d. Effects of Steami. Would be used in textile industryii. Steam will fuel the coal industryiii. Areas of farm land will become centers
for coal mines and factories
6. Factoriesa. Working Conditions
i. Children began working in factories1. Some as young as 62. Paid very little3. Asked to d the more dangerous jobs
because they were small and could fit in tight places
ii. The work day was long1. 12hrs or more a day
iii. Poor ventilation, sanitation, and inadequate food
iv. Most workers were men
b. Labor Unionsi. Formed because of working conditionsii. Represented workers interestsiii. Would urge employers to change or
threatened a strike
c. Mass Productioni. A system of manufacturing large numbers
of identical itemsii. Interchangeable parts
1. Identical machine made partsiii. Assembly line
1. Process where product moves from worker to worker and each performs a step in the manufacturing process
7. Capitalism and Competitiona. Laissez-faire
i. Adam Smith1. Wrote “The Wealth of
Nations”2. Advocate of Laissez-faire
a. Means, government should not interfere with business
3. Believed everyone benefited from the lack of government interference
4. This is called a market economy
a. Allows business to compete with one another
b. Thomas Malthusi. Concerned with
population growth
ii. Believed that population would always grow faster than the food supply
8. New Roles for Business Leaders
a. Entrepreneuri. Someone who
starts a business
ii. Emergence will take some political power away from the wealthy landowner
b. Famous Entrepreneurs from Americai. Andrew
Carnegie1. Led in the steel
industry2. Huge
philanthropist
9. Competing Economic Viewsa. Robert Owen
i. Socialism1. Believed that
government or society, not individuals, should own property and control industry
b. Karl Marxi. Wrote “Das
Kapital”1. Believed
workers would sink into poverty as capitalism grew
2. Working class will or would take control and govern themselves
3. Argued that capitalism would collapse
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