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The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

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It was a war over Catholic-Protestant Issues

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Page 1: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

Page 2: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between

the different states who had religious differences.

Page 3: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

It was a war over Catholic-Protestant Issues

Page 4: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

And it was a war between the Hapsburg empire and the

various German states

Page 5: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Various countries from outside the region interfered or actively fought in the war.

Millions died in this war.

Page 6: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

France supported the Protestant states in order to keep Germany weak, disunited, and weaken the

Hapsburg Empire

Page 7: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Sweden and Denmark fought to support the Protestant cause and

to test their armies.

Page 8: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Mercenaries from all over Europe joined the different

stages of the War.

Page 9: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

The result was wide spread devastation and destruction—the most destructive war prior to the

Napoleonic Wars.

Page 10: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

The war begins with the Defenestration of Prague, a very

famous story! (1618)

Page 11: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

The two Catholic emissaries were thrown out the window, when the

Bohemian Protestants questioned their motives.

They land in a manure pile

Page 12: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Phase #1 (Bohemian Phase)The new

Holy Roman

Emperor, Ferdinand, moves on Bohemia to restore order and authority.

He is a devout

Catholic.

Page 13: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Bohemia looks for help from the Protestant

Elector Frederick V to defend their

cause. Frederick will be up against the emperor, Ferdinand.

Page 14: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Frederick leaves his home in the Palatine (Rhineland) to help defend Bohemia!

Page 15: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Frederick was married to Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I of

England.

Page 16: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Frederick will flee after his defeat by the forces of Catholic Bavaria. He will be known as the Winter King for his short time in power, and his wife will

be known as the Winter Queen.

Page 17: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

After the defeat of Bohemia, Ferdinand re-enforces his empire

with Spanish troops. The Spaniards flood into the Catholic

German States.

Page 18: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences
Page 19: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Stage 2: The Danish Phase (1625-1629)

• Ferdinand is elected as Holy Roman Emperor again.

• He confiscates the lands of the Bohemian nobles who had joined Frederick’s cause

• Jesuits stream into Bohemia to re-convert the Protestants

Page 20: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

The Protestant Cause will now be taken up by the King of Denmark,

Christian, in 1625. It has now been seven years since the war

began.• He enters the

fight with little aid from the Protestant leaders of England and Holland

Page 21: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences
Page 22: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Ferdinand, a Catholic,

appoints a new army to

counteract the Danish threat.

He appoints Albert of

Wallenstein known as

“Wallenstein.”

Page 23: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Wallenstein, a former Protestant, recruits and develops a

professional army—answerable to him, only. He quickly defeats the

Danish in 1629.

Page 24: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

After the Danes are defeated, an Edict of Restitution (1629) is declared. This means that all church territories, that were

allowed to be Protestant under the Peace of Augsburg (1553)

are now Catholic again.

Page 25: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Phase 3: The Swedish Phase (1630-1635)

• After the Danish Defeat, the Catholics swarm over protestant Germany.

• The Augsburg peace is ignored

• It seems as if the Reformation will be undone.

Page 26: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Enter Gustavus Adolphus. . .• Gustavus

Adolphus was king of Sweden

• He was busy fighting Poland

• Cardinal Richelieu lures Adolphus into taking up the Protestant cause.

Page 27: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Gustavus is busyFighting the Poles, butRichelieu persuades himTo take up the Protestant Cause. He does.Richelieu

sends money to Sweden

Page 28: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Hence, Richelieu of Catholic France aids Protestants against

the Catholic Holy Roman Empire

Page 29: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Richelieu, you are the consummate backstabber…

Why thank you, but you see, I can get others to fight my wars for me, while I continue to strengthen France.

Page 30: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Gustavus Adolphus leaves his fighting in Poland and now takes

the Leadership against the Catholics

Page 31: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Who was Gustavus Adolphus?

• He was a brilliant leader

• He was courageous

• He organized the most modern army of its time

Page 32: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Under his leadership, Sweden wins victories.

Sadly, Adolphus is killed at the battle of Lutzen in 1632.

Page 33: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Gustavus

Adolphus

remains a great

historical figure and a

Swedish National

Hero.

Page 34: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

After the Gustavus’ death, this phase weakens

• Wallenstein himself refuses to fight the Swedes because he is furious about the Spanish troops in Germany.

• He actually enters into secret talks with the Protestants.

• Wallenstein is a loose cannon, and his army will attack anyone he wants.

Page 35: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Wallenstein is assassinated by one of his own men.

Page 36: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

#4 Swedish-Franco PhaseWhen France joins, the Spanish

retaliate! They sweep down from the Spanish Netherlands

and attack France!

Page 37: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

When the Spanish attack, France moves toward Spain!

French troops move into Catalonia spreading

devastation--

Spanish Troops attack France from the Spanish Netherlands

France retaliates by attacking Catalonia, Spain

Page 38: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Germans view all this interference from Spain,

Sweden, France, and think: Get Out!

Page 39: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Treaty of Westphalia• This becomes a huge peace

conference• The church (pope) is not

involved, nor does the pope sign the treaties

• Calvinism is added to the mix: now there is Lutheranism, Catholicism, and Calvinism

• HRE is dissolved!• Nullified Edict of Restitution

Page 40: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences
Page 41: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

The Holy Roman Empire dissolves

Page 42: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

States of Germany now have stronger individual rights:

Germany remains weak and divided.

Page 43: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Germany was physically devastated

Page 44: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Between 3-7 million died in the Thirty Years War

Page 45: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

England, Holland, and France will take the lead in European

trade, culture and politics

Page 46: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

Germany’s

separate states will

hinder trade and progress for many years. It will not

fully unite until 1870.

Page 47: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the different states who had religious differences

And Adolph Hitler himself will refer to foreign interference

as a festering sore in his seminal work, Mein Kampf

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fpp.co.uk/pictures/hitler.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.fpp.co.uk/Hitler/docs/Testament/byGenoud.html&h=228&w=180&sz=12&tbnid=zkKQyINfMHQJ:&tbnh=103&tbnw=81&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images?q=hitler+thirty+years+war&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&safe=active&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2004-11,GGLD:en&sa=N

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