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The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

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Page 1: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

Page 2: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different

states who had religious differences.

Page 3: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

It was a war over Catholic-Protestant Issues

Page 4: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

And it was a war b/w the Hapsburg empire & various

German states

Page 5: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Various countries from outside the region interfered or actively fought in the war.

Millions died in this war.

Page 6: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

France supported Protestant states in order to keep Germany weak,

disunited, & weaken the Hapsburg Empire

Page 7: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Sweden & Denmark fought to support the Protestant cause & to

test their armies.

Page 8: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Mercenaries from all over Europe joined the different

stages of the War.

Page 9: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Result: wide spread devastation & destruction — most destructive

war prior to the Napoleonic Wars.

Page 10: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

War begins with w/Defenestration of Prague, a very famous story!

(1618)

Page 11: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

The two Catholic emissaries thrown out a window, when

Bohemian Protestants questioned their motives.

They land in a manure pile

Page 12: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Defenester: To throw out window

• First Defenestration occurred when supporters of martyred Jan Huss threw out members of the council onto barbed pikes below. Several were killed. (1417)

Page 13: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

New HRE, Ferdinand, moves on Bohemia to restore order &

authority. He’s:

devout Catholic.

Page 14: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences
Page 15: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Bohemia looks for help from the Protestant

Elector Frederick V to defend their

cause. Frederick will be up against the emperor, Ferdinand.

Page 16: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Frederick was married to Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I of

England.

Page 17: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

After defeat of Bohemia, Ferdinand re-enforces empire w/Spanish

troops. Spaniards flood into the Catholic German States.

Page 18: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences
Page 19: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Stage 2: The Danish Phase (1625-1629)

• Ferdinand is elected as HRE again.• confiscates the lands of the

Bohemian nobles who joined Frederick’s cause

• Jesuits stream into Bohemia to re-convert the Protestants

Page 20: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Ferdinand, a Catholic,

appoints a new army to

counteract the Danish threat.

He appoints Albert of

Wallenstein known as

“Wallenstein.”

Page 21: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Wallenstein, a former Protestant, recruits and develops a

professional army—answerable to him, only. Quickly defeats the

Danish in 1629.

Page 22: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

After the Danes are defeated, an Edict of Restitution (1629) is declared. This means that all church territories, that were

allowed to be Protestant under the Peace of Augsburg (1553)

are now Catholic again.

Page 23: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Phase 3: The Swedish Phase (1630 - 1635)

• After the Danish Defeat, the Catholics swarm over protestant Germany.

• The Augsburg peace is ignored• It seems as if the Reformation

will be undone.

Page 24: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Gustavus Adolphus• King of Sweden• Cardinal Richelieu lures Adolphus into taking

up the Protestant cause.• A brilliant leader• Courageous• Organized most modern army of its time

Page 25: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Gustavus is busyFighting the Poles, butRichelieu persuades himTo take up the Protestant Cause. He does.Richelieu

sends $$$$ to Sweden

Page 26: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Hence, Richelieu of Catholic France aids Protestants against

the Catholic Holy Roman Empire

Page 27: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Richelieu, you are the consummate backstabber…

I am, but you see, I can get others to fight my wars for me, while I continue to strengthen Fr.

Page 28: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Gustavus Adolphus takes the Leadership against the Catholics

Page 29: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Under his leadership, Sweden wins victories.

Sadly, Adolphus is killed at the battle of Lutzen in 1632.

Page 30: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Wallenstein assassinated by his own men.

Page 31: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

The Swedish French Phase, 1635-1648

• This time, Richelieu clearly on side of the Protestants & supports Swedes.

• France joins Protestant cause.

Page 32: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

When Spanish attack =France moves toward Spain!

Spanish Troops attack from France from the Spanish Netherlands

France retaliates by attacking Catalonia, Spain

Page 33: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Germans view all interference from Spain, Sweden, France, &

think: Get Out!

Page 34: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Peace talks begin in Westphalia

• Huge peace conference• The church (pope) is not

involved, nor does the pope sign the treaties

• Calvinism added to mix: now ------Lutheranism, Catholicism, & Calvinism

Page 35: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences
Page 36: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

The Holy Roman Empire dissolves

Page 37: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

German states now have stronger individual rights: Germany remains weak &

divided.

Page 38: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Germany was physically devastated

Page 39: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Between 3-7 mil died in the Thirty Years War

Page 40: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Eng, Holland, and Fr take the lead in European trade, culture

& politics

Page 41: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

Germany’s

separate states will

hinder trade and progress for many years.

Not fully unite until

1870.

Page 42: The Thirty Years War 1618-1648. The Thirty Years War is complex. Main conflict b/w the different states who had religious differences

And Adolph Hitler himself will refer to foreign interference

as a festering sore in his seminal work, Mein Kampf

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fpp.co.uk/pictures/hitler.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.fpp.co.uk/Hitler/docs/Testament/byGenoud.html&h=228&w=180&sz=12&tbnid=zkKQyINfMHQJ:&tbnh=103&tbnw=81&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhitler%2Bthirty%2Byears%2Bwar%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2004-11,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN

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