the ukrainian weekly 1982-41

8/14/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1982-41

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by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association!

r a i n i a n W e e k l VV o i L N o . 4 i i THE UKRA INIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1982 25 centsV o l o d y m y r A n d r u s h k o ,v e t e r a n d i s s i d e n tg e t s 1 0 - y e a r s e n te n c e

LONDON - Volodymyr Andrushko,a Uk ra in i an pa t r io t who had beenimprisoned in the 1960s on charges of"anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda,"was sentenced by a Ternopil OblastCour t to a 10-year term for "ant i -Soviet" activity.

News of the trial recently reached theWest and was reported by the Ukrainian C entral Information Service headquartered here.Mr. Andrushko, a native of Sad-zhavka in the Ivano-Frankivske region,was a marine engineer.During the 1960s, he was arrested foranti-Soviet agitprop and received a ftve-year term that he served in Mordovianpr i son camps a long wi th Ukra in i anl awyer Lev Lukianenko and o thernat ional ly conscious Ukra in i ans r epressed during the 1960s.Af t er h is r e l ease Mr . And rush koworked as an instructor of the Ukrainian language in the Ternopil region,but he was constantly harassed by theK G B .His friends and acquaintances werecontinually warned to keep away fromhim, and as a result, Mr. Andrushkooften had difficulties finding an apartment in which to live.The Ukrainian Central InformationService reported that he was finally

arrested after years of harassment andsentenced without cause to 10 years'imprisonment.

600 attend women's conferenceby G eorge B . Zarycky

K ERH ONK SON , N.Y. - Over 600women from across the United Statesand Canada converged on the Soyu-zivka resort here during the October 2-3weekend for the "Ukrainian Woman inTwo Worlds" conference.The conclave , sponsored by theUkrainian National Women's Leagueof America, was billed by organizers asa conference to explore the vital issuesfacing the new generation of Ukrainianwomen in North America.Although organizers were anticipating a large turnout , wi th some 375women pre-registered, the unexpectedlylarge number of interested participantsand the orderliness of the proceedingscame as a pleasant surprise to bothconference officials and guests."The pu rpose of this conference is to.increase an awareness of the U krainianwoman's valuable input into the Ukrainian community, both presently and inthe past," said Anise Handzia Sawy-ckyj, chairman of the conference Organizing Committee.

The weekend event featured an ex tensive agend a, including 13 panel discussions, several presentations, threesepara t e ar t exhib i t s and a concer tprogram.T h e p a n e l s , w h i c h w e r e h e l d i nseveral locations around Soyuzivka,dealt with issues ranging from intermarriage to the working woman, andsuch diverse topics as the sociologicala s p e c t s o f U k r a i n i a n i d e n t i t y a n dwomen in cr i s i s . Most panel s wereconducted in Ukrainian.

Discussions touched on a host ofproblems and issues, both personal andsocial, confronting U krainian women int h e d i a s p o r a , a m o n g t h e m d i v o r c e ,widowhood, violence in the ho me, childabuse, changing sexual mores, and thepreservation of the Ukrainian languageand identity.Although most of the participantsappeared to be middle-aged, there werea considerable number between 30 and45 , but a few were in their 20s.Participants began streaming intoSoyuzivka's Main House on Fridayevening. B y nightfall, 134 had beenregistered and the resort's parking lotswere filled with cars bearing licenseplates from several states and Canadianprovinces, including Maine, Ma ssachus e t t s , C o l o r a d o , O h i o , M i c h i g a n ,California, Ontario and Quebec. Participants continued to arrive well aftermidnight.

A busload of women arrived fromRochester, N. Y., and identification tagsworn by the women after registrationdisplayed A tlanta, Washington, Detroitand New York addresses. Some camefrom as far away as Argentina to attendthe conference. Since Soyuzivka wasbooked to capacity, most participantshad to find accommodations in neighboring Ellenville and Kerhonkson andother area towns.Registration continued on Saturdaymorning beginning at 8:30 in the M ainHouse lobby. Participants were provided w ith a schedule of panels, UNWLAbrochures, a map of Soyuzivka andother materials. Many drifted into the

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P r o v i d e n c e A s s o c i a t i o n q u i t s U C C A

Volodymyr A ndrushko

P H I L A D E L P H I A - T h e P r o v i dence Association of Ukrainian Catholics in Am erica, a fraternal UkrainianCatholic organization headquartered inPhiladelphia, has withdrawn its representatives from the Ukrainian CongressCommittee of America.News of the withdrawal was releasedhere on September 27 in an officialcom mu nique f rom the pr es ident ofProvidence, Msgr. Stephen Chomko.In the communique Msgr . Chomkostated: "Effective September 29 ,1982 ,1

hereby temporarily withdraw the representatives of the headqu arters and localbranches of the Providence Associationof Ukrainian Catholics from the cen traland local UCCA bodies."I also call on all representatives ofthe Providence headquarters and itsbranches n ot to take part in the activityof the Com mittee for Law and O rder inthe UCCA or any other organizationthat promotes t he d iv i s iveness anddisunity of our community."The Providence president noted that

he was acting in accordance with theSeptember 8 appeal of U.S. UkrainianCatholic hierarchs (published in TheWeekly on September 26) in which theystated that the Church cannot be partyto the divisiveness in the Ukrainiancomm unity and said that if unity is notachieved the Church would be forced to.wi thdraw the r epresenta t i ves of a l lorganizations o perating under the aegisof the Ukrainian Catholic Church from"those central and local organizationsthat do not adhere to the principle ofChristian love and do battle with oneanother ."

Msgr. Ch omko went on to say that hemade the decision t o recall Providencerepresentatives from the UCCA "w ith aheavy nearT and that he was aware ofthe fact that the great major i ty ofProvidence Association members wishto see the U CCA unite all and serve asan organization of organizations. Heappealed to all members of Providence(Continued oo p ap )

D r. Martha Bohachevsky-ChomiaiNOTICE TO OUR READERSThis issue of The Ukrainian Weeklyis being mailed to all Svoboda subscribers in order to reacquaint themwith our newspaper.As our readers may recall, beforeJune 1, 1980, The W eekly was mailedautomatically to all Svoboda subscr iber s a t no addi t i onal charge .However , rapidly r ising costs ofnewsprint and postage forced theUkrainian Na tional Association, ourpublisher, to stop this giveaway ofThe Weekly and to charge Svobodasubscribers an additional fee for aWeekly subscription.Many Svoboda readers chose tosubscribe to The W eekly, others didnot. This issue of The W eekly is beingmailed to the latter with the hope tha tthey will see what they're missing bynot reading The Weekly and willbecome Weekly subscribers.We should also note that those ofyou who subscr ibe t o both TheWeekly and S vobo da will receive twocopies of this issue. May we suggestthat you pass one copy on to a friend?


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2 THE UKRA INI AN WEEKLY SUNDA Y, OCTOBER 10 , 1982 No. 41

Dissident profileIva n :serving second sentence

JERSEY CITY, N J. - This year,Ukrainian diss ident Ivan isscheduled to complete the last year ofa 10-year labor-camp term. But hisordeal will by no means be over. The45-year-old former tool-maker stillfaces a five-year exile sentence. Mr.Hel's only "crime" was that he, likehis father, insisted that the Sovietgovernment guarantee civil, nationaland human rights in Ukraine.

Ivan was born on July 17,1937, in the village of Kletsko in theHorodenka region of the Lvivoblast.His father Andrij was a peasant.Mr. Hel's early life was normalenoug h. He started elementary schoolin his native village in 1944. In 1932,however, he was ejected from m iddleschool at age 15 for not joining theKomsomol, the Communist youthleague.In 1954, he attended anotherschool for students not bound foruniversity, and after graduation, heworked in a Lviv auto-manufacturingplant until being drafted into thearmy in 1956.In 1959 he began work as a tool-maker in an electrical factory, and in1960 he began taking history coursesat Lviv University.But 1960 had another significance

Ivan for Mr. , for it was in that yearthat his father was arrested andsentenced to 10 years' imprisonmentfor community activities deemedanti-Soviet. He was released in 1966because of failing health, and died in1970 at age 69.After his father's arrest, Mr. became involved with the burgeoningnational and cultural revival that

characterized Ukrainian intellectuallife in the 1960s. He become involvedwith the group of dissident intellectuals that became known as the"Shestydesiatnyky."When Soviet authorities launchedtheir crackdown on these men andwomen, Mr. was caught in theweb. He was arrested in Lviv onAugust 24, 1965. Two days later, theKGB searched his apartment onChorny Street.On March 24-25, 1966, he wasconvicted at a closed trial of disseminating anti-Soviet samvydav materials, and sentenced to three years ina strict-regimen labor camp inMordovia.Released in 1968 with a reportfrom the camp officials which saidthat he refused to renounce his views,he returned t o Lviv but was unable tofind permanent employment. Onceagain, he became involved withdissident intellectuals and human-righ ts activists working for the U-krainian cause.In 1970, Mr. spoke at thefuneral of Alia Horska, a Ukrainian

dissident artist who was murdered onNovember 28 of that year at age 41.On January 12, 1972, the KGBconducted searches at the homes ofMr. Hel's sister and mother. Laterthat day, he w as arrested and held ina Lviv prison on Myr Street. He wassentenced to 10 years' imprisonmentto be followed by five years' internalexile for "anti-Soviet agitation andpropaganda" under Article 62 of theUkrainian Criminal Code.

Since his imprisonment, Mr. has been the author of many appealsboth to the Soviet government and tothe West. In 1976, he went on ahunger strike to protest his treatmentand the illegality of his imprisonment.In 1979, he wrote a letter to thePresidium of the Supreme Soviet inwhich he described the Soviet systemas "a dictatorship." He demanded therelease of all Ukrainian politicalprisoners, the institution of civil andpolitical rights in the USSR and thesecession of Ukraine from the SovietUnion.In January 1980 Mr. wastransferred from Mordovia to Perm.Seven months later, on August 5, hewas moved again, this time to Lviv.Although Mr. is imprisoned,and is not due to be released fromexile until 1987, the Soviet presscontinues to attack him. In an August18 article accusing Ukrainian dissident Olena Krasivska of stealingfrom the Russian Social Fund, theLviv newspaper Vilna Ukraine managed a backhanded attack on Mr.

, whom it mentioned as a recipient of the fund, set up by AlexanderSolzhenitsyn before his exile to helpdissidents and their families.The paper accused him of "bour-geoise nationalism," noting that hisfather "was an active helper andabettor of Banderite headhunters." Italso said that Mr. Hel's "anti-Soviet"and nationalistic writings have beenexploited by anti-Communist circlesin the West.

Junta ready to outlaw Solidarity Al chapter appeals fo r SichkoWA RSAW - Polish martial law

authorities appear on the verge ofoutlawing and eliminating the now-suspended Solidarity free trade union,according to a recent report in The N ewYork Times.The attempt to finally crush therebellious trade union , which of late hasbeen under almo st con stant criticism inthe government press, is expected tocome in a new trade-union bill tentatively scheduled to be presented toParliament in the next several weeks.The bill is expected to call for theelimination of Solidarity and the existing official social commissions, whichhave never enjoyed worker support.It appears likely that the government

will seek to establish some new, limitedform of worker councils in an attemptto channel the emotions unleashed bySolidarity. Unlike the pre-Solidaritycouncils, the new bodies are expected tobe somewhat more responsive to workerinput, but they are also expected to behighly localized to prevent them frombecoming a political threat, according toWestern experts.

The proposal to outlaw Solidarity isusually discussed in the press under therubric of "the rebirth of the trade-unionmovement."Typically, the newspaper Zycie War-szawy said that there can be no return tothe days when Solidarity openly defied(Cont inued on page IS)

Four Pentecostals abandon fastWASHING TON - Four womenmembers of a Soviet Pentecostal familyended their second hunger strike onSeptember 11 after family membersexpressed some hope of a breakthroughin their four-year-old bid to leave theUSSR, the U.S. State Department hasconfirmed.The hunger-strikers are all membersof the Vashchenko family, five of whomsought refuge in the U.S. Embassy inMoscow in 1978. Two of the hunger-strikers, Aug ustina, 52, and her daughter,Lilia, remain in the embassy along with

another daughter, Liuba, and PeterVashchenko, the head of the family.The two women began their fast in July.Another daughter, Lidia, and acousin, Vera, had been on a hungerstrike in the family's hometown inSiberia since June 27, the fourth anniversary of the day when members of thefamily, along with two members of theChmykhalov family, dashed pastSoviet guards into the compound. Lidiahad also been living in the embassy untilshe was removed and hospitalized in

1980 following a hunger strike.Several weeks ago, exiled dissidentAlexander Ginzburg said in Londonthat he feared for the lives of the fourwomen, who were reported to be extremely weak as a result of their protest.Although the State Departmentreported that there had been no changein the family's status and that theSoviets have offered no new initiativesthat may facilitate their eventual withdrawal from the embassy, the Vash-chenkos seem to feel that there may be

reason for optimism.According to East/ West N ews, theVashchenkos may have been encouraged by the emigration to West Germanyof a relative of Peter Vashchenko. Inaddition, two other members of thePentecostal family are said to havefound employment in Chernogorsk, thefamily's hom etown.The family has been seeking to leavethe Soviet Union because they feel thatthey are unable to freely practice theirreligion.

ITHAC A, N .Y. - A local chapter ofAmnesty International here has adoptedUkrainian political prisoner PetroSichko and has been writing severalSoviet officials asking for his release.Maija Hinkle, chapter coordinator,said in a recent letter that the Ukrainiancommunity should get involved in aletter-writing campaign for Mr. Sichko,who was sentenced to a new term onMay 26, just 10 days before he was to bereleased from an earlier three-yearsentence.

Mr. Sichko, 56, was arrested in 1979along with his son, Vasyl, 25, for"slandering the S oviet state." Both menwere sentenced to three-years' imprisonment. Another son, Volodymyr, 22,was arrested in December 1980 andsubsequently sentenced to three years ina labor camp.In January, Vasyl was sentenced toan additional three-year term whilenearing the completion of his firstsentence. Both he and his father are

members of the Ukrainian HelsinkiGroup, which monitors Soviet compliance with the human-rights provisions of the 1975 Helsinki Accords.The Ithaca chapter of AI, an international human-rights group, recommended that letters be written to the

(Cont inued on page 15)

Religious journaleditor arrestedMOSC OW - Soja Krachmalnikova,a 53-year-old editor of an unofficialreligious journal here, was arrested byauthorities on August 6, reportedEast/West News.A linguist, Ms. Krachmalnikova hasedited the journal, N adezhda (Hope),since 1976.She was fired from her universityteaching post in 1974 after she becamean Orthodox activist.

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No. 41 T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K LY S U N D A Y , O C TO B ER 1 0 , 1 9 8 2 3

James L. Buckley New York parley focuses on Ukrainian-Polish relationsn a m e d p r e s i d e n to f R F E / R L

B o c i u r k i w e l e c t e d p r e s i d e n t o f U k r a i n i a n C a n a d i a n s t u d e n t s

Parliament and Gahcian Sejm, 1861-1918"; Prof. Andrzej Kaminski ofColumbia University, who discussed"Historical Tradition of Polish-Ukrainian Federalism: Myth or Reality"; andProf. F r a n k E. Sysyn of HarvardUniversity, who spoke on "Adam Kysilan d the Question of 'Gente Ruthenus,Natione Polonus ' in Ukrainian-PolishRelat ions ."All three speakers spoke of efforts tobring about a meaningful understanding and the reasons for their failure,including the intransigence and radicalism of certain leaders in both camps.

The afternoon session was chaired byProf. Thaddeus V. Gro mada, secretarygeneral of the Polish Institute of Artsand Sciences. The session featured threescholars: Prof. Piotr S. Wandycz, YaleUniversity, who spoke on the theme of"Pilsudski and Petliura: An Experimentin Polish-Ukrainian Rapproachement";Prof. Taras Hunczak, Rutgers University, who discussed "Ukrainian-PolishRelations During World War II"; andStan i s law Skrzypek , In te rna t i ona lCommunication Agency, who spoke on"Polish Attitudes on Ukrainian Aspirations to Independent Statehood."

The closing ad dress was delivered byProf. Felix Gross, a veteran Polish-American sc holar and executive directorof the Polish Institute of Arts andSciences, who gave a review of thehistorical relationship between Polesand Ukrainians and said that whateverhad happened in the past, an understanding between the two neighboringpeoples is imperative for their ownsalvation and survival.By mutual agreement, lectures andd iscuss ions were conduc ted in theUkra in ian , Po l i sh and English languages.Present at the conference was Dr.Waclaw Jendrzejewich, president of theJozef Pilsudski Institute in New York

and former minister of education inreborn Poland, who showed the participants a few original documents, including an original letter written by SymonPetliura to Jozef Pilsudski, as well asthe text of the original Polish-Ukrainian military agreement of April 1920,which led to the Pol i sh -Ukra in ianmilitary alliance and the anti-Bolshevikcampaign by the Polish and Ukrainianmili tary forces which succeeded incapturing Kiev and other parts of right-bank Ukraine.

Some of the speakers, .notably Mr.Skrzypek, were rather negative in theirassessment of the Ukra in ian-Po l i shproblem. Mr. Skrzypek, for instance,leveled a blanket accusation tha t variousUkrainian leaders manifested Rus-sophile tendencies and that the Ukrainian peo ple were indifferent to the causeof Ukrainian independence.On the other hand, Prof. Kaminskifrankly admitted that any agreementsbetween Poles and Ukrainians in thepast were, as a rule, broken by the Poles,citing the example of the Hadiach treatyof 1658, which was brok en by the Poles,o r the Warsaw agreement of 1920between Pilsudski and Petliura, whichwas again broken by the Polish sidewhen Pilsudski signed the Treaty ofRiga with Communist Russia in 1921,abandon ing Ukra ine to C o m m u n i s tRussia.

Prof. Gross mentioned a little-knownfact - that Stalin proposed to Gen. W.Sikorski that Poland could keep Lviv(after the defeat of Nazi Germany),provided that the Poles would "resettle"some 2 million Ukrainians in the US SR.Gen. Sikorski rejected this as "inhuman." But, the new Polish government did not hesitate to expel over750,000 Ukrainian Lemkos from theirancestral homes to the German territories acquired by the Warsaw regimefrom defeated G ermany after the end ofWorld War II.

s i d e n t o f U k r a i n i a n C a n a d i a n s t u d e n t s

James L. BuckleyW A S H I N G T O N - F o r m e r U.S.Sen. James L. Buckley, counselor to theD e p a r t m e n t of Sta te and f o rmer lyundersecretary for security assistance,has been named president of Radio FreeEurope/ Radio Liberty Inc.News of the appointment was announced by Frank Shakespeare, chairm an of the b o a r d of R F E / R L , onSeptember 30.Radio F ree Europe and R a d i oLiberty broadcast in 21 languages to thepeop le of Eas te rn Europe and theSov ie t Union . The i r ope ra t i ons are

funded by congressional grants.Following a career in law and business, Mr. Buckley served as a U.S.senator from New York from 1970 to1977.He has written widely on po litical andenvironmental subjects and served as acommentator for N ational Public Radioan d the Westinghouse group of radiostations.Born in New York City in 1923, Mr.Buckley graduated from Yale in 1943and later attended Yale Law School. Heserved with the U.S. Navy in the Pacificfrom 1943 until 1946.On August 31,1982, Mr. Shakespeareannounced the election of au thor andbroadcaster Ben J. Wattenberg as vicechairman of the board of directors ofR F E / R L Inc.At the same time, George Bailey, anaward-winning writer and broadcasteron international affairs, was appointeddirector of the Radio Liberty division ofR F E / R L .R F E / R L Inc., is a non-profit, priv a te c o r p o r a t i o n , o p e r a t i n g u n d e rAmer ican management , funded bycongressional grants supplied throughthe presidentially appointed Board forInternational Broadcasting (BIB). Itspurpose, in the words of its charter, is to"encourage a constructive dialogue withthe peoples of Eastern Europe and the

Soviet Union by enhancing their knowledge of developments in the world atlarge and in their own countr ies ."Radio Liberty broadcasts in 15 of thelanguages spoken in the Soviet Union,while Radio Free Europe broadcasts insix major languages of Eastern Europe.RL's Russian programming is a 24-hour service. Its Ukrainian-languagebroadcasts are allotted eight hours perday.

NEW YORK - A scholarly Conference on Ukrainian-Polish Relationswas held at the Ukrainian Institute ofAmerica in New York City, on Saturday, October 2, and it attracted a recordnumber of participants from both theUkrainian and Polish communities.Sponsored jo intly by the ShevchenkoScientific Society, the Polish Instituteof Arts and Sciences of America and theU k r a i n i a n A c a d e m y of A r t s andSciences, the conference was consideredto be a sequel to two other Ukrainian-Polish academic gatherings, one held atMac Master University in Hamilton,Ont., in 1978 and organized by Prof.Peter Potichny, and another sponsoredby the Ukrainian Free University underthe direction of its rector, Prof. Wolo-dymyr Janiw, in 1980 in Munich, WestGermany.The conference was divided into twosessions, each under a different chairman, and featured a total of sixspeakers three Ukrainian and threeP o l i s h . As agreed upon by the organizers, the conference dealt almostexclusively with the h is t o ry of the

Ukrainian-Polish relationship, barelytouching on the current Ukrainian-Polish relationship.The chairman of the morning sessionwas Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytsky, a veteranUkrainian jo urnalist and an authorityon Ukra in ian-Po l i sh re la t i ons . Theopening address was delivered by Dr.Ja ros law Padoch , p res iden t of theShevchenko Scientific Society, whostressed the importance of the gatheringand recalled some distinguished Poleswho advocated and still advocate aPolish-Ukrainian rapproachement.The speakers at the morning sessionsincluded Prof. Bohdan T. Ciuciura of

St. Mary's University in Halifax, N .S. ,who spoke on "Ukrainian-Polish Conflicts and Collaborat ion in the Austrian

W I N N I P E G - Mykhailo Bociurkiw,2 1, was elected natio nal president o f theUkrainian Canadian Students' Union(SUSK) for the 1982-3 term at the 23rdcongress held at the Universi ty ofWinnipeg recently.Also elected to the executive boardwere Markian Dzerowycz, executivev ice -p res iden t ; Pe t rus ia Huk, vice-p res iden t of mul t icu l tu ra l i sm; andDonna Stachiw, vice-president of communications.Reg iona l v ice -p res iden t s inc lude :Irka Holubiec in the Laiirentian region;Luba Jaroslawa Bakaj in the GreatLakes area; and Taras Maluzhynsky inthe prairie region.The vice president of cu l tu re isPetrusia Schur; the representative to thepresidium of the Ukrainian CanadianC o m m i t t e e is M a r k M i n e n k o ; thealumni coordinator is George Samoil(immediate past president); the congress coordinator is Chris Chudczak;an d the Studen t newspaper in te r imcoordinator is Dana Boyko.The four-day congress featured keynote speaker Roy Romanow, formerattorney general/deputy premier of theprovince of Saskatchewan, who addressed the congress banquet on thetopic of the Canadian Constitution andethnic minority rights.

In his speech, Mr. Romanow ' sa id :"We have built a country out of minorities ethnic mino rities. Every one of usbelongs to a minority, by somebody'sdefinition. We're either Ukrainians orFrench, or Westerners, or we're Mari-timers. And out of those" minorities we

Mykhailo Bociurkiwhave built a cou ntry: each mino rity is anessential building brick or block putinto place and resulting in an edificec a l l e d C a n a d a . No s ing le b r ick isexpendable. Each brick needs to have a

sense of vibrancy, or vitality or renewalabou t it, an understanding about it -we will depend on each other (this wall)otherwise there's no country ."Other highlights of the congress ,which attracted students from acrossCanada, included lectures, panel discussions, audio-visual presentat ionsand a variety of social events.The theme of this year's congress was"Future-scope," an . examination offuture scenarios for the Ukrainiancommunity in Canada. Speakers addressed the theme of the conference o n avariety of topics including genealogy tracing one's roots, SUSK's future rolewithin the Ukrainian Canadian Committee, the integration of Ukrainiansin to the Canad ian communi ty andUkrainians in the media.

Saturday night after the banquet,Winnipeg's Volya band played for theparticipants of the congress.Sunday's program continued with anaudio-visual slide presentation by theMulticultural Media Skills Development Project crew, which just completed a cross-Canada tour interviewingUkrainian Canadians for radio broadcasts. The afternoon and evening sessions included the adoption of resolutions,.presentation of executive reportsand elections of a new SUSK board.

Among the resolutions passed wasone relocating the Student newspaperfrom Edmonton to Toron to .The 24th SUSK Congress is plannedfor Ottawa during the August 23, 1983,weekend, at which time SUSK willcelebrate its 30th anniversary.


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T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y . O C T O B ER 1 0 , 1 9 8 2 N o. 41

Canadian students wind upmulticultural media skills project

Mykhailo B ociurkiw interviews Ukrainian pioneer settler in Vancouver.OTTAW A - Ukrainian studentsworking on the Multicultural MediaSkills Development Project, fundedby the Canadian government, woundup a hectic summer of interviewing,and taping activities in the Ukrainianc o m m u n i t y l a s t w e e k e n d a t t h eUkrainian women's conference, "U-krainian Woman in Two Worlds," atSoyuzivka.The team, consisting of four full-time workers and three part-timersspent a full summer (from the end ofMay through September) travelingaround Canada, recording materialabout Ukrainian settlements.The goal of the project which wasconducted under the auspices of theCanadian Broadcasting Corporation(CBC), was to prepare and distributea series of brief radio documentarieswhich focus on the multifacetedcharacter and lifestyles of urban andrural Ukrainian settlements inCanada.The project, headed by MykhailoBociurkiw from Carleton University,is aimed at developing Ukrainiancommunity radio broadcasting inCan ada . I t wi ll ass i s t U kra in i anbroadcas t er s , mul t i l i ngual r ad ios t a t i ons and commerci a l pr iva t eradio stations by bringing interviews,information and programming aboutCanada's community to their owncommunities. Through the distribu

t ion of the project 's interviews,commentaries and reports, Ukrainian and other ethno-cultural communi t ies wi l l be exposed to newideas, fresh points of view and rareinsights into the nature of th e Ukrainian community of Canada.After the taping and interviewing,which took them across all of Canada, the students compiled a resource ca t a logue . The ca t a logue ,which has already been published,lists all the materials available for' broad castin g. All interested partieswill have access to the project's taped,material. The Ottawa office of theUkrainian Canadian S tudents Unionwil l dist r ibute the tapes, f ree ofcharge (except for the cost of therecording tape) for a period of sixmonths following the completion ofthe project.

Among the subjects tackled duringthe summer months was Ukrainianurban settlements in Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Edmonton and Vancouver.Other subjects researched and tapedfor broadcasts include the Ukrain i an-Engl i sh b i l i ngual educat ionprog ram s, 90 year s of Ukra in i ansettlements in Canada, UkrainianCanadian music , Ukra in i an andmulticultural festivals in Canada,and Ukrainian dancing.(Continued on pact 14)

Ulana Plawuszczak with the builder of the brick bread-baking oven inAngusville, Man.

Bostonians protest pipelineby Orest Szczudluk

B OSTO N - A coalition of citizensdemonstrated on September 18, hereoutside the French C onsulate to protestFrance's sale of generators and otherequipment to the Soviet Union for theconstruction of the gas pipeline.The demo nstration was organized bythe 14th of June Latvian MemorialCommittee and co-sponsored by theBoston ch apter of the Ukrainian Congress Com mittee of Ame rica, CaptiveNations Committee of Massachusetts,and Afghan, Estonian, Cuban, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Polish and Vietnamese organizations.Aristids Lambergs, chairman of the14th of June Latvian Memorial Committee, opened the demonstration bystating: "We are protesting the Sovietgas pipelines. We feel the trade willstrengthen the Soviet Union which isenslaving our countries. The gas willgive S10 billion in hard revenue to theSoviets which will be put into buildingtheir war machine."

Orest Szczudluk, president of theBoston chapter of the Ukrainian Congress Comm ittee of Am erica and chairman of the Captive Nations Comm itteeof M assachusetts, read a letter addressed to French President Francois Mitter-and on behal f of Afghan, Cuban,Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Ukrainian and Vietnameseorganizations.

The l e t t e r ca l l ed upo n Pres identMitterand to terminate all French tradeagreements with the Soviet Union andtake a public position on the freedomand national self-determination of allcaptive nations Under the Soviet Russian domination. The letter and othermaterials on Soviet Russian colonialpolicies in c aptive coun tries were handedto the consulate by Messrs. Lambergsand Szczudluk.Dem onstrators carried placards such(Continued on pajt 14)

S e n . D ' A m a t op r a i s e s m u s e u mNEW YORK - The Ukrainian Museum, which was awarded an Instituteof Museum Services grant in the sum ofS20.053 for the fiscal year of 1982-3,received a letter of con gratula tions fromSen. Alfonse D'Amato.In a letter to Maria Shust, the museum's director, Sen. D'Amato wrote:"In moni tor ing f edera l gr ant s and

loans, it is my desire as United Statessenator from New York to see to it thatthose projects in the state of New Yorkmost in need of federal aid be offeredthe assistance, especially during thesetimes of fiscal austerity . Please allow meto congratulate you on the approval ofyour grant. I hope that these funds willeffectively aid your efforts."

U k r a i n i a n p o l i c e m e n h o n o r n e w s e r g e a n t

Walter W. Dudycz, president of the Uk rainian American Police Association (left),presents plaque to Andres Durbak, Chicago's first Ukrainian police sergeant.CH ICA G O, 111. - The UkrainianAmerican Police Association recentlyheld its first annual dinner banquet atwhich it hono red one of its own officers,Andres Durbak, vice-president of theassoci a t i on , on the occas ion of h i spromotion to the rank of police sergeanton the Chicago Police Force.At the banquet, which was held inChicago's newest Ukrainian restau rant,G alan ' s Ukra in i an Cafe , Pres identWalter W. Dudycz congratulated Mr.Durbak and stressed the need for all

Ukrainian Americans to maintain theirethnic identity.Mr. Dudycz mentioned the association's activities within the past year,including the crime prevention seminarsand free classes for police exams. Theassociation has also received hundredsof telephone requests for referral services and translations. M r. Dudycz alsoment ioned tha t such ac t iv i t i es andservices could not have been possiblewithout the support of the community

and the di rect involvement of themembers.In the future, the association wants tohold bimonthly meetings that will beopen to the public; thus Ukrainiansfrom other professions a nd the generalcommunity can get to know the members personally.The Ukra in i an Amer i can Pol i ceAssociation has me mbers in all levels oflaw enforcement, in local, state andfederal agencies all around the country.Memberships from Canada are alsobeing accepted and a study is presentlyunder way on the format ion of aninternational police association.

Readers who are police officers orwho have relatives and friends in theprofession are encouraged to join theassociation by writing to: UkrainianAmerican Police Association, P.O . Bo x7345, Chicago, , 60680, or call ing(312) 283-0500. Associate membershipsfor non-police m embers are also available. T f) -


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N o . 4 1 T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y , O C T O B E R 1 0 , 1 9 8 2 5600 attend women's parley...

(Continued frompap 1)library to take in an exhibition ofUkrainian folk art, which includedpysanky and embroidery. There wasalso a display of women's literature inthe lobby. An exhibition of fine arts wasset up along one wall in the Veselkaauditorium and on the patio overlooking the pool.

The morning panelsThe presentations and panels themselves began sh ortly after 10 a.m. Some90 people attended a presentation on"Women's Literary Creativity in theEmigration" by Dr. Laryssa Onysh-kevych of Princeton University in theVeselka auditorium , while, nearly 120women crowded into the Poltava guesthouse to hear a panel on teenagers.In h er presentation, Dr. Onyshkevychprovided a detailed list of Ukrainianwomen authors who emigrated fromUkraine during different periods, thevarious problems they faced and theircontributions to Ukrainian literature.Am ong the po ints she raised were thelack of feminist topics in Ukrainian

literature, the tendency of som e authorsto ignore their adopted countries inchoosing subjects, and what sh e called a"ghetto mentality" among authors atthe expense of universal themes.The next presentation on literaturewas delivered by Nadia Svitlychna, aformer dissident and political prisoner,who spoke on aspects of literary creativity in Ukraine, and the terribleproblems faced by women authors whowant to retain Uk rainian themes in theirwriting. Among the authors she mentioned were Una Kostenko and hernovel, "Marusia Churay," Iryna Senykand Iryna Stasiv Kalynets. She said thatthe talent, creativity a n d thematic intentof women authors in Ukraine oftencomes through despite heavy censorship and repression.

Following the two presentations, Dr.Onyshkevych introduced the twopanelists, poets Marta Tarnawsky andDima, both of whom read from theirworks. Dr. Onyshkevych then posedseveral questions, which were followedby a discussion and a question-and-answer period.At the teenage panel, which wasmoderated by Lesia Slobodian, 22,there was often intense discussions on avariety of subjects ranging from datingto teenager-parent communication.Panelists Christine Savyckyj, 1 3 , CathyLeonard, 13, Nadia Ratycz, 16, andNatalka Mociuk, 18, fielded severalquestions concerning drugs, alcoholabuse and the problems young Ukrainians have in talking to their parentsabout a host of sensitive issues, including sex.Many of the participants at the paneldiscussion appeared to be mothersconcerned about th e complex issues andchoices facing their own children, andmany ex pressed , the wish that theUkrainian community should providemore varied activities for youth.The two 11:30 panels were "TheUkrainian Singles Scene" moderated byMarta Korduba, which took placeoutside the Lviv guest house, and"Schools and Youth Organizations,"

with Halyna Kutko as moderator,which was held in Poltava.Nearly 150 peop le attended thesession o n singles. Panelist Orest Kebalospoke on singles outlets in the Ukrainian community, saying that there werefew established places w here Ukrainiansingles could congregate on a regularbasis. George Tarasiuk, an engineer,talked on the singles role in the Ukrainian comm unity, while Olena Hentisz, awidow, di scussed the middle -aged

Ukrainian single woman and the manyproblems she must face.The older Ukrainian single woman isoften excluded from social events,ignored by men and isolated from thecommunity, she said, adding that theUkrainian community should provideorganized out l e t s for middle -agedsingles.Panelist Ivan Bereznicki, a Bostonarchitect, provided the results of aninformal poll conducted b y Daria Ratyczin the Boston area among 20 singleUkrainians. The poll showed that onlyone of 20 people polled preferred anexclusively Ukrainian singles scene to a"mixed" one, and it enumerated manyof the problems and misconceptionsthat Ukrainian men and women haveabout each other, Mr. Bereznicki said.

Among the problems cited were thatboth men and women often expect toomuch from Ukrainian partners, thatthere is strong marriage pressure inUkrainian relationships that doesn'texist in more casual, mixed relationships, and that both Ukrainian m en andwomen tend to have an idealized concept of the opposite sex.During the discussion period, otherproblems were mentioned, includingthe pressures of community gossip andchanging mores in a closely knit community. Other matters raised includedsuch diverse subjects as the communityand gays, th e lack of varied social eventsand the need for networking so thatUkrainian singles can locate and communicate with each other.While the singles panel was going onoutside Lviv, over 150 crowded intoPoltava for the panel on Ukrainianschools and youth organizations moderated by Ms. Kutko. The panelistswere Lubow Wolynetz, a teacher at St.

George's in New York, Nadia Trach, ahigh school teacher, Myroslawa Znay-enko, a professor at R utgers, and ZeniaBrozyna.M s. Wolynetz noted that the enrollment in Ukrainian parochial schoolsand Schools of Ukrainian Studies hasdropped 5 0 percent in 20 years. S h e saidthat in 1962, 99 percent of the studentsin Ukrainian Catholic schools wereUkrainian, compared with 10 percenttoday. She blamed the decline on adropping birthrate, assimilation and thefailure of Ukrainian schools to modernize their curriculum and teachingmethods.The same theme was echoed by Ms.

Trach, who said that a questionnaireshe recently gave students showed awillingness to learn and an enthusiasmfor U krainian subjects. What is lacking,she said, are qualified teachers capableof employing the latest teaching techniques to Ukrainian subjects.M s. Znayenko discussed the establishment of Ukrainian language coursesat universities, while Ms. Brozynatalked on the need for Ukrainian youthorganizations such as Plast, SUM-Aand ODUM to reassess their status,return to their original stated goals andto work together to ensure growth.During the discussion and question-and-answer period, participants talked

mainly on the need to improve Ukrainian schoo ls, the quality of teachers andthe need to ed ucate adults in Ukrainianlanguage and history subjects so thatthey could share th e learning experiencewith their children and help them withtheir assignments.Opening ceremonies

After lunch, conference pa rticipants,panelists and guests gathered in the

Veselka auditorium for the openingceremonies.Marta Fedoriw, a community activist, acted as master of ceremonies and,after welcoming participants, introduced Ms. Sawyckyj. Speaking in bothEnglish and Ukrainian, Ms. Sawyckyjsaid that the conference w a s t h e result ofthe efforts of a highly talented andmotivated team of young women, andthe cooperation and guidance of theUNWLA leadership."We are women whose lives areenriched and complicated by our twohistories," said Ms. Sawyckyj, addingthat the Ukrainian woman must learn toadjust and contribute to both Ukrainian and American society.

She urged participants to work in "anatmosphere of creative constructive-ness" and to foster "new networks ofcontacts" among each other and in theUkrainian community.Following a bilingual invocation byMarta Kolomayets and a moment ofsilence for the late Olenka Savyckyj, aprime mover behind the conference andfirst chairman of its Organizing Committee before her untimely death inApril following a skiing accident, Ms.Fedoriw introduced Ivanna Rozankow-sky, president of the Ukrainian National Women's League of Americasince 1974.

In her remarks, Mrs. Rozankowskypraised the conference, noting that "theroad of our emigration is littered withgood ideas" that are never actualized.But the women's conference, she wento n , has "extended a hand to those on theoutskirts of th e Ukrainian community."After reading a message of greetingfrom the White House, Ms. Fedoriwintroduced the keynote speaker, Dr.Martha Boha chevsky-Chom iak, historyprofessor at Manhattanville Collegewho is com plet in g a book on the

Ukrainian w omen's mov ement from the19th century to the present.Before delving into a brief historicaloverview of Ukrainian feminism, Dr.Chomiak said that, although so-calledfeminist issues are central social concerns, they are rarely addressed as suchby society and are therefore relegated tothe special category of women's questions.Speaking in Ukrainian, Dr. Chomiaksaid that in the Ukrainian community,feminism as such is n o t discussed,addingthat women often undervalue or doubtthe importance of their enterprises.In studying Ukrainian feminism, Dr.Chomiak went on, she realized that

women have historically played avaluable role in Ukrainian social andpolitical development."The more I delve into this, the more 1realize that there are historical predecessors to whom w e o w e a lot," she said,noting that, unfortunately, the community is not aware of the history of thesepredecessors and the tradition of strugglefor women's rights.Dr. Chom iak said that early women'sgroups in Ukraine were defined aroundthe issues of individual rights ratherthan strictly feminist matters, and hadbetter access to international forumsthan male-dominated political organizations. She noted that author Olha

Kobylianska (1865-1942), in her 1896book "Tsarivna," dealt with th e triumphof th e individual rather than the triumphof womanhood as such.Another Ukrainian author, NataliaKobrynska^f855-1920), was one of thefirst to raise the problem of women'sdual responsibility, as she foresawthe economic-wage earner role of thewoman peasant worker and the traditional woman's role in the home. Dr.Chomiak went on.

M s. Kobrynska also raised the needto establish day-care centers to relievethe women of at least one burden, saidDr. Chomiak.In closing, Dr. Chomiak said thatUkrainian women today seek personalautonomy, human rights and a societywith no artificial divisions based on sex."We want equality in the face of openand hidden discrimination," she said,adding that Ukrainian women want acommunity with no double standards.She said women want equality, but notin men's chaotic and orderless society.We want to work together w ith men forthe betterment of society, she added.Dr. Chomiak's remarks were greetedwith a long standing ovation.The conference resumed after theopening with two panels "Intermarriage" and "Women in Crisis" and three presentations on art in thechurch hall, "Mythological Imagery inUkrainian Art" by Slava Gerulak,"Ukrainian Heritage as the Source ofCreativity in the Arts" by YaroslavaSurmach Mills and "Feminist Art:Myth and Reality" by Irene PetrenkoFedyshyn.The "Women in Crisis" panel washeld in Poltava and was attended bysome 95 people. The moderator wasMotria Kushnir, with panelists DzvinkaZacharczuk, Marta Shyprykevych andRita Poslushny.M s. Zacharczuk addressed the problems of divor ce, separation andwidowhood, touching on such psychological factors as coping with guilt,frustration, and moral and religioustraumas. She also talked about th e needfor the community to set up supportsystems for women in crisis, noting thatin todays Ukrainian community, divorceand related issues still carry a stigma,particularly for women.M s. Poslushny, a child psychologist,talked about raising children, thedifficulties encountered In understanding teenagers and the importance ofcommunication, both verbal and implied, between parents and their kids.M s. Shyprykevych, who works forthe Ukrainian Savings and Loan inPhiladelphia, discussed the finan cialaspects that women should be familiarwith to help them cope with divorceor widowhood.She stressed the need for women toown insurance policies, to establishtheir own credit rating, to know all thefinancial details of their households andto be willing to take advantage of

existing social programs such as foodstamps, if the need arises, withoutfeeling degraded.The question-and-answer sessionraised some interest ing issues notmentioned in the panels, such as theproblems of v iolence in the home, childabuse, battered wives and the particularconcerns of handicapped w omen/ parentsand raising handicapped children.Someone also brought up the need forsupport mechanisms for women whohave undergone traumatic surgery suchas masectomies.Most speakers agreed that, althoughcrisis centers are available in the non-Ukrainian community, the Ukrainian

community has been lax in first facingup to these issues, and creating relevantagencies for dealing with them.Nearly 100 people attended the "Intermarriage" panel in the Veselkaauditorium moderated by ChristineDobczansky-Melnyk. Both panelists,Tania D'Avignon and Maria KukilPoirier, married-non-Ukrainians andsaid that they had managed to over-

(Continoed on pap 11)


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THE UKRA INIA N WEEKLV SUNDAY. OCTOBER 10. 1982 No. 4 1

rainian WeeklyThe women's conference

Although we don't usually like to gush praise in this space (it makesthe ink run), we can only but give our unbridled acclaim to the"Ukrainian W oman in Two W orlds" conference recently held atSoyu zivka. What shortcom ings it did have (and there were som e) werepicayune compared to the many aspects worth commending.First , i t was refreshing to see that Ukrainians could hold aconference of such scope without the usual dithering and politickingthat have regrettably marred too many meetings. This is no small featconsidering that there were over 600 women in attendance fromdifferent age groups, backgrounds and with differing political andmoral beliefs. Dual credits for this belongs to the organizers, whoundoubtedly had their disagreements during the planning stages butdecided that true professionalism was the way to go, and to theparticipants, who appeared to attend each panel with the aim ofsharing their ideas rather than squabbling. Mercifully, the importantand revealing discussions at the conference were not drowned out bythe sound of grinding axes.In this spirit of professionalism, the conference sponsor theUkrainian Na tional W omen's League of America and conferenceorganizers thankfully did away with the needless, leaden pomp ofmany Ukrainian gatherings. There were no long-winded speeches and

excruciating pro forma greetings from seemingly every Ukrainianorganization in the free world. The- wo me n, it seems, were moreinterested in getting down to business.The business of the conference wa s, in a nutshell, commu nication t he e xc hange o f i n f or m at i on be t w e e n t he pane l i s t s and t heparticipants. The women attended the conference to find out whattheir sisters from across the country think about a huge variety ofcomplex and pressing issues confronting them as women in theUkrainian and Amer ican soc ie t i e s . And they came to providefeedback, to air their concerns about these issues and others notspecifically mentioned in the panels.Hence, alon g with the topics addressed by the panels, topics such aswomen and American politics, divorce, intermarriage, language andidentity, widowhood, the media, etc., participants raised issuessuch as changing sex ual mores in a close-knit comm unity , butteredwives, child abuse, breast cancer, the question of gays, alcohol and

drug abuse issues that have long been taboo in open Ukrainianforums. Many of these topics were raised but not discussed in depth.The important thing is that they were raised at all .The conference, then, was a first step, a means to bring up issueswhich concern today's Ukrainian American women. As IwannaRoz ank owsk y said in her closing address, the upshot is that wom enmust now return to their communities and plan regional conferenceswhere the myriad concerns just touched up on at Soyu zivka could befurther explored, analyzed and addressed.But there's more. It is clear from the remarks made by manypartic ipants at the conference that today's Ukrainian Americanwom an wants the Ukrainian com munity as a whole to act ively addressthe many social concerns raised at the conference because theyultimately affect the future of the diaspora. The call for professionalismin our political and social organizations, for the creation of crisiscenters for women and teens, for the formation of support groups for

widows or divorcees, and for the establishment of counseling centersor singles clubs, is an urgent one, for it implies that the Ukrainiancommunity is no longer responsive to the needs of its members. Itmeans that the community has forced many to look outside of theUkrainian world for basic understanding, advice and direct ionbecause the Ukrainian community is sadly out of step with thechanging times.We can only applaud the organizers and part ic ipants of theconference for their professional and progressive approach to theissues facing Ukrainian American women in particular, and ourcomm unity in general. We only ho pe that the eupho ria of success is notfollowed by complacen cy. T he conference was truly an important first.But the process begun at Soyuzivka must continue.

Letter to the editorRe: Russophiles and identity

| ! ! ! 1 ! ! !1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 ! ! ! 1 1 1 1

1 A tten t ion , students! 1 Throughout the year, Ukra in ian student c lubs plan and hold 31 activitie s. The U krainian Weekly urges students to let us and the 3s Ukrainian comm unity know about upcoming events. The Weekly wil l be happy to help you publicize them. We wi ll also be 1 g lad to print timely news stories about events that have already taken 3 place. Black and white photos (or color with go od contrast) wil l also be 3I accepted. MAKE YOUR SELF HEARD. f

Dear Editor:We read with interest the article byDr. Frank E. Sysyn on Russophiles inAmerica and the report on a search forroots reprinted from the OrthodoxHerald. The underlying theme of Dr.Sysyn's commentary is that descendantsof Orthodox immigrants from present-day western Ukrainian lands (shouldthey be interested at all in learningabout their ethnic background) musteither identify with Ukrainians orrem ain "divorced from reality" andassociate with things "Russian." Dr.Sysyn also implies and correctly that very few will choo se the Ukrainianoption.

There is another way, however.Slavic imm igrants in this country fromGalicia, northern Bukovina and Trans-carpathia did for many years - evenafter converting to Orthodo xy continue to use their historic names Rusynor Rusnak. Why no t, then, urge them toreturn to these roo ts, which are, ofcourse, the same for U krainians as well?The only viable alternative to a "Russian" identity is an awareness of regionalcustoms, history, maybe even language,descr ibed by the hi s tor ic nameRus'/ Rusyn.

The Carpatho-Rusyn Research Center has, in fact, been employing such anapproach since its establishment in1978. Although we are concerned primarily with imm igrants and theirdescendants from Subcarpathian Rus'(Transcarpathia), we have also beenserving those of Galician background aswell. As a result, we have been rathersuccessful in "de-Russifying" manypeople of both the Orthodox andByzantine Catholic faiths who previously had called themselves Russianor Carpatho-Russian. Moreover, ourwork in spreading knowledge about theCarpatho-Rusyn heritage has beenconducted in cooperation with the

Byzantine Cathol ic and OrthodoxChurches, as well as with Ukrainianorganizations, in particular the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.It is, therefore, gratifying to readarticles that have appeared in TheUkrainian Weekly during this past yearby people like John Y. Hamulak andDr. Frank Sysyn. But is their call for"cooperation," "warmth" and "understanding" typical of most Ukrainians?For instance, at the very same time TheUkrainian Weekly, which is publishedby the influential Ukrainian NationalAssociation, has adopted a positiveapproach, Svoboda, the Ukrainian-language daily of the same organ ization- as well as other Ukrainian-languagenewspapers have carried articlesattacking the work of our center andaccusing us of undermining the supposedunity of the Ukrainian community inthe United States. Perhaps the answerto Dr. Sysyn's rhetorical question whyso few "Russophiles" or , for thatmatter , Carpatho-Rusyns have not"rejoined" the Ukrainian commu nity isfound in a recent article by Ivan H0I0-winsky (Svoboda, August 24, 1982).This article seems clearly to support theprecept "if you are not with us, youare against us."

It would seem reasonable to hopethat our Ukrainian brethren will oneday realize that their solution regardingethnic identity is not the only alternative for those immigrants (and theirdescendants) who came from lands thatsince 194S are within the UkrainianSSR. It also seems reasonable to hopethat Ukrainians will view the work ofthe Carpatho-Rusyn Research Centeras the only practical means by whichByzantine Cathol ic and Orthodox"Russians "can learn of their true Rusynroots.

Carpatho-Rusyn Research CenterFairview, N.J.

Providence...(Continued frompap 1 )to support this decision.Msgr. Chomko also wrote:"It (the decision) is not directedagainst an y p articular group but it doesreflect the desire to give Providence theopportunity to stand aside and thus beinstrumental in bringing about therecuperation of our community life. I

assure our membership that when thesituation is improved, when healthythinking prevails and quarrels in ourcomm unity life are settled in a spirit ofChristian love, dialogue and healthycompromise, the representatives ofProvidence wh o have views that concurwith those of our hierarchs and our bylaws, will return to the executive organsof the UCCA."I sincerely believe that our m embership will help me, in cooperation withothers, to bring about peace in ourcommunity. I pray to God that you,dear Providence members, will understand this recall and will help ourorganization be instrumental in settlingthe misunderstandings in our community for the good of the entire Ukrainiancommunity in America."In the statement, Msgr. Chom ko saidhe had come to the conclusion, after athorough study of the situation, that thegrowth of the Ukrainian Catholicfraternal society is hindered by themisunderstandings prevalent in theUkrainian American community andthat "these misunderstandings take uptoo much of our time and do not give usthe opportunity to successfully develop

our activity and recruit new membersinto our organization."The statement made mention of thefact that the Providence Associationwas one of the co-founders of theUkrainian Congress Committee ofAmerica, that the UCCA was meantto be an "organization of organizations"and that its goal was to be "to unite theentire community and coordinate ourwork for the benefit of our Ukrainiancommunity in the United States and theUkrainian nation in the land of ourfathers."

Msgr. Chomko added: "However,Providence had already lost severalimportant posit ions in the UCC A,including that of member of the presidium/secretary, and today it has noinfluence o n the decisions of the UCCANational Council. In addition, as aresult of certain circumstances, currentProvidencerepresentatives n the UCCAcentral office do not represent Providence ideals and do not reflect thewishes of our hierarchs. The efforts ofthe former Providence president, nowBishop Robert Moskal, at the 13thCongress were not successful. Delegatesto the 13th Congress did not heedBishop Robert's call and, as a result ofthis, misunderstandings arose in ourcommunity along with the danger of apermanent division of the UkrainianAmerican community."

The full text of Msgr. Chomko'scommunique was published in Ukrainian in the September 29 issue ofAmerica, the Ukrainian Catholic dailypublished by che Providence Association.


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N o J i THE UKRA INIAN WEEKLY SUNDA Y, OCTOBER 10 .1 98 2 7

The M adrid Review Con ference: an up dated repo rtTwelfth semiannual report by thepresident to the Comm ission on Secu-rity and Cooperation in Europe on theimplementation of the Helsinki FinalAct, D ecember 1.1981 to May 31,1982.

Part IVG E R M A N D E M O C R A T I C R E PUBLIC: The GDR's interest in thefinal act focuses primarily on Basket Isecurity issues. Its performance onhuman-rights (Basket III) issues remains poor. The GDR maintains thatinquiries into its human-rights policiesare interference in its internal affairs.Reques t s by pr ivate human-r ight sgroups in the West for informationabout human-rights conditions in theGDR are not answered by the government, nor are those grou ps permitted tovisit the GDR.Although there were few discerniblehuman-rights developments during thisperiod, one development illustrates thesevere atm osphere within which citizensof th e GDR must live. On M arch 25 theGDR passed a law which makes it thelegal duty of border guards to useweapons to stop "border violations" orthe commission of a crime (whichincludes unauthorized departure of the

G D R ) . Although shoo ting escapees hasalways been East German policy, theorder to fire was n ot in the past codifiedin law. The G DR media praised the newlaw as being in the best CSCE spirit,since it supports the maintenance ofsecure borders in Europe. In an evengreater convolution of CSCE values,the GDR, in simultaneously announcinga law broadening the pool of citizensavailable for m ilitary m obilization, saidthat m ilitary service was a "basic humanright."One of the most interesting developments in the GDR in recent years hasbeen the development of an independent "peace movement" demandingdisarmament by both NATO and theWarsaw Pact. The GDR peace movement is a loose amalgam of youn g, oftenchurch-oriented activists and Marxistcritics of the regime. Dissident scientistRobert Havemann publicly advocated a"free peace m ovem ent" in the GDR justprior to his death on April 7. Earlier,upwards of 5,000 people from variousparts of the GDR gathered in Dresdenon February 13 to commem orate thebombing there during World War II by

attending a "Peace F orum" sponsoredby the Evangelical (Lutheran) Churchof Saxony. After the event, severalthousand young people conducted whatappears to have been the first unofficialpeace demonstration in the G DR, thussetting a precedent for a new form ofpolitical activism. In a related development, Lutheran pastor Reiner Eppel-mann was detained by the police for ashort period in February after hereleased the so-called "Berlin Appeal -Create Peace Without A rms" to theWestern press. The "Berlin Appeal"called for the withdrawal of all nuclearweapons and all foreign military forcesfrom the two German states, a de-emphasis of the military in GDR lifeand education, and the institution of"social peace service" as an alternativeto military conscription in the GDR.

The Eppelman incident exemplifiedthe continuing checkered relationshipbetween Church and state in the GDR.While seeking to avoid a confrontationwith the regime, the Evang elical Churchhas taken an active, resolute role inpeace-related issues. Lutheran synodsare the only public assembly in the

GDR not controlled by the authorities.The active support of the EvangelicalChurch for some form of social or"peace" service as an alternative tomilitary conscription had displeasedGDR authorities. This idea undercutsregime propaganda about disciplineand security. A GDR Central Committee plenum publicly rejected the idea ofan alternative to military service in lateNovember. A sreportedpreviously, thealternative service issue was a majorfocus of deliberation at EvangelicalChurch synods during the latter half of1 9 8 1 . More recently, the annual Evangelical leadership conference at B uckowon March 12-14 repeated its support forindependent peace initiatives in theGDR. Shortly before Easter the GDRbanned the wearing of the peace patch,but on Easter Sunday, Church leaderswore the symbo l to dem onstrate supportfor the peace movement. The Berlin-Brandenburg Synod on April 16-20firmly backed therightof peace activiststo wear the "swords-into-plowshares"peace patch and rejected regime assertions that the patch constituted po liticalopposition to the state.

HUNGARY: Hungary's record ofcompliance with the provisions of theHelsinki Final Act remained fundam entally unchanged and generally satisfactory during the reporting period.Hungary has stated its support for theimposition of martial law in Poland butalso stressed that the Poles should beal lowed to f ind their own way tosocialism. Hungarian and Polish officials have exchanged numerous visitssince the imposition of martial law.Although Hungarian officials publiclyeschew the applicability of the Hungarian model to Poland, reportedlythere is sentiment in Hungary favoringthe success of a program of nationalreconstruction and social alliance inPoland. The Hungarian media foreseesa long period of martial law and prolonged economic crisis in Poland and inthis connection depicts an increasinglyrealistic picture of the dissatisfaction ofPolish workers and the problems confronting the government in' Warsaw.Despite increased official worry overthe continuing crisis in Poland, therewas little change in Hungary's internalpolicies during the review period.Hungary maintained itsrelativelypositive record on humanitarian issues. A

new and more sophisticated publication(Beszelo) appeared which printedinformation about the dissident mo vement and samizdat articles. To date,official Hungarian reaction has beencircumspect, and the authorities havenot interfered with its publication.Dissemination of samizdat materials atthe home of private Hungarians continued unhindered. Reportedly, a coll ec t ion of underground Sol idar i tydocuments on the resistance to martiallaw in Poland was circulating in Hungarian translatio n in Budap est inFebruary.On the cultural scene itself, th eregime has not only tolerated but alsoencouraged a broader examination ofthe totalitarian excesses of the Stalinistperiod in film s, the theater, and literarymagazines. A current theatrical hit inBudapest, for example, examines thepainful 1 9 4 9 show trial a n d execution o fLaszlo Rajk, the nationalist HungarianCommunist leader.Dissension within the HungarianCatholic Church rose during th e reporting period. The controversy continuesto center on the "basic community"

movement which accuses hierarchialChurch leaders of being "collaborationist." Opposition grew to the Hungarian primate's suspension of two"basic community" priests who advocated conscientious objection to military service. In March, the primate,Cardinal Lckai, sharply criticized themovem ent for trying to form a counter-church. In February, State Secretaryfor Church Affairs Imre Milklos alsowarned in the party daily N epszabadsagagainst those who used theologicalarguments to justify acts against publicorder. Despite these warnings, noChurch members have been detained orarrested, and there has been littlechange in the relatively tolerant Hungarian intellectual climate.Hungarian intellectuals and dissidents con tinue to m eet and work normally. The Hungarian government hassought and obtained both tacit supportfrom much of the populace and theactive participation by broad groups ofintellectuals and others in national life.

Hungary's economic progress over thelast decade, its emphasis on consumeri s m , and its willingness to permit morefrequent travel to the West than mostother Warsaw Pact nations have allcontributed to the relative marginalityof the dissident movement vis-a-visHungarian society as a whole . Thegovernment also has shown a generalwillingness to weather without explicitreply or rejoinder some incidents ofdissent which occasionally emerge andto promote dialogue with those dissatisfied with government policy.

RUMANIA: Rumania has participated actively in the Madrid Conferrence. In Basket I, Rumania h a s focusedprimarily on security issues and hasshown little interest in human-rightsissues. Rumania maintains a restrictiveemigration p olicy, ha s strict limitationson political expression and religiousactivities, and has penalties for human-rights act ivism. Rumania has beensomewhat receptive to internationalconcerns about its human-rights practices and is willing to discuss human-rights issues, in detail a n d at a high level,with the United States. There is evidencethat some discrimination against thelarge Hungarian minority in Rumaniapersists despite legal prohibitions.There is no sign that the Rumanian

government's efforts to control religiousactivities are abating. Indeed, significantviolations in the human-rights area inRumania during the review periodfocused mainly on the continued severeharassment and imprisonment of religious a ctivists. T h e harassment seems tobe directed especially against thoseengaged in the distribution of religiousliterature, an activity protected byPrinciple VII of the Final act. Forexample, Hans Holzmann and HorstFeder, members of the EvangelicalChurch, received five and one-half-yearprison sentences on March 8, reportedlyfor involvement in smuggling Biblesinto Rumania for distribution there andin neighboring countries. Baptist pastorloan Maier, accused of "unauthorizedreproduction of literature with a religious content" w a s reprieved a t a trial inFebruary on the eve of Secretary Haig'svisit to Rumania. Particularly disturbing was the Turnu Severin trial onDecember 17. Klaus Wagner, a memberof th e Church of the Brethren, an d Fibiaand Maria Delapeta, adherents of theLord's Army, an evangelical movementwithin the Ru manian O rthodox Church,received sentences of six and fiv e years'imprisonment, respectively, for smuggling Bibles into Rumania. SeveralBrethren members, including SilviuCioata and Costel Georgescu, wereconvicted in Ploiesti for distributingreligious literature.

In other developments, well-knownBaptist leader loan Teodosiu, active inthe Rumanian Committee for ReligiousFreedom (AR LC), w as arrested onDecember 16, 1981 , after discussingreligious persecutions a n d food suppliesin Rumania with a Western reporter.He w as later released in March, a n d thecharges were dropped. However, thefamily has not been permitted to emigrate. Several Orthodox priests werebeaten by Rumanian security police inlate November, allegedly for sending aletter to Radio Free Europe demandingreligiou s freedom in R umania. One ofthem, Father Abrus-Cernat, was forcedto renounce his request to emigrate tothe United States.Considerable concern continues overthe unresolved case of Father GeorgeCalciu, an activist Rum anian Orthodoxpriest sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment in 1979.

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T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y , O C T O B E R 1 0 , 1 9 8 2 N o. 41

Laryssa Onyshkevych gives an overview of wom en's literary works in the emigration. In the backgrou nd are artworks by Ukrainian women artists. Ivan Bereznicki presents results of an ini


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N o. 4 1 THE UKRA INIA N WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10 ,1 98 2 9

Women's con ference: essay in pictures

miak From left: Lida Hawryluk, Maria Motyl and Anisa Han dzia Sa wycky j, conference chairman, discuss N adia Sv itlychna discusses women's literature in the Sovietquestion s raised at weekend conference. \ Union .

mal po ll o f Ukrainian singles at the singles scene panel.Laryssa Magun Huryn , accompanied by Juliana Oslnchuk, performs during the Saturday eveninconcert ;


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10 THE UKRA INIA N WEEKLY SUNOA Y, OCTOBER 10 . 1982 N o. 4 1

M EDIA ACTION COA LITION Post Office Box 134Whippany, New Jersey 0 7 9 8 1COMBATCORRESPONDENCE

"... Id o n l know if you've achieved any progress incontacting the publisher or editorial staff of The NewYork Times. Perhaps it may be more effective to startwriting letters to the m ore prominent journalists andcolumnists who w rite for the N YT. The 'na me ' writerstend to be independent of management and (it 's anoutside chance) one or more of them may take aninterest in our concerns."Perhaps we should institute a 'Garlic Award'forthe news organization(s) that is least responsive orhostile to the concerns of the Ukrainian Americancommunity. We could begin by awarding the GarlicAward to the NYT. This award should be coordinatedwith a news release to other papers, the wire services,etc. (some of them will be glad to tweak th e nose of theNYT by publishing news of the Garlic Award). If allelse fails, then we should consider being crude enoughto send cloves of garlic to the offending organization.One way or another well make our point." WalterJ. Lesiuk, Santa Monica, Calif., in a letter to theMedia Action Coalition. "As suggested by an article in The UkrainianWeekly I sent the following letter to: Arthur OchsSulzberger, Edward Klein, A.M. Rosenthal, SeymourTopping all of the New York Times." 'Re: Anti-Ukrainianism." 'The New York Times appears embarked on ananti-Ukrainianism format evidenced by your totallyignoring the historical omissions present in the Lucy S.Dawidowicz story on Babyn Yar. I urge you, as asubscriber to your paper, to print an explication ofMs . Dawidowicz ' s i nherent pr e judic i a l a t t i t ude ,t o w a r d s U k r a i n i a n s . ' " D o r o t h y G . Wylder,Tuxedo Park, N.Y., in a letter to the MAC. "At o ne point in his letter of August 30, 'The-Alternative to Palestinian Statehood,' George M.Raymond asserts that the world views Ukrainianseparatism in the Soviet Union with 'amusement.'Obvious ly , Mr . Raymond must t h ink tha t t heRussians live on Mars, since, historically, they haveviewed Ukra in i an separa t i sm wi th anyth ing butamusement ."F ear of Ukra in i an na t ional asp i r a t i on s has 'persistently driven the Russians to extreme m easures."Millions of Ukrainians were starved during the1930s. Mil l ions more were incarcerated in theinfamous gulags in the 1940s and 1950s. To this day,Ukra in i an d i ss ident s i nvar i ab ly r ece ive har shersentences than other critics of the regime."If there is any place for amusement, it lies with Mr.Raymond's apparent ignorance." Walter Zaryckyj,

New York, in a letter to the editor published in TheNew York Times. "I believe that Mr. G. M. Raymond's thesis onselective rights to the process of self-determination(Letters, August 30) suffers from a terminal defect. Itfails to address a very basic question: Who will decidehow these rights shall be disseminated?"To suggest that Ukraine, a nation of nearly 50million people, or for that matter any other peoples,should be denied the right to self-determination,simply because such an act might exacerbate 'separatist' movement in Turkey, Yugoslavia or Texas is purerubbish. Would Mr. Raymond have objected to thesigning of our Declaration of Independence because itmight have prompted Ireland to seek separation fromthe British Empire?"It is the relevance of power, be it political ormilitary, and the ability to mobilize it, that must berecognized as the decisive factor in any movement forself-determination. And it is in the context of this powerthat one might speculate as; to whether Ukrainians,Palestinians or any one else will or will not be able togain their independence. Such is the lesson of histor y."- The MAC, in a letter to the editor of The New YorkTimes. "... While using 'Russia' and 'Soviet Union'interchangeably may be technically inaccurate, we

believe that com mon a nd conversational usage makesthem acceptable . As you know, t he pr ac t i ce i scommon in magazines, newspapers, radio, televisionand in books. We do n ot believe the oversimplificationmisleads any reader or listener, which is the importantthing." Ben F . Phlegar, executive editor, U.S . NewsSi World Report, in a letter to Walter J. Lesiuk,Ukrainian Culture Center, Los Angeles.

"Thank you for the letter. I am pleased to hearconstructive criticism. Sometimes we fall into thepopular but less precise use of words such as referringto the Soviet Union as 'Russia'wh ich as you point outis wrong. T hanks for setting us straight on the use oft h e w o r d ' U k r a i n e . ' - Robert Sims, news director,KNX, CBS Radio, Los Angeles, in a letter to WalterLesiuk, Ukrainian Culture Center, Los Angeles. "In the April 11 article 'Teacher says image ofRuss i ans l a ckin g , ' Henry Ziegler is r epor t ed ascrediting mu ch of Ame ricans' distrust of the Sovietpeople to a lack of understanding, yet his owncomments reveal such a lack of understanding. ."Ziegler displays an apparent ignorance of themultinational cha racter of the Soviet Union. He seems

to make the Russians the total Soviet population andto equate Russia with the whole of the Soviet Union,where as, in point of fact, the Un ion of Soviet SocialistRepublics (US SR ), or Soviet Union for short, is aforced union between Russia and various non-Russiannations with Russia as the dominating nation. ..."Thus the concept of the Soviet Union as a singleRussian nation and inhabited only by Russians isfalse. Russia and the Russians are only part of theUSSR and not the totality. Equation of Russia withthe Soviet Union and the Russians with the Sovietpeople is patently inaccurate. Ziegler seems to makethat equat ion, and by doing so shows a lack ofunderstanding of Soviet society...." Allen B inckley,Colum bus, Ohio, in a letter to the editor published inThe Columbus Dispatch. "The annu al ritual of the Captive Nations Week

has come and gone, and so the time has come to reflecton what has transpired and o n the ways we can elevatethis ritualistic exercise into a living dedication to thecause of freedom."Proclamations were signed, parades took placeand speeches were made. But to what end? All of usknow well that the enslavement of these nations willcontinue and so will the suffering of Lithuanians,Ukrainians, Georgians, Jews and others. The Sovietgovernment dismisses such protests as meaninglessgestures of people who like to talk but not to act. Andthe enslavem ent of millions will continue as it has beenfor decades."Although we cannot liberate the Captive Nationsby military force, we nevertheless can do a lot morethan nothing. We can, for examp le, educate ourselveson the history, culture and current politics of thevarious Captive Nations, learning about the peopleand their aspirations. Even if each American wouldstudy just one Captive Nation we would be makingprogres s. It is far from being a futile gestu re because itaccomplishes two important object ives. We shal lbetter understand the reasons for these nations beingcaptive members of the Soviet empire. The secondbenefit shall be an improved understanding of theSoviet Union, which is essential if we ever hope tocounteract and stop its expansionist policies."I hope sincerely that the day will come whenAme ricans will begin to appreciate fully the happeningsbehind the Iron Curtain. Maybe then we shall at leaststop the embarrassing use of the term 'Russian ' forthose who inhabit the Soviet Union. For, how in theworld can we have Captive Nations, if all Sovietcitizens are 'Russ ians'?" Ivan Pelech, Morris Plains,N.J., in a letter to the editor of The Star-Ledger,

Newark, N.J. "I am writing in reference to your recent columnon the Rev. Billy G raham and his expressed opinionon religious freedom in the USSR."It is quite possible tha t Billy G raham did findreligious freedom in Russia. For the Russian Orthodox Church has all the governmental support and, assuch, is doing quite well. One is reminded of Alexius,the Patriarch of Moscow, who referred to Stalin as:'leader of all the Russians chosen by G od.'"However, there is more to the Soviet Union than

just Russia, as there is more to the issue of religiousfreedom in the USS R than just the Russian Orthod oxChurch. The fact is that half of the population of theUSSR is not Russian and most of them do notsubscr ibe to the Russian Orthodox fai th, Sovietgovernmental statistics and your persistence notw ithstanding."A case in point are the Ukrainian Catholic andOrthodox Churches. For while many other religiouspractices in the USSR are openly discouraged andsystematically persecuted, it is the Ukrainian Catholicand Orthodo x faiths that have the unique distinctionof being totally eradicated by the,Soviet governmentand forcefully replaced with Russian Orthodoxy.A uniqueness tha t has no parallel in modern h istory...."In conclusion, one question please. How do yousuppose them the re nukes will wipe out every bloodyRussian 10 times over and yet miss all the non-Russians in the U SSR? Don't you think it is a mightytall order even for our highly sophisticated technology?" - The MAC, in a letter to William F . BuckleyJr., The National Review. "But I wouldn't want o ur nukes to kill just

Russians. In the event of war , I 'd want to getG eorgians (like Stalin), Poles (like Dzerzhinsk y),Ukrainians (like Brezhnev), and anybody else who wasdoing the Com munists ' work." - William F . BuckleyJr., in a letter to the MAC. "Thank you for that tremendo us letter. Your sureknow how to write them."I do hate to be a pest, but I am afraid that you areagain i n er ror . Brezhnev i s not , as you s t a t ed ,Ukra inian. His nationality is Russian. Th is fact can bereadily verified in th e published listings of depu ties tothe Supreme S oviet of the U SSR. Also, in the enclosedar t icle you wil l f ind a reference to Brezhnev'snationality. It comes, so to speak, directly from thehorse's mouth. ..."Hie point 1 am trying to m ake is as follows:Irrespective of whether we are going to love them or

nuke them, the subject matter of the USSR and itspeople deserves to be treated with a much greaterdegree of accuracy than we tend to assign to it. Thesurvival of pur nation m ay well depend on it ." Th e"MAC in a letter to William F. Buckley Jr. "I am comm unicating with you in reference to thetwo statements you made on nat ional televisionregarding religious freedom in the Soviet Union andyour receiving disapp roval from only 1 percent ofthose who wrote you."On Apri l 11, 1945, the Russian C omm unistsimplemented a diabolical plan to destroy the influenceof the Catholic Church over the 7 million westernUkrainians fai thful to the Holy See. Overnightarchbishops and bishops were arrested: the metrop olitan of Halych, Count Andrey Sheptytsky, died a fewhours after his interrogation by the Russian secretpolice; the archbishop of Lviv, Josyf Slipyj, wasimprisoned on April 11, 1945, and sentenced to forcedlabor in Siberia; the bishop of Stanyslaviv, GregoryKh omyshyn, was also imprisoned on April 11, 1945,and died for the Ca tholic faith in 1946. Others whodied during their imprisonment were: the bishop ofAdada, Ivan Latyshevsky, luxiliary of Stanyslaviv;the bishop of Peremyshl, Josaphat Kotsylovsky; thebishop of Daonie, Gregory Lakota; the bishop ofLebedo, Mykola C hame tsky; the bishop of Uzhhorod,T. Romzha; the bishop of Arpsa, Pavlo Goydych.andthe b i shop of Midil a, Vasyl ."Furthe rmore , all five dioceses were liquidated. Thesecular and r egular c l ergy were impr i soned ordisp ersed . Alii religious hous es, schools, C atholicassociations, Catholic press and Catholic publishinghouses were suppressed. ..."Such persecut ion of rel igion exists up to thepresent day. The only Church tha t exists in the SovietUnion is the state-controlled Church the one yousaw and had dealings with. If such statements as yourswere made by an illiterate person, I would not eventwaste my time in answering. B ut a man of your calibershould be very careful of what he says. The RussianCommunists themselves could not have done moredamage to the United States and foreign relations thany o u r s t a t e m e n t s h a v e d o n e . " Alexander S a s -Jaworsky, Abbeville, La., in a letter to the Rev. BillyGraham, Minneapol is.


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N a 4 1 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 1 0 . 1 9 8 2 11

60 0 a ttend women's pa rley...ccome any inherent difficulties and stillmaintain their Ukrainian identity andUkrainian social life. They stressed theimportance of making the non-Ukrainian partner in a mixed marriage feelwelcome and comfortable in the Ukrainian community.Ms. Melnyk then read a presentationby Natalka Mason Gawdiak, a non-Ukrainian who married a Ukrainianand who could not attend the conference. Ms. Gawdiak, of Irish background, said she was made to feel at easeby her in-laws, adding that she considersherself a real part of the Ukrainiancommunity.Three panels got under way at 5 p.m. "Working Women," "UkrainianLanguage in Two Worlds," and "TheCreative Process: Problems and Challenges of Today's Women Artists."The "Working Women" panel washeld in the Veselka bar, and was moderated by Ksenia Dragan. Some 120people attended the panel, which wasone of the few given in Ukrainian andEnglish.The first panelist, Maria Helbig of

Scope Travel, spoke about the difficulties, both financial and social, encountered by women opening up theirown business. She recommended thatwomen first work in the area they areinterested in b efore venturing time andmoney on opening a business, and shesuggested that women seek professionaladvice, although she cautioned thatmost services are expensive.Among the financial obstacles encountered, she said, was the reluctanceof many banks to give business loans towom en. S he said this was especially truefor Ukrainian banks and lending institutions. She also listed the advantagesand disadvantages of having a Ukrainian clientele, concluding that it has

been beneficial for her business.Next to speak was Olia Lewitsky, ateacher, who spoke about the difficulties inherent in starting a career later inlife and with a husband and family.After recounting her own experiences inreturning to school, juggling studyingand housework and finally attaining hergoal , Ms. Lewitsky concluded thatperhaps it would be somewhat easier tolaunch a career first before embarkingon family commitments.The third panelist was lawyer Christine Zelekiwsky, who spoke about theproblem of a career woman whosehusband a lso has a career that demandsa lot of time and energy. Noting that her

husband is also a lawyer, M s. Zelekiwsky discussed such issues as sex discrimination and harassment on the job ,noting that she became a lawyer ratherthan an artist as planned because shewanted to be in a position to better dealwith such issues.She added that even though womennow have many career opportunities,they still receive less money than menfor their work and often have to worktwice as hard for the same recognition.This fact, she went on, has led to a"superwoman" syndrome, which hasresulted in overwork, a jump in alcoholism, stress-related diseases and suicideamong career women over the lastdecade."Women feel that they have to bringhome the bacon , cook it and still be sexyfor their husbands," said Ms. Zelekiwsky in summing up the "superwoman"syndrome.The final panelist was Dr. PatriciaPolovy, a psychologist and professor atSt. John's University, who discussed thepsychological and sociological aspectsof the working Ukrainian woman. Shesaid that women should pursue their

career go als as part of their self-identity.Am ong the topics talked about duringthe discussion period w as the need to setup some type of support group thatwould facilitate the incorporation intothe work force of wom en w ho havespent many years as homemakers.The Main House lounge was the siteof the "Ukrainian Language in TwoWorlds" panel which w as moderated byRoma Dyhdalo. Panelists Olia Lisiw-sky, Oka H and Joanna Ratycz,who spoke on the importance of maintaining the Ukrainian language and thedifficulties associated with such efforts,as well as about the development oflanguage skills in children.

They said the community shouldnot, however, shun those that do notspeak Ukrainian, and advised parentsto set a good example by speakingUkrainian in the home rather thanadm onishing and sco lding their childrenfor not speaking the language.In introducing the women artistspanel, moderator Natalka Pohrebinskysaid that the artist must know herselfand must experience what she creates.Panelists were Oksana Polon, a batikartist, Aka Perejma, a painter, and MariaShust of The Ukrainian Museum inNew York.Ms. Shust talked about the preservation of Ukrainian c

the ukrainian weekly 1982-41

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