the ukrainian weekly 1982-40

8/14/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1982-40

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V o U N o .40 T H EUKRAIN IAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3 ,1 98 2 25 cents

Pope appoin ts Marusyn secre taryof Oriental Churches congregat ion

VATICAN CITY - Pope John PaulII named Bishop Myroslav Marusynt i tu la r a rchbishop of Cadeun andappointed him the secretary of theSacred Con grega tion for Oriental

Churches on Saturday, September 25,reported America, the Ukrainian Catholic daily newspaper.

Prior to his appointment, ArchbishopMarusyn was the apostolic visitator forUkrainian Catholics in the Beneluxcountries and for Ukrainian Catholicswithout an exarchate.

Archbishop Marusyn has alreadytaken on the duties of the secretary ofthe Eastern Congregation, a positionthat was vacated by Archbishop M arioBrini . The congregation, currentlybeaded by Cardinal Wladislaw Rubin,has existed for 65 years. During thistime, .there have.been pnly two otherhierarchs o f the Eastern R ite — a Greek

and a Melkite - who held the positionof secretary.

Archbishop Marusyn's appointmentmarks the first time in history that aUkrainian holds such a high position inthe Roman Curia.

Upon receiving news of the archbishop's new position, the hierarchs ofthe Ukrainian Catholic Church, including Archbishop-Metropolitan StephenSulyk, Bishops B asil Losten and Innocent Lotocky and Auxiliary BishopRobert Moskal, who were gathered inPhiladelphia for the 70th anniversarycelebration of the Providence Association, sent a congratulatory telegram toRome.

It was also reported that the VeryRev. George Mylanyk h as retired as theundersecretary o f the Sacred Congregation for Oriental Churches. Msgr.Mario Rizzi now holds this position.

Patriarch's pastoral letter urgesC hristian and national maturity

ROM E - Oh the occasions of the issued a pastoral letter that calls on allFeast of St. MaryTthe Protectress and Ukrainians to strive toward both Chris-the 40th anniversary of the found ing of tian and national maturity.

- the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UP A), The patriarch asks all Ukrainians toPatriarch Josyf S lipyj of the "P o- cast aside their reUgious and politicalmisna" Ukrainian Catholic Church differences and to unite in the spirit of

brotherly love and forgiveness. He asksall clergy and faithful brethren to praytogether on the Feast of St Mary theProtectress, a holy day that bringstogether all the sons and daughters ofthe Ukrainian nation.

The pastoral letter goes on to say:"Particularly this year, the feast daytakes on an even greater meaning; thisyear it coincides with the 40th anniversary of the founding of the UkrainianInsurgent Army, the last all-nationaleffort to free Ukraine from its enemies.This army sprang up in the hope to freeUkraine, the homeland, from its enemies; it was a manifestation of love forone's country."

The pastoral letter also stressed love."Love for your motherland, based onlove for God, blends together into onegreat love; this love should be active,alert Love without action, like faithwithout action is dead. The words from

the First Epistle of St. John (3,1 8) 'Mylittle children, let us not love in word,neither in tongue, but in deed and intruth', reflects every kind of love in cluding love toward one's motherland," thepatriarch writes.

He also notes: "A good patriot is aperson who is, first and foremost justand noble and gives of himself withoutprofit. Work on the improvement ofyour heart and soul should bind the love

(Coatfaatd oa pap If)

Krasivska arrested in LvivNEW YORK - Ukrainian dissident

Olena Antoniv Krasivska, who was thesubject of a defamatory article in theAugust 18 issue of a Comm unist Partynewspaper, was arrested shortly afterthe story appeared, according to human-rights groups here.

The exact date of the arrest and thenature of the charges against her are notknown.

Ms. Krasivska, 45, was accused in astory published in Vilna Ukraina, a Lvivdaily, of stealing money from theRussian Social Fund, which was established by author Alexander Solzhe-nitsyn before his exile to aid families ofSoviet political prisoners.

The article charged that Ms. Kra-sivka, who managed the fund in Ukraine,did not distribute the money to dissidents or their families, but spent it onlavish living, fancy cafes and restaurants. ,, ' .

. In a three-pronged attack, the articleassailed Ms. Krasivska's character, thefinancing of the fund and its intendedbenefactors, and what it called theulterior motives behind dissent in theSoviet Union.

Ms. Krasivska, the art icle said,became a dissident ou t of "egoism," andpilfered monies from the fund for herown material gain. The fund itself,which depends on private funds, is inreality financed by the CIA and otherU.S. government agencies, the papersaid.

The recipients of the fund, amongthem prominent Ukrainian dissidentsIvan HeL Kateryna Zarytska and My-khailo Osadchy, were described by thepaper as '^nti-Soviet i? Ukrainian nationalists.

Referring to what it said were Ms.Krasivska's private records, the papersaid that they show that Ms. Krasivskab i l k e d s e v e r a l d i s s i d e n t s o fthe amounts they were entitled to

Olena Antoniv Krasivska

receive. As further "proof," the paperprinted what it said were direct quotesfrom Ms. Zarytska, Mrs. Н е ї and Mr.Osadchy, each saying that they neverreceived any money.

On hearing of Ms. Krasivska's arrest,Natalia Solzhenitsyn, wife of the Nobellaureate and president of the RussianSocial Fund, issued a statement refuting the charges brought up in the article.

T h e authorities are trying to drive awedge between Ukrainians and Russians," she said, "because they aredeathly afraid of any solidarity that mayexist am ong hon est people against their

despicable regime, which is an enemy ofall people."Ms. Krasivska is married to Ukrai

nian Helsinki monitor Zinoviy Krasiv-sky, w ho is currently in the second yearof a five-year internal exile sentence.

HUD g ra n t s ^6.7 mi ll io n loa nfo r Ukr a in i a n s e n i o r s ' h o u s in g

v . v Patriarch Josyf

WARR EN, Mich. - The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development on September 22 awardedS6.7 million to a non-profit Ukrainiancorporation for the building of housingfor the elderly.

The Ukrainian Village "Non-ProfitHousing Corporation was given approval by HUD for a 56,737,000 low-interest loan for the project. It was thelargest such grant ever awarded inMichigan.

The grant is one of eight awarded thisyear to projects in the state of M ichigan.

It was obtained with the aid of Rep.Dennis Hertel, Warren Mayor JamesRandlett, the Rev. Bernard Panczuk

and various church and communityorganizations of Metropolitan Detroit.

Messages of congratulations on thereceipt of the grant were sent to theUkrainian Village Corporation by Sen.Donald Riegle.Rep. Hertel and MayorRandlett. .

The corporation, which has workedfor 15 years on finalizing the project,plans to build 146 units of housing forthe elderly on a seven-acre site inWarren, which ha s a sizeable Ukrainianpopulation.

The non-profit body was organizedon the initiative of the Detroit RegionalCouncil of the Ukrainian NationalWomen's League of America.



T H E U KR A I N I A N W E E K LVSUND AY , OCTOBER3 . 1 9 8 2 N o. 4 0

Dissident p r o f i l e

Y uriy Badzio:among the vanguard

JERSEY CITY, N.J. - Since thatday in 1965 when he joine d U krainia ndissidents Ivan Dziubaand MykhailynaKotsiubynska in disrupting a screening

at Kiev's Uk raine film theater to protestthe destruction of Ukrainian cultureand the mass arrests of Ukrainian

'intellectuals, Yuriy Badzio's name hasbeen inextricably linked with Ukrainiannationalism and dissent.

Today , M r. B adzio is in the third yearof a seven-year labor camp and prisonterm, which will be followed by fiveyears of forced internal exile.

Yuriy Badzio was born on April 24,1936, in Verkhna Lypytsia in the M uka-chiv region of Transcarpathian Ukraine.In 1953 he graduated with honors fromsecondary school and enrolled as astudent of Ukrainian philology atUzhhorod University. After graduatingin 19S8 he worked as a principal of a

school in the Mukachiv region.Since 1960 he has been a candidate at

the Academy of Science of the Ukrainian SSR for a doctoral degree inUkrainian literature.

Following the protest at the Ukrainatheater, Mr. Badzio was stripped of hismembership in the Communist Party, aprocedure which took nearly10months.He was forced to work loading breadonto delivery trucks.

In thei970s, Mr. Badzio was workingon his book, "The Right to L ive," asocio-historical analysis of the right of

Ukra in ian na t ionhood. He becameknown to the W est in 1972 for his"Unpublished Letter" to the membersof the presidium of the Ukrainian

Writers' Union, the Literaturna Ukrainamagazine and to the delegates of thesixth conference of the UkrainianWriters' Union.

In 1978, the KGB conducted a searchof Mr. Badzio's apartment. Variousitems, including material for his thesison national and political problems,were confiscated. In March 1979anothersearch was conducted in Mr. Badzio'sapartment.

Shortly after, on April 23, 1979, Mr.Badzio was arreste d in Kiev and chargedwith "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" under Article 62 of the Ukrainian Criminal Code.

In mid-December of that year he wassentenced to seven year s' imprisonmentand five years' exile. In a series ofappeals to Western organizations inearly 1980, Svitliana Kyrychenko, Mr.Badzio's wife, highlighted what shecalled irregularities in her husband'scase, including the changing of testimony and outright fabrications by theprosecution.

One of several examples of irregularities cited by M s. Kyrychenko d ealt witha copy of Mr. Dziuba's controversialbook, "Internationalism or R us sif iotion?" which the prosecution claimedwas seen in Mr. Badzio's apartment 10

Yuriy Badzio shortly before hisarrest in1979.

years earlier, in 1969, by a KGB operative. Yet, a second exhaustive search in1972 did not turn up the book, and therewere no witnesses to corroborate theKGB operative's statement.

Ms. Kyrychenko also noted that in1972, the KGB confiscated a copy ofMr. Badzio's "Unpublished Letter, "butdid not consider it a dangerous anti-Soviet document until1979, when it wasused as evidence against Mr. Badzioduring his closed trial.

Mr. Badzio was ultimately chargedwith having "harbored for dissemination" such "anti-Soviet" material asMykola Rudenko's "Economic Monologues," and having "prepared" and

"disseminated" such "ant i -Sovie t"material as the second manuscript of"The Right to Live."

Earlier this year, samvydav documents reaching the West from Ukraineindicated that Mr. Badzio had gone onthree separate hunger-strikes in 1981 toprotest his arrest. In a statement from aMordovian labor camp dated February22 , 1981, Mr. Bad zio anno unced athree-day fast to protest "the dictator

ship of the Communist Party of theSoviet Union (CPSU), violations ofhuman rights in the USSR and the rightto national sovereignty" for non-Russian nations.

The hunger strike was called tocoincide with the 26th Congress of theCPSU, Mr. Badzio said.

The second, dated April IS,1981, wasaddressed to French Communist Partyleader Georges Marchais on the eve ofthe French federal election. In it, Mr.Badzio accused the Soviet governmentof contravening the Marxist ideology itpurports to espouse, democratic principles such as political freedom, publicparticipation in government, freedomof the press and the right to form

opposition parties.The purpose of his statement, Mr.

Badzio wrote, was to alert the FrenchCommunists, the working class and theentire French nation to Soviet violations of human and national rights.

The third statement received in theWest was dated April22,1981. In it Mr.Badzio assails the Soviet government'sintepreta tion of Article 62 of the Ukrainian Criminal Co de, the catch-all "anti-Soviet agitation and propagand a."

Mr. Badzio argued that since Article(Continued on page 15)

Shcharansky declares hunger strikeWASHINGTO N - Imprisoned Soviet dissident Anatoly Shcha ranskybegan an indefinite hunger strike onSeptember 27 because of repeatedconf isca t ion of h is mai l , repor tedReuters news service.

Mr. Shcharansky's mother, Ida М ІІ-grom, said she had not been able to sendany letters since last December.

Mrs. Milgrom told reporters that shefeared that her son could die from theeffects of a prolonged fast because hewas still weak from a six-month periodof solitary confinement last year.

Alan Romberg, a spokesman for theState Department here said: "We wish

to emphasize how thoroughly we deplore the Soviet authorit ies 'willful

abuse of Mr. Shcharansky's rightswhich has led to this desperate decision.We call on Soviet authorities to reconsider their treatment of Mr. Shcharansky and restore his ability to be allowedto communicate with friends and relatives."

Mr. Shcharansky, 34, is currently inChistopol prison in the Tatar ASSR.He was accused of spying for the CIAand sentenced to 13 years in prison andlabor camp in 1977. Mr. Shcharanskywas a founding member of the recentlydisbanded Moscow Helsinki Group,which monitored Soviet compliancewith the human-rights p rovisions of the

1975 Helsinki Accord s from 1976 untillast month.

U.S. citizenin Soviet jail plansfast;wife asks Reaganfo r assistance

Report KGBinfiltrationof peace groups

BROOKLYN, N. Y. - The wife of aLithuanian political prisoner whoseU.S. citizenship has been verified by theState Department, recently appealed toPresident Ronald Reagan to help herand her family emigrate to the UnitedStates, reported the Lithuanian Information Center here.

In a letter to the president, IrenaSkuodis made the appeal on behalf ofher husband, Vytautas Skuodis, who in1980 was sentenced to seven years in astrict-regimen camp and five years 'internal exile for "anti-Soviet agitationand propaganda."

A U .S. citizen, he was born BenedictSco tt in Chicago in 1929, but wasbrought to Lithuania by his parentsas asmall child. Mr. Skuodis is a geologistby profession, and he is the auth or of a

book, "Spiritual Genocide in Lithuania,"and several samvydav appeals.

In her letter to Mr. Reagan, Mrs.Skuodis wrote that persecution of herfamily includes constant surveillance byauthorities and threats to her and herdaughte rs, Giedra and Daiva, who havefaced job discrimination.

She asked the president to allow theentire family to come to the country ofher husband's birth.

Meanwhile, a recent issue of theunderground Chronicle of the CatholicChurch in Lithuania has reported thatMr. Skuodis suffered a mild heartattack in early summer while on ahunger strike. According to the story,Mr. Skuodis has pledged to stage ahunger strike each June15 to protest theSoviet occupation of Lithuania.

NEW YORK - Five KGB agentsposing as Soviet diplomats have infiltrated the American nuclear freezemovement in order to manipulate it forSoviet purposes, according to an articlein the October issue of Reader's Digest.

The article said the Soviets — threeU.N. diplomats, the deputy director ofthe Institute for the U.S.A. and C anadain M oscow and a counselor at theSoviet embassy in Washington — have

partic ipated in disarm amen t conferences at Georgetown and Harvarduniversities and Riverside Church here.

The Soviets are identified as SergeiParamanov, Vladimir Shustov andSergei Divilkovsky, diplomats-at theUnited Nations, Radomir Bogdanov ofthe Institute for the U.S.A. and Canada,and Yuri Kapralov, an embassy counselor.

Mr. Kapralov attended the firstnational strategy conference of theAmerican "Nuclear Freeze Campaign"

at Georgetown in March 1981.He also appeared at the inauguration

of the disarmament program at theRiverside Church and has spoken atdisarmament forums at American universities, including Harvard.

The KGB bureau in New York concentrated most of its manpower on thefreeze campaign, and U.S. counterin-telligence has identified more than 20Soviet agents who have tried to in

fluence elements of the peace movement, the article said.Experts here have long suspected th at

the Soviets had managed to infiltratethe nuclear freeze movement in theWest in the hope of directing its effortstowards the United States and awayfrom Soviet nuclear policies.

At the same time, the Kremlin hascracked down on the only independentdisarmame nt gr oup in the Soviet Union,arresting several activists and warningothers to drop their activities.

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No. 4 0 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3 , 1 9 8 2 3

C IA : Kremlin's fear of possible unrestin Ukraine led to Polish crackdownWASH INGTON - Fear that the

Solidarity labor movement in Poland could spill over into Ukrainewas "the real reason" for the Kremlin-instigated crackdown in Poland,according to syndicated columnistJack Anderson.

Citing secret CIA reports, Mr.Anderson said in his column this pastweek that Moscow was extremelyconcerned about the possibility thata free labor movement, combinedwith persistent Ukrainian nationalism, could result in widespreadinstability in the large, industrialrepublic.

"The Ukrainians possess characteristics which, taken together, givethem a unique position among Sovietminorities,'' states the CIA report."Some of these features — the cohe-siveness of the Ukrainian population, the econ omic significance of thearea, the historica l longevity of

Ukraine as a distinct ethnic community conscious of an independentcultural heritage, and Ukraine'ssusceptibility to Western culturalinfluences - would seem to increasethe ability of the Ukrainians to resistRussification pressures.''

According to Mr. Anderson, analysts also point out that, like Poland(of which western Ukraine was a partbefore World War II), Ukraine haslarge iron and coal industries.

According to the CIA report:"Those kinds of industries havecreated the same sorts of laborproblems as they did in Poland,including.long hours, six-day weeksand unsafe working cond itions."

In time, the analysis suggests, "themood could develop" among Ukrainians to imitate Solidarity.

Even though Ukrainians often areentrusted with important p ositions ingovernment and industry, "they arestill not trusted to withstand the sirensong of Ukrainian nationalism,"wrote Mr. Anderson referring to theCIA findings.

He noted that during World WarII, many U krainian volunteers foughtwith the Germans against the Red

Army."In 1968, the decisive factor in theKremlin's decision to invade Czech oslovakia was fear that the liberalizingeffects of the 'Prague spring' wouldspread across the border into U-kraine," according to Mr. Anderson.

NJ. programto honor Wal lenberg

Chrys le r cha i rman launches res to ra t ion p ro jec tfo r E l l i s I s l and , S ta tueof Liber ty

by Andrew Keybida

NEW YORK - Lee. A. Iacocca,chairman of a White House com missionto restore and preserve the Statue ofLiberty and Ellis Island, launched anational campaign to raise some S230million during a September 16 ceremony in Manhattan's Battery Park,which overlooks America's two greatsymbols of freedom.

Sharing the platform with Mr.Iacocca, with the two American landmarks as background, were representatives of som e 50 different ethnic organ izations, many of whom are among the16 million immigrants who came to theUnited States through Ellis Island.

Among the invited representativeswere: John O. Flis, supreme president

of the Ukrainian National Associationand Andrew Keybida, member of theN.J. Ethnic Advisory Council.

Both the Statue of Liberty and EllisIsland are managed by th^ NationalPark Service, and a commission wascreated to raise money and coordinateprivate activities with the Park Servicein the repair and restoration project.Last May 18, President Reagan appointed Mr. Iacocca, chairman ofChrysler Corporation, to head theStatue of Liberty-Ellis Island Centennial Commission.

Mr. Iacocca stated that as a son ofItalian immigrants who passed throughEllis Island, the restoration w ill serve asa reaffirmation of that heritage. He alsosaid that, in spite of some voices thatwould have everyone to believe otherwise, we Americans have a heritage ofpride in workmanship, of the dignity oflabor and of the value of hard work.

Mr. Iacocca said: "Many of us haveparents or grandparents who wereamong the millions of people who camethrough Ellis Island on their way to anew life in a new land. If they w ere likemy parents, they came to this countrywith very little in the way to money or

Lee A. Iacocca

possessions. But they had hope and theyhad enormous perseverance! Theywanted to work and they took pride inthat work. They built new neighborhoods, churches and schools. Theynurtured in their children a sense ofpride arid dignity and they turned toproviding help to others less fortunatethan they."

"I hope Americans will come tounderstand that those monuments notonly symbolize a heritage of freedombut they symbolize each of the 16million people who poured into thiscountry between 1892 and 1954. Theysymbolize the courage and faith thosepeople passed o n to their children. Theysymbolize the energy and vitality thatthose immigrants gave to the Americandream."

"If that isn4 w orth preserving, 1 don'tknow w hat is," he said.

NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. - RaoulWallenberg, the Swedish diplomatcredited with saving more than 100,000Hungarian Jews from Nazi gas chambersbefore disappearing in Budapest afterthe war, will be honored with a specialprogram here on October 5.

The program, jointly sponsored byrepresentatives of the Scandinavian,

Jewish and Hungarian communities ofMiddlesex County, will be held at theVoorhces Chapel on the Douglas Collegecampus beginning at 8 p.m.

The special tribute will feature appearances by authors, public figuresand diplomats who worked with Mr.Wallenberg. October 5 was chosen tohonor the Swede because on that daylast year President Ronald Reaganmade Mr. Wallenberg an honorarycitizen of the United States, a distinction granted to only two otherpersons, Winston Churchill and Lafayette.

During the end of World War II, Mr.Wallenberg, a member of an aristocraticSwedish family, used hastily prepared

Swedish passports to save condemnedHungarian Jews, at times literallyyanking them off death-camp transportlines and spiriting them away to rentedsafe houses flying the Swedish flag.

When S oviet forces entered Budapestin 1945, they seized and imprisoned Mr.Wallenberg, fearing that he was a U.S.spy. He has not been heard from since.There have been persistent claims thatMr. Wallenberg has been positivelyidentified as a Soviet prisoner by formerinmates of Soviet labor camps despiteSoviet counter-claims that the heroicSwede died of natural causes in a Sovietprison in the 1950s.

In addition to the honor bestowed byMr. Reagan, both Congress and theNew Jersey State Legislature havepassed resolutions calling for October 5to be recognized as Raoul WallenbergDay.

The New Brunswick program willinclude an appearance by author PerAnger, who spent time with Mr. Wallenberg during his days in Budapest,and who wrote "With Wallenberg inBudapest."

Also on hand will be Dr. HarveyRos enfeld, author of the recentlypublished "Raoul Wallenberg: Angel ofRescue." There will also be a specialmusical program in honor of Mr.Wallenberg, featuring noted bass-

baritone Paul Plishka of the Metropolitan Opera in New York.

Also appearing will be the KodalyChorus, a Hungarian musical group.

Tickets for the program are nowavailable at the American HungarianFoundation in New Brunswick, theScandinavian Amer ican Her i tageSociety in Edison, the Jewish Federa

tion of Northern Middlesex County inEdison, the Jewish Federation of Rari-tan Valley in Highland Park, and theGreater Monmouth County JewishFederation in Deal Park.

General admission tickets are S5 perperson, but a patron ticket at S25entitles the holder to special seating anda program listing. Tickets may bepurchased at the door or by contactingone of the sponsor organizations.

Additional information about theprograms or tickets may be ob tained byca l l ing the Am er ican H unga r ianFoundation at (201) 846-5777.

Museum awardedФ 20.053 grant

NEW YORK - Director MariaShust announced that The UkrainianMuseum had received a 520,053 grantfrom the institute of M useum Services, afederal agency that administers to thenation's museums.

This is the second consecutive yearthat a portion of the museum's generaloperating funds for this fiscal year wasprovided by a general operating supportgrant from the IMS.

The alloca tion of 520,053 is themaximum possible for The UkrainianMuseum under IMS guidelines. Themaximum allocations are 10 percent ofan operating budget, not in excess of535,000. Last year, the IMS had awarded The Ukrainian Museum with thepossible maximum of 515,932.

The Ukrainian Museum was selectedfrom a field of 1,141 a pplicatio nssubmitted by museums in every state,the D istrict of Columbia and the VirginIslands.

In her letter the director of theInstitute of Museum Services, LillaTower, wrote: "I congratulate you onreceiving this award. It is an indicationof the quality of your museum and of itsservice to your community and to the"nation."

Plans under way to createUkrainian professionals society

JERSEY CITY, N.J. - A group ofUkrainians from the New Jersey/NewYork area recently agreed to worktoward establishing an organization ofUkrainian professionals and business-persons.

The organization, which is envisioned as a community rather than a professional association, has set as its majortask the formation of a new network ofUkrainian Americans who togetherwould pursue social, community and

public-affairs go als.Among these goals are: expansion ofacquaintances, discussion of community problems and needs, and promotion of the interests of the UkrainianAmerican community at large.

Groups of Ukrainians in Philadelphia and Washington have also expressed interest in such an organization.

A name has not yet been selected forthe fledgling association, but it has beendecided by the core group of some 30members that the name would include

the terms "Ukrainian American," "professionals" and "businesspersons." Theassociation is designed to encompassUkrainian professionals and business-persons, as well as their Ukrainian ornon-Ukrainian spouses. Membership isobtainable through sponsorship by twoexisting members.

The present members include scientists, teachers, writers, journalists,dentists, physicians, lawyers, business-persons and others.

Discussions about the formation ofsuch an association have been underway since January, and in June a groupof interested persons elected a steeringcommittee to coordinate the group'sactivity during its organizational stages.

Formal elections of officers will beheld in early 1983.

The organization has already held anumber of meetings, and several guestspeakers have addressed the members.Among them were: Ihor Bardyn, who

(Continu ed on pa jt 13)



4 T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E KLY S U N D AY, O C TO B ER 3 , 1 9 8 2 No. 40

C onquest , W arn discuss H arvard m onograph on 1 9 3 3 fam ineCAM BRIDGE , Mass. - Few if any

of the projects undertaken at theHarvard Ukrainian Research Institutehave so captivated the UkrainianAmerican public as the forthcomingpublication on the famine of 1933.

The project was initiated in 1980 bythe Ukrainian Studies Fund. As envisioned by the USF, a monographwould be published in 1983 in observance of the 50th anniversary of thefamine which claimed the lives ofseveral million Ukrainians. The publication wo uld be the first major scholarlyassessment of the famine and wouldserve as a groundbreaking work forfurther study of the era. It is beingprepared with the financial support ofthe Ukrainian National Association.

The Harvard Ukrainian ResearchInstitute became involved in the project as part of its commitment tomaintain an exacting standard of excellence in research and scholarly worksin Ukrainian studies. Prof. AdamUlam, a Harvard specialist on the Stalinperiod, was appointed by the HURI tofind an author for the project. In Aprilof 1981, Prof. Ulam recommended theeminent author and scholar RobertConquest as the person best suited tothe task. Prof. Conquest has writtenmore than a dozen monographs on theSoviet Union, among them the highlyacclaimed "The Great Terror."

In May of 1981, Prof. Conques tagreed to join the project. At that time,the contracting parties agreed that Prof.Conquest would work on the publication at the Hoover Institute in California, where he serves as curator, whilehis junior collaborator, Dr. JamesMace, would conduct research on theproject at Harvard.

Since the spring of 1981, the Ukrai

nian community has been kept up todate on the research being done on thepublication through regular press releases and a cross-country series ofspeaking engagements by Dr. Mace. Inhis talks, Dr. Mace has stressed that thefamine can be understood only in thecontext of the Soviet Ukrainian experience from the revolution to 1933. Asfor the publication itself, Prof. Conquest outlined its general format at apublic seminar he presented at Harvardthis spring.

More recently, in answer to a numberof queries contained in a letter fromProf. Ulam, Prof. Conquest gave ageneral outline of the monograph thathe is preparing. What follows areexcerpts from their correspondenceprovided by the HURI. "

CONQUEST: Before dealing withyour more general points, let me saythat the core and essence of the book isthe terror-famine which was largely(and designedly) confined to Ukraine —and its outlier, the Kuban.

The central scene of the book, whichall the rest leads up to or develops from,is a broad, cumulative and detaileddescription of the Ukrainian countryside in that frightful summer when itwas all one vast Belsen.

Naturally, the complete context ofcollectivization and dekulakization as apolicy for the USSR as a whole will bethorougly covered, and so will thepoli t ical motivations of Marxism-Leninism in the agrarian field, and thespecific developments of political decisions and maneuvers in Moscow.

ULAM: I was very much impressed,as you undoubtedly know, w ith boththe substance and method of your"Great Terror. "Now, do you eel that in

Dr. Robert G. Conquestthis case your approach will be more orless the same, or is the scope and subjectof the work of quite a different nature?

CON QUEST: Yes, I do envisage theboo k as being of the same general typeas T h e Great Terror." That is, "TheGreat Terror" told the story of thesecond main fo undation o f the Stalinist regime, the present boo k w ill tell the storyof the first. There are obvious differences- for example in that the investigationsof obscure political identities andelements of the political struggle in1936-8 are not really paralleled in 1929-33; abo ve all the empha sis in the earlierperiod is far more strongly on thepopulation as Stalin's target, as againstthe Yezhov purge's extension also to theruling party, police and army elite.

On the other hand, in both cases therehad never been a history written: otherbooks ofgreat interest, documentation,economic analysis, and so forth exist,but no t a history properly speaking. Asyou know, I see the writing o f history, asagainst historiography, as work which,while never relaxing the rigors ofaccuracy and research, is above all abalanced, full and comprehensive narrative for the educated, non-specialistreader. For lack of such, I think theterror-famine has not really establisheditself in the pu blic mind — as it shou ldboth on moral and intellectual groundsof a general sort, and because of the verygreat and continuing intrinsic significance of the subject.

ULAM: How prominently will the

economic component of the questionfigure in your work? In other words, Idon t know whether you feel the way Ido, but one of the most fascinatingaspects of the subject when Iwas doingwork on a related theme was the question of how contrived the famine w as,and I or how much it was due to mostlyeconomic and natural causes. Thiswould seem to me to be one of the mostimportant aspects of the whole thing,and I wonder whether you share myopinion.

CONQ UEST: The economic side willof course be covered - a n d fortunately,the past decade has seen sensible,though expert, eco nom ic treatment byKarcz, Lewin and others. And this

sphere can and must be clearly andcomprehensively put, without too muchstodginess. But as to the causes of thefamine, it can be shown that it was dueto co nscious po litical decision. Indeed,the fact of its limitation largely toUkraine was owing to special grainquo tas for that republic, whose excessivenature was clearly and o ften brought toMoscow's attention; and it was carriedout pan passu (side-by-sidej with thepurge of Ukrainian culture. (I wond er if

B. Ulamyou can remember the exact wordingand source of a remark of Lenin's that"the national problem is essentially apeasant problem"?)

But the economic point raises thewhole question of Communist economic motivation and strategy at the time.Above all, we are often told of thePreobrazhenski idea of financing industrialization from the product of thepeasants. This can be done— asin MeijiJapan — but only by seeing that suitableconsumer goods are pari passu madeavailable to the peasant. Mere excessrequisition (as had been seen in 1921)results in one-shot, and even then notvery great availability, of the peasantproduct, plus a reduction in sowingarea, and so forth.

Moreover the whole operation wasfar less "rational" than such notionspresuppose. Indeed, it was part of theconditions of crash collectivization thatit was not given any real planningpreparation, for it had to be sprung as asurprise and h ustled thro ugh the CentralCommittee by mere instant politicalpressure.

ULAM: m connection with the above,if there was a con siderable political and

contrived elem ent in the famine, as wellas in c ollectivization policiesin general,what, precisely, could have been thereasons that impelled Stalin's regime toface with equanimity the prospect ofmillions starving?

CONQUEST: The main reason forthe operation was do gma: the independent peasantry was a bugbear on Marxist grounds, and the market economyit generated was against the p rinciple ofthe fundamental evil of "commodity"relations. At the same time the partywas committed to carry out this "revolution from above" by the method ofclass war against the "kulak"element —which in Bolshevik terms meant extreme measures. Stalin also, and especially in Ukraine, had a commitmentagainst "bourgeois nationalism." Andof course he never had any objection tomass slaughter as an instrument ofpolicy.

Collectivization, dekulakization andthe man-made famine are separatematters. It would have been possible tocollectivize without dekulakizing; to

collectivize and dekulakize without thefamine (this last was indeed the modeoutside Ukraine, Kuban, Lower Volgaand Kazakhstan). The decision to inflictall three was a political on e. The generalaim was the destruction of marketrelations and of the last bourgeois orpetty bourgeois classes; the particularaim in Ukraine was all those, but alsothe devastation of a hostile area.

ULAM: To what extent does thewhole picture fit into the overallframe-work of Stalin's policies, su ch as theutter destruction of opposition, nationality policy, and simply the discovery of a new method ofgoverningthrough supraterror?

CON QUE ST: Bolshevik rule wasessentially a machinery by which thesubjective decision of a group of d octrinaires could be impo sed o n so ciety andthe economy. Stalin had indeed discovered (or made use of Lenin's discovery) that the totalitarian party canrule against all the o dds, and that terroris an excellent way of atomizing opposition or resistance.

New Jersey governor createsOffice of Ethnic Affairs

JERSEY CITY, N .J. - New Jersey

Secretary o f State Jane Burgio officiallyannounced the formation of an Officeof Ethnic Affairs in the state by Gov.Tom Kean. She made the announcement while representing the governor atthe Liberty Park Festival held here atLiberty State Park on September 11-12.

The festival capped off Ethnic Heritage Week in N ew Jersey (September 6-12), which was proclaimed by thegovernor on September 1.

"By executive o rder last month G ov.Kean created an o fficial state agency toaddress the concerns of all the ethniccommunities in New Jersey," she said."It is called the Office of Ethnic Affairs."

She said that the office is part of theDepartment of State, adding that onlyone other state has such an office.

In addition to establishing the newoffice, Ms. Burgio noted that Gov.Kean has expanded the New JerseyEthnic Advisory Co uncil to 19 citizenmembers and six department headsfrom state government. The chairmanof the advisory counci l i s GeorgePappas, a Greek-American engineer,she said.

The new council was created by

Executive Order N o . 11, which was

signed by Gov. Kean on July 23, andwhich nullified Executive Order No . 65that was signed by Gov. Brendan Byrneand called for a 16-member council.

After her remarks, the secretary ofstate introduced the new director of theethnic affairs office, Robert Zochow-ski, a Polish American lawyer fromPrinceton.

She also introduced members of theethnic advisory council, among themUkrainian commu nity activists AndrewKeybida of Maplewood and ZenonOnufryk of Flanders. Mr. Keybida is amember at large, and Mr. Onufryk isthe Ukrainian community representative.

Ms. Burgio also read a short letterfrom President Ronald Reagan to Go v.Kean praising the festival as "an outstanding celebration of the rich diversity that is the source of America'sstrength."

This year, marked the fourth year ofthe Liberty Park Festival, which featured a wide variety o f ethnic foo ds,crafts and cultural exhibits of 40different nationalities. It was the first

(CoBtfaacd OB pap 13)



N o .40 T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K LY S U N D AY, O C T O BE R 3 . 1 9 8 2 5

Commentary: the "demise" of the Moscow Helsinki Groupby Petro Grigorenko

Although news of the Moscow Helsinki Monitoring Group discontinuingits human-rights monitoring activitieswas shocking, it was, however, no greatsurprise to m e. What is surprising is thatthe event was erroneously reportedas a liquidation of the group.

For more than six years the Mo scowgroup - as well as all other Helsinkimon itoring groups in the Soviet Union— carried on i ts mo nitoring workdespite the So viet government's (KGIft)ceaseless persecution, various threats,loss of livelihood, police surveillance,illegal searches, arrests with sentencesbased on fabricated allega tions, internalexile and expatriation.

The group's tenacity of purpose inhuman-rights work was a result of itsjudicious organizational principles, itsflexible tactics, the members' moralsteadfastness and courage, their nobleaspirations, the support of the worldcomm unity, the goo d will of the citizens(as evidenced by the continuous flow ofinformation on human-rights violations), and by the arrival of replace

ments for those torn from human-rightsranks by government terrorization. It isevident that the gro up's ability to carryon its work was dependent upon anincreasing number of new members.Unfortunately, the replacements couldnot overcome the losses resulting from thegovernment's unrestrained harassment.

As a result, the number of activemembers in the Mo scow Group steadilydecreased until, finally, there were onlythree left: Y elena Bo nner, a Wo rld WarII invalid and wife of academicianAndrei Sakharov; 70-year-old ailingNaum Meiman, a physicist and mathematician; seriously-ill 75-year-old SofiaKalistratova, prominent Moscow attorney. The three were warned by theMo scow prosecuto r that criminal actionagainst them had been initiated underthe criminal code article covering "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda." Astifling, tight police surveillance of thethree was started, making it impossiblefor the group to legally continue itswork. These are the hard facts.

Unfortunately, the Western press,using eye-catching headlines by erroneously citing the group's Do cument195, reported that the Moscow HelsinkiGroup anno unced "its own" dissolution and made no mention of anyvoluntary dissolution. The news commentaries, rather than censuring theSoviet Union's authorities for degrading and violating the Helsinki Accords,chose to emphasize a funeral setting forone such organization that struggled forsecurity, human rights and a just peace.In addition, the reports erroneouslylabelled o ther H elsinki grou ps as "satellites" of the Mo scow group and ignoredtheir independent status.

A further example of the commentators' posture w as the incident revolvingabout the exile of my friend and associate, Academician Sakharo v, to Gorky.Instead of expressing outrage over theauthorities' brutal arbitrariness, thereports reflected the dour mood: "Onthe day that A.D. Sakharov was beingdeported to Gorky, the fate of the human-rights movement was being decided."

To help clarify and correct thereports, I am briefly providing thefollowing organizational facts.

The founders of the M oscow HelsinkiGroup fully realized that a conventio nalorganization having a charter, by-laws,formal membership, division of authority, meetings and conferences, would

Petro Grigorenko is a member of boththe Moscow and Ukrainian Helsinkigroups.

be forbidden under the present Sovietconditions. To avo id that situation andto create a viable organization, thegroup was organized without a formalmembership or an organizational system. The membership w as united o n abasis of m utual trust, individual responsibility, and amicable unanimity withequal rights for all. Individuals desiringto become members could join thegroup, provided there were no objec

tions from the active members. For amember wishing to drop o ut all that wasnecessary was a statement of resignation w ithout any explanations required;no one could be expelled from thegroup. N o m ember could make decisions for another, and no one couldobligate others to any action contrary tohis will. Each member could makerecommendations for a document; itwould be considered the group's officialpaper o nly upo n its being signed by anacceptable number of members. It wasevery member's right to participate inthe group 's activities by whatever meansavailable, despite the scattering of themembers as a result of harsh Sovietpersecutions.

In addition to the three previously-mentioned members of the group thereare 12 other members, including fourmembers of the committee for investigating the government abuses of psychiatry for political purposes, namely:Yuri Orlov, Anatoly Shcharansky,Vladimir Slepak, Malva Landa, FeliksSerebrov, Tatiana Osipova, VictorNekipelov, Ivan Kovalev, VyacheslavBakhmin, Aleksandr Podrabinek, IrinaGryvnina, and Anatoly Koryagin. Theyare in prison, labor camps, o r in exile.N ot only did everyone find a way toreassert his membership but, astonishing as it soun ds, made an affirmation tobe on a mission to investigate com

pliance with human rights in prisons.Helsinki groups have even been organized in prison and labo r camps.

Another six of the group members,consisting of two expatriates (Grigo

renko and Ginzburg) and four emigrants (Ludmilla Alekseeva, Bakhmin,Borikenov and Yuri Yarym-Agayev),live in the free world. They participatein many ways by defending the international Helsinki movement with politicaland human-rights enthusiasts in scientific circles, cultural groups, trade union sand o ther fruitful international liaiso ns.It is evident that the group has notdissolved itself, but has changed itscenter of a ctivity and the direction of itswork, and is continuing its struggle forthe release of the imprisoned membersof this and other groups, as well as ofSoviet political prisoners by demanding either compliance with the HelsinkiAccords or asking for its annulment. Inorder to accomplish this the availablemembers of the Mo scow Group who arenow living abroad must unite andreplenish their ranks with effectiveMoscow human-rights activists. Theymust proclaim a Moscow HelsinkiGroup in exile and begin its active work.

As to other Helsinki groups, be theyUkrainian, Lithuanian, Armenian orGeorgian, let i t be known that theabsence of certain overt human-rightsactivities do es n ot necessarily spell theirdemise. Even though members of thegroups have been transferred individually from Mordovian and Permgulags to Kiev and Vilno to undergo"rehabilitation work," not one personhas been found to announce the self-dissolution of his group. These otherHelsinki groups, demeaned by somemembers o f the press as "satellites," aresilent for they have been stifled no lessvehemently than the Moscow Group.

The number of silent voices in theUkrainian Group is greater than thenumber in the Moscow Group. At thistime, 27 members are in prisons, laborcamps and in exile: seven of these who

are completing their prison sentenceshave received additional sentences,three live at home under police surveillance, seven were expatriated (ofthis latter group, six were banished after

completing their prison sentences).When considering that the originalgroup consisted of 11 members, thelosses are great. As a result of theselosses, the Ukrainian Group stoppedannouncing the names of new membersthat represent the current basic strengthof the group. For this group to functionopenly it must have the opportunity tolegally monitor compliance with theHelsinki Accords. The governmentsthat signed the accords can help attainthat opportunity by confronting theUSSR with demands of honest compliance with all of the articles of theHelsinki Accords and providing itscitizenry w ith the necessary authority tooversee the fulfillment of the act. Theycan ask the Soviets to release all members of the Helsinki Groups, politicalprisoners and prisoners of consciencefrom incarceration, exile and expatriation.

If the USSR refuses to accept theabove, the Helsinki Accords shouldthen be declared null and void. Thisshould be followed with a demand forthe convening of a peace conference toresolve the problem of post-World WarII boundaries and the liquidation of theStalin-Hitler pre-war pact on the division of spheres of influence.

So me final words regarding the otherHelsinki group s: they were neversatellites of the Moscow Helsinki Monitoring Group, although in the spirit ofcooperation, the Moscow Group wasnotified post factum of their creation.Their methods and goals were differentfrom those o f the Mo scow Group. Theycooperated openly with the MoscowGroup, receiving help and advice onlywhen requested. Referring to the Moscow Group's cessation of human-rightsactivities, members of the UkrainianGroup wrote: "For over five years theMoscow and the Ukrainian monitoringgroups operated in an atmosphere ofmutual trust and cooperation." Bothgroups were allied in a mutual endeavorto establish human rights for all.

Book review

Essays on Austrian Galicia: outstanding collectionby Dr. James E. M ace

The modern Ukrainian movementwhich asserted itself so strongly on thestage of history after World War I wasthe product o f a long sym biotic relation

ship between the Ukrainian communities living under Austrian and Russianrule. After the Ems Ukase of 1876 madeUkrainian national work virtuallyimpossible in the Russian Empire, anumber of outstanding Ukrainian activists from eastern Ukraine moved to thefreer atmosphere of Galicia or had then-works published there. Galician Ukrainians, for their part, fully came torealize that they were of the same nationas their kinsmen to the east and deeplyinfluenced the development of nationalconsciousness In eastern Ukraine. Withthe revolution, two sister governments,the Ukrainian National Republic andthe Western Ukrainian N ational R epublic, were established, proclaimed

their unity, and Galicians fought fo r thefreedom of their eastern brethren underthe slogan "Through Kiev to Lviv."

In view of the crucial importance ofeastern Galicia to the development ofthe national movement, the lack of aconcise, easily readable but scholarly,English-language history of Galiciaunder Austrian rule has long been amajor lacuna of Ukrainian studies in theWest. N ow that lacuna has partially

filled with the publication of the excellent collection of essays edited byAndrei S. Markovits and Frank E.Sysyn, "Nationbuilding and the Politics of N ationalism: Essays on A ustrianGalicia." Each of the 11 essays compiled

by Profs. Markovits and Sysyn iswritten by a leading scholar in the field.As a whole, the book provides thereader with a useful survey of the province's history and elucidates a numberon its most interesting sidelights.

Each essay represents the currentstate of the art in historical scholarship.The introductory article by Prof. Markov its is, all in all, a highly informativeintroduction to the general frameworkof the Habsburg Empire and Galicia'splace within it, supplemented by anexcellent bibliography on the AustrianEmpire and the problems of nation-building, eminently suitable for thereader who might find that the bookmerely whets his or her appetite to knowmore.

Prof. Ivan L. Rudnytsky's contribution, "The Ukrainians in Galicia UnderAustrian Rule," is the best conciseaccount of the subject ever written by aWestern scholar, and the same can besaid for Prof. Piotr Wandycz's essay onthe Poles in the Habsburg Empire.

These two essays are complementedby Ezra Mendelsohn's study of Jewishassimilation in Lviv, the career of

Wilhelm Feldman, and Leila Everett'ssurvey, "The Rise of Jewish N ationalPolitics in Galicia, 1905-1907." Prof.Mendelsohn's article provides ampleinformation on the history of GalicianJewry in the 19th century. Ms. Everett's

15)

Book no te s

Teacher publishesUkrainian grammar

DETROIT - "A Ukrainian Grammarfor Beginners, Self-Teaching," a bookby Martha Wichorek, a former Detroitpublic school teacher, is now availablethrough mail order.

The 338-page b oo k is written in easy-to-understand English, and is gearedespecially to all those who knowlittle or

no Ukrainian. The book contains anEnglish word index and a Ukrainian-English dictionary, as well as 29 lessonsand plenty o f o ral and written exerciseswith answers.

The book costs S10 and is availableby writing Ms. Wichorek at 13814Vassar Drive, Detroit, M ich. 13814.Thereis a SI.50 postage and handling chargefor each copy. In Canadian currencythe co st (including postage and handling)is S14.



6 T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K LY S U N D A Y, O C TO B ER 3 , 1 9 3 2 No. 40

Ukrainian WeerhSmear t ac t i c s

When The Weekly first broke the story that Ukrainian dissident OlenaAntoniv Krasivska was the victim of a vicious smearin the August 18 issue ofa Lviv newspaper (see The Weekly, September 5),we expressed fear that thescope and vitriol of the obloquy meant that her arrest was imminent. Sad tosay, we were right. News of her arrest has recently reached the West. Ms.Krasivska was hauled in shortly after her work, her reputation and heractivities were publicly sullied in a spiteful and malicious article in VilnaUkraine, which is published by the Communist Party of Ukraine.

The technique of prefacing the arrest of a dissident with a well-placed sme aris not new. It is a form of harassment and intimidation. Ukrainian politicalprisoners Oles Berdnyk and Mykola Matusevych were both vilified in thepress before their arrests. Poet and imprisoned Helsinki monitor Vasyl Stuswas branded a fascist by the local press for a year before he was finallyarrested.

In the Vilna Ukraina article on Ms. Krasivska, the author accused her ofmisap propria ting money from the Russian Social Fund - set up byAlexander Solzhenitsyn before his expulsion from the USSR to help thefamilies of political prisoners - and using it for her own enjoyment. T hearticle reached new heights of creative animadvers ions, labeling Ms.Krasivska "the Galician bank ing housewife" who sought to create "a privatebanking-credit operation" not unlike "the American Manhattan ChaseBank" (sic).

References to Ms. Krasivska's "egoism," selfishness and cunning arepassim; she is called "trivial, capricious, inconstant... and a liar."

But there is more here than mere character assassination. M s. Krasivska isalso linked with Ukrainian "bou rgeoise nationalism" and other U krainiandissidents such as Kateryna Zarytska, Mykhailo Osadchy and Ivan Н е ї,whose father, the article says, "was an active helper and abe ttor of Banderitehea dhu nte d." Her portrait as a self-glorifying thief is meant to discredit thehuman-rights movement, Ukrainian nationalists both past and present, andthe Russian Social Fund and its supporters in the West.

One often wonders why the Soviets should bother with the elaboraterigmarole of such vivid excoriations in thepress.The lurid language, sardonictone and limitless hyperbole of these denunciations evoke a quality ofridiculous parody rather than truth, som ething, we assume, the averageSoviet reader would quickly discern and dismiss as such.

Maybe or maybe not. But the real reason for the smears has less to do withdenouncing nationalism or gaining propaganda ground than it does withintimidation, with the government showing again that, in the Soviet Union,the press is merely another powerful tool of official repression. The personalattacks, the fab rications, the vilification, the brazen lies all send a clear andno-nonsense message to Soviet citizens: in this system, there truly is noplace to hide. There is also no recourse. One doesn't imagine that a dissident

could bring a libel or slander suit against a Soviet government press organ.We in the West enjoy the benefits of a free press, and are at the same timeprotected from it by a host of legal constraints and privacy laws.

Clearly, then, our outrage is heightened when we realize that Ms.Krasivska and others like her are being victimized by a press monopoly that isin the hands of a brutal and malevolent government, and that they have noforum to defend themselves, no way to publicly respond to the governmen t'swild accusations. We can only support Ms. Krasivska, proclaim herinnocence and continue to denoun ce the craven system whichsees fit to sic itsyellow journalists on men and wom en seeking nothing more than the dignityof basic human rights.

Letter to the editor

Я в ;Kobza to ur e di to ri a lDear Editor:

In regard to your editorial (September 26) portraying the current Kobzatour of Ca nada a s a mere "facade" and abetrayal of reality, I am taking thisopportunity to accuse The UkrainianWeekly of performing a disservice to itsreaders through misrepresentation ofthe facts.

Firstly, the Kobza ensemble wasapproached and invited to perform bythe National Concert Agency, an organization comprised of UkrainianCana d i ans . D oes The Week ly no tsupport the intentions of the honorablemem bers of this associationin solicitingKobza, despite their full awareness ofthe present situation in Soviet Ukraine?

Perhaps, our approach to the matter ofSoviet tour groups in the United Statesneeds a careful re-evaluation.

Secondly, Kobza does not, as otherwise suggested by The Weekly, perpetuate the Potemkin approach to Ukrainian music and art. D o these young mennot burn with resentment and hostilitytoward the murderers of our belovedIvasiuk? Do they not feel the molestingbreath of their accompanying nannieswherever they perform? The Weeklymay find it of interest to realize that

their latest album (circa 1979) sells onlymoderately in Soviet Russia, while freshcopies of the materpiece are virtuallyunobtainable in Soviet Ukraine.

Please, we need not the fresh memories of Ivasiuk's hideous death -Time m agazine goes so far as to call it a"celebrated"case. The Kobza ensemblehas its opinions on this of which we shallnever know. Spare them - and us -more grief.

Andrew SchepelSomerset, N.J.

P.S.: You may include, as a fo otnote,that I was in Ukraine (visiting) the veryday that Ivasiuk was buried — only afew hours away. Due to the strict

censorship in the vicinity of Lviv, I wasunaware of the event until I read TheUkrainian Weekly upon my return to theUnited States.

Editor's note: The Weekly editorialtakes issue neither w ith the Kobzaensem bleitself, nor with the Canadianagency that arranged the group's tour,but with the Soviet system that allows agroup like Kobza to perform abroadwhile "kobzari" and com posers likeIvasiuk are m urdered at hom e.

Focus o n Ukrainian women p o l i t i c a lprisoners

Oksana Popovych:2 3 years wi thou t f r eedom

by N ina Strokata

Oksana Popovych wa s born in 1926.She grew up at a time when the Ukrainian na tion was in a desperate war with

German Fascist and Soviet Communistinvaders. During the war — in 1944 —Oksana was sentenced to 10 years in aSoviet labor camp for her participationin the two-front war for Ukrainianindependence.

After her release in 1954, she workedat various manual-labor jobs since herprevious incarceration prohibited further education or any other type ofwork.

In 1974, Oksana was arrested again,this time for disseminating samvydavmaterials. Sh ortly before her arrest, sheunderwent orthopedic surgery on herhip. Her operation called for a lengthyand special convalescence.Yet, responding to K GB orders, her doctors issued areport permitting interrogation.

As a result, a warrant was issued forher arrest , and she was taken intocustody on a stretcher. As a protest,Oksana w ent on a 45-day hunger strike,which ended after she was force-fed byprison authorities.

Oksana Popovych w as sentenced to aterm of eight years in a strict-regimenlabor camp and five years' exile.

In 1975, the International Wom en'sYear, she entered a Mordovian laborcamp on crutches. Today, she mustwalk with the aid of two canes.

During her imprisonment, she conducted constant protests against theunjust and cruel treatment of inmates

by the prison authorit ies, and sherefused to do forced labor at the camp.Only those who have exper iencedimprisonment in Soviet labor campscan imagine the addi t ional dangerconfronting this invalid woman aftershe refused forced labor.

In 1979, while in prison, Oksanajoined the Ukrainian Helsinki Group.

At the time of this writing, her prisonterm is nearing completion. Still ahead,however, are five years of internal exile.According to Soviet law, someone withOksana's serious health problems maybe released from the exile term. Nevertheless, past inconsistencies in theapplication of criminal law in the USSRdo not bodewell for her release from the

exile sentence.The defense of Oksana Popovych

could p romo te her release from the exilephase of her punishment. It is important to understand that conditions inexile are in fact not better than in thelabor camps, and in many cases aremuch worse.

Oksana Popovych's labor-camp termwill end next month. Her exile term isscheduled to expire in October'1987.

Nina Strokata is a form er Sovietpolitical prisoner and is one of thefounding m em bers of the Kiev-basedUkrainian Helsinki group.

Oksana Popovych

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Oksana's birthday: February 2, 1926.Sources:

в "The Persecution of the UkrainianHels inki Grou p." Toro nto: Hum anRights Commission of the World Congress of Free Ukrainians, 1980, pp. 40-41 .

" "The Persecution of the UkrainianHelsinki Group. Fifth Anniversaryupdate. November 9, 1981." Toronto:Human Rights Commission of theWorld Congress of Free Ukrainians,1981, p. 7, p. 22.

' The Huma n Rights Movement inUkraine: Documents of the UkrainianHelsinki Group 1976-1980. Baltimore-Washington-Toronto: Smoloskyp Publishers, 1980, p. 48, p. 259.

о Herald of Persecution in Ukraine.New York: External Representation ofthe Ukrainian Helsinki Group, pp. 2-19(February 1981).

о Hearing and markup before theCommittee on Foreign Affairs and itsSubcommittee on Human Rights andInternational Organizations, House ofRepresentatives. 97th Congress, FirstSession on H.Con. Res. Ill; H. Res.152; H. Res. 193. July 28; July 3 0; andSeptember 17, 1981. Washington: U.S.

Government Printing Office, 1981, p.12.Address:Oksana Zenonivna Popovych431200 Barashevouch. Zhkh 385/3-4Tengushevskiy r-nMordovskaya ASSRUSSR

О к с а н а З е н о н ів н а П о п о в и ч ,431200 Б а р а ш е в о ,у ч . Ж Х 3 85/3 -4,Т е н ь г у ш е в с к и й р -н ,М о р д о в с к а я А С С Р ,С С С Р .

P h i l a de l p h i a c e n t e r t o o f f e r U kr a i n i a nPHIL ADE LPH IA - The Philadel

phia center of the St. Clement Ukrainian Catholic University in Rome,located at 7911 Whitewood Road inElkins Park, will offer once again freeinstruction in the Ukrainian language.

This year, the re will be two courses—Ukrainian for Beginners and AdvancedUkrainian. Students will meet every

Wednesday starting October 6.Registration for the courses will take

place on that day beginning at 7 p.m.There is no tuition, only a registrationfee of S35. Refreshments will be servedduring class break.

For additional information call Dr.L. Rudnytzky during business hours at(215)951-1200. . . v . v , v.



N o. 40 T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K LY S U N D AY, O C TO B ER 3 , 1 9 8 2

The Madrid Review Conference: an updated report

PutinThe government has been carrying

out a process described officially as"verification," wherein individuals arerequired to appear before a board ofreview which passes on their political

reliability. Those fou nd to be unreliable— often on the basis of nothing morethan Solidarity memb ership — aredismissed from their job s. N o figuresare available on the exact number ofthose wh o have lost their job s orundergone the verification process, butthe evidence suggests that many thousands have been involved. Indeed, thearmy newspaper Zolnierz Wolnosciurged on Janaury IS that the verification of staff process be "carried o ut a t alllevels important for our national existence... (including) the party, administrative apparat, economy, education,press, radio and television as well asmany other fields." The article alsostressed the need to root out "disguised

ideological and political opponents."The process of verification has not

only been aimed at those occupyingsensitive positions in the government orthe media but also at ordinary workerswho have been ordered to sign denunciations of Solidarity. Those w ho refusehave been either demoted or fired.Church officials, including the primate,Archbishop Glemp, have often andbitterly denounced this practice, whichmakes a mockery of the goverment'sprofessed po licy of tolerance and conciliation towards So lidarity and its members, as immoral and unethical.

Indeed, the Church has long soughtto maintain a dialogue between Solidarity and the authorities in the interestsof internal peace and national renewal.After December 13, 1981, the Churchspoke out often and forcefully on theneed to end martiallaw and returned toa dialogue am ong the parties in Poland.The Polish episcopate, in severalpastoral letters and statements, calledfor a swift end to m artial law, release ofinternees, amnesty for those chargedwith violating martial law and for thosestill in hiding, and an end to dismissalsfrom work for political views or unionmembership. The bishops also urged aresumption of talks between Solidarityand the authorities to extricate thecountry from what they termed adeepening catastrophe. ArchbishopGlemp also gave a number of well-publicized sermons calling for a dismantling of martial law and a return tothe process of dialogue and nationalrenewal. On March 4, he publicly calledfor the release of Lech Walesa and otherdetainees at a religious ceremony nearthe giant Ursus tractor complex. In abrief address supplementing his Eastermessage, the primate posed a clearchallenge to the martial law regime. Hecalled for the removal of barriersseparating the authorities and society,and announced the release for publicdiscussion of a document titled "Regarding Social Conciliation" which hehad sent to the government. Thisdocument called for a new discussionbetween the government, the Church,and a broadly based committee representing all elements in Polish society,including Solidarity. The dialoguewould seek to negotiate an end tomartial law, explore ways to reactivatetrade unions and to re-establish civilrights, and address econo mic and socialreforms. The document also took Solidarity to task for pre-martial lawexcesses and urged recognition byPolish society of "economic and geopolitical ' realities."

Religious freedom, which traditionallyhas been greater in Po land than in otherareas of Eastern Europe, also wasdiminished somewhat by martial law.The weekly religious broadcasts onstate radio were suspended on December 13, 1981, and returned on a morelimited twice-monthly schedule in lateJanuary. PAX, the Catholic lay organization which had evolved since1980 from a strongly pro-regime andpolitically orthodox group with anti-Semitic tendencies into an organizationof more independent views and liberalconvictions, mo ved toward more tradi

t io na l po sit ions under martial law.Ryszard Reiff, the chairman of PAX,was ousted from his posit ion andremoved as head of the Catholic parliamentary group (ZN AK) in January,reportedly because he was the onlymember of the Council of State to voteagainst promulgating the state of emergency.

From the o utset, the regime sought toportray the Catholic Church's positionon reconciliation as support for thepacification aspects of its martial lawpolicies. As that premise became moredifficult to project, a series of officialpress comm entaries accused somemembers of the clergy o f con tributing tothe problems which led to the imposition of martial law. Trybuna Luduexpressed surprise over "provocativeand p olitically inciting gestures by somerepresentatives of the clergy." Onepriest was arrested and received a threeand one-half-year prison sentence inKoszalin province for allegedly "publiclyinsult ing and deriding. . . the rulingauthorities and...spreading false information." Another priest was arrested inMarch and charged with concealing themurder weapon in connection with theslaying of a militiaman on a Warsawstreetcar.

There have been signs that somePolish officials have engaged in anti-Semitic activities as part of the po liticaloppression undertaken since December13, 1981. Brief expressions of anti-Semitic sentiment and personal slursand innuendo appeared in severalnewspaper articles denouncing prominent opp osition figures from Solidarityand the defunct Committee for SocialSelf-Defense (KOR). The December 17and 18, 1981, issues of Trybuna Ludugave short biographical sketches ofprominent opposit ion activists andoutlined their past anti-regime activities.The articles pointed to alleged involvement with "Zionism" and particularlyto manifestations of support for Israelin the late 1960s. For example, theDecember 17 article stated that afterrelease from prison in the early 1970s,Jacek Kuron "established contact withemigre circles, and with Zionist, Trot-skyite and Western sabotage centers."The December 18 article described thecareer o f Bronislaw Geremek and statedthat, "after the Israeli attack on Arabcountries, he made known his revisionist views and turned in his partycard in 1969." From this time onward,"his main connections were with Zionist-revisionist centers." In a similarvein, the Polish Press Agency on January 9 described Solidarity adviserSeweryn Blumsztajn as "the favorite ofcertain anarchist and cosmopolitancircles in the West," and the Armynewspaper Zoln ierz Wo lnosc i onFebruary 23 linked KOR with "Zionistmilieus seeking to antagonize Polishsociety."

The most glaring instance of published anti-Semitism was an article in

the Christmas holiday issue of Wiado-mosci Szczecinskie which claimed thatJews have been a source of trouble inPoland ever since 1947. The article alsosaid that Jews operating through KOR.were trying to seize power in the country. The Jewish ancestry of KOR leaders

Adam Michnik and Karol Modzelewskiwas m entioned in a denigrating manner.The Grunwald Patriotic Union, a

hard-line nationalist group with decided anti-Semitic overtones, seems tobe one of the few political entities tohave survived martial law. The Grunwald group reappeared in 1981 withsupport from conservative circles in theparty after a long period of inactivity. Itpurports to interpret Po lish nationalismby tracing an alleged continuum of alien(i .e. , Jewish) influence in events inPo land from the security service purgesof the 1950s to present Solidarityactivists.

Polish universit ies have a longstanding reputation for an independentspirit. Many of them were at leastpartially paralyzed by student strikesduring the month preceding martiallaw. The strikes reflected impatiencewith intentional government delays inadopting a higher education bill embodying long-awaited academic reforms. Universities throughout Polandwere closed following the imposition o fmartial law on December 13, 1981.Most did not reopen until February 8.Severe restrictions have been imposedto keep Polish campuses under tightcontrol. The compulsory study of theRussian language and Marxism-Leninism has been reintroduced (somethingboth students and faculty fought hardto have removed); a limited "verification" procedure has taken place in anumber of universities; military commissars have been assigned to overseethe operation of the universities; andstudent and faculty ab ility to function isseverely restricted. Henryk Samsono-wicz, the respected rector of WarsawUniversity, was forced to resign his postin early April. Later the faculty senateapproved a resolution condemning thedismissal process and the selection of anew rector without consult ing theuniversity.

Since normal rights of assemblyremain suspended, in most universitiesstudents and faculty may only visit thecampus for classes or to go directly to

the library. Students showing any typeof politically deviant behavior are beingthreatened with expulsion or military

The Independent Association ofStudents, the student counterpart ofSolidarity, was dissolved by the authorities on January 5 for alleged "subversive and illegal activities"during martiallaw. However, it reportedly has begununderground operations and issuedclandestine bulletins commenting onvarious aspects of martial law.

In implementing martial law, themilitary regime has used considerableforce to crush any signs of resistance— even passive resistance. The autho ri

ties have employed tanks, small arms,clubs, tear gas, rubber bullets and watercannon to break up no n-violent strikesand demonstrations. Official statements acknowledged 10 deaths as aresult of government suppression ofprotest actions, but unofficial andunconfirmed reports indicate a highernumber of fatalities. N o firm estimateshave been made of the number ofpersons injured and wounded in thecourse of government "pacification"actions.

A particularly bloody and brutalincident took place on December 16,1981, when at least nine miners werekilled and 39 others wounded in apitched battle with security forcesduring the suppression of a strike at theWujek coal mine in Katowice. The

special riot police (ZOMO) employedtanks and other armored vehicles tocrush miners who formerly were thebedrock of support for the regime. Theminers have converted the site of thebattle into an informal shrine. On thesame day, the official Polish mediareported that 324 peo ple, including 164civilians and 160 policemen, had beeninjured and one person had been killedin Gdansk, the birthplace of Solidarity,during street demonstrations near themonument to shipyard workers slainthere in 1970. Eyewitness accountsnoted that the demonstrations continued, and a virtual police riot ensued onDecember 17, 1981, as security forcesbroke the strike in the Gdansk ship

yards. The events in Gdansk on January31, where a number of people wereinjured and over 200 demonstratorswere arrested, were another example o fthe autho rities' unrestricted use o f fo rceagainst an unarmed populace. In mid-February, security forces conducted amassive countrywide sweep for suspected martial law violators. OfficialPolish Press Agency reports indicatedthat 145,000 people were checkedduring "Operation Calm"; 3,500 peoplewere detained and taken to a policestation; 7,000 fines were imposed; and4,000 cases were referred to misdemeanor tribunals as a result of thismajor demonstration of force by theauthorities.

In various statements, the militaryregime's leaders have insisted that thedecision to implement martial lawresulted from their revulsion at thethought of Polish blood being shed infratricidal strife. It is impossible toreconcile such statements with theemployment of special heayily armedriot police and elite internal securitytroops of the Interior Ministry to quellthe actions of unarmed workers andstudents.

Despite continuous announcementsin the official media abou t the return ofstability, normalcy, peace and socialdiscipline, the martial law regimecontinues to exist. Gen. Jaruzelski'sannouncement in the Sejm on January25 that martial law restrictions w ould belifted by the end of February was soqualified as to be almost meaningless,and he made clear that many aspects ofmartial law may co ntinue indefinitely inthe economic sector. Gen. Jaruzelskilater told the Communist Party's Central Committee on February 24 thatplans to end martial law restrictions hadbeen delayed by continued social andindustrial unrest. Some modificationsof martial law restrictions did takeplace, principally in the areas of thecurfew, transportation and communication. Limited public social gatherings, resumption of intercity telephonecommunications on a censored basisand a relaxation of internal travelrestrictions were among the measuresannounced by the beginning of March.The curfew, w hich ran from 11 p.m. to 5a.m. in most parts of the country, waslifted temporarily on May 2 as part of alimited easing of martial law restrictions. The military authorities, citing"further progress in normalization ofpublic life," also announced the releaseof 800 detainees on May 2 and granted,

(Cont inued on paf t 14)



8 T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K LY S U N D AY. O C TO B E R 3 . 1 9 8 2 N o .4 0

ME D IA A C T I O N C O A L IT I O NPost O ffice Box 13 4Whippany, New Jersey 0 7 9 8 1

Tow ard accuracy in classification at the Library of Cong ressIt is with great pleasure that the MA C publishesthis

article by ou r guest author, Andrew Turchyn. Dr.Turchyn is professor and librarian emeritus, Indiana

University Library, Bloomington, Ind.

by Andrew Turchyn

In I960, when the Library of Congress was stillusing its outdated classification schedules reflectingthe political situation in Europe before W orld War I, Isent a memo to the Library of Congress suggestingmany changes in its classification schedules, subjectheadings and main entries.

When my effort brought no change, in 1967 I askedSen . Milton B. Young to intervene. Pressure on the

ibrary of Congress was put also on forums of the)la vie and East European Section o f the Asso ciation

of College and Research Libraries, the AmericanLibrary Association, and the American Associationfor the Advancement of Slavic Studies.

In this way the Library o f Co ngress became aware ofa general dissatisfaction with it s cataloguing po licy. Asa result , several important changes related tocataloguing and classification of East Europeanmaterials were made. Slavic librarians accepted thesechanges with satisfaction and ho pe that the Library ofCongress would finally make all of the necessaryimprovements in cataloguing materials related to theSoviet Union and it s republics, th e area mo st neglectedby the Library of Congress. However, the Library ofCongress postponed further changes.

Since lack of additional funds and personnel is oneof the usual Library of Congress excuses for notmaking the necessary changes, in my letter of March10 , 1982, to the library I suggested o nly such changeswhich required neither special funds no r personnel. Itwas a test of good will.

Several years ag o the Library of C ongress accepted

the regional or ethnic principle, suggested by m e, inthenew history schedule for C zechoslovakia. N ow thelocal history of Slovakia is included in the historyschedule of Slovakia, and this fact allows libraries tokeep all historical materials on Slovakia together.However, the Library of Congress does not want toapply this principle to the non-Ru ssian republics of theSoviet Union. The classification schedule History-Class D conta ins the "tables for countries and regionswith single numbers or Cutter numbers." These tableshave been applied n ot only to the states created afterWorld War II in Africa and elsewhere but also toseveral republics of the Soviet Union.

Yet, the Library of Congress practice does no t allowcataloguers to use the local history number of thetables for the local history of the non-Russianrepublics of the Soviet Union. Instead, cataloguers ar ereferred to the local history of Russia. B y doing s o , theLibrary of Congress not only commits a mistake, butalso unnecessarily antagonizes some segments of ourpop ulation. To classify, for example, Kiev as aRussian city is no less offensive to a UkrainianAmerican than it would be to an Irish American toclassify Dublin as an English city.

Since there is no reason that cataloguers should notuse the local history number of the above-mentionedtables for the non-Russian republics, I requested thatthe Library of Congress change its policy as soon aspossible. I also asked the library to cancel therestrictive no tes, which tell cataloguers not to classifythe revolutionary periods of the years 1905-6 and1917-21 within the history schedules of the non-Russian republics, but as a local revo lutionary historyof Russia (DK264.2 and DK265.8). Following thesediscriminatory notes, cataloguers disperse the books,

which cover some very important periods, includingthe period of independence o f several republicsamong materials covering the history of Russia.

Since I did not receive an answer to my letter ofMarch 10, 1982, on May 3 I wrote a letter to RichardRichards, chairman of the Republican N ationalCommittee, and to Sen. Richard G. Lugar, askingthem for their support of m y action. I also sent a letterto A ugustus F. Hawkins, chairman. Joint Co mmitteeon the Library, asking him for his intervention.

In my letter t o Sen. Lugar I wrote: "Since, accordingto the U.S . Board on Geographic N ames, the Ukrainian city Cbemihiv, for example, has been called

Chernigov and classified according to the Library ofCon gress classification schedu les as a Russian city, allAmerican libraries, press, television, etc. regard this

Ukrainian city as a Russian one. It is laudable thateach year in Con gress we celebrate the Captive N ationsWeek and commemorate the independence of U-kraine, Byelorussia, and some other captive nationsbut it seems that these actions of ours becomemeaningless when in everyday life we negate oursolemn addresses."

Finally I received an answer from the Library ofCongress to my letter of March 10. Lucia J. Rather,director of cataloguing, informed me in her letter ofJune 28 that the Subject Cataloguing Division hadagreed to relocate history schedules of some of thenon-Russian republics and to provide each of themwith its own local history number. However, thelibrary decided that "all matters involving theRevolution should be classed in DK.265.95 accordingto existing policy."

As far as Ukrainian local history is concerned, myefforts brought a com plete success. From now on, allprovinces, cities and towns of Ukraine will beclassified within the history schedule of Ukraine, andnot of Russia, as it was before.

In my answer to Ms. Rather of July 7,1 wrote: "Ifthe Library of Congress is not in the position now tomake a new schedule for the Soviet Union, then itwould be advisable to have the schedules of the non-Russian republics outside the schedule of Russia. Inthis way the Russian history material would be lefttogether and the material related to each no n-Russianrepublic would follow it according to the relocatedschedules. The best place for them would, in myopinio n, be between DK 1000 and DK4000.In such anarrangement the non-Russian republics would betreated the same way as the Slovaks in the historyschedule of Czechoslovakia and the non-Serbs in the

new schedule of Yugoslavia."In regard to the library's refusal to remove the

restrictive notes concerning the revolutions in theformer Russian E mpire, I brought several argumentswhich ought to prove that the present Library ofCong ress policy is neither just no r logical, but is asignof favoritism applied to no nation other than theRussian.

I am glad that meanw hile the Media Actio nCoalition published in The Ukrainian Weekly (May23, 1982) thearticle "Toward accuracy in classificationsystems" and recomm ended w riting letters to co ngressmen and senators concerning the Library ofCongress cataloguing policy. The MAC's action disturbed the Library o f Co ngress. Mary K . D. Pietris, chief,Subject C ataloguing Divisio n, prepared the "Library ofCon gress Statement on Subject Headings for Russiansand the Soviet Union" and sent it to Rep. Hawkins,who forwarded it to me.

In my letter to Ms. Pietris of August 3,1 stressedthat her complaint that The Ukrainian Weekly "hasmisunderstood and misrepresented the position of th eLibrary of C ongress" w as not justified. The UkrainianWeekly did not change her statement. It only informedits readers about the library's decision to use"Russian" as the general adjective for citizens of theSoviet Union and recommended action against it . Thenon-Russians who constitute about one-half of theentire population of the Soviet Union simply do notwish to be called "Russians" and there is nothingwrong with it.

The boo k titled "Soviet Coo king Today" shouldnever have the heading "Cookery, Russian," b u t only"Coo kery, So viet." It is quite true that "most educatedAmericans fail to distinguish the subtle difference

between 'Russians' and 'Soviet people' and use theterms interchangeably." However, it shows that theseAmericans, altho ugh well educated in their fields, arequite ignorant in the field of Soviet studies. It is sadthat the Library of Congress has contributed much tothis ignorance by its outdated classification andincorrect subject headings.

The Ukrainian community should not be silentwhen misinformation about Ukraine and Ukrainiansis constantly disseminated. Thanks to my and otherlibrarians' efforts, the Library of Congress madeseveral changes in its cataloguing and classification.N ow Ukraine's name app ears after the geographical

names of Ukraine (e.g., Brody, Ukraine, and notBrody, Russia, as it was until 1967) and in indirectsubdivisions (e.g., Agriculture — Ukraine — Crimea,

and not Agriculture — R ussia - Crimea), the So vietUnion is no longer called "R ussia," and the Ukrainianprovinces, cities, towns, etc. will be classified withinthe history schedule of Ukraine. Still there are manyother changes which ought to be made.

The Library of Congress has to stop treatingUkraine as a province of Russia, as reflected in theClass A (4th ed., 1973) and in some other classificationschedules. Each Soviet republic should have itsclassification schedules outside and not inside theclassification schedules of Russia. It is not enought tochange the heading "Russia" to the "Soviet Union"and to have the outdated classification schedulesunchanged. The classification schedules related to theSoviet Union have to be elaborated. All constituentrepublics o f th e USSR should be listed in the tables ofsubdivisions in the various classification schedules,especially in the "Tables of Geo graphical Divisio ns" ofthe Class H and the "Tables of Subdivisions" in theClass N .

The Library of C ongress has to remove all traces ofmisconceptions based on the outdated assertions thatthe USSR is Russia and that all Eastern Slavs areRussians. Furthermore, the Library of Congress hasto make the necessary changes in its classificationschedules and subject headings related to history,langu age, literature, etc. of Kievan Rus ' . Wecannot besilent as long the Library of Congress deprives us ofour glorious past and the rich cultural heritage ofKievan Rus'. W e also have to pro test t o t heU.S. Boardof Geo graphic Names against use of the Russian form ofthe geographic names of Ukraine. The Library ofCongress will stop using the Russian form only afterthe U.S. Board on Geographic Names accepts theUkrainian form.

Immediate action should be led by our representation in this country, as well as by our scientificsocieties, institutes and professional associa tions.

Library of Congress statementon subject headings for

Russians and Soviet UnionIn the May 23, 1982, issue of The Ukrainian

Weekly, the following "Action Item" appeared:"The Library of Congress, an official arm of th e

legislative branch of our government, has unilaterally decreed that everyon e in the US SR is aRussian and every aspect related to the identity ofthe 100 nations and nationalities within thecomm on framework of the USSR is Russian. Thisis the type of information that the Library ofCongress will furnish to every federal legislator whowill request any information on the USSR.

"RECOMMENDED ACTION: Write to yourfederal representatives, cong ressman and senatorsand ask them please to investigate why the Libraryof Congress intends to misinform them on thesubject of the USSR. Also write or call everycandidate running for a federal office and ask themto express their position on this issue."

(Then followed information on how to discoverthe names of congressmen and senators, and thesuggestion to send copies o f the letters to " M r. D. J.Boorstine fsicj, librarian, and Office o f the Directorof Cataloguing" and to Rep. Augustus F. Hawkinsand Sen. Charles McC. Mathias Jr.)

The Ukrainian Weekly has misunderstood andmisrepresented the position of the Library ofCongress. Below is a description of our actualpolicies.

Until January 1981 ,the subject heading "R ussia"was used to describe the country of the SovietUnion and its historical development from earliesttimes through the centuries up to today. In January1981 ,the subject heading "Russia" w as replaced bythe subject heading "Soviet Un ion ." All datesubdivisions formerly included under Russia are



NsJfi. T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E KLY S U N D A Y. O C TO B ER 3 . 1 9 8 2 9

A C T ION IT E M SLibrary of Congress revisited

Many persons who wroteto their federal representatives after reading the Library of Congress "ActionItem" in the May 23 issue of The Ukrainian Weeklyreceived responses which included the l ibrary ofCongress statement printed in this MAC edition.

RECOMMENDED ACTION:Write back to your U.S. representative and

senators, and indicate that the Library of Congressstatement is full of inaccuracies and only reinforces thepurpose of your original letter. Dr. Andrew Turchyn 'sresponse to the Library of Congress (also publishedinthis MA C edition) raises several valid points for youtoconsider in your own response.

Public concern via congressional inquiry abouttheLibrary of Congress Subject Headings practiceresulted in response from the Library of Congress.This process should be encouraged throu gh continuedcorrespondence with members of Congress. Ourfederal representatives'aw areness of inaccuracies will,in turn, be reflected in changes to the cataloguingsystem.

Send copies to:Dr. Andrew Turchyn, librarianandprofessor emeritus, Indiana University Library,Bloomington, Ind. 47405; and to the president of the

Ukrain ian Library Associa t ion of America : Dr.Dmytro Shtohryn, Special Languages Department,University of Illinois Library, Urbana, 111. 61801.

Jack Anderson's columns

Most recently, nationally syndicated columnistJack Anderson has published two columns dealingwith Ukraine andI or Ukrainian s. On September 19 hiscolumn compared the plight of a Swedish family withthe case of Walter Polovchak. Three days later,Mr.Anderson wrote a lengthy column discussing Sovietoppression of Ukraine and its relation to the Solidaritymovement.

RECOMMENDED ACTION:Let Mr. And erson know of your appreciation for his

efforts in publ ic iz ing the repress ion in Ukraine .Secondly, remind him tactfully that Walter Polovchak's parents returnednot to Russia, but to Ukraine.

Write to: Jack Anderson, care of your localnewspaper.

Send copy to: the editor of your local newspaper.

U.S. News A World Report

In reply to an inquiry as to why the U.S. News A

World Report interchangeablyuses the terms "Russia"and "USSR,"Ben. F. Phlegar,execu tive editor, statedthe following:

"While using 'Russia' and 'Soviet Union' interchangeably may be technically inaccurate,we believethat common and conversational usage makes themacceptable. As you know, the practice is common inmagazines , newspapers , radio , te levis ionand inbooks. We do not believe the oversimplificationmisleads any readeror listener, which is the importantthing."

RECOMMENDED ACTION:Since this is the same standard answer that theU.S.

News A World R eport has been usingfor the last fouryears, write to Ben F. Phlegar and tell him that, yesyou are confused by their practice and that you indeedexpect more from their publication than just simpleoversimplifications.

Write to: Ben. F. Phlegar, executive editor,U.S.News A . World Report, 2300 N. St., NW, Washington,

D C . 20037.Send copies to: M. L. Stone, editor; L. Tanzer,managing editor; J. H. Sweet, publisher.

Ben Wattenberg

Ben Wattenberg, United Features syndicatedcolumnist as well as an eminent scholar and anassistant to former President Lyndon B. Johnson,recently wrote two columns which included information on Ukraine.

In a column for the week of September 7, he wrote:"The Russians, as of this moment, still make up 52percent of the USSR's popula t ion . The 'S lavic 'republics, which include not only Russians but 50million Ukrainians, makeup 72 percent of the USSR(although many Ukrainians also feel captured,notcaptivated, by the Russians)."

In a column for the week of September 20, he wrote:"In fthej Uk raine, the authorities have taken to dealing

with the en tire families of the principals of the Helsinkimo ve m en t . The Sichkos, father and son, werereaching the end of their term; now they have beenresentenced to an extra three years. The leader of theUkrainian movement, Mykola Ruden ko,and his wifear e in ja i l . He has spinal injuries. There is nomedication made availableto him."

RECOMMENDED ACTION:If your local newspaper carries Mr. Wattenberg's

column, write to the letters editor and express yourappreciation of this fact. If not then write to Mr.Wattenberg directly and thank him for bringinginformation about Ukraine to the attention of theAmerican public.

Write to: Ben. J. Wattenberg, c/o AmericanEnterprise institute, 1150 17th St., NW, Washington,D.C. 20036.

Lucy S. Dawidowkz

Ms. Dawidowicz, seeker of truth and inveteratechronicler of the "evil" Ukrainians,in her book "TheHolocaust and the Historians" (Harvard UniversityPress) , makes the following observations:"TheUkrainians became Germany's most diligent collaborato rs. They even turned up as helpersin the murderof the Jews as far from home as the Warsaw ghetto,where they served as auxiliaries to Gen. JurgenStroop 's SS troo ps in putting down the uprising in theWarsaw ghetto in April-May 1943."

Are these the type of "facts" that Ms. Dawidowiczadvocates sho uld be taught as a mand atory curriculumon the Holocaust in our public schools?

RECOMMENDED ACTION:Write to Ms. Dawidowicz and ask her if she is as

ready to condemn the whole Jewish nation for thebloody pogroms in Lebanon and the Rosh Hashanahmassacre in Beirut as she is so eager to condemn everyUkrainian?

Write to : Lucy S. Dawidowicz, 200 W. 86th St.,Apt. 20L, New York, N.Y. 10024.

Send copies to: A. J. Rosenthal, director, HarvardUniversity Press, 79 Garden St., Cambridge, Mass.02138; and to: Prof. O. Pritsak, director, Harvard

University Ukrain ian Research Insti tute,1S83Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Mass. 02138.

being transferred to the new heading. Thesehanges will appear in the Janua ry-Jun e 1981 issue

of the supplement to Library of Congress SubjectHeadings to be published this summer.

This practice cbrresponds with our generalpractice of using as a subject heading only the latestorm of name for a country . Under this latest form

of name are included those historical date subdivisions back to the earliest time period when bothhe geographical extent of the country andits name

may have been different. This practice is similartohe practice in general encyclopedias suchas the

World Book, where, in the article on Russia, its

history is described as beginning around 1000 B.C.,and the history of the United States is describedtarting "more than 20,000years ago."In both caseshe history of the currently existing country is

described as beginning long before the presentgovernment came into existence.

In our subject heading system,the republics ofhe Soviet Union, suchas Ukraine, Latviaand theUzbek SSR, and the states of the United States,uch as Pennsylvania, Delawareand Utah , existaseparately named entities. Under each of these there

may also be historical dates listed. However, for theUnited States,no history period is given before theColonial period,ca. 1600-1770." The republicsofhe Soviet Union are treated differently, in thatarly history may be covered by an indication that

works are written about the area up to a certainignificant date , suchas "Ukraine — History - To

1648" and "Latvia - History - To 1562."Specificime periods may be added as warranted by the

books catalogued at the Library of Congress.When we adopted the term "Soviet Union"in

1981 we decided to retain the language andnationality adjective "R ussia n" and to continue our60-year-old practice of using "Russian" as thegeneral adjective for citizens of the Soviet Unionnstead of introducing the adjective "Soviet."Weecognize that this practice requires the word

"Russian" to do double duty, first as a specificnationality designation,and second as a collectiveword describing all Soviet citizens. We are wellaware that not all Soviet citizens are "Russians" inthe limited nationality sense.We were, however,persuaded to cont inue our practice of using"Russians" in a broad sense because the distinctionbetween Russian and Soviet is not commonly madeby persons using library card catalogues,nor bymany authors of general books. To require thatboth users and cataloguers distinguish whether,forinstance, the movie "The Russians Are Coming,The Russians Are Com ing" was really about people

of the Russian nationality or about Russians,Ukrainians, Byelorussians, etc. so that the term"Sovie t" could be used, places an in to lerableburden on people to make a distinction where nonemay have been intended or can be possible.

People should be assured, however, if a workwere catalogued that is specifically and unambiguously identified as concerning one specificrepublic or nationality within the Soviet Union,such as on Ukraine or Ukrainians,it would receivean appropriate and specific heading. Similarly, if awork were cataloguedon two republics or nationalities such as Ukraine and Lithuania, it wouldreceive an appropriate headingfor each. If a workwere catalogued on three of the nationalities in theSoviet Union, it would receive headings for allthree. However, only if the work covered four ormore nationalities or republics would the heading"Russians" (in this case meaning "citizensof theSoviet Union ") or "Soviet Union" beused. This is ourgeneral rule of three: if more than three similiarhead ings --are needed, ass ign th e nex tbroader heading available. We accept: theambiguous use of "Russian" as ч language, anationality, and a substitute for "Soviet" on thebasis of conveniencefor cataloguers andfor generalusers of catalogues. Regardless of the technicallynarrow meaning of the term "Russian," we accept

that most educated Americans failto distinguishthe subtle difference between "Russians"and"Soviet people" and use the two terms interchangeably.

To ensure understanding of our practices, hereisanother example. If we catalogue a book titled"Soviet Cooking Today," it would receive thesubject "Cookery, Russian" in two cases: 1) if it isabout cookery in more than three republics orreflecting more than three nationalities in theSoviet Union, or 2) if it is limited to cookery in theRFS FR fsicj or bypeople of the Russiannationality.Awork on Ukrainian cookery will receive the heading

"Cookery, Ukrainian,"a work on Uzbek cookerythe heading "Cookery, Uzbek,"and so forth.We hive no intention whatsoeverof ignoring the

nationalities that make up the Soviet Union andwill recognize them whenever appropria teto do soin our cataloguing. We also have no intention ofmisinforming congressmen and senators on thesubject of the USSR. The authorof "Action Items"has misinterpreted our practices. — Mary K. D.Pietris, chief, Subject Cataloguing Division,Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540.

Comment on statementby Library of C ongress

This is my commenton the "Library of CongressStatement on Subject Headings for Russians andthe Soviet Union," which you presented at theconference of the Ukrainian Library Association ofAmerica in Philadelphia. I am sorry that I cannotagree with your argumen ts. The fallacy liesin yourregarding "Russia" and the "Soviet Union" asidentical terms. Russia (RSFSR)is not the SovietUnion, but a part of it. The Soviet Union is not thelatest form of namefor the country called Russia,asyour statement mistakenly implies. Therefore,you

(Continued on pap 12)



10 T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K LY S U N D AY, O C TO B ER 3 . 1 9 8 2 N o . 40

M E D I A A C T I O N C O A L I T I O N

C O M B ATC O R R E S P O N D E N C E

Ш "Twenty-two years ago I sent my first memorandum to the Library of Congress concerning thenecessary changes in its main entries, subject headings,and classification schedules, which were dictated bythe political changes in Europe after1914 .The Libraryof Congress, as wella s many oth er libraries could haveavoided many problems and unnecessary expenses, ifthe LC would not have ignored my suggestions formany years, but had accepted them in time, whenSlavic collections in North America were sti l lrelatively small. ...

"1 do kn ow the reasons why a few years ago the LChad temporarily to postpone working on furtherchanges. Although it seems tom e that the situation haschanged recently for the better, nevertheless in thisletter I would like to propose nothing else but a

cancellation of some discriminatory notes, theremoving of which requires neither additional fundsnor personnel, and could be done in a few minutes.

"Several years ago the L C accepted the regional, orethnic principle in the new history schedule forCzechoslovakia. Now the local history of Slovakia isincluded in the history schedule of Slovakia and thisfact allows libraries to keep all historical materials onSlovakia together. However, the LC does not want toapply this principle to the non-Ru ssian republics of theSoviet Union. ...

"My final request to the Library of Congress is tocancel also the restrictive notes, which tell cataloguersnot to classify the revolutionary periods of the years1905-6 and 1917-21 within the histo ry schedules of thenon-Russian republics, but as a local revolutionaryhistory of Russia (DK264.2 and DK26S.8). Followingthese discriminatory notes, cataloguers disperse thebooks, which cover the very important periodsincluding the period of independence of severalrepublics, among materials covering history ofRussia...." - Andrew Turchyn, librarian and professoremeritus, Indiana University Library, Bloomington,Ind., in a letter to William J. Welsh, deputy librarianof Congress, Washington.

Ш"...The action you have taken thus far appears tobe correct. However, if you have not already done so,it would be beneficial to write to the chairman of theJoint Committee on the Library who has oversight ofLibrary of Congress administration. ...

"I appreciate your support and wish you everysuccess in your endeav ors." - Richard Richa rds,chairman, Republican National Committee, in a letter

to Andrew Turchyn.

Ш "In 1960, when I was head of the Slavic Sectionand associate head of the Catalogue Department,Indiana University Library, Bloom ington, Ind., I senta memorandum to the Library of Congress in which Isuggested many changes in its main entries, subjectheadings and classification schedules dictated by thechanges in the political map of Eastern Europe.

"It was hard to believe that the Library of Congress,which ought to be the center of correct and u p-to-dateinfo rm atio n, w ould as late as I960 still use theunrevised classification schedules which reflected thepolitical situation in Eastern Europe before 1914.

"Fo r many years the Library of Congress continuedto refuse to make the necessary changes. Only afterpressure was exerted by the Slavic and East EuropeanSection of the Association of College and ResearchLibraries, as well as the Am erican Association for theAdvancement of Slavic Studies did the Library ofCongress finally m ake some of the suggested changes.However, it still regards the non-Russian republics ofthe Soviet Union as provinces of Russia and classifiestheir regions and cities as Russian ones. By doingso , the Library of Congress not only misinforms ourpublic, but also suppo rts the Russians and discouragesthe enslaved peoples in their struggle for freedom.

"Since in the past the Library of Congress refused tomake the necessary changes supposedly for economic

reasons, in my letter of March 10, a copy of which isenclosed, I suggested only such changes which wouldrequire no additional funds or personnel. Yet, to thisday, even the receipt of my letter was not acknowledged. ..." - Andrew Turchyn, in a letter to Rep.Augustus F. H awkins, chairman, Joint Committee onthe Library, Washington.

Ш "Several years ago, when I had pleasure ofmeeting you at a sports event in Bloomington,I talkedwith you aboutm y disappointm ent with the Library of

Congress concerning its policy of cataloguing Slavicand East European materials. At that t ime youexpressed your willingness to do whatever might beappropriate in order to improve the situation. Now itseems to me that I have to ask you for your help.

"For several decades the Library of Congressneglected to recognize many changes tha t occurred onthe political map of Europe in the 20th century, whenseveral East European countries, previously ruled byAustria, Germany, Russia and Turkey, became eitherfully independent states or federated republics.According to the Library of Congress classificationschedules, such Czechoslovak territories as Moraviaand Slovakia, for exam ple, as late as 197S still wereregarded as the Austrian provinces; ... There was asimilar situation with Poland. The Polish provinces,cities, etc. were classified a s Austrian, Germ an orRussian ones as if Poland still was partitioned in'1975 . ...

"...Only in the70 s the Library of Congress started tomake some changes under the pressure of the Slavicand East European Section of the Association ofCollege and Research Libraries as well as theAmerican Association for the Advancement of SlavicStudies. How ever, the most urgent changes, related toRussia and the Soviet Union, have been postponed.For the Library of Congress, our de facto nationallibrary and supposed center of up-to-date and correctinformation, the Soviet Union did not even exist in1980 . ...

"Instead of demanding from the Russians that theyrespect the rights of the non-Russian republics,provided in their constitutions, we ourselves treatthese republics as colonies of Russia.

"The Library of Congress, by its policy of cata

loguing materials related to these republics, has beencreating the public opinion that these republics areindeed the provinces of Russia....

"As far as the Library of Congress is concerned, 1wish nothing else from our de facto national librarybut accurate information for our public about Russia'and the non-Russian republics of the Soviet Union....

"I shall appreciate, if you, Dear Sen. Lugar, andperhaps some of your colleagues in the Congresswould be willing to investigate the situation at theLibrary of Congress and to press for the necessarychanges. ..." — Andrew Turchyn, in a letter to Sen.Richard G. Lugar, Washington.

Ш "I was very glad to receive your recent lettermailed up on you r return from Urb ana , 111.

"When I received a copy of your previous

correspondence tom e concerning Library of Congresscataloguing of Slavic and East European materials, Iwrote immediately to the librarian of Congress, Mr.Daniel Boorstin.

"I requested Mr. Boorstin to have someone on hisstaff address the concerns you have about Library ofCongress policy and its failure to recognize the currentgeographic situatio n...." - Sen. Richard G. Lugar, ina letter to Andrew Turchyn.

U "Your letter in which you proposed that thelibrary initiate several changes in the text of SubclassDK of the LC Classification' System, was referred tome for reply as I have overall responsibility for thecataloguing processes at the Library of Congress. „.

"These proposals were referred to the SubjectCataloguing Division, the division that is charged withthe responsibility for developing and maintaining theLC Classification System. In reviewing the firstproposal the division did agree that a few simplerearrangements in Subclass DK were possible along thelines that you suggested.... With the exception of thelocalities of the Russian SFSR, all of the localitiescurrently provided for under DK511 or DK651 wouldbe shifted to their corresponding numbers under theindividual republics. The localities of the RussianSFS R, however, would remain where theya r e , and thespan DK511-651, would be used henceforth solely forlocalities of this republic. „.

"In regard to the second proposal we wish to state

that we are n ot able to follow thro ugh on it,since to doso would violate our policy for the treatment ofwars,revolutions, etc. Today we provide only one block ofnumbers for an event of this kind in the schedule,including provision for local history. If exceptions doexist in the various history schedules, they stem fromearlier times when other policies may have been ineffect. Therefore, all ma tters involving the Revolutionshould be classed in DK265-265.95 according toexisting policy. We do not wish to disperse thematerial. ..." - Lucia J. Rather, director for cataloguing, Library of Congress, Washington, in a letterto Andrew Turchyn.

Ш "I am grateful to you and glad that I finallyreceived the answer to my letter of March 10,addressed to Mr. W illiam J. Welsh, deputy librarian ofCongress. ...

"The Library of Congress has heard many times andfrom many persons that the classification schedulesrelated to the area and peoples of the Soviet Unionhave been in the most u rgent need ofrevision.Ye t , theanswer usually has been that such a revision has notbeen possible at the present time, although at the sametime entirely new classification schedules were beingprepared for several countries (Albania, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, etc.) and major shifts incollections were being made....

"In LC Classification" Add it ions and Chan ges, list2 0 5 , Janua ry-M arch 1982, the Library of Congresspresents an entirely new history schedule for Yugoslavia. At the beginning of it thereis a note: For workslimited to specific republics, see the individualrepublic.... Why, then, is it not possible to rework inthe same way the classification schedule for the SovietUnion, or at least to apply the same principle ofkeeping together all materials on a specific republiceven within the present, classification sche dule? ...

"In regard to m y second proposal, you write that theLC is not able to follow through on it, since to do sowould violate our policy for the treatment of wars,revolutions, e t c . " In spite of the fact that the LC hasspecial schedules for both world wars, the years 1914-8and 1939-45 are not eliminated from the historyschedules of individual countries, are they? I also donot know what other revolutions, besides the Russianones, you have in mind, which are treated the same

way. Besides, the LC does not apply the restrictivenotes to the entire area of the former R ussian Empire,but only to those republics which have not beensuccessful in their struggle for independence. Althoughtoday the status of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania isnot better than that of Ukraine (which is a member ofthe U.N.), there are no restrictive notes in theirschedules , not ment ioning. Poland and Fin land,former parts of the Russian Empire. ...

"I assure you, Dear Ms. Rather, that all librariansdealing with the Slavic and East European.materialswould be delighted if the LC would apply the sameprinciples in cataloguing materials related to the non -Russian republics of the Soviet Union, which the LCnot long ago started to apply to the constituentrepublics of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, as isreflected in their new history schedules." — AndrewTurchyn, in a letter to Lucia J. Rather.

Ш "Thank you for bringing to public attention thedistinctive role Ukraine plays within the Soviet Union,and the fear Ukrainian nationalism instills in theRussian Comm unist hierarchy ( 'Kremlin FearsRestive Ukraine', September 22). It is high time thatthe West recognizes the powerful allies it has in thenon-Russian republics of the USSR. ...

"My only disagreement with the article deals withyour description of Ukrainian support of the Germansagainst the Russians. While it is true that at thebeginning of the war Ukrainians expected the Germantroops to be civilized Western liberators, and soproclaimed independence in 1 9 4 1 ,they all too quicklyrealized that their German invaders were just astyrannical and brutal as the Russians. The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the UkrainianInsurgent Army began a two-front war against boththe Nazis and the Russians. In fact, it was theUkrainian army that assassinated Victor Lutze,achiefof the Nazi SS forces and one of Himmler's mosttrusted aides in 1943.

"Hence Ukraine should not be considered an allyofthe Germans, but rather a country which faced theimpossible task of struggling against two hostile forcessimultaneously. The fight against Berlin has ended;the one with Moscow has been - and will be —continued." - Katberine C. Chumachenko, director,Ukrainian National Information Service, Washington, in a letter to Jack Anderson, Washington.



N o .4 0 T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K LY S U N D AY. O C TO B E R 3 . 1 9 8 2 11

Ukrainian street names abound throughout U.S.

by Stephen P. Holutiak-Hailick Jr.

Scattered througho ut the United States arenumerous areas which bear Ukrainian names. Takenas a w hole the collection o f cities, villages, po st o ffices,parks, bridges, vacation resorts and streets totals, todate, approximately 150.

In recent articles the two most common Ukrainianplacenames in the United States - Mazeppa andOdessa — were presented. The purpose of thisdiscussion is to catalogue the streets which bear orbore Ukrainian names and influences.

The majority o f Ukrainian imm igrants settled in theindustrial center of the United States. However, thetrappings of city life or mining-steel town did not stopthem from leaving an imprint of their culture. T oth isend,one could say that these circumstances served tostrengthen their will to ensure that others knew whoUkrainians were. The American way of life hasaffected all ethnic communities; some for the better,others for worse. Yet, as the old neighborhoodsdisappear, certain landmarks, such as streets, remainto remind on e, if so inclined, of th e past — if only in aname!

An analysis of the street names in our collection

reveals certain generalizations. First, some names aretransplanted geo graphic features which remind peop leof their Ukrainian homeland. Other names are inho nor o f pro minent historic and literary figures .ofUkraine. Interestingly, a number of streets are namedin hono r o f Ukrainian immigrants or their American-born offspring who made lasting contributions orsacrifices to the United States. Such cases a re reservedmostly for U.S. servicemen killed in action or forprominent citizens. Lastly, there a re streets which bearorganization or family names of early settlers and orland developers.

How each street name came about is not ourpurpose, although information is available.1 Here, ourpurpose is only to form a registry.

Existing streets

1. Andrew Drive , S ter l ing Heights , Mich, (mid1950 - present).

2 . Bandera Dr ive , Ann Arbo r, Mich. (1964 -present ) .

3 . Baran Drive , Glen Spey, N .Y. (ear ly 1960s -present ) .

4 . B o h d a n P l a c e , S o u t h P l a i n fi e ld ( N o v a U k r a i n e ) ,N .J . (1927 - present ) .

5 . C a p p S t r e e t , C a r t e r e t , N . J . ( m i d 1 9 5 0 s -present ) .

6. Carpethia Street , South Plainfield (N ov aUkraine), N.J. (1927 - present).

7. Dibrova Drive , Br ighton, Mich. (1955 - present ) .8 . F a n o k R o a d , To w n s h i p o f H a n o v e r, M o r r i s

Co unt y, N.J . (ear ly 1930s - present ) .9. Franko Avenue, South Plainfield (Nova

Ukraine), N. J. (1927 - present).10 . Ivan Franko Ro ad, Glen Spey, N.Y . (circa 1979-

present).

1 1 . Geba R o ad, Glen Spey, N .Y. (c i rca 1966 -present ) .

1 2 . Gind a Aven ue, Car tere t , N .J . (mid 1950s -present ) .

1 3 . H a l k o D r i v e , To w n s h i p o f H a n o v e r, M o r r i sCo unty, N .J . (ear ly 1960s - present ) .

1 4 . Ivani tsky Terrace , Car tere t , N.J . (mid 1950s -present ) .

1 5 . H o l l o w a t y - K o z a k R o a d , G l e n S p e y, N . Y. ( ci rc a1966 - present).

1 6 . Hun czek Bo ulevard , Glen Spey, N.Y . (ci rca1966 - p resent ) .

1 7 . Genera l Samuel Jaski lka Highway, Shel ton ,Conn. (1980 - present ) .

1 8 . Kindrachuk R oa d N o . 1 , Glen Spey, N .Y. (c irca1966 - present ) .

1 9 . K i n d r a c h u k R o a d N o . 2 , G l en S p e y, N . Y. ( c i rc a1966 - present).

2 0 . Kuzyk R oa d, Creamridge , N.J . (c i rca 1952 -present ) .

2 1 . Lepky Aven ue, Cream ridge , N.J . (c i rca 1952 -present ) .

2 2 . Maliniak St ree t , Monessen, Pa . (1925-present ) .2 3 . Mark ow itz St ree t , Car tere t , N.J . (mid 1950s -

present ) .

2 4 . M a z e p p a R o a d , M a z e p p a , N . C . ( ? - p r es e n t ).2 5 . Minu e St ree t , Car tere t , N.J . (195 4 - present ) .2 6 . N iader Cour t , Cl i f ton , N .J . (1974 - present) .2 7 . O d e s s a Av e n u e , Va n N u y s , Calif. ( 1 9 2 3 -

present ) .2 8 . Odessa Drive , Yorba Linda , Calif. (1968 -

present ) .2 9 . Odessa Place , P i t t sburgh (Eas t Liber ty) , Pa .

(pre-1913 - present ) .3 0 . Pi t io R o ad, Glen Spe y, N.Y . (c i rca 1966-

present ) .3 1 . Ro hatyn Street , Sou th Plainfield (N ova

Ukraine), N .J. (1927 - present).3 2 . St . John 's Parkw ay, Johnso n Ci ty, N .Y. (1953 -

present ) .3 3 . St . Josaphet Dr ive , Warren , Mich. (1973 -

present ) .(Continued oo pare 12)

1. Stephen T. Holutiak-Hailick Jr., "Slavic ToponymicAtlas of the United States, Volume I: Ukrainian''(New York:

Slavic Onom astic Research Group, 1982), 145 pp.

. Holutiak-Hailick Jr.

C a r p a t h b S t r e et i n S o u t h P l a in f i el d , N J .

U k r a in e R o a d i n H a n o v e r To w n s h i p , N J .

U . S I N I T I AT I V E S T O C H A N G E A N E X I S T IN G N A M ET O O N E B E A RI N G A U K R A IN I A N N A M E

1.

2 .

3 .

4 .

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Year

1958

1958

1961

1968

1968

1979/81

1981

1982

1982

Location

- Panne, Ohio

Parma, Ohio

Passaic, N.J.

Carnegie, Pa.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Uniondale, N .Y.

Honolulu, Hawaii

Syracuse, N.Y.

Johnson City, N.Y

From

Marioncliff Drive

33rd Street

Hope AvenueorPresident Street

Mansfield Boulevard

Street in Loganor Oak Lane area

Newport Road

(new street)

(new street)

To Results

Shevchenk o Boulevard not attained

Kiev or Lviv Street

Shevchenko Avenue

Kiev Boulevard

Shevchenko Avenue

Shevchenko Avenue

Liasiansky Avenue

Shevchenko Avenue

Ukrainian Place

not attained

ObtainedTaras ShevchenkoPark in 1964

not attained

ObtainedTaras ShevchenkoPark in 1969instead

Local oppositionof residents

In organizationalplanning stage

Resolutionapproved by CityCouncil, pendingvote

Letter sentfrom Ummanto City officialsrequesting street



12 THE UKRA INIAN W EEKLY S U N D AY, OC TOBE R 3 , 1 9 8 2 N o. 4 0

Comment on statement...(Continued fro wjpeje J)

committed a great m istake when yo u transferred alldate subdivisions formerly included under Russiato the heading "Soviet Union." Russia did notdisappear when the Soviet Union was created". Youshould not be misled by the fact that the Russianshave ruled the So viet Un ion and have kept the non-Russian peoples in captivity.

Your complaint that The Ukrainian Weekly ofMay 23, 1982, "has misunderstood and misrepresented the position of the Library of Congress" isnot justified. You yourself wrote in the statement:"When we adopted the term 'Soviet Union'in 1981we decide to retain the language and nationalityadjective 'Russian' and to continu e our 60-year-oldpractice of using 'Russian'as the general adjectivefor citizens of the Soviet Union instead of introducing the adjective 'Soviet.' " The UkrainianWeekly did not change your statement. It onlyinformed its readers about the LC decision and

recommended action against it. The non-Russianswho consti tute about one-half of the entirepopulation of the Soviet U nion simply do not wishto be called "Russians," and there is nothing wrongin it.

In your statement you have mentioned thelibrary rule of three. However,'you have wronglyapplied it in the case involved . The term "R ussian"in no way can be regarded as the next broaderheading for "Ru ssian," "Estonian," "Latvian," andall other "non-Russian" elements in the SovietUnion. The next broader heading is "Soviet." Thebook titled "Soviet Cooking Today" should receivethe subject "Cookery, Soviet" and not "Cookery,Russian."

If a book is titled "Soviet Literature Today" itshould not be classified as Russian literature. Wemight have the subject heading "Jews, Russian," ifwe deal with Jews in Russia. However, if Jews arerelated to several republics, or to the Soviet Unionin general, the subject heading "Jews, Soviet"should be used.

In your statement you w rote that "most educatedAmericans fail to distinguish the su btle d ifferencebetween 'Russians'and 'Soviet people'and use thetwo terms interchangeably." I agree with you thatsuch a sad situation exists. Many Americans, welleducated in their fields, q uite often are ignorant inthe field of foreign affairs. I am sorry to say that theLC has contributed much to this ignorance by itsoutdated classification and wrong subject headings.

I hope that you, M s. Pietris, will find my criticismobjective and constructive. Since 1960, when I sentmy first suggestions to the LC , my only wish hasbeen to improve LC cataloguing and classification.Looking at my long correspondence with the LC aswell as my publications, one may see now whether Iwas right or wrong. Many changes have alreadybeen made by the LC although the unnecessarydelays have been costly. Much still has to be doneand I perceive it as my duty to serve our de factonational library with my experience. — AndrewTurchyn, professor and librarian em eritus, IndianaUniversity Library, Bloomingto n, Ind., in a letter toMary K.D. Pietris.

Ukrainian street..(CoBtinowlfrompettn)

34 . St. Michael ' s S t ree t , South Pla inf ie ld (NovaUkraine) , N.J. ( 1 9 2 7 - present ) .

3 5 . St . O l g a ' s P l a c e , S o u t h P l a in f i e l d ( N o v aUkraine) , N.J. (1927 - present ) .

3 6 . St . V l a d i m i r S t r e e t , Lo s A n g e l e s C o u n t y ,California (? - present ) .

37 . Sarniak St ree t , Monessen, Pa. ( 1 9 2 5 - p r e s e n t ) .38 . Sheptytzky Avenue, Creamridge , N.J. (circa

1952 - present ) .39 . S h e v c h e n k o D r i v e , Ann Arbor, Mich. (1964 -

present ) .4 0. S h e v c h e n k o Av e n u e , A u b u r n , N.Y. (1957 -

present ) .41 . S h e v c h e n k o Av e n u e , C r e a m r i d g e , N.J. (circa

1952 - present ) .4 2. Taras Shevchenko Road, Glen Spey, N.Y. (1965

- present ) .43 . S h e v c h e n k o P l a c e , New York, N.Y. (1978 -

present ) .44 . S h e v c h e n k o Av e n u e , P i s c a t a w ay To w n s h i p and

S o u t h P l a i n f i e l d ( N o v a U k r a i n e ) , N.J. ( 1 9 2 7 -present ) .

45 . Shevchenko Drive , Amhers t , N.Y. (circa 1968-present).

46 . Shevchenko Place , Spr ing Val ley, N.Y. (circa1963 - present ) .

47 . Ski tka Avenue, Car tere t , N.J. ( 1 9 5 2 - present ) .4 8 . S k u r k a y Av e n u e , M o n e s s e n , Pa. (1925 -

present).49 . Spoganetz Avenue, Car tere t , N.J. (early 1950s -

present).

50 . Stefanyk Road, Glen Spey, N.Y. (circa 1966 -present ) .

51 . Stanley Swit l ik Dr ive , Hamil ton Township , N.J.( 1 9 8 0 - present ) .

5 2. Sunf lower Dr ive , Glen Spey, N.Y. (circa 1966-present ) .

53 . Tel iska Avenue, Defree tsvi l le , N.Y. (1949 -present ) .

54 . Ukraine Road, Township of Hanover, Morr isC o u n t y, N.J. (1961 - present ) .

55 . Ukraine Drive , Columbus , Ga. (1967 - present ) .5 6 . U k r a i n i a n S t r e e t , M o n e s s e n , Pa. (1925 -

present ) .57 . Worty lko St ree t , Car tere t , N.J. (mid 1950s -

present ) .

P r i v a t e s t re e t s t h a t " w e r e "

1. Burz tyn Drive , Columbus , Ga. (1964-81) .2. D e m i a n o w D r i v e , C o l u m b u s , Ga. (1964-81) .3. Gal ic ia Dr ive , Columbus , Ga. (1964-81) .4 . Kiev Drive , Columbus , Ga. (1964-81) .5 . Kuropatnik Drive , Columbus , Ga. (1964-81) .6 . Lviv Drive , Columbus , Ga. (1964-81) .7 . S h e v c h e n k o D r i v e , C o l u m b u s , Ga. (1964-81) .

"Paper s t ree ts" : undeve loped by planners

1. Dnieper Street, South Plainfield (Nova Ukraina),N.J . (1927-34) .

1 Dnies ter S t ree t , South Pla inf ie ld (Nova U-kra ina) , N.J. (1927-34) .

3. Eugene Place , P isca taway Township (NovaUkraina) , N.J. (1927-35) .

SS.P. Holutiak-HallickJr.S h e v c h e n k o P l a c e in Spr ing Val ley, N.Y.

4

4. Hal ich St ree t , South Pla inf ie ld (Nov a Ukraina) ,N.J . (1927-34) .

6. Leo Place , P isca taway Township (Nova U-kra ina) , N.J. (1927-35) .

7 . Lessenko Place , P isca taway Township (NovaUkraina) , N.J. (1927-35) .

8 . P r u t P l a c e , P i s c a t a w a y To w n s h i p ( N o v aUkraina) , N.J. (1927-35) .

9 . S imon St ree t , South Pla inf ie ld (Nova Ukraina) ,N.J . (1927-34) .

10 . U k r a i n e S t r e e t , D e s e r t Ho t S p r i n g s , Calif.(1950s - present ) .

T H E M O T H E R S ' C L U BOF ST. J O H N THE B A P T I S TU K R A I N I A N C AT H O L I C S C H O OL

is sponsoring its

A N N UA L A U T UM N D A N C Efc PRIZESon Saturday, October 1 6, 1 9 8 2 at 8 :00p.m.

in the School Gym at 764 Sanford Avenuo. N ewark, N .J. 0 71 0 6Orchestra: C hervona Kalyna

m A dmission: Adults - S10.00. Students - S5.00.в For table reservations call M rs . 0. Ponos at ( 2 0 1 ) 5 3 3 4 ) 6 5 6ш All reservation of a full tab le (10 persons) are eligible for a discount of S I.00 per person.

ALL PROCEEDS ARE DESIGNATEDFOR THE SCHOOL

ooooooooooooooooooo

IN T H E FOOTSTE PSOF T HE PION EE R S

I N U K R A I N I A N

A SAGA OP UKRAINIAN AMERICABy Ulas S amchuk

A 26 8-p age hardcover novel about the U krainian settlement in the United S tates, spanning some

10 0 years ol history. Cover design by BOHDAN TYTLA.

Price: S I5 .0 0 (including postage and handling)

"I n the Footsteps of the Pioneers" is now available at the S votoda Bookstore. Please senda check or cash for tach order (New Jersey residents add 54 tax)

S V O B O D A B O O K S T O R E5 30 M o n t g o m e r y S t r ee t

7 ^ 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania

D I S T R I C T C O M M IT T E E OFUNA B R A N C H E SOF PIT T S B UR G H A N D W E S T E R N PE N N S Y LVA N I AANNOUNCES THATITS

O R G A N I Z AT I O N A L M E E T I N GWILL BE HELD

Sunday, October 10 ,1 9 8 2 ,at 2 p.m. - sharpat the 600 Glenwood A venue, A mbridge, Pa.

A ll members of the D istrict C ommittee, C onvention D elegates. Branch Officersof the following Branches are requested to attend without fail:

24 , 41, 53, 56, 63, 91, 96 ,109 ,113 ,120 ,126 , 132, 161, 264,276, 296. 338, 481

P R O G R A M :

1 . Opening Remarks.2 . Review of the organizational work of the D istrict during the past 9 months.

3. D iscussion of Fall Organizational Cam paifn.4. Adoption of membership campaign plan for balance of 1982.5. General UNA top ics.6. Questions and answers, adjournment

M eeting w ill be attended by:

D r . J o h n O . Fl i s , S upreme Presiden t

A n d r e w J u l a , S u p re m e A d vis or

DISTRICT COMMITTEE:A ndrew J u la

R e s i d e n tD mytro Holowaty

SecretaryEustachy Prokopowycz

Tr e a s u r e r



No. 40 T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K LY S U N D AY, O CTOB E R3 . 1 9 8 2 13

20,00 0 atte nd R hode Island H eritag e FestivalPRO VIDEN CE, R,I. - More than

20,000 people attended the fifth annualHeritage Festival held on Sunday,September 19, reported he ProvidenceJournal-Bulietin.

The festival, which included Ukrainian cultural booths, Ukrainian foodand a dance presentation, was sponsoredby the Rhode Island Heritage Commissionand was held on the front lawn and mallof the State House.

The Ukrainian subcommittee of theRhode Island Heritage Commission isheaded by Dimitri Sarachmon andincludes representatives rom all churchand various other Ukrainian organizations in Rhode Island.

They all contributed to the beautifuldisplays of Ukrainian folk art and foodbooths. Many helped sell the variousUkrainian arts and crafts to curiousfestival-goers.

Also included at this year's festivalwas an exhibit of photos of prominentUkrainians.

However, the highlight of the day wasthe Ukrainian entertainment suppliedby the Ukrainian American YouthAssociation Dancers under the direction of J ohn Baryski. The dance group'sperformance was filmed by a cable TVstation.

Labeled "an international experience,"the festival also featured the foods, artsand crafts and entertainment of the

The Ukrainian American Youth Association Dancers perform for festival-goers.

Polish , N ative A merican Indian, British,Latin American, Brazilian, Cape Ver-dean, I tal ian, Indo-Chinese, Arab,Portuguese, French, Irish, German,Lithuanian, Armenian, Greek, Chinese,Filipino and black peoples. The 11 a.m.opening ceremony featured the RhodeIsland Colonial Militia; entertainmentby the various ethnic groups was featured throughout the day, on the mallbefore the State House on Smith Hill.

To err is humanIn The Weekly's story on the Labor

Day weekend swim meet at Soyuzivka,the name of the winner of the girls' (age8-Ю ) 25-meter freestyle,25-meter butterfly and 4x2S-meter freestyle was incorrectly given, in accordance withinformation received from the swimmeet committee, as T alia. Buzan. Thewinner's name is Puala Buzan.

P l a n s u n d er w a y.5 3 )

spoke on the Canadian association ofprofessionals and businessmen; AdrianKaratnycky, who addressed recentdevelopments in Poland; and R omanKupchinsky who reviewed U.S. foreignpolicy . - - ,v .. ..

Duesjiave been set at S50 per member, or SI00 for m embers/benefactors;S500 for m embers/patrons.

The steering committee consists of:Bohdan Wytwycky (chairman), Dr.Yuriy Trytjak, Yuri Wedmid, VictorHatala, Bohdan Hajduczok and RomaHadzewycz.

For further information, interestedpersons may contact Natalka Pawlenkoduring business hours at (212) 564-4334.

Ne wJersey...(Continued from page 4)

held under the auspices of the Office ofEthnic Affairs.

On September 1, Gov. Kean issued aproclamation noting the ethnic diversity of New Jersey and declaring that theOffice of Ethnic Affairs and the Ethnic

Advisory Council would sponsor thefestival. It also proclaimed the week ofSeptember 6-12 as Ethnic HeritageWeek in the state.

Amon g those at the signing ceremonywere Ms. Burgio, Alvin S. Felzenberg,assistant secretary of state; Messrs.Pappas and Zochowski, and JuhanSimonson, coordinator of the LibertyPark Festival.

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14 THE UKRA INIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 3 ,1 9 8 2 No. 40

T he M adrid...(С о а Н ю и іtnm p p 7)

200 others "conditional leave,"a kind ofprobation. However, neither LechWalesa nor the top leadership andadvisers of Solidarity were amon g thosereleased. The Ministry of Interiorcautioned that those released could bereinterned if they did not take up "anormal life."

The practice of summary internmentdid not end. Slightly more than 2,000union and human-rights activists remained confined in 25 detention centersand prisons around the country on MayI. Not affected by the release were thoseserving prison sentences ranging fromtwo to 10 years for political offensesafter the imposition of martial law.

The relaxation measures were merelymodest and partial actions which didnot seriously affect the major issues ofreleasing the still-interned Solidarityleadership and other political prisonersand returning to a national dialogue.Also, military discipline remained inmajor factories and coal mines. At thesame time, the military authoritieswarned that they would deal harshly

with "agitators" and stood ready to"reimpose the rigors of martial lawshould excesses and social unrest"develop. The nature of this threatbecame evident a few days later whenthe authorities employed ZOMO andregular p olice forces ruthlessly throughout the country against those whoprotested, at first peacefully, againstmartial law in conn ection with activitiescommemorating the Polish Constitution on М аУ 3, 1791. By May 4, therigors of martial law had returned. Forexample, the curfew was reimposed inWarsaw and elsewhere, telephone communications disrupted, some publicgatherings prohibited, and use of private vehicles banned. The authorities

announced on May 10 that 2,269 persons had been arrested for martial lawviolations since M ay 1 and adm itted thatover 1.300 of these had received sentences of up to three months in jail.Another 211 persons were interned.Thus, after months of martial law, thewidespread violation of internationallyrecognized human rights in Polandcontinued. The si tuation in Polandremained tense and uneasy as theauthorities were unable to resolve thecountry's poli t ical , economic andsocial problems.

BULGARIA: Bulgarian implementation of the final act deterioratedsomewhat during the reporting period,

remaining spotty at best. The B ulgariangovernment administers a system inwhich the exercise of civil and politicalrights is severely restricted. The development of organized and vocal dissentis firmly discouraged.

There are indications that the Bulgarian leadership is concerned over thepossible impact of labor unrest inPoland. Official Bulgarian reaction tothe imposition of martial law in Polandwas overwhelmingly supportive as

typified by the Army daily's (NarodnaArmiya) characterization of martial lawas "the last resolute measure aimed atstopping the process of destabilization."However, at the Ninth Bulgarian TradeUnion Congress in Ap ril, the Bulgarianleadership called for greater "socialistdemocracy" in the trade-union movement and criticized the unions for notbeing sufficiently sensitive to the needsof the workers.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Czechoslovak implementation of the final actremains fundamentally flawed, particularly on Principle VII, human-rightsissues. Continuing Czechoslovak nervousness, uncertainty and heightenedsensitivity bver events in Poland havecaused a government normally suspicious of dissent and reform to becomeeven more intolerant.

There are two primary groups withinCzechoslovakia that concern themselves with human rights. One is Charter77; the other is the Committee for theDefense of the Unjustly Prosecuted(VONS). Charter 77 is a movement ofintellectuals, workers and studentswhich has been seeking to persuade the

Czechoslovak government to abide byits own laws and international commitments regarding human and civil rig hts.Charter 77 has issued several studies ontopics such as the standard of living, theplight of pensioners, and the right totravel abroad. VONS concentrates onabuses of the judicial system and usespublic records and reports from friendsand relatives of the accused to issuecommu niques on cases where it believesthe police, the courts or the prisonshave abused citizens' civil or humanrights. These communiques are distributed to Czechoslovak authorities.

As a result of their activities, members of both these groups have suffered.considerable persecution, including lossof jobs, detention, loss of educationalopportunities for their children, imprisonment and harassment such as suspension of driving licenses and surveillance. More significantly, the government has attempted to suppressdissident activity by periodically arresting, trying and sentencing leadingmembers of the movement to prisonterms on changes of anti-state activities.Many people active in Charter 77 haveemigrated in the face of harassment bythe authorities, and some have beenstripped of their citizenship. The policefrequently detain hu man-rights activistsfor 48 hours before releasing them withwarnings. Harassment of individuals

detained in such circumstances alsooften includes attempts to persuadethem to emigrate. Indeed, during thereporting period, dissident musicianand Charter 77 signatory Karel Sou kupand his family emigrated in Marchunder threats of trial on "breach ofpeace" charges dating from 1976. Soukup previou sly served 10 mon ths in

' p r i s o n f o r " h o o l i g a n i s m " ( s i n g i n g"unauthorized" songs).

Occasionally, trials are held and

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prison sentences are imposed for termsranging from one to five years or morefor crimes such as subversion, incitement and parasit ism. Although thenumber of trials and arrests in the lastsix months has not been as great asduring the previous "reporting period,the'practice of isolated individual trialsof human-rights activists continues.

As previously reported, in May 1981at least 30 persons were arrested in acrackdown against Charter 77, VONSand the underground Literature andInformation Network. Eighteen persons faced up to 10 years in prison oncharges of subversive ties with foreigncountries. By late October, seven of thepersons arrested in May remainedconfined although no trial had takenplace. On March 22, journalist KarelKyncl, sociologist Jirina Siklova, EvaKanturkova and Jan Ruml were released from prison but the charges werenot dropped. Three others, Jiri Ruml,Dr. Jan Mlynarek and Dr. MilanSimecka, were not released until May29. In a related development, for thefirst time in recent memory Czechoslovak President Husak pardoned a political prisoner. Drahomira Sinoglova was

serving a one-year sentence for "incitement to rebellion" for publishing allegedly illegal material by contemporary Czechoslovak writers. The case ofMrs. Sinoglova, a mother of threeexpecting her fourth child, arousedconsiderable world sympathy duringher imprisonment.

Pressure also has continued on religious activists, another focus of human-rights activity. Church-state relations nCzechoslovakia are widely thought tobe the worst of all the East Europeancountries. There are indications that theauthorities, ever fearful of events inPoland, want to prevent the CatholicChurch from developing any similarcapability to influence events in Czechoslovakia.

Freedom of religious belief andfreedom to practice religion theoretically are guaranteed in the Czechoslovak Constitution. Nonetheless, theauthorities rigorously regulate religiousactivity. Those who stray beyond thenarrowly defined permissible boundaries are subject to pun ishment. Forexample, Jesuit Frantisek Lizna, whopreviously received a sentence of 20months in October on charges of illegally publishing and distributing religious material, subsequently was givenan additional seven months in Marchfor allegedly providing two visitingGerman priests "information aboutchurches" in Czechoslovakia. Morerecently, in Slovakia, Father GabrielPovala was sentenced to eight monthsfor allegedly trying to influence youngpeople toward religious vocations.Father Jaroslav Duba, a Dominican,received IS month s' imprisonment inPlzen in December 1981 for allegedlyobstructing state supervision of relig ion , and Father Josef Barta wassentenced in Liberec to 18 months inprison on the same charge on April 6.

Despite harassment, Charter 77spokesmen and others continue tomonitor and comment on the government's failure to implement the FinalAct. For example, on March 3, newCharter 77 leaders Dr. Radim Palous,

Anna Marvanova and Ladislav Lisaddressed an appeal on religious freedom to the Czechoslovak government.The document called on the authoritiesto adopt an II-point program onfreedom of religion in accord with theprovisions of the CSCE Final Act onthis subject. This is unlikely since theauthorities remain suspicious of the roleplayed by the Church in Poland andhave been engaged in a major effort tosuppress the distribution of religioussamizdat.

Charter TJ also issued a number ofother documents on subjects of extremesensitivity to the authorities, including alengthy document on the state of theCharter 77 m ovement in its fifth year; astatement and study discussing therecent price increases and calling forreform of the trade unions; and an openletter to the w riters' cong ress. Thestatement on price increases and trade-union reform was a particularly compelling document which concluded thatcorrecting the unfavorable state of theCzechoslovak econom y required democratization of the economy and ofsociety. It urged the authorities not torega rd "criticism o f ex isting negativeaspects as subversion" and characterized reformed trade unions as "thenatural basis for defending the economic interests of citizens." In addition,there have been many VONS bulletinswhich com ment on and detail the arrestand detentions of various Czechoslovakhuman-rights activists. In response,Czechoslovak authorities temporarilydetained and warned two of the threeCharter 77 spokesmen plus their familiesnot to publish material on sensitivetopics. In addition, Ladislav Hejdanekand his family were detained and told todisband the Jan Patochka seminarswhich frequently feature foreign guestslecturers.

It should be noted that althoughCzechoslovakia is a signatory to theCSCE Final Act, the Czechoslovakgovernment has reacted strongly toexpressions of concern about human-rights violations in C zechoslovakia byother governments or non-governmental institutions. Czechoslovakia continues to place a heavy emphasis on thefinal act's principle of non-intervention.It asserts that it is in full compliance withthe final a ct and regards outside investigation or commen t as interference in itsinternal affairs. Since recent events in

Poland, however, the Czechoslovakgovernment has been in the forefront ofthose who have accused the UnitedStates and certain West European statesof violating this principle with regard tothe actions taken in response to theimposition of martial law in Poland.

With regard to Poland, the Czechoslovak government refuses to acknowledge the existence of any major CSCEviolations in that country and has beenan enthusiastic supporter of the establishment of martial law and the consequent "norm alization" process there. InFebruary the party daily Rude Pravoaccused the Catholic Church in Polandof exerting considerable influence onSolidarity's transformation into "acounterrevolutionary social movement."

In commentary related to Poland , theCharter 77 movement has circulatedmaterial which has urged the Czechoslovak government to address majorpolitical and social problems in Czechoslovakia which the Charter movement believes are analogous to thosewhich led to the present situation inPoland. Charter 77 also issued a commentary on events in Poland and astatement on a day of solidarity withPoland . The au thorities have refused toacknowledge or to respond to theseallegations and in fact took certain

measures immediately following thedeclaration of martial law in Polandwhose clear intent was to prevent anydissident commentary on those events.A number of leading Charter 77 andVONS figures, including Vaclav Maly,Jiri Hajek and Ladislav Lis, weredetained or warned to remain silentabout events in Poland. In addition, anumber of y oung peop le were detainedin January for distributing leafletsurging Czechoslovak solidarity with thePolish work ers. - - ' b-owurtm



No. 40 THE UK R AINIAN WEEKLY SU NDAY, OCTOBER3,1982 15

Essays on Austrian...(Continued rom pafe 5)

work is particularly useful to those wh omistakenly view Ukrainian-Jewishrelations as an unbroken history ofUkrainian anti-Semitism confrontingJewish Ukrainophobia.

To be sure, both anti-Semitism andUkrainophobia existed (one is hard putto name any country, including theUnited States, which has no history ofanti-Semitism), but this is hardly thewhole story. As Dr. Everett, a formerResearch Associate of both the YIVOInstitute for Jewish Studies and theHarvard Ukrainian Research Institute,points out, it was a Ukrainian, IuliianRomanchuk, who was the first toadvocate Jewish national autonomy inthe Austrian Reichsrat,

She further notes that his courageousaction was followed by Ukrainianspeakers addressing Jewish politicalmeetings, Jews addressing Ukrainianmeetings, Jewish-Ukrainian electoralcoope ration, and cases wh ere Ukrainianacademics and intellectuals assistedJews in defending themselves fromPolish-inspired violence at the elections.This is a picture quite different from theone-sided stereotypes so often encountered in the American media.

While the attempt w as made to incorporate all three of the major nationalgroups which inhabited Galicia, thebulk of the material deals with Ukrainians. Prof. Peter Brock's study of IvanVahylevych helps explain the earlyfragmentation of the Ukrainian movement into Russophile and Polonophileorientations in addition to mainstreamUkrainian patriotism. Prof. John-PaulHimka's lively written essay on Ukrai-.nian voluntary art isan associationsattempts to explain the fundamentalproblem of the Ukrainian movement'sfailure to develop a strong urban base.

Prof. Martha Bohachevsky-Cho-miak's work on Natalia Kobrynskadeals with the fascinating and long-neglected subject of Ukrainian feminism. Leon id Rud nytzky traces thechanging image of Austria in the writ

ings of Ivan Franko . Prof. PaulMagosci's contribution on the languagequestion in eastern Galicia deals withwhat evolved into one of the centralissues facing the Ukrainian movementright up to World War I, and his secondcontribution, 4 historiographical guideto the history of Ukrainians in Galicia,will long be invaluable both to scholarsin the field and to anyone else whomight want to read up on some aspect ofUkrainian history.

The publication o f such an outstanding collection is a major event inUkrainian studies and an indispensibleaddition to the library of any oneseriously interested in Ukrainian history. Those who wish to order a copymay do so by sending S9.50 to: HarvardUniversity, Ukrainian Studies Fund,1383 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge,Mass. 02138.

Y uriy Badzio...(Continued rom pap 2)

2 of the Soviet Constitution states thatpower in the USSR rests with thepeople, and since all his writings support

Article 2 and the supposition thatSoviet power lies with the people, thenhe cannot be guilty of anti-Sovietagitprop.

Mr. Badzio concluded his statementby declaring a hunger strike to m ark the

1 second anniversary of his arrest, and toprotest the chauvinism of the CPSU.

Ms; Kyrychenko has suffered because of her husband's activities and herefforts in his defense. She was expelledfrom the Academy of Science of theUkrainian SSR in 1972.

In December 1980 she was ordered toserve a term of three months' forcedlabor as the result of an administrative

sanction leveled against her during herhusband's trial a year before..The Badzios have two children, a 19-

year-old son and a 12-year-old daughter.Mr. Badzio is not scheduled to bereleased until 1991.

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Twenty-three participate inChoral Conductors Seminar

by Nadia H. Skop

EDMONTON -Twenty-threechoirconductors from all parts of Canadaand the United States gathered onceagain at St. John's Institute here inAlberta from August 14 to 27 to participate in the seventh annual UkrainianChoral Cond uctors Seminar, organizedby the Ukrainian Music Society ofAlberta.

Though the topics change from yearto year, the purpose of the seminar is togain knowledge about, practice in, andappreciation for choral conducting andUkrainian musical culture in general.

The faculty, headed by VolodymyrKolesnyk of Toronto, was comprised ofZenoby Lawryshyn, composer, conductor and musicologist from Toronto,Maria Dytyniak, conductor of theDnipro Choir of Edmonton and aprincipal organizer of the seminar forthe past four years, and a new member,Irene Tchoryk, a young cond uctor fromEdmonton.

This year's main topic was intonation: how to arrive at the best sound,timbre and color in a choir. Includedalso were courses in church music,music theory, music appreciation,principles in conducting skills, andprivate lessons w ith Mr. Kolesnyk. The23 participants, in addition to m embersof the Dnipro and St. Basil's Ukrainian

Catholic Church choirs of Edmonton,made up the choir which sang for fourhours daily in preparation for the finalconcert in which each participant wasrequired to conduct a selected songfrom the repertoire.

In observance of the 100th anniversary of his birth, special recognition was given to KyryloStetsenko, a leading figure in Ukrainianmusical history, whose nationalism,humanitarianism and optimism arereflected in his works, two of whichwere part of this year's repertoire.

This seminar was by no means a two-week summer holiday. The schedulewas intense, rigorous and often frustrating as the participants tried to absorbthe incredible wealth of informationbeing offered. Classes were held from 9a.m. to 10 p.m. daily with breaks onlyfor meals (or more appropriately,bountiful feasts, prepared by St. John 'skitchen staff).

Students were quick t o learn that anyoutside preparation, practicing orrecreation would have to be done in thelate hours of the night. The words "freetime" are not in M r. Kolesnyk's colorful vocabulary and his untiring energy,drive and love for Ukrainian musicalculture inspired the participants to keepgoing, even when mental and physicalexhaustion finally caught up with them.

A Ukrainian perspectiveon the new s...

dissident news 'com m entary"pol i tics 'editonals"interviews"people ' reviewscomm unity new s'culture 'the arts'church affairs"education"upcoming eventsspecial features

THE U K R AINIAN W EEKLYW e cover it all.

C an you afford not to subscribe?I would like to subscribe to The U krainian W eekly for: year(s). (Sub scription rates:S5 per year for UNA members, S8 for non-members.)

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16 T H E U K R A I N IA N W E EK LY S U N D A Y, O C T O J P 3 , 1 9 8 2 m m

PR E V IE W OF E V E N T Sonday, October 4

H E M P S T E A D , N . Y. : T h e S k o -morokh y D ancers will begin registration for instruction in Ukrainiandancing today. Registration for newstudents from age 5 through 13will take place at 7 p.m. in St.Vladimir's Parish Center, 226 Un ion-dale Ave. Registration for the olderage group (age 1 4 a n dup) will b e heldat 8 p.m.

Roma Pryma Bohachevsky, arenowned Ukrainian dancer andchoreo grap her will instruct theclasses; she has been with the Sko-morokhy dancers for three years. Formore information, please call EllaKopyscianski (S16) 486-1710 orDarka Mociuk (914) 793-4907.

Weekend of October 8

WILKES-BARRE, Р а л The 44thannual convention of the League ofUkrainian Catholics of America willbe held here at the Sheraton Cross-gates Hotel.

During the three-day convention,

which will be hosted by the NorthAnthracite Council of th e league, theannual Ukrainian Layperson of theYear award will be presented to adedicated individual, chosen by acommittee.

NEWARK, NJ.: St John's Ukrainian Catholic Social Series here willsponsor a trip the week of O ctober 8-14 to the World's Fair in Knoxville,Tenn.

The bus leaves St. John's Ukrainian Catholic Church on Friday,October 8, and will travel v ia ,NewJersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland andVirginia, stopping in Roan oke, Va.,for the night.

The next day it continues on toNashville, Tenn., to hear the MusicCity Jubilee. On Sunday, there is athree-hour tour of Nashville, FortNashboro, Premiss Alley and thehomes of famous Opryland stars.

The next stop on the tour is theWorld's Fair, where the group willstay for two days.

On the return trip, included is atour of Richmond, Va., and Washington before heading for home. Allinterested should call M ichael Giengaas soon as possible at: (201) 372-6662.

Saturday, October 9

NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Institute of A merica will present the firstfall lecture of th e Harvard UkrainianResearch Institute series. "The Originof the Slavs" will be delivered byProf. Omeljan P ritsak, at the UIA, 2E . 79th St., at 5 p.m.

IRVINGTON, NJ.: Starshi plas-tunky, "Chortopolokhy" are sponsoring a dance at the UkrainianNational Home, 140 Prospect St.from 9 p.m. -1:30 a.m. Happy hour is

P R E V I E W O F E V E N T S is aservice provided free of charge byThe Ukrainian Weekly to the Ukrainian community. To have a Ukrainian community event listed in thiscolumn please send information(type of event, date, time, place,admission, sponsor, etc.) - along

\ with the phone number of a personwh o may be reached during daytimehours for any additional information- t o : PREVIEW OF EVENTS, T h eUkrainian Weekly 30 Montgomery

from 9-10 p.m. 'Veselka ' orchestrawill provide music for dancing.Admission is S7.

Saturday, October 9

HARTFORD, Conn.: T h e theatricalensemble "Tiazhko na Emihratsiyi,"under the auspices of the M. Pav-lushko SUM-A branch in Chicago,will present a revue titled "Inflation.''The evening of humor and satire willbe held at the South Catholic HighSchool, 21S South St., at 7 p.m.Tickets may be purchased for S5 atArka and Surma in New York. Formore information, call (914) 969-7486.

ABINGTON, Pa.: The UkrainianSavings and Loan Association inPhiladelphia and Janney Montgomery Scott Inc. are co-sponsoringSaturday Financial Sem inars at 1:30p.m. at the Ukrainian EducationalCultural Center, 700 Cedar Road.

The English-language seminarsbegan on Saturday, October 2, andwill also be held on October 23 andNovemb er 6 and 13. The subject oftoday's lecture will be a discussion onhow financial planning can help youattain your financial goals. Thespeaker will be Andrew Palashew-sky.

tion today, at 2:30 p.m. on the southstage. The festival, held at WorldWar II Memorial Park, features avariety of foods, crafts and enter-.tainment. There i s noadmission chargeto the three-day festival, and thepublic is invited.

BRIDGEPORT, Com.: The Ukrainian Women's League of Bridgeportis sponsoring a kaleidoscope ofUkrainian dance and fashion at 3:30p.m. at Sacred Heart University,5529 Park Ave. (off of Merritt Parkway, Exit 47 South, or 1-95, Exit 27North). The Voloshky Dance Ensemble from Philadelphia will perform Ukrainian dances. Duringintermissions, authenic Ukrainianregional dress will b e modeled for theaudience. For more information, call(203) 336-1332, or (203) 878-8856.Tickets are available at the door.

Saturday, October 16

NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Institute of America will present theopening of the Ukrainian Photographers' Association exhibition at 6p.m. Featured will be photographsby many Ukrainian artists includingAlexander S uchenko . The institute islocated at 2 E. 79th St., (212) 288-8660.

ball will start at 9 p.m. with musicprovided by H. Zarycky's Halychanyorchestra. T ickets a r e S 2 5per couple,SI5 per person. For more information, call the league at (313) 894-9334.

Sunday, October 24

ELMIRA H EIGHT S, N.Y. : Theyoung adults of St. Nicholas parishhere are sponsoring a winery tour.The day's schedule includes a 10:30a.m. divine liturgy celebrated atChrist the King Ukrainian CatholicChurch in Bath, N.Y. At 11:30 a.m.brunch win be served in the churchhall and at 12:30 p.m. everyone willleave for a tour of the Gold SealWinery. The tour and wine-tastingbegin at 1 p.m. At 4 p.m. the groupwill leave for Elmira Heights, N.Y.(about 35 miles), where at 5 p . m .therewill be a pizza party, films andsocializing at the St. Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic Church hall.

For the convenience of th e winery,the organizers of the tour need acount of people going on the tour byOctober 15. Please notify the rectoryby dropping a postcard to the St.Nicholas Rectory, 410 McCannsBoulevard, Elmira Heights, N.Y.14903.


CULVER CITY, CaHf.: West LosAngeles College, 4800 FreshmanDrive, is featuring a one-day (9 a.m.-5 p.m.) course on Ukrainian egg-dyeing. Course registration is S20.The instructor is Cathleen Handlin;she will teach stud ents the fine art ofpysanka making. No previous arttraining is necessary. For more

information call the college registration office at (213) 559-7993.

Sunday, October 31

NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Institute of America/ Ukrainian NationalAssociation Performing ArtistsGroup will present the first in a seriesof concerts for the fall season. "AnAfternoon of Classics" will be heldtoday at 3 p.m. at the UkrainianInstitute of America, 2 E. 79th St.The program includes performancesby three outstanding artists: LaryssaKrupa, pianist, Stefka Nazarkewycz,actress, and Laryssa Magun-Huryn,soprano.

Patriarch's pastoral...(Continoed from page 1)

of your homeland and the fulfillment ofyour respo nsibilities toward it. In orderto love you r homeland , you mustrecognize the beauty of the language,the history of the land and its people;then your love b ecomes an offering. Theoffering of such a love resulted in theformation of the Ukrainian InsurgentArmy, which became a living stronghold, a true symbol and a burningbanner for future generations."

Observing that " although each war isso inhumane," Patriarch Josyf statesthat any nation that respects itself andits identity, its sense of belonging to apeople, has not only the right, but theresponsibility to defend the noblestqualities of its people, the qualities ofliberty, fairness, national independ ence,freedom to express belief in God, haveits own Church and express its wish forGod's peace around the world. It mustdo everything in its power to pave the

Sunday, October 10

NEWARK, NJ.: The New JerseyRegional Council of the UkrainianNational Women's League of America is sponsoring a UNWLA Dayfrom 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. at S t John theBaptist Ukrainian Catholic Churchhail. The day's program includes alecture by Di\ Bohdan Cymbalisty at1:15 p.m., fine a r t a n dcrafts exhibits,a book sale, baked goods sale and araffle.

YONKERS, N.Y.: The theatricalensemble "Tiazhko na Emihratsiyi "'will present a revue titled "Inflation"at t he . SUM-A Home, 301 PalisadesAve. Tickets may be purchased atArka and Surma in New York. Forfurther information, call (914) 969-7486.

BOSTON: A concert of dances andsongs of Ukraine will highlight the30th anniversary celebration of theUkrainian American Youth Association (SUM-A) of Greater Boston, 2p.m. at West Roxbury High School,1205 VFW Parkway.

The Ukrainian American YouthAssociation's ensemble, which h a s 40young dancers and singers, is directed by Jo hn Baryski. The anniversaryprogram will feature a variety ofUkrainian folk dances ranging fromthe Kozak Sword Dance to theHopak. Ticket sales will benefit theassociation, a non-profit organization. P rices in advance tickets a r e :S5for adults, І З for youth. At the door,the charge is S7 for ad ults and SS foryouth. Further concert informationmay be obtained by calling MichaelNosal at (617) 668-7808.

WOONSOCKET, R.I.: The OdessaUkrainian Dancers of Rhode Island,sponsored by St. Michael's Ukrainian O rthodox Church will perform

Sunday, October 17

NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Institute of America will hold its officialopening of the fall season, today at 4p.m. The day will include a specialprogram with various guest perfor

mers. The institute is located at 2 E.79th St., (212) 288-8660.

WASHINGTON: The Ukra in ianWomen's League is sponsoring achildren's masquerade at the HolyFamily Center, 4250 HarewoodRoad, N.E ., at 2:30 p.m. The emceeof the event will be Martha Bazarko.


WASHINGTON: The Ukra in ianWomen's League is sponsoring a n artexhibit , featuring the works ofBohdan Borzemsky at the HolyFamily C enter, 4250 Harewood Road,N . E . The opening is tonight at 7:30p.m.; on Sunday, October 24, theexhibit will be open from 1 to 3 p.m.The public is cordially invited toattend.

MAPL EWO OD, N J.: The WomenfcClub of Holy Ascension UkrainianOrthodox Church will sponsor aChinese Auction at 6:30 p.m. in theparish hall at 652 Irvington Ave.There will be door prizes, gifts,raffles and arts and crafts. Dessertand coffee will be served. Ticketsmust be purchased in advance bycalling Anna Chudzey, club president at (201) 789-2346. Proceeds willbe used for th e church building fund.Vespers will be offered in church at5:30 p.m.

DETROIT: The Ukrainian Michigan League will bold its 50th anniversary banquet and ball at the Ukrainian National Temple. The keynoteaddress will be delivered by community activist Dr Mary Beck The