thermal_lab-manual.docx

7/24/2019 Thermal_lab-Manual.docx

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SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES

WINTER SEMSTER 2015-2016

MEE216 - Thermal E!"eer"! S#$%em$

La&'ra%'r# Re('r)

NAME * ----------------------------------------------------------

BRANCH * ----------------------------------------------------------

+EAR * ---------------- SEMESTER* -----------------------

REG,NO * ----------------------------------------------------------


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SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES

MEE216 - Thermal E!"eer"! S#$%em$

La&'ra%'r# Re('r)

Re!"$%er N': -------------------------------------------------

Certified that this is a bonafide record of work done by _____________________

of Mechanical Engineering / Mechanical with specialization in __________

Engineering during the year 20!-20" at #$% &ni'ersity( #ellore ) "*2 0+,

Fa(l%# I-Char!e

CONTENT

Sl,

N'

E./%,

Da%eName ' E./er"me% a!e N'


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C+CLE -I

1,De%erm"a%"' ' 3al3e %"m"! a) /'r% %"m"! ' a "%eral

('m&$%"' e!"e

2,

De%erm"a%"' ' /r'/er%"e$ ' a !"3e $am/le '"l

4, De%erm"a%"' ' r"(%"'al /'er ' a e!"e

,er'rma(e a) hea% &ala(e %e$% ' $"!le (#l")er /e%r'l

e!"e ('/le) "%h A,C,!eera%'r

5,er'rma(e a) hea% &ala(e %e$% ' %" (#l")er 'r

$%r'e )"e$el e!"e

C+CLE - II

6,er'rma(e %e$% ' )'&le $%a!e re("/r'(a%"! a"r

('m/re$$'r

7,De%erm"a%"' ' CO ' 8a/'r C'm/re$$"' Rer"!era%"'

$#$%em

9,De%erm"a%"' ' CO ' 8a/'r A&$'r/%"' Rer"!era%"'

$#$%em

:,C''l"! a) )ehm")""(a%"' /r'(e$$ -8a/'r ('m/re$$"'

a"r (')"%"'"! $#$%em

10, er'rma(e %e$% ' a"r &l'er


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INSTRUCTIONS TO THE STUDENTS

1, tudents are ad'ised to wear their $dentity card while entering the laboratory,

2, tudents are ad'ised to co.e with full unifor. and wear shoes while entering the

laboratory,

4, tudents are ad'ised not to wear any loose slee'es( rings( watches while perfor.ing

the eperi.ent,

, tudents are ad'ised to bring laboratory .anual( calculator( stationaries needed

while co.ing to the laboratory,

5, tudents are ad'ised to bring refrigeration table( stea. table and psychro.teric chart

e'ery class without fail,

6, tudents are ad'ised not to operate any euip.ent( .achines( engines on their own

without the knowledge of the faculty or the lab technician,

7, tudents are ad'ised to follow the instructions gi'en by the faculty inside the

laboratory,


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C+CLE - I


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E./% N' * 1

Da%e *

DETERMINATION OF 8AL8E TIMING OF AN INTERNAL

COMBUSTION ENGINE

AIM*

%o deter.ine the 'al'e ti.ing diagra. of a gi'en + stroke engine and to

deter.ine the actual co.pression ratio and epansion ratio of the engine,

AARATUS RE;UIRED*

, Measuring %ape

2, 1eeler augeROCEDURE*

, %he $nlet and Ehaust 'al'es are identified first,

2, %he %3C and 43C positions of the piston are found as follows, %he flywheel is

rotated and when the piston reaches an arbitrarily chosen location in the cylinder

a .ark is .ade on the flywheel against a fied .ark on the fra.e, %he flywheel

is rotated and when the piston co.es to the sa.e .ark in its downward stroke a

.ark is .ade on the flywheel against the fied .ark chosen, %he .idpoint of

these two .arks gi'es the %3C position of the piston and the dia.etrically

opposite position gi'es the 43C,

*, %he correct direction of rotation is found fro. the seuence of opening and

closing of the inlet and ehaust 'al'es,

+, %he circu.ference of the flywheel is deter.ined using the .easuring tape,

!, %he flywheel is rotated and the point at which the inlet 'al'e starts opening is

found out and its position is .arked on the flywheel against the fied .ark,

", i.ilarly the position at which it closes is also found out,

5, %he sa.e procedure is repeated for the ehaust 'al'e,


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6, %he distances of the opening and closing of the two 'al'es are .easured with

respect to the dead centre and con'erted into angles using the relation gi'en

abo'e,

RECAUTION*

7otate the flywheel in the correct direction,

T#/"(al 8al3e T"m"! D"a!ram

FORMULAE*

, 8ngular 9ocation(

*"0=D

l

here l ; Circu.ference length of the respecti'e e'ent eriod of duration of the e'ent


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l ; Connecting rod length( .

=8ngle fro. %3C( degree

r ; Crank radius( .

#c; Clearance #olu.e( .*

!, 8ctual Co.pression ratio( Ca; $nstantaneous #olu.e at $#C angle / #c,

OBSER8ATION TABLE*

, 4ore( . :

2, troke length( . :

*, Connecting rod length( . :

+, Co.pression ratio :

E8ENT C"r(mere(ele!%h< l =m>

A!larL'(a%"'

AARATUS RE;UIRED*

top watch( %acho.eter

ENGINE DETAILS*

Make :

7ated >ower :

peed :

4ore :

troke :

?u.ber of cylinders :

FORMULAE*

, %orue at !0I load( %!0;


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ROCEDURE*

, %he engine is run at no load and rated speed

2, 8llow the engine to reach steady state operating conditions

*, Cut off the fuel supply to the engine

+, %he ti.e of fall in speeds by 2!I( !0I( 5!I and 00I rated speed is

noted

!, 8gain fuel supply is gi'en and the engine is brought back to rated speed

", %he tests are repeated with !0I load on the engine

5, >lot the graph between ti.e for fall in speeds #s speed and .easure the

friction power

OBSER8ATION TABLE*

Sl, N'Dr'/ " $/ee)

r/m

T"me 'r all ' $/ee)

a% ' l'a)ower * 2,! k

peed * *000 rp.

7ated 'oltage * 220 # 8C

enerator Efficiency * 0,6


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BULB LOAD BAN SECIFICATION

7ating * 2,! k( K 7ated ,gen

ROCEDURE*

, tart the engine by .anual cranking,

2, 8dust the load to the reuired 'alue,

*, ?ote down the ti.e for 0 cc of fuel consu.ption and inlet .ano.eter

depression,

+, ?ote down the 'oltage and current 'alues of the generator,

!, ?ote down the calori.eter water flow rate,

", ?ote down the ehaust gas te.perature and calori.eter inlet and outlet

te.perature

RECAUTIONS*

, Engine should be started in no load,

2, Cooling water circulation should be checked periodically

*, Cooling water should not be stopped while stopping the engine,

+, hould not touch spark plug supply while running,

FORMULAE*

, %otal fuel consu.ption( .f ;

sec/000

,0kg

t

PetrolofgravitySp

2, 4rake power( 4,> ;

kWVI

gen000

*, pecific fuel consu.ption ;hkWkg

PBmf /*"00

,,,


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+, $ndicated power = ; 4,> @ 1,>, k

!, 4rake Mean Effecti'e >ressure(

4ME> ; 4,>, /


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e!o"te!in

winwo"tpwwpe!g

TT

TTCmCm

=

.w; Calori.eter water flow rate in kg/sec

Cpw; pecific heat capacity of water ; +,6" kN/kg D%win; Calori.eter inlet water te.perature in HC

%wout; Calori.eter outlet water te.perature in HC

%ein; Calori.eter inlet ehaust te.perature in HC

%eout; Calori.eter outlet ehaust te.perature in HC

+, Leat unaccounted for ; - , @ e= k

!, 8ctual 8ir 1uel 7atio( 817 ; .a / .f


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OBSER8ATION TABLE

Fr"(%"'al 'er ' E!"e* 0,75 W a% 4000 r/m

S,N'

L'a)

8

#

I

8

T"me 'r

10 (( '

el

%

sec

Ma'me%er rea)"! =m>T1

=C>

T2=C>

T4=C>

T=C>

Wa%er %'

Cal'r"me%er

(($h h2 h-h2

, 0

2, "00

*, 200

+, 600

!, 2200


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ERFORMANCE TABLE*

SL,

N'

B,

W

T,F,C

=!m">

S,F,C

!W-h

HEAT I

W

BMEerfor.ance para.eters2, Cu.ulati'e Leat 3istribution #s 4ME>

; a) A*

1, Wh# &rae %hermal e"("e(# "$ 3er# le$$? Ca "% &e "m/r'3e) $"m/l# "(rea$"!

%he ('m/re$$"' ra%"'?

RESULT*


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E./%,N'* 5

Da%e*

ERFORMANCE AND HEAT BALANCE TEST

ON TWIN C+LINDER FOUR STROE DIESEL ENGINE

AIM*

, %o study the perfor.ance characteristics of a twin cylinder four stroke diesel engine

2, %o study the heat balance of a twin cylinder four stroke diesel engine

DESCRITION OF ENGINE*

Engine *

Make *

7ated brake power *

7ated speed *

4ore *

troke length *

tarting *

orking cycle *

Method of cooling *

Method of $gnition *

%ype of dyna.o.eter *

p, r of 3iesel *

Calorific #alue of diesel *

MAIMUM LOAD CALCULATION*Measure the circu.ference of the flywheel( knowing the 4> rated speed fro. the na.e plate( the

.ai.u. load which can be applied on the brake dru. is found out using the following euation:

kW!

TNPB

000"0

2,

=

where ? ; 7ated speed


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d ; 7ope thickness @ 1,>, k

where 1> ; 1rictional power fro. retardation test

", 4rake Mean Effecti'e >ressure(4ME> ; 4,>, / ,4

00 I

6, Leat $nput


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B, 4rake ther.al efficiency ,4

0, Lead of the air La ;

=


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OBSER8ATION TABLE*

Sl,

N',

L'a) =!>

S/ee)

N

r/m

Ma'me%er

rea)"!erfor.ance >ara.eters


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C+CLE-II


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E./% N'* 6

Da%e*

ERFORMANCE TEST ON DOUBLE STAGE RECIROCATING

AIRCOMRESSOR

AIM*

%o conduct the perfor.ance test on two ) stage reciprocating air co.pressor and to

deter.ine the 'olu.etric efficiency and isother.al efficiency at 'arious discharge pressures,

SECIFICATIONS*

9ow >ressure Cylinder:

troke( 9 ; B0 ..

4ore( 3 ; 0 ..

Ligh >ressure Cylinder:

troke( 92 ; B0..

4ore( 32 ; 65 ..

Arifice dia, ; ! ..

Motor eff, ; B0I

ROCEDURE*

, tart the air co.pressor after closing the recei'er tank discharge 'al'e,

2, et the discharge pressure at a constant 'alue by adusting the deli'ery 'al'e,

*, ?ote down the following readings,

a, 3ischarge >ressure

b, Mano.eter readingc, Co.pressor speed

d, %i.e taken for ! re'olutions of energy .eter disc,

+, %ake fi'e set of readings at different discharge pressures,

ALICATIONS*

, %hese are used in che.ical industries and fertilizer plants,

2, %o start high capacity 3iesel Engine,

*, $t is used in 7efrigeration plants and air-conditioning syste.s,


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RECAUTIONS*

Make sure that the discharge pressure re.ains constant while taking readings,

FORMULAE*

, 3ensity of the air( a; >a/ 7% a; 8t.ospheric >ressure( , Cylinder

#% ;

C ; Energy .eter constant(


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OBSER8ATION TABULAR COLUMN*

S, N'

Ga!e

re$$re

=! (m2>

C'm/

S/ee)

=r/m>

Ma'me%er

rea)"! =m>

T"me %ae

'r 5 re3, '

eer!#

me%er )"$(

=$e(>

Hea) ' a"r

Free A"r

Del"3ere) ;T

1

T2T1

here %; 7efrigerant te.p at inlet to co.pressor( D

%2; 7efrigerant te.p at outlet to co.pressor( D

TABULAR COLUMN*

COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFICATION ROCESS =U$e %he /$#(hr'me%r"( (har%>

S,N'Mea$r"!

/'"%

DBT

=

C>

WBT

=

C>

S/, Hm")"%#low ; bar

", 3ischarge pressure( >high ; bar

5, Co.pressor >ower( ; atts


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MODEL CALCULATION


57/62

; a) A*

1, A% ha% (')"%"' %he )ehm")""(a%"' /r'(e$$ "ll $%ar%?

2, Wh# a(%al CO "$ le$$er %ha Car'% CO? G"3e rea$'$

RESULT*

a, %he a.ount of .oisture re.o'ed :

b, %he a.ount of heat re.o'ed :

c, Capacity of cooling coil :

d, 8ctual CA> of the air conditioner syste.:

e, Carnot CA> of the air conditioner syste.:


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E./%, N'* 10

Da%e*

ERFORMANCE TEST ON AIR BLOWER

AIM*%o conduct perfor.ance test on centrifugal air blower and to find o'erall efficiency

and to draw the following characteristic cur'es,

, Lead of air La#s

2, $nput power > #s

*, A'erall efficiency #s

SECIFICATIONS*

$nduction .otor power ; !,! k

Motor peed ; 2660 rp.

DESCRITION*

8 centrifugal air blower consists of essentially an i.peller euipped with 'anes

.ounted on a rotating shaft and enclosed by a casing, 1luid enters parallel to the ais of the

shaft and co.es out at B0to the shaft ais and has both kinetic and potential energy i.partedby the 'anes, %he fluid lea'es the blower at a relati'e high 'elocity, $t is collected in the

'olute diffuser( which con'erts kinetic energy into pressure energy, %his is acco.panied with

decrease in 'elocity, 8fter the co.pression has been done( the fluid is discharged, 8s a result

of their high speeds( the centrifugal air blower is able to handle large 'olu.es at low heads,

%he fluid is deli'ered in a steady strea., o no recei'er is reuired,

ROCEDURE*

, %he total nu.ber of re'olutions of the deli'ery 'al'e for full opening is noted,2, %he blower is started,

*, 8nd in steps of re'olutions of the deli'ery 'al'e( the following readings are noted

down,

a=, ater .ano.eter reading

b=, Mercury .ano.eter reading

c=, peed of the 4lower

d=, 3yna.o.eter load


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ALICATIONS*

, $t supplies large uantity of air at lower pressure ratio,

2, %hese are used in boilers to supply air to the furnaces,

FORMULAE*

, 3ensity of the air( a; >a / 7% a ; 8t.ospheric >ressure

S/ee) '

%he

M'%'r

RM=N>

Hea) '

a%er

H=m>

Hea) '

mer(r#

Hh!=m>

HK =m>

Hea) '

a"r

Ha=m>

D"$(har!e

ra%e ;

=m4Se(>

I/%

'er

=W>

O%/%

'er

=W>


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ly closed

e'olution

open

e'olution

open

2

'olution

open

y opened


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RECAUTIONS*

, Autlet 'al'e .ust be tightly closed before starting the blower,

2, %he .ano.eter readings are noted carefully,

GRAHS*

, $nput power #s 3ischarge rate


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; a) A*

1, Wha% "$ %he )"ere(e &e%ee a a a) a &l'er?

2, Wha% "$ %he ee(% ' )"$(har!e ra%e ' "/% /'er a) hea) ' a"r? G"3e rea$'$

RESULT*

thermal_lab-manual.docx

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