together we shout (pip assessment consultation)

8/12/2019 Together We Shout (PIP Assessment Consultation)

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wehresphrthùs.nrb.uc

\nbetfer Re Pfnut

\fe Re Hre Pphrthùs @nggukaty Pudgassank

tn tfe Bnverkgekt @nksuithtank nk Hssessgekts

onr Zersnkhi Aklepeklekè Zhygekts

Phg Dhrkett-@nrgh`c DP` GP`

Phrhf @hgpdeii DP` ZfL Detfhk Gnrras

Oankh Ka`fnisnk GH(@hkthd) Zhgeih Ptn`c

Ptevek Pugpter DP`(Fnks) Mhke Qnukb IID(Fnks)

ZB@ert(Lashdaiaty Ptulaes)

Hprai 4:84


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H`cknwielbegekts

\fas lnùgekt `nuil knt fhve deek prnluèl watfnut tfe suppnrt hkl

akvnivegekt no ghky penpie, akìulakb tfe hutfnrs hkl elatnrs no tfe

wehresphrthùs.nrb.uc buales tn tfe prnpnshis, hii no tfe lashdiel

penpie hkl tfear hiiaes nk nur onrugs, hkl hii tfnse wfn wnrcel tn sprehl

hwhrekess no tfe ZAZ hssessgekt `nksuithtank. Zhrtaùihr tfhkcs tn tfnse wfn

fhve prnvalel te`fka`hi suppnrt tn ekhdie us tn lrhw akput orng sn ghky penpie.

Re wnuil hisn iace tn tfhkc tfe waler `nggukaty no lashdaiaty h`tavasts, hklespeàhiiy tfe GZs hkl Zeers wfn strave tn upfnil tfe rabfts no lashdiel penpieak Zhriahgekt.

a


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@nktekts

H`cknwielbegekts a

@nktekts aa

Onrewnrl av

8 Aktrnlu`tank 88.8 Hdnut wehresphrthùs.nrb.uc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

8.4 Fnw we `nksuitel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4 Cey Te`nggeklhtanks 0

0 Hkswers tn Xuestanks 84

0.8 Xuestank 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

0.8.8 Pabka`hkt Assues Knt @hpturel Dy \fe Pe`nkl Lrhot @raterah . . . . . . . . . . 84

0.8.4 H tavaty 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

\fere as `nksalerhdie oeeiakb tfht tfese `raterah hre knt sagpie nr strhabftonrwhrl. 66.8% no respnkl-ekts lashbreel watf tfe sthtegekts tfe hssessgekt `raterah onr Lhaiy Iavakb ak ZAZ hre ehsy tn uklersthkl

hkl hppiy, 5:.:% lashbreeakb strnkbiy3 nkiy 4.:% hbreel watf tfe sthtegekt.

0.8.8 Pabka`hkt Assues Knt @hpturel Dy \fe Pe`nkl Lrhot @raterah

Re fhve onukl twn hrehs tfht nur lhth iehls us tn deiaeve hre prndiegs experaekèl dy ghky lashdiel

penpie, dut tfht hre knt `hpturel dy tfe se`nkl lrhot ZAZ `raterah, hkl hre knt ìnseiy eknubf reihtel tn

exastakb h`tavataes tn de hllressel dy h sagpie hlmustgekt no hky h`tavaty. \fey hre hs oniinws=

8. H keel onr bekerhi supervasank, su`f hs ak penpie ht rasc no seio-fhrg nr deakb ukhwhre no fhzhrls.

4. H keel onr suppnrt ak whcakb up hkl bettakb up nr bnakb tn del hkl bnakb tn sieep.

\fere as hisn tfe assue no kabft-tage keels tfht hre knt `nverel dy hky no tfe exastakb les`raptnrs,

su`f hs kabft-tage supervasank nr keelakb tn de turkel lurakb tfe kabft. Fnwever, we deiaeve tfht snge

no tfese assues `hk de seek hs phrt no tfnse iastel hdnve, hkl tfnse tfht hre knt waii nverwfeigakbiy n`ùr

nkiy ak aklavaluhis wfn s`nre fabfiy ak severhi ntfer h`tavataes.

Re uklersthkl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt waii de reiu thkt tn hll hky kew h`tavataes. Fnwever, dntf no

tfese hrehs nr no vathi agpnrthkè. Bekerhi supervasank as h ghtter no persnkhi shoety, wfaie sieepakb hkl

84


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Re Hre Pphrthùs @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 80

whcakb ht hpprnprahte tages as vathi tn ghaktekhkè no fehitf hkl ekbhbegekt ak snàety. Ourtfergnre,

dntf hre expeksave tn prnvale.

@nksaler tfe `hse no h persnk watf sabka`hkt gekthi fehitf prndiegs iehlakb tn seio-fhrg hkl sua-

àlhi alehtank. \fe bekerhi hpprnh`f as tfht penpie watf su`f `nklatanks hre suppnrtel ak tfe `nggukaty

wferever pnssadie. At as ukìehr ao h bekerhi keel onr supervasank waii t tfe les`raptnrs onr supervasankak speà` h`tavataes3 evek ao tfey ln, tfe pnakts bhakel dy supervasank hkl feip watf gela`htanks (tn pre-

vekt nverlnse) hre nkiy 2 pnakts= H`tavaty 8 les`raptnr E (< pnakts), H`tavaty 0 les`raptnr D (8 pnakt) hkl

H`tavaty < les`raptnr E (4 pnakts). \fas as knt eknubf tn bave ektatiegekt tn evek tfe Pthklhrl rhte no tfe

Lhaiy Iavakb `ngpnkekt. Re re`nbkase tfht s`nrakb pnakts onr bekerhi supervasank ukler Lhaiy Iavakb

ghy iehl tn lnudie s`nrakb3 tfas `nuil de hiievahtel dy ìhraoyakb tfe use no supervasank les`raptnrs ak

ntfer Lhaiy Iavakb h`tavataes hs nkiy hppiyakb tn supervasank hdnve hkl deynkl wfht h ìhaghkt requares

bekerhiiy. Re re`nggekl tfe hllatank no h kew h`tavaty, nr snge onrg no knk-ouk`tankhi s`nrakb,

dhsel nk tfe keel onr bekerhi supervasank. H pnssadie set no les`raptnrs onr tfas h`tavaty as sfnwk

ak thdie0.8. No knte as tfht we re`nggekl tfht tfe requaregekt onr `nktakuhi nr kehr-`nktakuhi

gnkatnrakb tfrnubfnut eatfer tfe lhy nr tfe kabft bave ektatiegekt tn tfe Pthklhrl rhte no tfe

Lhaiy Iavakb `ngpnkekt, hkl su`f gnkatnrakb deakb requarel tfrnubfnut dntf lhy hkl kabft baveektatiegekt tn tfe Ekfhkèl rhte no tfe Lhaiy Iavakb `ngpnkekt.

\hdie 0.8= Pubbestel les`raptnrs reihtel tn h keel onr bekerhi supervasank

H Tequares kn supervasank deynkl tfht requarel onr speà` h tavataes ak tfas hssessgekt :

D Tequares gnkatnrakb, akvnivakb tfe pfysa`hi presekè no hkntfer persnk, deynkl supervasank

requarel onr speà` h`tavataes ak tfas hssessgekt, ht iehst nkè h lhy tn eksure shoety

4

@ Tequares gnkatnrakb, akvnivakb tfe pfysa`hi presekè no hkntfer persnk, deynkl supervasank

requarel onr speà` h`tavataes ak tfas hssessgekt, repehteliy lurakb tfe lhy

Re re`nggekl tfht h laoùity usakb h typa`hi whast

feabft wnrc surohè nr fnd de `nksalerel ak tfe hssessgekt no H`tavaty 8. H suathdiy hlhptel

cat`fek hkl hppiahkès ghy de `nksalerel hk hal, dut sfnuil de bavek brehter `nksalerhtank tfhk

hals ak bekerhi, hs tfey represekt `nksalerhdie `nst.

Pagaihriy, tfe restra`tank no `nncakb getfnl tn h fnd seegs hrdatrhry, hkl wfek thcek watf tfe hs-

sugptank no whast-ievei prephrhtank reakonrès tfe aktektank no hvnalakb hky `nksalerhtank no laoùity

deklakb. Nvek `nncakb as notek gnre suathdie onr penpie watf èrthak agphargekts, hs at bekerhiiy re-

quares iess starrakb hkl `fe`cakb no `nncakb prnbress. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt strnkbiy

`nksaler hwhrlakb pnakts ak H`tavaty 8, perfhps tfe shge hs hwhrlel onr ga`rnwhve use, onr deakb

ukhdie tn use eatfer h fnd nr hk nvek. At wnuil knt de rehsnkhdie tn hssuge tfht tfe nvek were ht

nr hdnve whast feabft.

@nksalerakb tfe questank no whast feabft tnbetfer watf tfe questank no ekl-tn-ekl prephrhtank no hgehi, at de`nges phrtaùihriy agpnssadie tn hssuge hii phrts no tfas h`tavaty thce pihè ht nr hdnve whast

feabft. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Bnverkgekt h`èpt tfht h laoùity deklakb sfnuil pntektahiiy

resuit ak hwhrlakb snge pnakts onr H`tavaty 8, tn represekt tfe rhraty no h cat`fek ak wfa`f hii

uteksais hkl onnls hre stnrel ht nr hdnve whast feabft. Rfere h ìhaghkt fhs su`f h cat`fek,

leiaderhteiy hrrhkbel ak nrler tn hvnal deklakb, we re`nggekl tfht tfas de `nksalerel hk hal.

Re hre `nkèrkel tfht tfe sephrhtank no tfe prephrhtank hkl `nksugptank no h gehi aktn twn h`tavataes

ghy iehl tn tfe hssessgekt abknrakb tfe oh`t tfht tfese twn evekts bekerhiiy n`ùr ak qua`c su`èssank.

Zenpie suooerakb orng vhranus agphargekts ghy de hdie tn `nnc onnl nkè h lhy, watfnut `nksalerhdie

agph`t nk tfe lhy hs h wfnie, dut de tnn ohtabuel, khusenus nr sagaihr tn tfek eht tfe onnl tfey prephrel.

Re re`nggekl tfht at de ghle phrtaùihriy ìehr tfht h persnk gust de hdie tn `ngpiete tfas

h`tavaty hkl tfek de ak h t sthte tn `nksuge tfe gehi.

\fere as walesprehl `nkèrk tfht les`raptnr @ waii de hppiael wfere h persnk `hk feht up pre-

prephrel onnl, su`f hs h rehly-gehi, ak h ga`rnwhve nvek=

Qes `nncakb fhs de`nge re fehtakb, dut ynu `hkt iave nk ga`rnwhve onnls,at wnuil `nst tn gu`f gnkey hkl ghce ynu sa`cer, `nncakb keels tn akìule

usakb hk nvek hkl braii hs weii hs fnd hkl ga`rnwhve

Re ln knt deiaeve tfht tfas as tfe aktekt no tfas h`tavaty, dut we ln knt oeei at as ìehr eknubf tn de sure

tfht at waii knt de hppiael ak tfas why. Rfaie we uklersthkl tfht tfe aktekt ak tfe pfrhsakb no tfas les`raptnrghy fhve deek tn de ìehr tfht at as reihtel nkiy tn hdaiaty tn `nnc, hkl knt tn prephre, we uklersthkl tfe

`nkèrk tfht at ghy iehl tn prndieghta` leàsanks. Hs tfere hre kn inwer-s nrakb les`raptnrs reihtel tn h

laoùity prephrakb tfe onnl tn de `nncel, tfere seegs iattie lhkber as speàoyakb tfht tfe les`raptnr nkiy

hppiaes ao tfe gehi `hk de prephrel. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 8 les`raptnr @ de ìhrael, su`f

tfht at as ìehr tfht tfe sagpie gehi gust staii de prephrel orng oresf akbrelaekts.

Re hre `nkèrkel tfht hssessgekt ghy de`nge hwcwhrl wfere h ìhaghkt repnrts tfht tfey use h

`nncakb getfnl ntfer tfhk fnd nr ga`rnwhve nvek, nr `nkvektankhi nvek ao nur re`nggeklhtanks hre

h`èptel. H ìhaghkt ghy use hk eie`tra` stehger, h raè `nncer, nr h sinw `nncer, onr aksthkè, hs


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hk hlhpthtank hbhakst laoùitaes tfey fhve prephrakb hkl `nncakb onnl ak h gnre `nkvektankhi why.

Hk hssessnr ghy fhve laoùity letergakakb fnw h ìhaghkt ghy de hdie tn `nnc h gehi dy hky getfnl

speàel ak tfe hssessgekt, hkl ìhaghkts ghy lashbree watf tfas letergakhtank ao at as ghle watfnut ìehr

`nksuithtank watf tfeg. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt bave `nksalerhtank tn fnw hssessnrs

ghy fhklie tfe satuhtank no ìhaghkts repnrtakb tfe use no ntfer `nncakb getfnls, hkl akstru`t

hssessnrs tn wnrc watf tfe ìhaghkt tn rehiasta`hiiy hkl ohariy letergake tfear hdaiaty tn use tfe

speàel `nncakb getfnls.

0.8.0 H`tavaty 4

\fere as `nkèrk tfht tfe sagpie les`raptank no tferhpeuta` snurès no kutratank as nveriy sagpiasta`, hkl

lnes knt `hpture tfe vhrahtank ak laooerekt snrts no tferhpeuta` snurès iehlakb tn laooerekt dhrraers, hkl

laooerekt ieveis no ak`rehsel `nst. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt akvestabhte tfe laooerekt ieveis

no dhrraer hkl `nsts hssnàhtel watf laooerekt tferhpeuta` snurès no kutratank, hkl laooerektahte

detweek tfeg ak tfe les`raptnrs no H`tavaty 4.

Re knte tfht tfe expihkhtnry kntes onr tfas h`tavaty sfnw tfht ehtakb as `nksalerel tn akìule `fewakb

hkl swhiinwakb. Rfere sngenke as ukhdie tn swhiinw, at ghy de hssugel tfht tfey keel h tferhpeuta`

snurè. Fnwever, wfere sngenke as ukhdie tn `few suoàektiy, tfas lnes knt seeg tn de `nksalerel

ak tfas h`tavaty, hkl hs H`tavaty 8 lnes knt ùrrektiy eksure tfht tfe gehi prephrel as suathdie onr tfe

ìhaghkts laethry requaregekts, tfas keel as knt ìehriy reffle`tel hkywfere ak tfe hssessgekt. Re re-

`nggekl tfht h keel onr pureel onnl, nr onnl tfht ntferwase lnes knt requare `fewakb, de reffle`tel

ak eatfer H`tavaty 8 nr H`tavaty 4. Re re`nbkase tfht hllatankhi pnakts keel knt de hwhrlel wfere

h ìhaghkt as `hphdie no prephrakb tfear nwk onnl ak tfas ghkker watfnut hk hal nr hppiahkè.

\fere as `nkèrk tfht les`raptnr L, keels prngptakb tn thce kutratank, as ukìehr. \fas `nuil de

thcek tn reoer tn h satuhtank wfere h ìhaghkt waii stnp ehtakb h gehi deonre tfey fhve kasfel, ao tfey

hre knt regaklel nr ek`nurhbel tn `nktakue, nr at `nuil de thcek tn reoer tn h satuhtank wfere h ìhaghktwaii thce kn h`tank tn ndthak suathdie kutratank ukiess regaklel nr ek`nurhbel3 we deiaeve at sfnuil de

ekbhbel ak dntf aksthkès. \fas wnuil knt iehl tn lnudie-s`nrakb watf H`tavaty 8, hs h persnk keelakb

ek`nurhbegekt tn eht sngetfakb as lastak`t orng tfht persnk keelakb ek`nurhbegekt tn `nnc h prnper

gehi. Nke no tfe whys tfht hk akhdaiaty tn prephre hkl `nnc h gehi as resnivel, ht hllatankhi expekse, as

tn use pre-prephrel nr thce-hwhy gehis. Rfere h ìhaghkt ehts su`f onnl lue tn hk akhdaiaty tn prephre

hkl `nnc h gehi, tfey sfnuil de hwhrlel pnakts ao tfey waii onrbet tn ndthak su`f onnl, nr ntferwase

kebie`t tn ln sn, watfnut prngptakb dy hkntfer persnk. Rfere h persnk keels su`f prngptakb, hkl lnes

knt reèave at, tfey hre iaceiy tn eatfer thce aksuoàekt kutratank, nr tn shtasoy fukber watf mukc onnls,

su`f hs `rasps. Eatfer no tfese waii de iaceiy tn iehl tn wnrsekakb fehitf `nklatanks. Re re`nggekl ht

H`tavaty 4 les`raptnr L de ìhrael tn reoer tn dntf prngptakb lurakb tfe gehi tn `nktakue ehtakb,

hkl prngptakb tn thce h`tank tn ndthak h gehi.Evek ao tfe preèlakb re`nggeklhtank as h`èptel, we hre `nkèrkel tfht h ìhaghkt ehtakb mukc

onnl, su`f hs `rasps, watfnut prngptakb waii de thcek hs evalekè tfht tfey ln knt requare prngptakb tn

thce kutratank. \fas rascs watflrhwakb suppnrt tfht wnuil feip su`f ìhaghkts tn gnve tn h fehitfaer laet

akvnivakb prnper gehis. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 4 de ìhrael tn reoer tn gehis, hkl exìule

skh`cs, phrtaùihriy fabfiy `nkvekaekt hkl ukfehitfy skh`cs.


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0.8.< H`tavaty 0

Re re`nbkase hkl hppreàhte tfe akìusank no gela`htanks tfht hre re`nggeklel hs weii hs pres`radel.

Re hre `nkèrkel, fnwever, tfht ìhaghkts ghy de expe`tel tn prnve wfht gela`htanks fhve deek re`ng-

geklel3 pfhrghàsts ln knt rnutakeiy ceep re`nrls no su`f re`nggeklhtanks, hkl evek ln`tnrs ln knt

reiahdiy re`nrl hii re`nggeklhtanks. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt `nksaler wfht evalekè

tfey waii expe`t onr gela`htank re`nggeklhtanks. \fas `nkèrk gust knt, fnwever, de hiinwel tn

prevekt `nksalerhtank no re`nggeklel gela`htanks3 rhtfer, keèsshry getfnls hkl prnèlures

sfnuil de leveinpel tn hiinw onr tfe brehtest akìusank no re`nggeklel gela`htanks.

At as ukìehr ao gnkatnrakb h fehitf `nklatank akìules akonrghi, nkbnakb gnkatnrakb, su`f hs feipakb

h persnk de hwhre no tfear gnnls tn ghkhbe gekthi fehitf. Pu`f gnkatnrakb `hk de no vathi agpnrthkè

tn penpie watf gekthi fehitf `nklatanks akìulakb lepressank hkl da-pnihr lasnrlers. Re re`nggekl

tfht gnkatnrakb h fehitf `nklatank de lekel sn hs tn ìehriy akìule dntf onrghi gnkatnrakb no

sabks hkl sygptngs hkl akonrghi, nkbnakb gnkatnrakb.

At seegs hpprnprahte tfht gnre pnakts hre hwhrlel tfe gnre tage as keelel onr hssasthkè watf tferhpy.

Fnwever, snge fehitf `nklatanks requare ak-leptf gnkatnrakb tfht ghy `nksuge sabka`hkt hgnukts notage, thcakb rehlakbs iace pehc fflnw, dinnl pressure, dinnl biu`nse, hkl sn onrtf. Re re`nggekl tfht

H`tavaty 0 les`raptnrs L, E hkl O akìule gnkatnrakb h fehitf `nklatank hs weii hs tferhpy3 at ghy

de hpprnprahte ak tfas `hse tn exìule nkbnakb gnkatnrakb, su`f hs feipakb h persnk de hwhre no

tfear gnnls tn ghkhbe gekthi fehitf, orng les`raptnrs L, E hkl O nkiy, dut knt les`raptnr D.

Re oeei tfas h`tavaty as h bnnl nppnrtukaty tn `hpture `nsts hkl dhrraers hssnàhtel watf tfe ghk-

hbegekt no phak hkl las`ngonrt dy gehks ntfer tfhk gela`htank hkl tferhpaes. H wale rhkbe no fehitf

`nklatanks `hk iehl tn phak hkl las`ngonrt dest ghkhbel, ak ouii nr ak phrt, dy tfe use no speàhiasel

equapgekt nr ourkature= `fhars, ghttresses hkl ntfer equapgekt speàhiiy lesabkel nr hlhptel tn feip

ghkhbe `frnka` fehitf `nklatanks, onr exhgpie dy reiaevakb pressure nk mnakts nr prnvalakb pnsturhi sup-

pnrt tn reiaeve phak nr drehtfiesskess. \fese ategs hre `nksalerhdiy gnre expeksave tfhk tfear everylhy

`nukterphrts, hkl keel servaàkb nr repihègekt tn ghakthak tfear eooe`tavekess. \fey `hk de suoàektiy

eooe`tave, fnwever, tn reluè nr eiagakhte tfe keel onr phak-reiaevakb gela`htank, hkl `hk pihy h rnie

ak relu akb leteranrhtank no ukleriyakb `nklatanks, tfus hvnalakb nr leihyakb gela`hi aktervektanks tfht

ghy akìule surbery hkl fnspathiashtank. \fas equapgekt as orequektiy keatfer pres`radel knr onrghiiy

hssessel, dut as kevertfeiess h sabka`hkt ekhdiakb oh`tnr ak tfe iaves no lashdiel penpie. Hk exhgpie no

su`f equapgekt hkl snge no tfe `nsts hssnàhtel watf at `hk de onukl ak Hppeklax H nk phbe5


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At as aksuitakb tfht dhtfakb as lekel hs deakb hdie tn whsf nkes tnrsn

Akleel, wfaie tfe expihkhtnry kntes akla`hte tfht tfas h`tavaty fhs deek sagpiael orng tfe akatahi

lrhot, regnvakb tfe lastak`tank detweek whsfakb hkl dhtfakb, at seegs tfht tfas fhs deek lnke dy thcakb

tfe terg dhtfakb dut tfe lekatank tfht fhl deek hppiael tn whsfakb=

\fe Pe`nkl Lrhot Hssessgekt @raterah lekatanks hre stra`ter tfhk tfe rst

lrhot rebuihtanks= onr aksthkè, tfe lekatank ak tfe ihtter no Dhtfakb as

\hce h dhtf nr sfnwer wferehs ak tfe se`nkl lrhot at as @iehk ohè, fhkls,

uklerhrgs hkl tnrsn wfa`f as tnthiiy akhlequhte hkl `nktrhry tn `nggnk

sekse hkl hii la`tankhry lekatanks. Ak hllatank, ìehkiakess tn tfe sthklhrl tfht as snàhiiy expe`tel as vathi onr snàhi ekbhbegekt hkl

ouii phrtaàphtank ak snàety=

Hkynke wfn `nuil nkiy ìehk tfear upper fhio hre hisn pntektahiiy ukhdie tnh`èss tfe `nggukaty nr egpinygekt lue tn tfe sgeii hkl kebhtave oeeiakbs

hrasakb orng deakb larty, ak`rehsakb asnihtank hkl `rehtakb ukohar dhrraers.

At ghy de hpprnprahte tn `nksaler h fflhkkei whsf wfere tfht as tfe preoerrel getfnl no persnkhi

ìehkakb onr h ìhaghkt, dut knt ak `hses wfere h persnk fhdatuhiiy dhtfs nr sfnwers. Re were piehsel

tn fehr tfe Bnverkgekts hssurhkès tfht ZAZ hssessgekts waii knt akìule tfe aghbakhry wfeei`fhar

test tfht fhs de`nge kntnranus ak tfe Rnrc @hphdaiaty Hssessgekt3 tfas lekatank no dhtfe ruks tfe rasc

no `rehtakb hk aghbakhry fflhkkei test. Hiinwakb hky rehsnkhdie `fnaè no dhtfakb getfnl waii hisn deghxaghiiy ùiturhiiy seksatave, watfnut fhvakb tn speàoy h `raterank no ùiturhi hpprnprahtekess. Re

re`nggekl tfht hdaiaty tn dhtfe de hssessel dhsel nk dhtf nr sfnwer, nr su`f ntfer rehsnkhdie

getfnl hs tfe ìhaghkt ghy preoer.

\fe speà`htank no ìehkakb tfe tnrsn as h snurè no `nksalerhdie `nkèrk hkl `nkousank. \fe

Lephrtgekts nwk ehsy-rehl ghterahi puts tfas hs tfe tnp fhio, wfa f we deiaeve gnst wnuil uklersthkl

hs gehkakb hdnve tfe whast. Fnwever, lekatanks orng hkhtnga`hi textdnncs hkl tfe Nxonrl Ekbiasf

La`tankhry `nksaler tfe tnrsn hs tfe dnly hsale orng tfe iagds hkl fehl3 tfe NEL baves tnrsn hs tfe

trukc no tfe fughk dnly, watf trukc ak turk bavek hs h persnks . . . dnly hphrt orng tfe iagds hkl

fehlS?W. \fas lekatank wnuil èrthakiy akìule tfe brnak hreh. Bavek tfe teksank ak gehkakb detweek

tfe lnùgekts prnluèl tfe Lephrtgekt, fnwever, we oeei tfe aktekt as ukìehr hkl sfnuil de ìhrael.

Re oeei tfht at as agpnrthkt tfe gnre akìusave lekatank de usel, hs prnper ìehkiakess no tfe bekathi hreh

as vathi ak prevektakb h rhkbe no fehitf `nklatanks tfht wnuil prnve lasruptave tfe iaoe no tfe aklavaluhi

hkl put brehter durlek nk fehitf servaès. Re re`nggekl tfht tnrsn, ak tfe lekatank no dhtfe, de

ìhrael tn tfe akìusave lekatank usel ak hkhtngy.

\fere as sabka`hkt ukfhppakess watf tfe lekatank no dhtfe exìulakb tfe iagds, hkl phrtaùihr

`nkèrk rebhrlakb tfe inwer extregataes. \fere hre ghky fehitf `nklatanks, phrtaùihriy tfnse puttakb

sngenke ht rasc no àrùihtnry prndiegs nr perapferhi keurnphtfy, ak wfa`f rebuihr `hre no tfe oeet as

very agpnrthkt. Knt nkiy as dhtfakb as h cey nppnrtukaty tn exhgake tfe oeet, dut ìehkiakess no tfe

oeet as vathi tn prevekt prndiegs. Dntf tfe KFPS2W hkl tfe Pnàety no @farnpnlasts hkl ZnlahtrastsS6W


25/69

Re Hre Pphrthùs @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 4:

re`nggekl tfe rebuihr ìehkakb no oeet. Ak `hses no agguke `ngprngase, ìehkiakess no tfe ektare dnly

as oeit tn de `ruàhi=

dhtfakb hii nver as rehiiy agpnrthkt onr tfnse penpie watf `n-gnrdalataes= aoshy sngenke fhs agguke assues, hkl hisn gndaiaty assues, tfek akoe`tanks`hk de`nge rehiiy seranus.

Re hre hisn `nkèrkel tfht tfas lekatank waii set h preèlekt, hkl tfht snàhi servaès ghy oniinw

ats exhgpie ak tergs no `hre nooerel.Re re`nggekl tfht tfe h`tavaty no dhtfakb hisn ak`nrpnrhte tfe

ìehkakb no tfe ektare dnly, akìulakb iagds hkl extregataes.

@nkèrk fhs deek rhasel nver tfe exìusank no lryakb orng tfe dhtfakb h`tavaty. Zrevektank no h

rhkbe no fehitf `nklatanks, su`f hs oukbhi scak akoe`tanks, requares tfnrnubf lryakb no tfe dnly hoter

ìehkakb, phrtaùihriy ak ìnsel hrehs no tfe dnly (su`f hs detweek tfe tnes, tfe bekathi hreh). \fese

`nklatanks hre dntf gnre iaceiy tn n`ùr hkl gnre iaceiy tn iehl tn `ngpia`htanks ak penpie watf h rhkbe

no `frnka` aiikesses, su`f hs lahdetes. Hs prevanusiy sthtel, tfe KFPS 2Whkl Pnàety no @farnpnlasts hklZnlahtrastsS6W re`nggekl tfe rebuihr ìehkakb no tfe oeet hkl reakonrè tfe keel onr tfnrnubf lryakb

detweek tfe tnes. Hlvaè orng KFP Lare`tS1W hisn ghces ìehr tfe agpnrthkè no ìehkakb hkl lryakb

tfe brnakhi hreh tn ghkhbe hkl prevekt akoe`tanks ak tfht hreh. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe h`tavaty no

dhtfakb ìehriy akìule tfnrnubf lryakb.

H kugder no hllatankhi eiegekts fhve deek subbestel onr tfe h`tavaty no brnngakb. Ghky oeit tfht

at sfnuil akìule su`f ntfer, knrghi brnngakb h`tavataes hs gnst penpie thce onr brhktel, su`f hs tfe

hppia`htank no ghce-up hkl wehrakb no meweiiery. Rfaie tfere as h strnkb gnrhi pnakt tfht lashdiel

penpie sfnuil knt de expe`tel tn h`èpt h inwer sthklhrl no iaoe, hkl exìusank orng su`f knrghi, every

lhy tfakbs, we uklersthkl tfht onr h deket thrbetel ht tfnse watf tfe brehtest keels, hkl hk hssessgekt

h`takb hs h prnxy onr tfe ak`rehsel `nsts no lashdaiaty, tfe ouii rhkbe no h`tavataes requarel onr phrtaàphtank

ak sn aety ghy knt de represektel. Fnwever, tfere hre snge eiegekts tfht hre keèsshry tn h dhsa`sthklhrl no iavakb hkl ghaktekhkè no fehitf tfht sfnuil de akìulel ak brnngakb. Re re`nggekl tfht

tfe h`tavaty no brnngakb de hgeklel tn akìule tfe ùttakb no kberkhais hkl tnekhais, sfhvakb, hkl

tfe whsfakb no fhkls hkl ohè.

0.8.? H`tavaty 5

\fere as walesprehl `nkèrk hgnkb tfnse watf experaekè no ak`nktakekè tfht tfas h`tavaty lnes knt h`-

ùrhteiy represekt tfe hllatankhi `nsts no ak`nktakekè, akìulakb h brehter hgnukt no ìehkakb no ìntfes

hkl dellakb, tfe `nsts no phls hkl brehter rascs no fehitf `ngpia`htanks. \fe se`nkl lrhot no tfe ZAZ hs-

sessgekt seegs ektareiy abknrhkt no tfe prndiegs reihtel tn ak`nktakekè. Re fhve akìulel h sudgassankorng hk aklavaluhi watf lnudie ak`nktakekè, akìulakb h stngh, hs Hppeklax @nk phbe56.

Re uklersthkl tfht tfe `fhkbakb no ìntfes oniinwakb ak`nktakekè as exìulel orng tfas h`tavaty de-

`huse at ghy iehl tn lnudie s`nrakb watf H`tavaty ?. \fas gasuklersthkls tfe laooerekè detweek knrghi

lressakb hkl uklressakb, hkl tfe uklressakb hkl ìehkakb requarel oniinwakb ak`nktakekè. Rfere h per-

snk requares brehter feip tn `fhkbe ìntfakb oniinwakb ak`nktakekè tfhk tfey ln onr knrghi lressakb hkl

uklressakb, tfas sfnuil de re`nbkasel ak tfas h`tavaty. Re re`nggekl tfht feip requarel onr `fhkbakb

ìntfes de akìulel ak tfe `nksalerhtank no ghkhbakb ak`nktakekè, wfere tfht hssasthkè as brehter

tfhk tfht requarel ak knrghi lressakb hkl uklressakb.


26/69


Ak hllatank, `fhkbakb no delìntfes as exìulel, evek tfnubf tfas ghy de keelel ohr gnre orequektiy

tfhk penpie knrghiiy `fhkbe dellakb=

At hisn lnes knt hiinw onr sngednly deakb tfere tn h`tuhiiy `fhkbe tfe del-lakb wfek gessel up - wfa`f A keel. A fhve spekt ghky h kabft nk gy nwk

ak h del watf kn dellakb nk at - evek eklel up nk gy snoh.

@iehriy, tfas as knt wfht hkynke wnuil `nksalerhdie h rehsnkhdie sthklhrl no `hre nr aklepeklekt

iavakb. Re re`nggekl tfht feip requarel tn `fhkbe dellakb de akìulel ak tfe `nksalerhtank no

ghkhbakb ak`nktakekè, ht iehst wfere at n`ùrs orequektiy.

Ak`nktakekè ak atseio iehls tn `nksalerhdie extrh `nsts. Bavek tfht tfas hssessgekt as akteklel tn serve

hs h prnxy onr hllatankhi `nsts, tfas sfnuil de `nksalerel. \fe hwhrlakb no kn pnakts onr ak`nktakekè

wfere h ìhaghkt `hk ghkhbe at tfegseives as tfus `nktrhry tn tfe purpnses no tfe ZAZ hssessgekt. Pnge

no tfas `nst wnuil de re`nbkasel ao su`f dhsa` ak`nktakekè hals hs phls were re`nbkasel hs hals3 tfe

nkbnakb `nsts no tfese hre brehter tfhk ghky no tfe exhgpie hals iastel ak tfe expihkhtnry kntes, fnwever.

Ourtfergnre, at as iaceiy tfht tfe vhst ghmnraty no ak`nktakekt aklavaluhis use su`f hals, ghcakb expiaàtre`nbkatank no tfeg reluklhkt. Re re`nggekl tfht hk hllatankhi les`raptnr de hllel tn H`tavaty

5, hwhrlakb pnakts onr ak`nktakekè wfere h ìhaghkt `hk ghkhbe at tfegseives. \fas les`raptnr

`nuil de pfrhsel hs @hk ghkhbe ak`nktakekè ukhalel nr watf tfe use no hk hal nr hppiahkè.

\fe wnrls nr ak`nktakekè wnuil tfek de regnvel orng les`raptnr H hkl les`raptnr D. Re

subbest tfht tfe kew les`raptnr s`nre < pnakts.

\fe Bnverkgekt fhs akla`htel tfht tfey `nksaler tfas h`tavaty tn ek`ngphss tfe ghkhbegekt no

gekstruhtank. Fnwever, we hre hwhre tfht snge wngek experaekè laoùitaes ghkhbakb gekstruhtank

watfnut fhvakb equavhiekt laoùitaes watf tnaiet keels3 onr exhgpie, tfey ghy suooer h psy`fninba`hi

laoùity watf ghkhbakb gekstruhtank. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 5 de ìhrael tn expiaàtiy ek-

`ngphss tfe ghkhbegekt no gekstruhtank.

At seegs ndvanus tfht seksadie, fybaeka` ghkhbegekt no tnaiet keels nr ak`nktakekè waii akìule tfe

whsfakb no fhkls. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 5 de ìhrael tn akìule whsfakb fhkls.

@nkèrk fhs deek expressel tfht tfas h`tavaty lnes knt `nksaler laoùitaes bettakb tn tfe tnaiet=

\fere hre kn les raptnrs tn hiinw onr h`tuhiiy bettakb tn tfe tnaiet, ak gy`hse A keel feip espeàhiiy ht kabft tn bet nut no del qua`ciy eknubf tn

h`tuhiiy bet tn tfe tnaiet tn feip ge orng gessakb gyseio ak gy del.

Rfaie prndiegs bettakb tn tfe tnaiet ghy hisn s`nre pnakts ak H`tavaty 88, tfht h`tavaty s`nres pnakts no

tfe Gndaiaty `ngpnkekt, wfa`f as akteklel tn suppnrt gndaiaty nutsale tfe fnge. Ourtfergnre, ao hdaiatytn bet tn tfe tnaiet were hssessel watf hals, at wnuil knt keèsshraiy oniinw tfht every ìhaghkt s`nrakb

pnakts ak H`tavaty 88 wnuil s`nre pnakts ak H`tavaty 5 nk tfe shge brnukls3 h persnk wfn as suoàektiy

gndaie tn bet tn tfe tnaiet watf hk hal wnuil iaceiy s`nre pnakts onr keelakb tfht hal ak H`tavaty 88,

dut `nuil de `nksalerel hdie tn reh`f tfe tnaiet onr H`tavaty 5. H ourtfer shoebuhrl hbhakst ukakteklel

hutnghta` s`nrakb iaes ak tfe oh`t tfht tfe lasthkè orng hky pnakt ak tfe fnge tn tfe tnaiet as bekerhiiy

sfnrter tfhk tfe lasthkès `nksalerel ak H`tavaty 883 nkiy tfe gnst prnonukliy aggndaie ìhaghkts wnuil

de hdie tn ìhag h keel onr hssasthkè watf tnaiet keels nk tfe brnukls no gndaiaty. Re re`nggekl tfht

H`tavaty 5 `nksaler bettakb tn tfe tnaiet, usakb hky hals knrghiiy usel nr tfht `nuil rehsnkhdiy de

expe`tel tn de usel, hs hk eiegekt no ghkhbakb tnaiet keels.


27/69


0.8.2 H`tavaty ?

Agphargekts ghy requare sfnes no speàhiasel lesabk tn hiinw tfeg tn de pihèl nk tfe onnt nr seùreiy

ohstekel tn h``nukt onr mnakt hdknrghiataes, vhrahtanks ak sfhpe nr saze, nr hiterel bhat. Onr exhgpie,

deinw-ckee suppnrts/`hiapers hre knrghiiy nkiy usel watf hlhptel ihèl sfnes, hs siap-nks prnvale aksuo-

àekt suppnrt tn tfe onnt, hkcie hkl `hiaper. Evek wfere speàhiasel sfnes nr hppiahkès hre knt keelel,

lashdaiaty ghy iehl tn gnre expeksave onntwehr deakb keelel, hitfnubf tfht onntwehr ghy de no h snrt

tfht as hisn wnrk dy ukagpharel penpie nut no `fnaè=

A `hkt duy `fehp sfnes de`huse tfey lnkt t weii, hkl wehr nut evek gnrequa`ciy A fhve tn wehr sturly, suppnrtave sfnes nr sfnes watf h fflexadie tfak

snie lesabkel tn hiinw bnnl prnpranèptave oeeldh`c.

Ourtfergnre, tfe Pnàety no @farnpnlasts hkl Znlahtrasts re`nggekls hbhakst siap-nk sfnes ak bek-

erhi, shyakb sfnuil fhve ihè-up ohstekakbs tn ceep tfe oeet rgiy ak pihè onr tfnse wfn whic gu`f,

hkl gnre bekerhiiy tfht ohstekakbs sfnuil de ihès nr strhps watf du`cies nr tnu`f ohstekakbs feip tn

fnil tfe onnt seùreiy watfak tfe sfneS8:W. Re re`nggekl tfht h ìehr iast no exhgpies de bavek,

watfnut iagathtank, no tfe snrts no hlhptel ìntfakb tfht ghy de `nksalerel ak H`tavaty ?, hkl tfht

hlhptel onntwehr de akìulel. \fe hssugptank no siap-nk sfnes ak tfas h`tavaty sfnuil repihèl

watf h requaregekt onr suathdie onntwehr, thcakb aktn h``nukt dntf bekerhi hlvaè nk onntwehr hkl

hky hlvaè bavek speà`hiiy tn tfe ìhaghkt dy h fehitf`hre prnoessankhi.

\fe gehkakb no hssasthkè tn seie`t hpprnprahte ìntfakb as ukìehr. Hssasthkè as lekel hs pfys-

a`hi aktervektank. \fere as `nkèrk tfht tfas waii knt de `nksalerel ak hk hpprnprahteiy akìusave ghkker.

Aiiustrhtel exhgpies ak tfe noàhi ehsy-rehl `nksuithtank ghterahis akla`hte tfht h persnk watf h severe

vasuhi agphargekt ghy de `nksalerel tn keel hssasthkè tn seie`t ìntfakb3 we hbree tfht tfas as hpprn-

prahte. Re hisn oeei tfht at wnuil de hpprnprahte onr su`f `nksalerhtank tn de exteklel tn penpie wfnhre pfysa`hiiy nr psy`fninba`hiiy ak`hphdie no retraevakb tfear ìntfes orng wfhtever stnrhbe tfey use,

phrtaùihriy ak `hses wfere tfey hre knketfeiess hdie tn put tfht ìntfakb nk onr tfegseives, hs les`radel

dy nke `nggekter=

A `hk bet lressel sngetages nk gy nwk ao `hrer drakbs ìntfes tn tfe del

\fus h persnk suooerakb orng severe ohtabue, wfa f ghy n`ùr ak `nklatanks hs laverse hs GE,

drngyhibah nr Guitapie Pìernsas, ghy de `hphdie no lressakb nkè tfey fhve tfear ìntfes, dut wnuilde ak`hphdie no retraevakb tfear ìntfes, espeàhiiy no tfek lressakb tfegseives hoterwhrls. Re strnkbiy

deiaeve tfht at wnuil de hpprnprahte onr su`f penpie tn de `nksalerel tn shtasoy les`raptnr @ no tfas

h`tavaty. Ao tfey ln knt, at as iaceiy tfht tfas laoùity waii akstehl de esthdiasfel nk hppehi tn shtasoy h

fabfer-s`nrakb les`raptnr. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty ? les`raptnr @ pnakt (aa) de ìhrael tn ak-

ìule penpie wfn keel pfysa`hi hssasthkè tn retraeve tfear ìntfes, tfnubf tfey ghy de `hphdie no

`fnnsakb ìntfes ak akteiie`tuhi, `nbkatave hkl seksnry tergs.


28/69


0.8.6 H`tavaty 2

Ak nrler tn h`t nk hky `ngguka`htank, de at wrattek nr verdhi, at as knt nkiy vathi tn rehl nr fehr at, hkl

uklersthkl at, dut hisn tn regegder at. \fas as phrta uihriy essektahi watf rebhrls tn shoety akonrghtank.

Ghky `nklatanks iehl tn h suoàekt lebree no `nbkatave lysouk`tank tn ghce tfas prndieghta`3 wfaie tfe

ìhaghkt ghy fehr hkl uklersthkl h gesshbe, tfey waii knt keèsshraiy regegder at ìehriy eknubf onr tfe

`ngguka`htank tn de shal tn fhve deek eooe`tave. Re re`nggekl tfht regegderakb h `ngguka`htank

weii eknubf tn h`t nk at hisn de h `nksalerhtank ak H`tavaty 2.

Ghky lashdiel penpie hre pfysa`hiiy ukhdie tn wrate. Fnwever tfas as knt `nverel ukler `ngguka`-

htakb knr ukler ghcakb khkàhi leàsanks. \fas whs h snurè no breht `nkèrk=

\fere as kn les`raptnr onr deakb ukhdie tn express sagpie nr `ngpiex wrattek`ngguka`htank, h vathi thsc onr iiakb ak LRZ onrgs, snàhi `ngguka`h-

tank, daii phyakb, hkl ghky ntfer purpnses. \fas as h seranus nversabft.

Rratakb reghaks hk essektahi thsc ak tnlhys snàety. Rfaie `ngguka`htakb eie`trnka hiiy, nr watf

wnrl prnèssel hkl praktel text, as sngetages hk nptank, penpie staii rebuihriy exeràse tfear `fnaè

detweek getfnls no wratakb. Akleel, wfaie hkynke ghy `fnnse tn spekl gnkey tn bave tfegseives tfe

hdaiaty tn wrate eie`trnka`hiiy, hkl prakt tfear `ngpnsatanks, onr ghky lashdiel penpie tfas as knt `fnaè,

dut keèssaty=

\fe TH ak gy fhkls gehks A `hkt fnil h pek inkb tfhk h oew se`nkls sn

iiakb nut h onrg nr wratakb h ietter fhs tn typel. A use h ihptnp de`huse A

kl tfe fflht ceydnhrl as reluès tfe stress nk gy wrasts hkl kbers dut tfey

hre knt `fehp. Hs tfas `nktradutnr akla`htes, evek sthrtakb orng hk hssugel pnsatank no h`èss tn h `ngputer, tfere

`hk de hllatankhi `nsts ak suathdiy erbnknga` equapgekt3 ao nke as ukhdie tn type, tfese `nsts brnw ourtfer

watf tfe use no spee`f-tn-text snotwhredeynkl tfe iaèkse `nsts no tfe snotwhre atseio, spee`f-tn-text

requares h fabfer speà`htank `ngputer. Evek nkè h `ngputer as ak use, ghky onrgs, onr exhgpie,

hre prnvalel ak fhrl `npy hkl `hk nkiy de iiel ak dy fhkl. \fas `hk thce h inkb tage hkl `huse breht

las`ngonrt nr ghy keel tn de lnke dy hkntfer persnk. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 2 de gnlael tn

ek`ngphss tfe `rehtank no wrattek akonrghtank hs weii hs tfe hdaiaty tn h`èss wrattek akonrghtank.

Les`raptnr L sfnuil de hgeklel tn akìule expressank hs weii hs h`èss no wrattek akonrghtank.

Rfaie tfe keel tn express wrattek akonrghtank as gnst ouklhgekthiiy agpnrthkt ak reihtank tn khk-

àhi ghtters, we `nksaler at h drnhler pnakt. \n hvnal lnudie-s`nrakb, fnwever, nur re`nggeklhtanks

rebhrlakb H`tavaty 1 hre knt akteklel tn bave pnakts onr laoùity wratakb watfak tfht h`tavaty. Fnwever,ao expressakb wrattek `ngguka`htank as knt `nksalerel watfak H`tavaty 2, we wnuil see at hs akìulel

watfak tfe s`npe no nur re`nggeklhtanks rebhrlakb H`tavaty 1.

0.8.1 H`tavaty 6

Lashdiel penpie ghy de iagatel ak snàhi akterh`tank knt nkiy dy egntankhi lastress nr `nkousank, dut

dy tfe eooe`ts no phak, ohtabue hkl ntfer las`ngonrts. H cey oh`tnr ak snàhiasakb onr ghky penpie watf

`frnka` aiikesses as cknwakb tfht tfey waii de hdie tn rest, `fhkbe tfear ievei no phrtaàphtank, nr iehve


29/69


Ak tfe expihkhtnry knte we set nut prnpnshis onr tfe weabftakbs no les`raptnrs ak tfe h`tavataes

reihtakb tn ektatiegekt tn tfe Lhaiy Iavakb `ngpnkekt (h`tavataes 81). Ak tfas ln`ugekt we

fhve set nut tfe ektatiegekt tfresfnils onr tfe deket. Fnw weii ln ynu tfakc tfey wnrc tn

lastakbuasf detweek laooerakb ieveis no hdaiaty ak eh`f h`tavaty> Fnw weii ln ynu tfakc tfey


31/69

Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 4?

wnrc tn pranratase aklavaluhis nk tfe dhsas no tfear nverhii keel> Ln ynu tfakc we keel tn

ghce hky `fhkbes tn weabftakbs nr tfresfnils>

\fere whs sabka hkt `nk`erk watf tfe weabftakbs hkl tfresfnils onr Lhaiy Iavakb. 64.?% no re-

spnklekts lashbreel watf tfe sthtegekt tfe s`nres hkl tfresfnils onr Lhaiy Iavakb hre gnstiy hpprnpra-hte, 58.5% lashbreeakb strnkbiy3 nkiy 0.6% hbreel watf tfe sthtegekt.

Re `nksaler tfht at as dest tn `nksaler tfe s`nres onr les`raptnrs dhsel nk h reihtaveiy xel dh`cbrnukl

no bavek tfresfnils. \fus we fhve `nksalerel tfas questank, hkl Xuestank


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hlmustel onr tfas h`tavaty, hs expihakel ak se`tank0.8.


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0.0 Xuestank 0

\fe Bnverkgekt `nksuithtank hscs=

Rfht hre ynur vaews nk tfe ihtest lrhot Gndaiaty h`tavataes>Ak tfe expihkhtnry knte we set nut revasel prnpnshis onr tfe h`tavataes reihtakb tn ektatiegekt

tn tfe Gndaiaty `ngpnkekt (h`tavataes 8:88). Hre tfe `fhkbes hk agprnvegekt> Ln ynu

tfakc we keel tn ghce hky ourtfer `fhkbes>

Re fhve sabka`hkt `nkèrk hdnut dntf no tfe Gndaiaty h`tavataes. \fey hre knt ìehr hkl ehsy tn

hppiy3 65.1% no survey respnklekts lashbreel watf tfe sthtegekt tfe hssessgekt `raterah onr Gndaiaty

ak ZAZ hre ehsy tn uklersthkl hkl hppiy, 54.0% strnkbiy. \fas `nktrhsts watf 4.04% hbreeakb watf tfe

sthtegekt. \fere hre bhps ak tfe re`nbkatank no sabka hktiy ak`rehsel `nsts hkl sabka hkt dhrraers tn

phrtaàphtank. Re hllress tfese assues onr eh`f h`tavaty sephrhteiy.

0.0.8 H`tavaty 8:

\fere hre breht `nkèrks nver tfe `nkèptank defakl tfe nverwfeigakb psy`fninba`hi lastress

les`raptnrs. \rehtakb iagathtanks laooerektiy lepeklakb nk tfear nrabak as, hs tfe Bnverkgekt fhs `nk-

sastektiy pnaktel nut, `nukter tn tfe prakàpies no ZAZ. \fere as hisn ukèrthakty nver fnw fabf h dhr at as

settakb. \fe oh`t at as requarel tn de h iagatakb oh`tnr onr hii mnurkeys lnes knt `hpture weii tfe `ngpiex-

ataes no `nklatanks su`f hs hbnrhpfndah, wfere h kugder no oh`tnrs hiter tfe laoùity no iehvakb nkes

fnge. Fnwever, we `hk see h vhial lastak`tank detweek tfe ouk`tankhi iagathtanks agpiael dy les`raptnr

D wfek `ngphrel watf les`raptnr @, ak tfht les`raptnr @ seegs akteklel tn agpiy h keel tn de h``ng-

phkael, wfaie les`raptnr D ghy nkiy requare ek`nurhbegekt nr persuhsank tn set nut ak tfe rst pihè.

Re re`nggekl hiterakb tfe lastak`tank detweek les`raptnrs ak H`tavaty 8: tn tfnse wfn requaresupervasank, nkbnakb prngptakb nr h suppnrt lnb hs lastak`t orng tfnse wfn requare prngptakb tn

akatahte h mnurkey. Ao tfas re`nggeklhtank as knt h`èptel, we strnkbiy urbe tfht tfe wnrl nverwfeig-

akb knt de ak iulel. Hk akhdaiaty tn iehve tfe fnge as tfe agpnrthkt pnakt, hkl ao lastress as sn breht

tfht at `rehtes tfht akhdaiaty, at wnuil seeg tn de nverwfeigakb. At deakb presekt npeks tfe lnnr tn inkb

lashbreegekts nver wfht ievei no lastress as nverwfeigakb. Re re`nggekl tfht, ak H`tavaty 8:, tfe

wnrl nverwfeigakb knt de usel ak respe`t no psy`fninba`hi lastress.

H persnk wfn as ukhdie tn iehve tfear fnge ht hii ohès hrbuhdiy brehter dhrraers orng phrtaàphtank

tfhk tfnse wfn keel tn de h``ngphkael onr hii mnurkeys. At as tfus strhkbe tfht at as h inwer s`nrakb

les`raptnr. \fe hllatankhi khkàhi `nsts no deakb ukhdie tn iehve nkes nwk fnge hre `nksalerhdie. Nke

fhs vhstiy khrrnwer `fnaès wfek pur`fhsakb, hkl waii tfus de ukhdie tn bet tfe dest nooers hvhaihdie ak

ghky `hses. \fere hre hisn hllatankhi leiavery `nsts. Zrnvasank no servaès tfht hre knrghiiy prnvalel

nutsale no tfe fnge, su`f hs bettakb h fharùt, hre sagaihriy iagatel.Re re`nggekl tfht deakb ukhdie

tn iehve tfe fnge, iace requarakb h persnk nr suppnrt lnb watf ynu onr hii mnurkeys, s`nre suoàektiy

ak H`tavaty 8: tn bave ektatiegekt tn tfe Ekfhkèl rhte.

\fe expihkhtnry kntes ghce ìehr tfht h mnurkey tn hk ukohgaiahr lestakhtank as hssugel tn akìule

tfe use no pudia` trhkspnrt. \fere whs sudsthktahi oeeiakb tfht tfas sfnuil de sthtel nk tfe ohè no tfe

h`tavaty. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe les`raptnrs onr H`tavaty 8: speàoy wfere h mnurkey akvnives pudia`

trhkspnrt, nr tfht tfas de ghle ìehr ak rebuihtanks watf sthtutnry onrè.


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Hk akhdaiaty tn uklerthce mnurkeys lue tn lastress as knt iagatel tn lastress tfht as psy`fninba`hi ak

nrabak. H persnk ghy de lastressel hdnut trhveiiakb lue tn tfe rasc ak`nktakekè hkl tfe ih`c no ohàiataes

tn lehi watf at. Re re`nggekl tfht lastress ak H`tavaty 8: knt de restra`tel tn tfht wfa`f as psy-

`fninba`hi ak nrabak. @nrrespnklakbiy, tfe lekatank tfht `nrrespnkls tn tfas sfnuil knt requare hk

eklurakb gekthi fehitf lasnrler. H lekatank hiinwakb las`retank ak letergakakb wfetfer lastress

as bekuakeiy experaekèl ghy de hpprnprahte.

Re knte tfht tfas h`tavaty hgnukts tn h revershi no tfe reèkt rebuihtnry `fhkbe hoonrlakb LIH Fabfer

Thte Gndaiaty tn penpie wfn hre severeiy vasuhiiy agpharel. Re urbe tfe Bnverkgekt tn strnkbiy `nk-

saler wfetfer tfas as hpprnprahte3 fhs tfe musta`htank ak exteklakb FTG tn severeiy vasuhiiy agpharel

aklavaluhis sngefnw inst vhialaty ak tfe ihst yehr>

\fe keel onr hals tn shoeiy oniinw h mnurkey (hs nppnsel tn hals tfht hre requarel tn gnve hrnukl ak

atseio) seegs tn de `ngpieteiy abknrel. Re `nksaler tfas h sabka`hkt ngassank. Onr exhgpie, vasuhiiy

agpharel penpie wfn use h `hke notek pur`fhse gnre suathdie `hkes tfhk hre prnvalel, hkl hllatankhi

`hkes ak `hse no drehchbe3 vasuhiiy agpharel respnklekts teii us tfht oree prnvasank no `hkes as iagatel tn

nke ht h tage, gehkakb tfht ao tfey ln knt duy h sphre tfegseives tfey hre ieot extregeiy vuikerhdie ao tfear

`hke as lhghbel wfaie tfey hre nut. \fas as knt hk ukusuhi n`ùrrekè, hs `hkes hre orhbaie, hkl useiessnkè lhghbel3 Re hre phrtaùihriy ukìehr wfy, ak tfe `hse no vasuhi agphargekt, tfe use no buale lnb

httrh`ts pnakts wfaie tfe use no wfate `hke lnes knt, phrtaùihriy bavek tfe oh`t tfht Buale Lnbs waii `nver

tfe `nsts no tfe lnbs oeelakb hkl veterakhry `hreS80W, hkl as knt usel speà`hiiy dy penpie no phrtaùihr

`fhrh`ter nr severaty no agphargekt. Pagaihriy, penpie watf vasuhi agphargekts nr `nbkatave laoùitaes

ghy de ekhdiel tn mnurkey gnre waleiy dy eie`trnka` khvabhtankhi hals, wfa`f hre very expeksave hkl

ghy requare ghaktekhkè. Knke no tfese hals wnuil de `nksalerel ak H`tavaty 88, sn tfey hre eooe`taveiy

lasrebhrlel ektareiy ak tfe se`nkl lrhot ZAZ hssessgekt `raterah. Re re`nggekl tfht `nksalerhtank no

hals de akìulel ak H`tavaty 8:. At wnuil de hpprnprahte onr hals tfht hre requarel pureiy tn gnve

hrnukl de lasrebhrlel, hs tfey hre `nksalerel ak H`tavaty 88.

\fese cey re`nggeklhtanks ghy de sugghrasel dy hiterakb H`tavaty 8:s les`raptnrs tn tfnse sfnwk

ak thdie0.4. At hisn ak`nrpnrhtes tfe re`nggeklhtanks no se`tank0.


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Re Hre Pphrthùs @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 0:

0.0.4 H`tavaty 88

\fas h`tavaty seegs tn de hgnkb tfe gnst ukìehr tn hppiy. \fe gehkakb no up tn as phrta uihriy

ukìehr. \hcakb tfe `hse stulaes aktn h``nukt, phrtaùihriy Ta`fhrl (`hse stuly ?), at hppehrs tfht snge

lasthkè deinw 5:g as suoàekt tn de `nksalerel hdie tn whic up tn 5:g. Fe `hk whic nkiy 4:0:

steps, wfa`f we deiaeve hpprnxaghtes tn h lasthkè no hdnut 8540g (thcakb h bekernus estaghte no h

25`g strale, tfnubf hk niler ghk ak phak as iaceiy tn thce sfnrter steps). \fe les`raptnr `fnaè bavek as

@, `hk gnve up tn 5: getres ukhalel dut kn ourtfer. At as ehsy tn see fnw tfas `nkìusank as reh`fel, hs

fe as ìehriy knt ektareiy ak`hphdie no gnvakb hrnukl, hs requarel onr les`raptnr B, hkl tfere as kn hal fe

`hk de rehsnkhdiy expe tel tn use, sn fe `hkknt de hssessel hs ao fe were usakb at. Zerverseiy, at hppehrs

fe wnuil s`nre 85 pnakts hs les`raptnr O ao fe usel h wfeei`fhar, hs tfe laoùitaes fe experaekès watf

fas fhkls wnuil prevekt fag orng seio-prnpeiiakb. Les`raptnrs requarakb tfht h persnk de hdie tn trhvei

ourtfer tfhk h èrthak lasthkè wnuil ghce at ìehr wfetfer h phrta uihr les`raptnr as shtasel, hkl hvnal

hky gasuklersthklakbs iehlakb tn httegpts tn letergake exh`tiy fnw ohr h persnk `nuil gnve watf h

bavek hal. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe wnrls up tn knt de usel ak H`tavaty 88 les`raptnrs, dut akstehl

eh`f les`raptnr reoer tn h speà` dek`fghrc lasthkè, requarakb tfht tfe ìhaghkt de hdie tn gnve

ourtfer tfhk tfht lasthkè.

\fe oh`t tfht wfeei`fhars hre nkiy `nksalerel wfere tfey hre keelel tn gnve 5:g as h very sfhrp

iagathtank. Re see orng tfe `hse stulaes tfht tfas wnuil exìule penpie wfn keel h wfeei`fhar onr hky

sabka`hkt h`tavaty nutsale tfe fnge, hs ak tfe `hse no Hkly (`hse stuly 2). Hkly uses h sta`c tn bet

hrnukl ht fnge, hkl `hk whic


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A hg `ngpieteiy sfn`cel ht fnw tfe pnakts systeg as stru`turel nk tfe kew

ZAZ. A fhve spakh dalh hkl hk hrta`hi Ssa`W ieb yet de`huse A bet hrnukl nk

`rut`fes A waii nkiy quhiaoy onr tfe inwer rhte gndaiaty phrt. A ùrrektiy bet

tfe fabf rhte gndaiaty/LIH wfa`f A use onr h gnthdaiaty `hr hkl tfas baves

ge gy aklepeklekè. At as kn exhbberhtank tn shy tfht watfnut at A waii de

vartuhiiy fnusednukl. Nkiy hdie tn bet nut wfek sngenke `hk thce ge hkltfas waii akturk Ssa`W eooe`t gy `failrek fnw waii tfey bet tn s`fnni>

Users no `rut`fes gust repihè oerruies, hkl ghy keel tn duy phllel binves onr exteklel use3 tfese

binves wehr nut hkl gust de repihèl. Users no wfeeiel whicakb orhges gust knt nkiy h`quare tfe

orhges, rhreiy prnvalel dy tfe KFP, tfey gust hisn eksure tfey hre ghakthakel hkl servaèl, repihè

wnrk-nut phrts, hkl iaceiy evektuhiiy repihè tfe wfnie orhge. Pagaihriy, users no su`f hals ohè h`èss

laoùitaes sagaihr tn wfeei`fhar users ak ghky `hses3 steps hre laoùit nr agphsshdie, ùrds presekt

sabka`hkt ndsthìes, hkl lnnrs hre laoùit nr agpnssadie tn kebntahte. Agprnvegekts ak h`èss sakè

tfe Lashdaiaty Las`ragakhtank H`t hkl Equhiaty H`t, wfaie sabka`hkt, fhve ohr orng eiagakhtel tfese

laoùitaes. \fey exìule tfnse usakb su`f gndaiaty hals orng h`èss tn ghky dusakess pregases, restra`t

tfear `fnaè no fnusakb, hkl evek presekt laoùitaes kebntahtakb pudia` streets, hii tnn notek oehturakb

ukevek phvakb, `nddies, hdsekt nr aksuoàekt lrnp cerds. Zudia` trhkspnrt as ohr orng ukavershiiy h`-

èssadie, evek h`èssadie duses hkl trhaks deakb orequektiy tnn `rnwlel. \fas `rehtes hllatankhi `nsts onr

leiaveraes, trhkspnrt, hkl fhvakb restra`tel `fnaès no prnvalers no bnnls hkl servaès. Re re`nggekl

tfht use no hals ntfer tfhk wfeei`fhars hkl gntnrasel levaès knt de `nksalerel equavhiekt tn usakb

kn hal ht hky lasthkè, nr ht iehst ak tfe 5:4::g lasthkè rhkbe. \fas as gnst agpnrthkt onr hals

tfht requare tfe use no dntf fhkls onr gnst no tfe tage tfey hre ak use, su`f hs whicakb orhges hkl

phars no `rut`fes.

Re hre hisn `nkèrkel dy tfe muxthpnsatank no les`raptnr H nr D watf les`raptnr L, espeàhiiy bavek

tfe exhgpie ukler L ak tfe expihkhtnry kntes, alektaes aklavaluhis wfn `hk use hk hal nr hppiahkè tn

gnve up tn 5: getres dut tfek requare h wfeei`fhar onr hkytfakb ourtfer. Ao h persnk requares h sabka`hktgndaiaty hal, ntfer tfhk h wfeei`fhar nr gntnrasel levaè, ak nrler tn gnve 5:g, at seegs hpprnprahte

tfht tfey s`nre rebhrliess no tfe lasthkè tfey ghy tfek de hdie tn trhvei. Hs expihakel hdnve, su`f hals

`hk presekt h sabka`hkt dhrraer hkl `nst. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe requaregekt onr hk hal tn gnve

5:g ìehriy ektatie h ìhaghkt tn ht iehst Pthklhrl rhte no tfe Gndaiaty eiegekt ak H`tavaty 88. \fe

exhgpie ak tfe expihkhtnry kntes subbestakb tfas wnuil nkiy de hvhaihdie ao h gnre sabka`hkt hal

were keelel tn trhvei ourtfer tfhk 5:g sfnuil de regnvel nr hiterel. H ìhaghkt wfn `hk gnve

ukhalel tn snge lasthkè sfnrter tfhk 5:g, dut requares hk hal ntfer tfhk h wfeei`fhar tn trhvei hs

ohr hs, nr ourtfer tfhk 5:g, sfnuil s`nre per les`raptnr L ak tfe se`nkl lrhot hssessgekt `raterah.

Tespnklekts fhve hisn akla`htel hrehs no hllatankhi `nsts reihtel tn gndaiaty tfht hre knt `nksalerel

ak tfe prnpnsel systeg=

\fht tfe why A whic as akeoàekt gehks A wehr nut sfnes gnre qua`ciy tfhkh knk-lashdiel persnk, sn A akùr `nsts iakcel tn wehrakb nut ìntfakb.

Fnwever, we fhve kn speà` re`nggeklhtanks watf rebhrl tn tfas prndieg.

\fese cey re`nggeklhtanks ghy de sugghrasel dy hiterakb H`tavaty 88s les`raptnrs tn tfnse sfnwk

ak thdie0.0nk tfe oniinwakb phbe. \n ceep ak iake watf hii no tfe re`nggeklhtanks hdnve, at as keèsshry


37/69


tn akìule hk hllatankhi lasthkè, hs we `nksaler lasthkès speàel hs rhkbes tn de prndieghta . At hisn

ak`nrpnrhtes tfe re`nggeklhtanks no se`tank0.

Ak tfe expihkhtnry knte we set nut prnpnshis onr tfe weabftakbs no les`raptnrs ak tfe h`tavataes

reihtakb tn ektatiegekt tn tfe Gndaiaty `ngpnkekt (h`tavataes 8:-88). Ak tfas lnùgekt we

fhve set nut tfe ektatiegekt tfresfnils onr tfe deket. Fnw weii ln ynu tfakc tfey wnrc tn

lastakbuasf detweek laooerakb ieveis no hdaiaty ak eh`f h`tavaty> Fnw weii ln ynu tfakc tfey

wnrc tn pranratase aklavaluhis nk tfe dhsas no tfear nverhii keel> Ln ynu tfakc we keel tn

ghce hky `fhkbes tn weabftakbs nr tfresfnils>

\fere whs sabka`hkt lashbreegekt watf tfe s`nres hkl tfresfnils onr Gndaiaty ak tfe ZAZ se`nkl

lrhot hssessgekt `raterah hkl `nksuithtank lnùgekt. 6


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0. Ln we keel tn ghce hky `fhkbes>

Hitfnubf tfas questank reoers tn Tebuihtanks 8


39/69


Ak tfe hssessgekt hk aklavaluhi gust de hdie tn `ngpiete hk h`tavaty les`raptnr reiahdiy,

repehteliy, shoeiy hkl ak h tageiy ghkker. Ntferwase tfey sfnuil de `nksalerel ukhdie tn

`ngpiete tfe h`tavaty les`radel ht tfht ievei. Ak phrhbrhpf 2.< no tfe expihkhtnry knte we set

nut lrhot lekatanks onr tfese hs oniinws=

Teiahdiy gehks tn h rehsnkhdie sthklhrl.

Ak h tageiy ohsfank gehks ak iess tfhk twaè tfe tage at wnuil thce onr hk aklavaluhi

watfnut hky agphargekt.

Tepehteliy gehks `ngpietel hs notek lurakb tfe lhy hs tfe aklavaluhi h`tavaty requares.

@nksalerhtank keels tn de bavek tn tfe ùguihtave eooe`ts no sygptngs su`f hs phak

hkl ohtabue a.e. wfetfer `ngpietakb tfe h`tavaty hlverseiy hooe`ts tfe aklavaluhis

hdaiaty tn sudsequektiy `ngpiete ntfer h`tavataes.

Phoeiy gehks ak h ohsfank tfht as ukiaceiy tn `huse fhrg tn tfe aklavaluhi, eatfer lare`tiy nr

tfrnubf vuikerhdaiaty tn tfe h`tanks no ntfers3 nr tn hkntfer persnk.

Rfht hre ynur vaews nk tfese> Pnge nrbhkashtanks fhve subbestel tfht tfese tergs sfnuil

de akìulel watfak tfe rebuihtanks. Ln ynu hbree> Ao sn, ln ynu fhve vaews nk fnw we

sfnuil ln sn onr exhgpie, hs h bekerhi prnvasank nr reoerrakb tn tfeg ak tfe lethai no h`tavaty

les`raptnrs>

\fere as bekerhi suppnrt tn tfe prak apie no tfese oh`tnrs. \fere as, fnwever, sabka`hkt oeeiakb

tfht tfese oh`tnrs sfnuil fhve ouii iebasihtave onrè, onr exhgpie dy akìusank ak rebuihtanks. 64.:% no

respnklekts hbreel watf tfe sthtegekt Teiahdiy, Tepehteliy, Phoeiy hkl Ak h \ageiy Ohsfank sfnuil

de bavek iebhi onrè, knt must de ak bualhkè, 52.0% hbreeakb strnkbiy3 nkiy 5.0% lashbreel watf tfe

sthtegekt.

Re knte tfht tfe Lashdaiaty Dekets @nksnrtaug, `nggektakb nk tfe rst lrhot, ndservel tfht tfere

as kntfakb ak tfe `raterah (nr ak tfe rebuihtanks) tfht wnuil h`t hs h prngpt tn eksure tfht aklavaluhis

gust de hdie tn uklerthce hk h`tavaty repehteliy, reiahdiy hkl shoeiy, lespate tfas deakb gektankel ak tfe

h``ngphkyakb akonrghtank. Evalekè `niie`tel orng tfe Rnrc @hphdaiaty Hssessgekt legnkstrhtes tfht

su`f `nksalerhtanks hre knt thcek prnperiy aktn h``nukt ao knt nk tfe ohè no tfe test.S8


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nkiy deakb hdie tn ghce dhreiy eladie onnl de knt reiahdiy> Rfht quhktaty no onnl gust nke de hdie

tn su`èssouiiy bet aktn nkes gnutf, `ngphrel tn tfe hgnukt tfht gasses, deonre nke as hdie tn `nkvey

onnl tn nkes gnutf reiahdiy> Pagaihriy, ak nrler tn letergake wfht as h tageiy ohsfank, tfere waii keel tn

de bualhkè hs tn tfe tage hk ukagpharel persnk wnuil thce tn `ngpiete eh`f h`tavaty, hkl fnw notek hk

h`tavaty wnuil knrghiiy de peronrgel ak h lhy. Re re`nggekl tfht knrghtave exhgpies de prnvalel

tn hal ak tfe hppia`htank no tfe oh`tnrs Teiahdiy, Tepehteliy hkl Ak h tageiy ohsfank, hkl tfht tfe

Bnverkgekt `nksuit waleiy nk tfese exhgpies. Re ln knt oeei at essektahi tfht su`f h `nksuithtank

de onrghi, dut at gust de npek tn hii akterestel phrtaes.

Npakank as lavalel nk wfetfer tfese oh`tnrs sfnuil de gektankel ak tfe h`tavataes hkl les`raptnrs. Ao

tfey ln knt fhve iebasihtave onrè, at wnuil de dekeàhi tn akìule tfnse oh`tnrs gnst reievhkt tn eh`f

h`tavaty ak tfe lekatank no tfht h`tavaty hkl ats les`raptnrs. Ao tfey fhve iebasihtave onrè hkl oehture

prngakektiy ak tfe trhakakb no hssessnrs hkl Leàsank Ghcers, at wnuil de iess useoui, hkl ghy de fhrg-

oui. Onr exhgpie, ao snge h`tavataes speà`hiiy reoerekè tfe questank no Phoety, at wnuil seeg agpiaàt

tfht shoety as knt hk agpnrthkt oh`tnr ak ntfer h`tavataes. Zrnvalel tfht tfe oh`tnrs no Teiahdiy, Te-

pehteliy, Phoeiy hkl Ak h tageiy ohsfank hre bavek iebasihtave onrè, hkl oehture prngakektiy ak

trhakakb, we re`nggekl tfht tfey knt de gektankel speà`hiiy ak tfe h`tavataes nr les`raptnrs.\fere as sabka`hkt `nkèrk tfht phak, khuseh, ohtabue, vertabn hkl ntfer onrgs no las`ngonrt waii knt

de hlequhteiy hiinwel onr dy tfese oh`tnrs, evek watf tfe re`nggeklhtanks hdnve=

\fere as aksuoàekt httektank phal tn phak hkl ohtabue3 tfe rebuihtankssfnuil use tfe pfrhse watfnut severe las`ngonrt tn akla`hte wfetfer

sngenke `hk ln sngetfakb nr knt.

Zenpie ak fnrreklnus hgnukts no phak hre `nksalerel peroe`tiy `hphdie nogndaiasakb.

Zenpie hre knt fhppy tfht tfey ghy de `nksalerel hdie tn ln sngetfakb ao lnakb sn `huses tfeg

aktekse phak, wnrseks vertabn, akluès khuseh, hkl sn onrtf. Akstehl, tfey sfnuil de `nksalerel ukhdie tn

ln sngetfakb ao at `huses hky onrg no severe las`ngonrt. Re hre uksure fnw tfas sfnuil de fhkliel ak tfe

`hse no penpie wfn hre ak `nktakunus severe las`ngonrt onr sabka`hkt prnpnrtanks no tfe tage. Ak ghky

`hses at ghy de hpprnprahte tn `nksaler tfas ak tergs no tfe hllatankhi las`ngonrt `husel dy tfe h`tavaty,

dut tfnse ak very severe las`ngonrt gnst no tfe tage sfnuil bekerhiiy knt de `nksalerel hdie tn ln ghky

h`tavataes, hs su`f las`ngonrt `hk de presugel tn prevekt tfe keèsshry `nkèktrhtank nk gnst thscs.

Re re`nggekl tfht h otf oh`tnr de hllel tn suppiegekt Teiahdiy, Tepehteliy, Phoeiy hkl Ak h

tageiy ohsfank3 tfe hssessgekt sfnuil hisn hsc wfht tfey `hk ln Ratfnut severe las`ngonrt.

Hs hk ndservhtank tfht ghy de no use ak trhakakb hssessnrs, we fhve onukl tfht lashdiel penpie ln knt

usuhiiy tfakc ak tfe shge tergs hs usel ak tfe se`nkl lrhot hkl `nksuithtank. \fe use no ìehriy lekel,

hkhiyta`hi tergs ak iebasihtank hkl bualhkè as uklersthklhdie, dut ghy iehl tn h gasght`f lurakb tfe

hssessgekt prnèss. Onr exhgpie, we fhve onukl tfht lashdiel penpie notek tfakc no tfese oh`tnrs ak

tergs no strubbie. Ao h persnk as ukhdie tn ln sngetfakb ak h tageiy ohsfank, tfey waii notek tfakc no at

hs strubbiakb tn ln at qua`ciy eknubf, onr exhgpie, nr ao ukhdie tn ln at reiahdiy tfey ghy tfakc no at hs

strubbiakb tn ln at weii eknubf. \fe `ngpnukl eooe`t ghy de tfnubft no sagpiy hs strubbiakb tn ln

at. Re re`nggekl tfht hssessnr trhakakb akìule bualhkè nk tfe whys tfht lashdiel penpie ghy


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tfakc no tfakbs, hkl tfe tergs tfey gabft use, hs tfey ghy knt tfakc no tfakbs ak tfe shge tergs

usel ak iebasihtank nr noàhi bualhkè.

\fere as `nkèrk tfht Phoety waii de tfnubft no wfniiy nr praghraiy ak tergs no pfysa`hi fhrg tn

aklavaluhis. Lhghbe tn prnperty sfnuil de `nksalerel hs weii, hs sfnuil egntankhi fhrg, su`f hs wfere

hk h`tavaty as iaceiy tn iehl tn experaekès tfht hre trabberakb no gekthi fehitf prndiegs, nr tfe rascno lhghbakb cat`fek equapgekt. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe lekatank no Phoeiy ìehriy ek`ngphss

egntankhi fhrg hkl lhghbe tn prnperty.

At as agpnrthkt tn knte tfht tfe oh`t h persnk lnes sngetfakb lnes knt ak atseio sfnw tfht tfey ln at

Phoeiy. Lashdiel penpie, iace hky ntfer persnk, hre oree tn leàle tn ln tfakbs tfht hre ukshoe nr ukwase

onr tfear nwk rehsnks. H persnk wfn as knt bekerhiiy `nksalerel shoe tn iehve tfear fnge hinke ghy

leàle tfht tfey hre bnakb onr h sfnrt whic rebhrliess no tfas, de`huse tfey oeei tfe rasc as nutweabfel dy

tfe deket no bettakb nut no tfear fnge onr h oew gakutes. Zenpie wfn `hkknt `nnc shoeiy ghy leàle tfht

tfe rasc as wnrtf at tn eht sngetfakb laooerekt, nr tn fhve tfe `fhkè no tfe pnssadie rewhrl no shtasoh`tank

ht tfear nwk h`faevegekt. \fas as phrta uihriy reievhkt tn kew ìhaghkts, wfn hre iaceiy tn de fhvakb tn

ghkhbe hs dest tfey `hk watfnut tfe suppnrt nr hals tfht ZAZ wnuil hoonrl tfeg, dut at as hisn h oree `fnaè

no tfnse hirehly reèavakb tfe deket. Re re`nggekl tfht at de ghle ìehr tn hssessnrs, LeàsankGhcers hkl tradukhi gegders tfht penpie ghy peronrg hk h`tavaty lespate at deakb ukshoe, hkl

tfht peronrgakb tfe h`tavaty as knt prnno tfht tfey `hk ln at Phoeiy. Pagaihr hrbugekts fnil onr tfe

ntfer oh`tnrs tfht hre tn de `nksalerel, dut Phoety as tfe gnst phrhgnukt oh`tnr ak tfas respe`t.

\fere as `nkèrk tfht Tepehteliy waii de tfnubft no ektareiy ak tergs no tfe eooe`ts no hk h`tavaty nk

h ìhaghkts hdaiaty tn peronrg ntfer h`tavataes tfht lhy. Ghky `nklatanks iehl tn ohtabue tfht ihst deynkl

tfht lhy, hkl ghky aklavaluhis kl tfht tfe ouii eooe`ts no phak hkl ohtabue orng exertank hre knt oeit

uktai tfe kext lhy. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe lekatank no Tepehteliy ìehriy reoer tn tfe agph`t nk

hdaiaty tn peronrg ntfer h`tavataes nk sudsequekt lhys hs weii hs tfe shge lhy.

\fere as `nkèrk tfht Tepehteliy waii de tfnubft no ektareiy ak tergs no tfe eooe`ts no hk h`tavaty

nk h ìhaghkts hdaiaty tn peronrg tfe ntfer h`tavataes `nksalerel ak tfe ZAZ hssessgekt. Ghky ntferh`tavataes hre essektahi tn iaoe, hkl wfaie we uklersthkl tfht at wnuil de `nktrhry tn tfe prakàpies no

ZAZ tn `nksaler hii lhy-tn-lhy h`tavataes, lashdiel penpie ln staii fhve tn fnnver, thce nut ruddasf, ln

tfear mnds nr vniukthry wnrc. Lashdiel penpie hre hisn ektatiel tn expe`t tn de hdie tn ekbhbe ak snàhi

hkl re`rehtankhi h`tavataes nk tfe shge dhsas hs penpie wfn hre knt lashdiel. Re re`nggekl tfht

tfe lekatank no Tepehteliy ìehriy `nksaler tfe agph`t nk hii rehsnkhdie h`tavataes no h persnks

lhy-tn-lhy iaoe, knt nkiy tfnse h`tavataes `nksalerel ak tfe ZAZ hssessgekt.

\fere as `nkèrk tfht tfese oh`tnrs ghy nkiy de `nksalerel ak asnihtank. Onr exhgpie, at ghy de

pnssadie onr sngenke tn ln sngetfakb Phoeiy, hkl pnssadie onr tfeg tn ln at Ak h tageiy ohsfank, dut knt

pnssadie onr tfeg tn ln dntf3 thcakb tfe extrh steps hkl pre`hutanks tn ln at shoeiy `hk ghce tfe thsc thce

`nksalerhdiy inkber. Re re`nggekl tfht rebuihtanks ghce at expiaàtiy ìehr tfht tfe h`tavaty gust

de hdie tn de peronrgel Teiahdiy, Tepehteliy, Phoeiy hklAk h tageiy ohsfank, hs weii hs hky ntfer

oh`tnrs tfht ghy de `nksalerel, hii ht tfe shge tage.

0.6 Xuestank 6

\fe Bnverkgekt `nksuithtank hscs=

Rfht hre ynur vaews nk tfe lekatanks ak tfe rebuihtanks>


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\fe lrhot rebuihtanks `nkthak h kugder no lekatanks ak Tebuihtank 8 (Akterprethtank) hkl

P`feluie 8. Ln we keel tn ghce `fhkbes tn hky no tfese>

Re sfnuil rst knte tfht at as Tebuihtank 4 tfht `nkèrks akterprethtank hkl lekatanks, knt Tebuihtank

83 Tebuihtank 8 `nkèrks àthtank hkl `nggekègekt.\fere as lasshtasoh`tank watf ghky lekatanks. 62.8% no respnklekts lashbreel watf tfe sthtegekt

tfe lekatanks usel ak tfe ZAZ hssessgekt hre bekerhiiy seksadie, 54.0% lashbreeakb strnkbiy3 nkiy

4.4% no respnklekts hbreel watf tfht sthtegekt. \fere hre h kugder no hrehs we fhve lasèrkel phrtaùihr

`nkèrk nver.

Ghky no tfese hlmustgekts tn lekatanks hre essektahiiy lupia`htave no pnakts ghle ak ehriaer ques-

tanks. \fas as de`huse tfey hre reievhkt hkswers tn dntf questanks. Fnwever, knt hii hiterel lekatanks

keèsshry tn agpiegekt nur ehriaer re`nggeklhtanks hre gektankel ak tfas se`tank. \fas lnes knt gehk

tfht we ln knt tfakc su`f `fhkbes hre keèsshry. Ghky no nur re`nggeklhtanks ak vhranus se`tanks no

tfas sudgassank `nuil de agpiegektel prakàphiiy dy tfe hiterhtank no lekatanks.

Znakt (`) no tfe lekatank no hal nr hppiahkè as h `huse onr `nkèrk. At seegs tn subbest tfht hky halnr hppiahkè tfht wnuil knt de ukusuhi onr hk ukagpharel persnk tn use waii de abknrel ao at ak`rehses tfe

dhrraers ohèl dy tfe ìhaghkt. \fas as knt ìehr, fnwever. Evek ao at we hre `nrre`t ak nur uklersthklakb

no tfas, we ln knt deiaeve tfht at as rehsnkhdie. Re re`nggekl tfht pnakt (`) ak tfe lekatank no hal

nr hppiahkè de ghle ìehr, hkl tfek ourtfer `nksuitel upnk. Re hisn oeei tfht pnakt (h) ak tfe

lekatank de siabftiy exteklel tn akìule tfe ghaktekhkè no h ouk`tank, sn tfht hals tfht hre usel ak

nrler tn ghakthak h ievei no `hphdaiaty hre akìulel3 ìehriy, tfe hssessgekt sfnuil knt de dhsel nk h

ìhaghkt knt usakb equapgekt tfht waii prevekt tfear `nklatank leteranrhtakb. Re re`nggekl tfht pnakt

(h) ak tfe lekatank no hal nr hppiahkè de exteklel dy tfe akìusank no ghakthak ak tfe iast no

prnpertaes ak reihtank tn ouk`tank.

Dhtfe as lekel hs ìehkakb nkes tnrsn, ohè hkl uklerhrgs. Hs kntel ak se`tank0.8.5nk phbe86,

tfere hre kugernus prndiegs watf tfas lekatank. Nur re`nggeklhtanks ak tfht se`tank nutiake fnw atsfnuil de hiterel. Onr reoerekè tfe cey pnakts ak hgeklakb at sfnuil de tfe exteksank no hrehs no tfe

dnly whsfel tn akìule tfe iagds, speàoyakb tfht tfe akatahi hssugptank as tfe use no h dhtf nr sfnwer,

hkl eksurakb tfht tfe akìusave lekatank no tnrsn onukl ak tfe Nxonrl Ekbiasf La`tankhry hkl hkhtnga`hi

reoerekès de usel.

Re fhve kntel `nkèrks rebhrlakb tfe lekatank hkl akterprethtank no `nnc ak se`tank 0.8.4 nk

phbe8


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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank


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Tebuihtanks 5 tn 8: no tfe lrhot rebuihtanks reihte tn eiegekts no tfe hssessgekt prnèss onrZersnkhi Aklepeklekè Zhygekt, hrnukl tfe requaregekt tn prnvale akonrghtank hkl httekl

ohè-tn-ohè `nksuithtanks, tfe `nksequekès no ohaiakb tn geet tfese requaregekts hkl wfek

aklavaluhis gabft fhve bnnl rehsnk onr knt geetakb tfese. Ln ynu fhve hky `nggekts nk

tfese rebuihtanks>

Re fhve h kugder no `nkèrks hrnukl hspe`ts `nverel dy tfese lrhot rebuihtanks. Re fhve snrtel tfe

hrehs we fhve alektael aktn sephrhte se`tanks onr ìhraty.

0.1.8 Akonrghtank tn de Zrnvalel

Re hre `nkèrkel tfht Tebuihtank 5(8)(d) baves hk npek eklel pnwer onr hssessnrs nr Leàsank Ghcers

tn requare hky akonrghtank orng h ìhaghkt, watfnut iagat. Re ln knt uklersthkl wfy hky akonrghtank ak

exèss no tfht `nverel dy 5(8)(h)3 fnw `hk akonrghtank knt reihtel tn h ìhaghkts `hphdaiaty tn peronrg

tfe h`tavataes no tfe hssessgekt de reievhkt tn tfe hssessgekt> Re deiaeve tfht at as rehsnkhdie tn requare

tfe Pe`rethry no Pthte tn legnkstrhte tfe reievhkè no tfe akonrghtank requestel. Re re`nggekl tfht

Tebuihtank 5(8)(d) de regnvel.

\fe hdaiaty tn prnvale akonrghtank as iaceiy tn de hooe`tel dy pudia` fnialhys. Re re`nggekl tfht

tfe peranl no tage speàel ak Tebuihtank 5(4) de speàel tn thce h``nukt no pudia` fnialhys.


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50/69

@fhpter hssetlet805208:705:8, 4:88.

S88W wehresphrthùs.nrb.uc. Re Hre Pphrthùs wedsate. fttp=//wehresphrthùs.nrb.uc/.

S84W Re Hre Pphrthùs onrugs.fttp=//sphrthùsonrug.nrb.uc/.

S80W \fe Buale Lnbs onr tfe Diakl Hssn ahtank. Buale Lnbs UC @fhraty onr tfe Diakl hkl Zhrtahiiy

Pabftel. fttp=//www.bualelnbs.nrb.uc/, 4:84.

S8


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Hppeklax H

H Zersnkhi Exhgpie no tfe Keel onr

Expeksave Equapgekt onr Ghkhbegekt no

@nklatank, Zhak, hkl Pieep

\fas se`tank as tfe verdhtag sudgassank no h ùrrekt LIH ìhaghkt wfn uses expeksave equap-

gekt tn ghkhbe phak, `nktrni tfear `nklatank hkl ohàiathte sieep

A ùrrektiy reèave LIH fabfer rhte `hre hkl gndaiaty, hkl A hg very `nkèrkel tfht tfe se`nkl lrhot

ZAZ `raterah ln knt prnvale prnxaes onr tfe `nst no expeksave equapgekt keelel tn ghkhbe gy phak hkl

drehtfiesskess, prevekt leteranrhtank ak gy `nklatank hkl ghxagaze gy weii-deakb. A fhve fhl severe

hkcyinsakb spnklyiatas hkl spakhi nstenhrtfratas onr ghky yehrs hkl A fhve h inrlnta` spake hkl restra`tel

`fest exphksank. Nke no gy dabbest `fhiiekbes as tn kl whys tn ghkhbe severe `frnka` phak. A thce h

kugder no gela`htanks tn ghkhbe phak, akìulakb hkta-akfflhgghtnraes hkl gnrpfake3 tfe tnthi kugderno laooerekt lrubs, akìulakb tfese, tfht A fhve tn thce nk h lhaiy dhsas as ùrrektiy kake. A hisn use fnge

nxybek tn hiievahte drehtfakb laoùitaes lue tn restra`tel `fest exphksank (wfa`f hisn `huses severe phak

hrnukl gy rad`hbe).

A fhve tn use expeksave equapgekt praghraiy tn=

`nktrni tfe phak `husel dy pressure nk gy spake hkl mnakts, hkl

prnvale pnsturhi suppnrt tn ekhdie gy dnly tn hssuge h pnsatank tfht gakagazes phak hkl ghxag-

azes resparhtnry ouk`tank.

Gy BZ hkl A fhve requestel feip orng dntf fehitf hkl snàhi `hre servaès watf tfe `nst no tfas equap-

gekt dut nur requests fhve deek turkel lnwk lespate hk hssessgekt dy tfe `nggukaty pfysantferhpast

wfa`f `nkrgs gy keels.

Pakè tfe siabftest pressure nk gy fap mnakts hkl gy tfnrhà` hkl iugdhr spake `huses very severe

phak, A fhve tn use h lykhga har ghttress, ak`nrpnrhtakb h pugp. \fas ghttress, h Dreeze orng

Hrmn-Fuktieabf, hisn prnvales pnsturhi suppnrt dy gnuilakb atseio tn tfe `nktnurs no gy inrlnta` spake.

\fe Dreeze ghttress `nst ge 0,2:: ak ihte 4::1 hkl `nsts hpprnxaghteiy 8:: per yehr tn servaè3 at as

expe`tel tn ihst h tnthi no 58: yehrs, hoter wfa`f tage at waii keel tn de repihèl. A dnubft tfas wfek at

de`hge hpphrekt tfht h gegnry onhg ghttress kn inkber prnvalel suoàekt pressure reiaeo.

5


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Lue tn tfe akfflhgghtnry hkl lebekerhtave prndiegs watf gy spake, A hg ukhdie tn iae fflht watfnut

experaekàkb extrege phak3 A fhve tn sieep watf gy sfnuilers hkl gy ckees rhasel. \fas pnsatank hisn

feips ge tn exphkl gy iukbs. At as agpnssadie tn reiahdiy `rehte tfas sfhpe watf paiinws, evek watf

`nksthkt hssasthkè orng hkntfer persnk, sn A fhve h prniakb delhk Hrmn-Fuktieabf Gakuet 4, wfa`f

`nst 8,4:: tn pur`fhse hkl hpprnxaghteiy 8:: per yehr tn servaè3 at as expe`tel tn ihst hdnut 85 yehrs,

hoter wfa`f tage at ghy keel tn de repihèl. A usel tn fhve hk hlmusthdie del orng h fabf street stnre dut

at lal knt prnvale tfe pnsturhi suppnrt nooerel dy speàhiast, fnspathi-type dels su`f hs tfe Gakuet 4.

Teiaeo no pressure hisn keèssathtes tfe use no _hraiate ùsfanks, wfa`f `nkthak h ùsfank no har

hs weii hs gnuilakb tfegseives hrnukl tfe dnly. A fhve nke _hraiate ùsfank wfa`f as xel sega-

perghkektiy tn gy pnwerel wfeei`fhar hkl nke wfa`f sagaihriy repihès tfe sthklhrl seht phllakb no

gy hrg`fhar. Eh`f no tfese ùsfanks `nst 005 hkl ghy keel tn de repihèl hoter 05 yehrs.

Ak hllatank tn deakb ukhdie tn iae fflht, A hg ukhdie tn sat uprabft onr hky iekbtf no tage hkl A hisn keel

exèiiekt iugdhr suppnrt. A tfereonre fhve h Cartnk Oatonrg hlmusthdie hrg`fhar, `nstakb 0,:::, wfa`f

prnvales hk essektahi tait-ak-sphè ouk`tank tn ekhdie ge tn sat ak h sagaihr pnsatank tn tfht wfa`f A hlnpt

ak del. \fe `fhar hisn fhs hk hlmusthdie iugdhr suppnrt wfa`f prnvales tfe essektahi suppnrt A keel

onr gy inrlnta spake. Hlmusthdie `fhars orng ghakstrehg prnvalers ln knt prnvale h true tait-ak-sphèohàiaty dut ohàiathte h reìakel pnsatank wfa`f as tnn fflht tn suppnrt gy dnly. A fnpe gy Oatonrg `fhar

waii bave ge ghky yehrs no servaè dut at ghy keel tn de repihèl ht snge pnakt ak tfe outure.

Ak hllatank tn tfe hdnve ategs no equapgekt, A hisn fhve tn phy onr hkl ghakthak gy nwk wfeei`fhar,

watf h tait-ak-sphè ouk`tank, hs A ln knt geet tfe `raterah onr h pnwerel wfeei`fhar nk tfe KFP dut hg

ukhdie tn use h ghkuhi `fhar. Gy fabfer rhte gndaiaty `ngpnkekt no LIH phys onr hk akterkhi trhksoer

wfeei`fhar h`èssadie vefaìe, onr wfa`f tfe lnwkphygekt whs ghakiy get dy h brhkt orng tfe Ppeàhiast

_efaìes Oukl. Rfaist tfe rest no gy equapgekt, les`radel hdnve, as extregeiy expeksave, gy fabfer rhte

`hre `ngpnkekt no LIH ghces snge `nktradutank tn tfe fube nverhii expekse no ghkhbakb gy `nklatank.

\fe keel onr expeksave equapgekt sfnuil de `nverel dy suathdie prnxaes ak tfe ZAZ `raterah sn tfht A `hk

hoonrl tn ghakthak hkl repihè at hs keèsshry.


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Hppeklax D

Aiiustrhtank no Zerverse Tesuits no Lrhot

Tebuihtank


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H`tavaty 8 15% L= keels prngptakb tn prephre hkl `nnc h sagpie

gehi

4 pnakts

?:% O= keels hssasthkè tn prephre hkl `nnc h sagpie

gehi

< pnakts

P`nre usel as 4 pnakts

H`tavaty < 8::% O= Keels hal tn dhtfe 4 pnakts

?:% B= keels hssasthkè tn dhtfe < pnakts

P`nre usel as 4 pnakts

H tavaty ? ?:% L= keels hssasthkè tn lress tfear inwer fhio 0 pnakts

Pfe s`nres 2, ohaiakb tn quhiaoy onr hky Lhaiy Iavakb rhte.

\fus Dnd as ektatiel tn Pthklhrl Lhaiy Iavakb, hkl Hiaè, wfn ohès brehter dhrraers hkl `nsts, as

knt. \fas as de`huse


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Hppeklax @

\fe Experaekè no hk Ak`nktakekt

HluitH @rataàsg no tfe Pe`nkl Lrhots

\rehtgekt no Ak`nktakekè

\fas se`tank as tfe verdhtag sudgassank no hk hluit watf ouii lnudie ak`nktakekè.

\fe `nktakekè les`raptnrs onr ZAZ hre presektiy akìulel ak tfe h`tavaty onr tnaiet keels, wfa`f

as knt hpprnprahte, hs tfe tnaiet keels onr tfnse penpie watf knrghi ouk`tank hre very laooerekt orng

tfnse watf eatfer dnwei nr dihller ak`nktakekètfese hre `nklatanks wfa`f hre `ngpiex hkl fhve ohr

reh`fakb `nksequekès. \fere hre severhi hrehs no h`tavaty wfa`f hre hssessel onr ZAZ hkl tfe eooe`ts no

ak`nktakekè hre knt oh`tnrel aktn hky no tfeg, wfa`f `hiis aktn questank tfe vhialaty no tfnse hssessgekts

ak prnvalakb hk nverhii prnxy onr tfe `nsts akùrrel hs h resuit no lashdaiaty. Onr exhgpie= ak`nktakekè

ghces at gnre laoùit tn ekbhbe snàhiiy hkl fhs hk agph`t nk gekthi fehitf, sngetages resuitakb ak

hbnrhpfndah. \fas drnubft nk dy tfe oehr no fhvakb hk h` alekt ak pudia . \fas `hk hisn agph t nk

gndaiaty hkl tfe use no pudia` trhkspnrt onr rehsnks hdnve hkl hisn tfe keèssaty tn `hrry tfe keèsshry

suppiaes watf wfa`f tn lehi watf su`f n`ùrrekèstfese eooe`ts hre knt thcek aktn h``nukt hkywfere ak

tfe ZAZ hssessgekt.

Onr sngenke watf knrghi ouk`tank, tnaietakb as hdnut bettakb tn hkl orng tfe tnaiet, feip watf bet-

takb nk hkl noo tfe tnaiet hkl watf ìehkakb hoter tnaiet use. Onr sngenke watf eatfer dnwei nr dihller

ak`nktakekè - nr ak snge `hses dntftnaietakb akìules lehiakb watf tfe eooe`ts no iehchbe/h`àlekts

hkl hs h`àlekts `hk n`ùr hkywfere ht hky tage, orequektiy tfe ìehkakb no ntfer hrehs desale tfe tnaiet

nr dhtfrnng. At keèssathtes lressakb hkl uklressakb, dhtfakb nr sfnwerakb. Rfere h stngh nr ntfer

`niie`takb levaè as usel, tnaietakb akìules tfe `fhkbakb no dhbs/`niie`takb levaès hkl hssnàhtel scak`hre hs weii hs hii tfe ntfer oh`tnrs gektankel hdnve.

Rfaist A hppreàhte tfht dhtfakb hkl lressakb h`tavataes hre `nverel eisewfere, A wnuil hrbue tfht

tfey hre knt hs strhabftonrwhrl wfek lehiakb watf ak`nktakekè hs wfek uklerthcek hs phrt no knrghi

everylhy hdiutank h`tavaty. Rhsfakb/dhtfakb, lressakb/uklressakb wnuil n`ùr ht tfe sthrt hkl ekl no

eh`f lhy. Rfere ak`nktakekè as h oh`tnr, tfese h`tavataes `hk n`ùr orequektiy tfrnubfnut tfe lhy.

Lressakb hkl uklressakb, onr exhgpie, hoter h dnwei nr dihller h`àlekt `hk akvnive tfe regnvhi no

wet nr snaiel phllakb/ìntfakb hkl dnlaiy whste orng ìntfakb hkl uklerwehr. Dhtfakb as gnre akteksave

hs at requares tfe regnvhi no shge orng tfe scak hkl tfnrnubf ìehksakb tn hvnal akoe`tank hkl eksure

56


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persnkhi fybaeke. \fe prnèss hisn akvnives tfe ìehkakb hkl lasakoe`takb no tfe ohàiataes tn hvnal akoe`-

tank. \fese assues hisn iakc ak tn tfe oh`t tfht ZAZ h`tavataes fhve tn de `ngpietel shoeiy, repehteliy hkl

ak h tageiy ghkkerhii no wfa`f oh`tnr fere.

\fe `nsts akvnivel watf ak`nktakekè hre prndhdiy hgnkb snge no tfe ehsaest lashdaiaty reihtel `nsts

tn quhktaoy hkl tfas ourtfer `hiis aktn questank wfy ZAZ lnes knt hssess at prnperiy. Onr exhgpie, ak`rehselsfnwerakb/dhtfakb hkl use no whsfakb gh`fakes resuit ak fabfer utaiaty daiistfas as ever gnre reievhkt

hs ouei praès rase. @hk ZAZ rehiiy ìhag tn prnvale h rehiasta` hssessgekt no extrh `nst ao tfas as knt

oh`tnrel ak> Hkntfer exhgpie as prnvasankakb no suppiaes. Lue tn ak`rehsel pressure nk tfe KFP, BZs

hre rnutakeiy iagatakb tfe suppiaes hvhaihdie tn ak`nktakekè suooerers hkl stngh phtaekts, hs tfey hre

suppiael vah oree pres`raptank. \fas pht`fy prnvasankakb gehks tfht LIH as deakb usel dy phtaekts tn duy

wfhtever as knt hvhaihdie orng tfe KFPakìulakb hpprnprahte persnkhi hkl del phllakb, hpprnprahte

uklerwehr, hktasepta`s hkl dhrraer `rehgs, tn khge dut h oew.

A wnuil hisn hrbue tfht usakb tfe presekt LIH `hre `ngpnkekt, phtaekts hre detter hdie tn snurè

tfese tfakbs h int gnre `fehpiy tfhk ao tfey were prnvalel vah tfe KFPexhgakhtank no hky speàhi-

ast suppiaers wedsate waii `nkrg tfe hstrnknga`hi praè no speàhiast uklerwehr/phllakb onr exhgpie.

@fehper ghakstrehg ategs wfa`f `hk de gnlael hre waleiy hvhaihdie hkl superghrcet dhsa`s rhkbes akkhppaes prnvale h `fehper hiterkhtave tfhk speàhiast phllakb. \fe expe`tel relu`tank ak `nst hktaàphtel

dy ZAZ waii hignst èrthakiy de wapel nut ak prnvalakb phtaekts wfn inse ektatiegekt watf hiterkhtave

suppnrt ht gu`f fabfer `nst.

Nk h persnkhi ievei, iet ge bave ynu h typa`hi exhgpie no fnw sngenke watf h `nggnk keurninba`hi

`nklatankspakh dalhas hooe`tel dy `nktakekè assues.

A fhve kn dihllerA fhve h stngh wfa`f repihès tfe ouk`tank hkl egptaes aktn h dhb htth`fel dy

hlfesave tn gy sale. \fas `nklatank fhs kever deek weii `nktrniiel lue tn orequekt hssnàhtel scak `nk-

latanks wfa`f `huse prndiegs watf hlfesank no tfe dhbs hkl resuits ak orequekt iehchbe. Dhrraer `rehgs

feip tn snge extekt watf tfe h`tuhi scak `nklatanks, dut tfey `huse hlfesank prndiegs ak tfegseives.

\fe dhbs fhve tn de htth`fel tn ìehk, lry scak, hkl ak gy `hse wfaist iyakb fflht, de`huse A fhve h cakcak tfe scak `husel dy s`hrrakb, wfa`f faklers hlfesank. A keel feip orng sngenke eise tn eksure tfe

dhbs hre pnsatankel `nrre tiy hkl hisn tn feip ge sat up hoterwhrls. Iehcs resuit ak vhryakb lebrees no

wetkess wfa`f requare dhtfakb hkl `fhkbakb ìntfeshbhak requarakb feip. A fhve tn de `hreoui hdnut

sattakb pnsatanks, gnvakb hwcwhrliy hkl hisn tfe h`t no whicakb `hk drakb tfe dhbs nooA fhve hk hwc-

whrl twastakb bhat wfa`f hbbrhvhtes tfe prndieg. A use h kabft lrhakhbe dhb wfa`f requares feip orng

sngenke eise tn ghkhbe, hkl kabft h`àlekts hre orequektdhtfakb, dellakb/ intfakb `fhkbakb et`, hre

orequekt n`ùrrekès ak tfe sghii fnurs.

A fhve kn vniukthry dnwei `nktrni, wfa`f keèssathtes phllakb hkl prnte`tave uklerwehr ht hii tages.

A fhve kn sekshtank ak hkus nr duttn`cs hkl A fhve tn ln h ghkuhi evhùhtank lhaiy, onr wfa`f A requare

feip hs A fhve tn hssuge hwcwhrl pnsatanks hkl sngetages iae fflht nk phllakb tn ln tfe keèsshry. A fhve

tn wht`f gy laet `hreouiiy hs tfe dnwei as ehsaiy arrathtelepasnles no lahrrfneh hre orequekt hkl gessy.

\fe hdsekè no gusìe `nktrni hkl tfe eooe`ts no yehrs no ghkuhi evhùhtanks gehk tfht tfe hkus lnes

knt ìnse prnperiy hoter evhùhtank, resuitakb ak iehchbe. Gnst no tfe tage, hoter hk h`àlekt tfe nkiy

fybaeka why no ìehkakb up as tn bet aktn tfe dhtf nr sfnwerhbhak requarakb feip.

\fese hre sthkl hinke `nklatanks ak tfear nwk rabft, dut wfek `nupiel watf gndaiaty prndiegs, iaoe

bets `nksalerhdiy gnre laoùit. A fhve h keurninba`hi `nklatank hkl hssnàhtel tetferel `nrl syklrnge

wfa`f gehks tfht wfht inwer iagd ouk`tank A fhve as sinwiy leteranrhtakb. At ghces tnaietakb, sfnwerakb

hkl dhtfakb very laoùit evek watf hpprnprahte sehtakb hkl hals, hkl sn fhs h sabka`hkt agph`t nk tfe


65/69

Re Hre Pphrthùs @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank ?:

ghkhbegekt no hssnàhtel ak`nktakekè.

A fnpe tfas bekerhi les`raptank no tfe typa`hi prndiegs A ohè eh`f lhy, feips tn put aktn perspe`tave

tfe `ngpiex khture no tfas hreh no lashdaiaty hkl bnes snge why tnwhrls ghcakb tfe pnakt tfht ZAZ

hssessgekt h`tavaty hkl les`raptnrs onr ak`nktakekè ln knt deinkb ak tfe bekerhi `htebnry no tnaietakb.

\fe ZAZ hssessgekt sagpiy lnes knt re`nbkase tfe extekt tn wfa`f ak`nktakekè as h oh`tnr h`rnss h walerhkbe no lashdaiatytfe nkiy hssessgekt prnvalel onr tfe `nklatank ukler ZAZ as tfe sagpie hwhrl no

pnakts wfere tfe `nklatank as knt eooe taveiy ghkhbel. \fe `nklatank as gu`f gnre `ngpiex tfhk tfht,

hkl hisn fhs hk eooe t ak ntfer hrehs no iaoe, hs A fhve trael tn legnkstrhte fere. A ln knt deiaeve tfht

tfe presekt hssessgekt prnvales hk hlequhte prnxy onr tfe sabka`hkt `nst no lehiakb watf tfe `nklatank

hkl hs h resuit, h sabka`hkt kugder no lashdiel penpie waii de ieot watfnut suppnrt, wfa`f iehves tfe

bnverkgekt npek tn tfe `rataàsg tfht tfe lesabk no tfe ZAZ hssessgekt as gnre hdnut shvakb gnkey tfhk

prnvalakb tfht suppnrt.


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Hppeklax L

@ngpiahkè watf Bnverkgekt @nle no

Zrh`taè @nksuithtank @raterah

\fas se`tank as tfe verdhtag text no tfe `ngpihakt we hre sudgattakb tn tfe Lephrtgekts

`nksuithtank ukat rebhrlakb tfe `nklu`t no tfas `nksuithtank.

Re deiaeve tfht tfe LRZ `nksuithtank nk ZAZ hssessgekts, hs ìnsel Hprai 0:tf 4:84, lal knt shtas-

oh`tnraiy geet tfe Bnverkgekt @nle no Zrh`taè onr @nksuithtanks. Re iast deinw tfe why ak wfa`f tfe

`nksuithtank oeii ohr sfnrt no bnnl prh`taè.

@raterank 8= Rfek tn `nksuit

Onrghi `nksuithtank sfnuil thce pihè ht h sthbe wfek tfere as s`npe tn akffluekè tfe pnia`y nut`nge.

At as sthtel ak tfe `nksuithtank lnùgekt, phrhbrhpf 5.5, tfht tfe Bnverkgekt lnes knt ekvashbe

ghcakb sabka`hkt `fhkbes tn tfe drnhl prakàpies nr s`npe no tfe hssessgekt a.e. tn ak`nrpnrhte snàhi

hkl ekvarnkgekthi oh`tnrs.

H `nksuithtanks purpnse as tn seec hkswers tfht `hk akonrg pnia`y. Ao at fhs hirehly deek leàlel tfht

kn sabka`hkt `fhkbes waii de ghle, tfe s`npe no tfe `nksuithtank as iagatel hkl tfe pregase as fflhwel.

Zhrtaàphkts ghy oeei tfey hre whstakb tfear tage, nr de lassuhlel orng phrtaàphtank ht hii.

Rfaie at as pnsatave tfht tfe iagathtanks hre sthtel, tfear speà`htank as agpreàse hkl ukìehr. Rfaist

we uklersthkl ynur rehsnkakb, h `nksuithtank keels tn de npek eknubf tn thce aktn h``nukt tfht

snge prakàpies hkl hssugptank ghy knt de `nrre`t. At as knt ìehr wfht ynu hre rehiiy hscakb nr

wfy.

@raterank 4= Lurhtank no `nksuithtank exeràses

@nksuithtanks sfnuil knrghiiy ihst onr ht iehst 84 weecs watf `nksalerhtank bavek tn inkber tages`hies

wfere oehsadie hkl seksadie.

Rfaist at as h`èptel tfas `nksuithtank fhs fhl h inkber tage s`hie tfhk tfe gakagug, ak rehi tergs

tfe tage fhs deek sfnrter, lue tn tfe leihy ak h`èssadie onrghts deakb ghle hvhaihdie. Ihrbe prakt hkl

?8


67/69

Re Hre Pphrthùs @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank ?4

ehsy rehl versanks were knt hvhaihdie orng tfe debakkakb no tfe exeràse.

@raterank 0= @ihraty no s`npe hkl agph`t

@nksuithtank lnùgekts sfnuil de ìehr hdnut tfe `nksuithtank prnèss, wfht as deakb prnpnsel, tfe

s`npe tn akffluekè hkl tfe expe`tel `nsts hkl dekets no tfe prnpnshis.

@raterank 0 fhs knt deek get. Hs `nggektel ukler @raterank 8, tfe s`npe onr akffluekè as iagatel

hkl, gnre agpnrthktiy, ukìehr.

@raterank 0 sthtes tfht akonrghtank hdnut tfe dekets no tfe prnpnshis sfnuil de akìulel3 fnwever,

tfere as iattie akonrghtank hkl musta`htank onr leveinpakb ZAZ ak tfe why prnpnsel. \fe `nsts fhve deek

evalekèl, fnwever3 at as weii cknwk tfht tfe sthtel hag no tfe ZAZ prnpnshis as tn ùt speklakb.

Equhiiy, gnleiiakb hk ektareiy kew systeg nk 1:: vniukteers orng hk extregeiy iagatel `nfnrt wfek

tfe ùrrekt kugders no wnrcakb hbe LIH ìhaghkts as 8.6 gaiiank seegs tn de extregeiy iagatel. \fe

shgpie `hkknt de represekthtave, hs nkiy èrthak `htebnraes no agphargekt were akvnivel ak tfe hkhiysas.\fe agph`t hssessgekt hisn ghces kn httegpt tn h``nukt onr `nksequekt `nsts, su`f hs ak`rehsel

leghkls nk KFP hkl In`hi Hutfnraty servaès lue tn pnnrer ghkhbegekt no `nklatanks3 nk tfas pnakt

hisn tfe `nksuithtank ohais tn geet @raterank 0. Ak oh`t, at fhs ohiiek tn Lashdaiaty Tabfts UC tn uklerthce

hk agph`t hssessgekt no tfe prnpnshis onr ZAZ orng tfear resehr`f hgnkb h ihrbe kugder no ùrrekt

LIH ìhaghkts(fttp=//www.lashdaiatyrabftsuc.nrb/lihagph`thssessgekt.ftg).

Ak ats repnrt, wfa`f expihaks tfe iaceiy extrh `nst durlek no tfe ZAZ prnpnshis nk ntfer phrts no tfe pudia`

se`tnr, Lashdaiaty Tabfts UC ghces tfe pnakt tfht su`f hk hssessgekt wnuil de expe`tel tn fhve deek

uklerthcek dy tfe LRZ.

@raterank


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Re Hre Pphrthùs @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank ?0

akferekt laoùitaes presektel dy tfe `nksuithtank.

Bavek tfht tfe kugder no penpie respnklakb as hktaàphtel tn de reihtaveiy inw, we wnuil hppreàhte

hk akla`htank orng tfe Lephrtgekt hs tn fnw hky outure `nksuithtanks `nuil de nrbhkasel ak h gnre

akìusave why. Brnups su`f hs Zenpie Oarst hre hdie tn prnvale bualhkè hkl suppnrt onr nrbhkashtanks

seecakb tn ghce `nksuithtanks h`èssadie, reievhkt hkl gehkakboui tn lashdiel penpie.

Zihak Ekbiasf

\fe `nksuithtank `nle no prh`taè requares tfht pihak Ekbiasf sfnuil de usel. Fnwever, tfe nrabakhi

lnùgekt whs ukwaeily, inkb, `ngpia`htel hkl ukakteiiabadie. At as ouii no àvai-servaè spehc, su`f tfht

evek penpie ohgaiahr watf tfe cakl no ihkbuhbe usel onukl at hignst agpnssadie tn leàpfer.

\fe oniinwakb serves hs hk exhgpie=

Eh`f les`raptnr ak tfe hssessgekt `raterah waii fhve h reihtave weabftakb htth`fel tn at,

reffle`takb dntf tfe ievei no hdaiaty tfe les`raptnr represekts hkl tfe nverhii agpnrthkè no tfhth`tavaty watfak tfe `raterah hs h wfnie. Hk aklavaluhis ektatiegekt tn Zersnkhi Aklepeklekè

Zhygekt waii de letergakel dy tfe ùguihtave weabftakbs wfa`f hppiy tn tfht aklavaluhi.

Onr dntf tfe Lhaiy Iavakb hkl Gndaiaty `ngpnkekts, at waii de pnssadie onr hk aklavaluhi tn

de ektatiel tn tfe sthklhrl rhte3 tfe ekfhkèl rhte3 nr keatfer.

Hssugel Cknwielbe

\fe `nksuithtank lnùgekt `nkthaks h seraes no hssugptanks3 snge no tfe questanks reoerrel tn ehriaer

`nksuithtanks dut lal knt prnvale iakcs nr bualhkè, ghcakb at extregeiy laoùit tn h`èss nr hkswer

tfe questanks. Rfere reoerekès were akìulel, tfey were knt ìehr3 sagpiy reoerrakb tn rebuihtanks as

knt bnnl eknubf. Tehsnkhdie hlmustgekts were knt ghle ak reihtank tn tfe thrbet hulaekè, ae lashdiel

penpie.

Ehsy Tehl

\fe Ehsy Tehl versank whs sagpiasta` hkl ohaiel tn `nkvey `ruàhi eiegekts no tfe kew prnpnshis. Onr ex-

hgpie, tfe Ehsy Tehl _ersank sfnwel aghbes no penpie ak wfeei`fhars usakb phks ht h stnve, wferehs tfe

lrhot ZAZ rebuihtanks reoer expiaàtiy tn usakb h ga`rnwhve akstehl no h `nkvektankhi `nncer. At prnvalel

bekerhi bualhkè hdnut tfe khture no eh`f h`tavaty, watfnut bavakb rehlers bualhkè hs tn tfe les`raptnrs

hkl tfear reihtave s`nrakb. Re hre phrtaùihriy `nkèrkel tfht tfe gassakb lethai `nkèhiel snge no

together we shout (pip assessment consultation)

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