Writing Process

Tutorial TaskSource for information related to What a writer needs to know (prerequisites to writing). Compile your information into the following categories:ConventionsThinking SkillsOrganisational SkillsValue SystemsMechanics The Writing Process

Conventions

Courtesy to the reader, making writing easier to read by putting it in a form that the reader expects and is comfortable with.surface features of writing mechanics, usage, and sentence formationspelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar

Thinking Skills

enable writer to create new knowledge rather that simply reporting on what already exists.aware of assumptions and generalizations that have been made about the topic in the past.heightened awareness of fallacies, missing information and contradictions.Questioning, researching, analyzing, assessingOrganizational Skills

the structural framework for that writingprovides readers with a framework to help them fulfil their expectations for the text.logical progression and completeness of ideas in a text.a. The chronological order of the dates of the events, orb. The relative importance of the events.

Value SystemValues are our ideas about how things should be, i.e. the ideals we hope to strive for. Values can be divided into desirable life goals (e.g. happiness or success) and guiding principles (e.g. hard working or honesty). Values could also be ranked in importance from morally crucial, like honesty and freedom and justice, to slight non-moral preferences, like a kind of music or style of dress we prefer.Important of Value System:As a guidanceAs motivation and inspirations, energyConstruct moralityChange ones morality and value through emotional and rational development.Philosophy of lifeMechanicsMechanicsis the term we use to describe the technical aspects of writing, such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc.CapitalizationContractionsGerunds and ParticiplesNumber and NumeralsPronounsTechnical Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Units of MeasurementPunctuationWhat to capitalize:Proper NounsLetters of many Abbreviations and AcronymsFirst Letter of the first wordHow to do contractions are:Never use to emphasize negativeNever create your own contractionsAvoid adding s for is or has-confused with possessive constructions.Make sure antecedent is clearTo use gerunds and participles sure it is not ambiguous. A participle based on a verb end with ing or -ed and functions as an adjective. Gerund- based on a verb and end with ing but used as nounNumber and NumeralsTo count cardinal numbersSequence ordinal numbersPronouns:Avoid indefinite pronouns especially at the beginning. (it = this)Technical Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Units of Measurement.No Latin abbreviations (etc.)Write name before abbreviationsNo acronyms and abbreviation in plural form if trade marksStandard abbreviations for units of measurement.Punctuation.ApostropheBracketsColonCommaDash (Em Dash) (En Dash)Ellipsis PointExclamation PointHyphenParenthesesPeriodQuatation MarksSemi ColonSlashWriting ProcessNeed to understand the important of writing process = to integrate their knowledge and ideas into their essays and organised essays.Create reflective, clear and coherent text.Elements:PlanningOrganizingWritingEditing and RevisingPlanning

refers to the use of a deliberate and organized approach includes a writers first thoughts or basic ideas about the topic. To avoid students who struggle with writing which generally do not plan ahead; rather, they compose their text as they write. During the planning process, students should ask themselves who their readers will be and what the essays purpose is. Planning ahead helps students to form more complete thoughts and to produce more cohesive essays.

Organizing

Once students have formulated their writing plans, it is time to organize their thoughts. During this step of the writing process, students will:Elaborate on the ideas that were generated for them during the planning processDetermine what information, if any, is still needed in order to fill in the gapsGather that informationArrange their ideas so that they flow together and make sense

WritingIn the initial writing stage, students will produce a rough draft .This initial writing phase requires students to coordinate ongoing cognitive demands, such as:Combining planned ideas with new thoughtsRemembering the purpose of the paperUsing appropriate grammar rulesConsidering the intended audience

Editing and RevisingStudents need to learn that writing is a process that requires them to apply editing marks as they revise their essays. The revising stage, however, may also require changes in content or organization.

EditingDuring the editing stages of the writing process, students will:Check their grammarCheck their spellingCheck their punctuationAsk whether their ideas are clearAsk whether their purpose has been met

Self-editing: When a student edits his or her own paper, he or she should read it aloud and listen to its flow and choice of words. He or she should also listen to hear whether any words have been left out.Peer-editing: By contrast, when a peer edits a paper, he or she may be able to more easily point out areas that are difficult to understand. Collaboration with a peer allows a student to gain additional insight through examining his or her own peer-edited paper, editing the peers paper, and sharing ideas and opinions.

RevisingRevising allows the writer to consider the content, quality, and clarity of his or her composition. When students revise their work, they should look at the editing suggestions made by their teachers and peers, and that they themselves arrived at during self-editing, to determine how the edits and comments can help to improve their papers. For example, they might:Utilize comments and suggestionsRearrange the order of the textMake correctionsExpand ideasRewrite their papers