use of material for developing ships

7/31/2019 Use of Material for Developing Ships

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USE OF MATERIAL FOR DEVELOPING SHIPS

Presented To

TRANSTECH 2007

Presented BY

Cdt. Naseem Ahmad Cdt. Md. Shah Fahad 2004 38 RL 103 2004 38 RL 107

R L Institute Of Nautical R L Institute of Nautical Sciences Madurai 22 Sciences Madurai - 22


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Knowledge about material is a key concernto the transportation industry

Advances in materials processing and

synthesis is needed in order to meet therequirements of future transportation Extensive Research has been carried out in

the areas of both material and technologies We shall focus on some important

parameters in material selection and a fewmodern materials


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Need for material development One of the oldest, most economical and efficient way of

transportation across the globe is shipping

Development of industrialization depends largely on

shipping for transportation of commodities The ever increasing demand of commodities, led to a

major boost up of the shipping sector in the last decade

and so

Development of shipping laid the foundation for the

development of materials


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Factors affecting materialselection

Strength

Weldability

Toughness Corrosion

Formability

Availability

Affordability


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Material: Tungsten

Characteristics : Steel white to grey in color

Hard Corrosion Resistant

Ductile

High Melting Point

Expensive

Table of Properties


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Material: Tungsten

Uses: Turbine blades and wear resistant parts

and coatings. Machine tools

Heating elements

Paints

Table of Properties


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Material: TitaniumDubbed as the material of futureCharacteristics:

Corrosion Resistant to sea water Erosion Resistant High strength-to-weight ratio

Strong metal with low density when pure Ductile Lustrous Table of Properties1

Table of Properties 2


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Material: Titanium

Uses: Pyrotechnics Exhaust duct and hydraulic

systems. Rotors & compressor blades Propeller shafts Heat exchangers of desalination

plants

Shipboard application


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Demerits:

Posses a significant fire hazard An explosive hazard when heated in

air Easily catch fire when a fresh, non-

oxidized surface gets in contact withliquid oxygen

Material: Titanium


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Material: Carbon Fibre

Most recent development in the field ofmaterials

Made of carbon fibres embedded in resin Very light, strong and durable Fastly becoming one of the most popular

materials More flexible properties, can be very easily

customized Directional Properties can be imparted


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Characteristics: High strength to weight ratio (carbon fibre

has a tensile strength almost 3 timesgreater than that of steel, yet is 4.5 timesless dense)

Resistance to corrosion Fire and high stress tolerance levels

Chemically inert Comparison Table


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Uses: Hull of yacht s , fishing vessels,

passenger vessels, cargo vessels and

lifeboats

In superstructures and secondarystructures of ships


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Weight reduction due to the use of carbon fibre (GRP &

CRP) instead of Aluminium and Steel for shipssuperstructure construction

Feature of ships

Material: Carbon fibre


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Cryogenic Materials

Characteristics: High strength to weight ratio Low thermal conductivity

Low specific heat Ease of orthotropic fabrication Corrosion resistance

Durability Fatigue resistance Self-lubricating property of some

materials


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Cryogenic Materials

Hazards Associated: Physiological Hazards

Material and Construction Hazards

Flammability and Explosion Hazards

High Pressure Gas Hazards


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Cryogenic Materials

Uses:

In Cargo tanks for Liquefied Natural Gas

(LNG)

Reefer containers

Air Conditioners


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Cryogenic Materials

Demerits: Serious burns to the skin result when on direct contact

with a cryogen

Permanent damage to eyes when they come in contactwith liquid cryogen Liquid cryogens warmed above their critical temperature

will generate high pressures that can cause a confinedvessel to rupture or even explode

Cryogens have potential for creating oxygen deficiencybecause they have large liquid to gas expansion ratio(700: 1)


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Material: Moissanite

Characteristics: High sublimation temperature

Chemically inert High thermal conductivity Strong coupling to microwave radiation which

together with its high melting point permitspractical use in heating and casting metals

Table of Properties


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Uses: Metallic heaters

Bearings Boiler & Incinerator furnace

Various electronic components like

MOSFETs, transistors, thyristors anddiodes


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A Word on Technology

Computationally designed materials andprocessing

Unique nanophase materials systems for new

applications Smart materials and systems based on shape

memory alloys, ferroelectrics, and ferromagnetsadaptive for mechanical and electrical applications

Wide band-gap semiconductors, materials formicroelectronics, photonics and RF andmicrowave applications


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In the end..

Steel is still the most widely used material Significant interest in aluminum, titanium,

stainless steel and composites

Aggressive exploration of new materials andtechnologies

We tried to focus on some featuresdetermining material selection and a fewmodern materials and their advantages inthis presentation


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Material: TungstenGeneral

Name, Symbol,Number

tungsten, W, 74

Chemical series transition metals

Group, Period,Block 6, 6, d

Appearance grayish white,lustrous

Standard atomicweight

183.84(1) gmol 1

Electronconfiguration

[Xe] 4f 14 5d 4 6s2

Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2

Return


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Material: Tungsten

Physical properties

Phase Solid

Density (near r.t.) 19.25 gcm 3

Liquid density at

m.p.

17.6 gcm 3

Melting point 3695 K(3422 C, 6192 F)

Boiling point 5828K(5555 C, 10031 F)

Heat of fusion 52.31 kJmol 1

Heat of Vaporization

806.7 kJmol 1

Heat capacity (25 C) 24.27Jmol 1K1

Miscellaneous

Electrical resistivity (20 C) 52.8 nm

Thermal conductivity (300K) 173Wm 1 K1

Thermal expansion (25 C) 4.5mm 1 K1

Speed of sound (thinrod)

(r.t.) (annealed)4620 ms 1

Young's modulus 411 GPa

Shear modulus 161 GPa

Bulk modulus 310 GPa

Poisson ratio 0.28 Mohs hardness 7.5

Vickers hardness 3430 MPa

Brinell hardness 2570 MPa

CAS registry number 7440-33-7

Return


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Material: TitaniumGeneral

Name, symbol,number

titanium, Ti, 22

Chemical series transition metals

Group, period,block

4, 4, d

Appearance silvery metallic

Standard atomic

weight

47.867(1)gmol 1

Electronconfiguration

[ Ar ] 3d 2 4s2

Electrons per shell 2, 8, 10, 2

Return


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Material: Titanium

Physical properties

Phase solid

Density (near r.t. ) 4.506 gcm 3

Liquid density at m.p. 4.11 gcm 3

Melting point 1941 K(1668 C, 3034 F)

Boiling point 3560 K(3287 C, 5949 F)

Heat of fusion 14.15 kJmol 1

Heat of vaporization 425 kJmol 1 Heat capacity (25 C) 25.060

Jmol 1 K1

Miscellaneous

Magnetic ordering paramagnetic

Electrical resistivity (20 C) 0.420 m

Thermal conductivity (300 K)21.9 Wm 1 K1

Thermal expansion (25 C) 8.6mm 1 K1

Speed of sound (thinrod)

(r.t.) 5090 ms 1

Young's modulus 116 GPa

Shear modulus 44 GPa

Bulk modulus 110 GPa Poisson ratio 0.32

Mohs hardness 6.0

Vickers hardness 970 MPa

Brinell hardness 716 MPa

CAS registry number 7440-32-6 Return


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Material: TitaniumShipboard Application

Ship Service Turbine Generator

Distillation Unit Condensers & heaters (S/T)

Lube Oil Coolers

De-Salination Units (S/T)

Firemain Systems - Piping & Fittings

Fire PumpsService Water Piping

Air Conditioning Condenser (S/T)

HVAC - Air Ventilation Ducting

Distillation unit - Brine Heater

Brine Pre-Heater (P/F) and (S/T)

Engine Jacket CoolersLow Pressure Air Compressor Cooler

Exhaust Uptakes Liners

Oil Waste Systems *

Deck Drainage Systems Urinal Drain Piping

Bilges *

Seawater Compensated Fuel Oil Systems *Stanchions *Return


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Comparison of carbon fibre and other materials


Material YoungsMod

E (GN.m -2)

Density (g.cm -3)

Spec.Stiffness

E/

E/

Steel 210 7.8 26.9 5.2Titanium 120 4.5 26.7 5.2

Aluminium 73 2.8 26.0 5.1

HighStrength

CFRP

138 1.6 86 9.3

Return

l b b


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A 24 meter, Swedish troop carrying vessel

Objective: Transform the aluminium troop vessel into a sandwichmaterial passenger ship

An 88 meter, high speed catamaran

Objective: Exchange this wholly aluminium construction into analuminium construction with a sandwich superstructure

A 199 meter, ro-ro vessel

Objective: Switch the two upper steel decks into aluminiumconstructions

A 188 meter, ro-pax vessel

Objective: Exchange the steel superstructure construction to a

sandwich material


Return


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Identifiers

CAS number 409-21-2

Properties

Molecular formula SiC

Molar mass 40.097 g/mol

Appearance black-green odorlesspowder

Density 3.22 g/cm, solidMelting point 2730 C

Solubility in water insoluble


use of material for developing ships

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