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致用英语致用英语综合教程综合教程致用英语致用英语综合教程综合教程

外语教学与研究出版社

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Unit 4 Help and Responsibility

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What can you do when you are in danger?

What do you know about “Distress Signal”?

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Watch the video clip and discuss with your classmates what else you can do to send out a distress signal?

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1. Gelert was the dog of the Prince of . A. Scotland B. England C. Ireland D. Wales

2. The Prince told his dog to when he was going out. A. watch the door B. take care of the baby at home C. welcome his friends D. stop strangers

3. was left to look after the Prince’s baby son. A. His wife B. Gelert C. A maid D. A nurse

4. The dog was very when his master came back from hunting. A. glad B. fearful C. afraid D. tired

5. The Prince was surprised to see blood on Gelert’s . A. jaws B. paws C. head D. both A and C

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Scripts: More than seven hundred years ago, the Prince of Wales had a very big and brave dog, Gelert. One day the Prince wanted to go hunting with his men. He told his dog to stay at home and look after his baby son. The baby was in a wooden cradle, which is like a small bed. When the Prince came back from hunting, Gelert ran out to meet his master. He wagged his tail and jumped up to put his paws on the Prince’s chest. Then the Prince saw blood on Gelert’s jaws and head. “What have you done?” said the Prince. He rushed into his home and looked for his baby son. The cradle was lying on its side on the floor. The clothes were torn and there was blood on them. “So you have killed my son!” the Prince said angrily. “You unfaithful dog.” He took out his sword and killed the dog. Just as Gelert was dying, he managed to bark for a moment. Then the Prince heard a baby call to the dog. The Prince ran out of the house, and saw his son lying on the ground unhurt. Near him was a dead wolf. Then the Prince knew that Gelert had defended the baby and killed the wolf.

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Scripts:

The Prince ran back into the house but he was too late. Gelert was dead. The Prince was very sad indeed. Tears ran down his face when he realised he had killed his faithful friend. The Prince carried the body of his brave dog to the top of a mountain and buried him there. After this, the Prince never smiled again. Every morning at dawn, he walked up the mountain and stood by the dog’s grave for a few minutes. If you go to Mount-Snowdon in Wales, people will show you where Gelert is buried. There is a sign by his grave. It reminds people of a brave and faithful dog.

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Task 1 Pre-reading TasksTask 1 Pre-reading Tasks

Task 2 Reading ComprehensionTask 2 Reading Comprehension

Task 3 After-reading ActivitiesTask 3 After-reading Activities

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a. If you find your friends are in danger, what will you do? Do you wait hopelessly for somebody else to help your friends, or just act responsibly to save them? Discuss with your group members and state your own reasons.

b. You are going to read a passage entitled “How to be somebody?” What do you think the title means? What do you think the passage is probably about?

a. If you find your friends are in danger, what will you do? Do you wait hopelessly for somebody else to help your friends, or just act responsibly to save them? Discuss with your group members and state your own reasons.

b. You are going to read a passage entitled “How to be somebody?” What do you think the title means? What do you think the passage is probably about?

Pre-reading Tasks

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How to be Somebody Three brothers had a fun evening together. One of them put a couple of pieces of wood on the fire in the stove before they went to bed. A couple of hours later, the fire was out of control. In their sleepy state the brothers didn’t know what to do. One panicked and jumped out a second-story window. Another, with amazing calmness, found his way to a door and got out OK. Later, the firefighters discovered the third boy by a bedroom window. He had died of smoke inhalation. “Didn’t anyone try to get him out?” And the same answer was given, again and again. “We thought somebody else went in to help him!”

Para.1-3

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An unknown author wrote a clever and brief story about this sort of thinking: “This is the story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody. There was an important job to be done, and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done.”

Para.4-5


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Do you rely upon a mysterious “they” you refer to as Somebody Else? It’s amazing how most of us rely on this unidentifiable person on a regular basis. We say, “I’m sorry I left the house open, but I figured Somebody Else would lock up.” Nobody else did. Each of us is responsible for our own actions. We are also responsible for those times we do nothing in the face of needs. John F. Kennedy said, “Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.” This is the philosophy that breaks the Somebody Else dependency. Ask, “What can I do for that person who can use my help?”

Para.6-7


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Once I responded to the plea of a sick girl who had a deep desire to go to Hawaii. When I made sixty phone calls on her behalf, thirty-eight people responded with various amounts of money. Within a week I was staring in amazement at checks totaling one thousand dollars. It was a miracle. What I didn’t know at the time I helped this young girl was that she would die one year after her dream trip. Many Somebody Elses helped me, to be sure. But someone had to make those calls and take care of the details. After that experience, it has been easier to rely on myself rather than those mysterious “theys” who are all around me.

Para.8-9


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Most of you wish to be in control of your life more than you are. Releasing your dependence on other people is a great way to gain more control and to feel better about yourself. You are Somebody. You have certain talents and gifts. You can do certain things that not just Anybody can do. Nobody can put you down or discourage you unless you let him/her. So is Somebody Else really so important after all?

Para. 10-11


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After-reading Activities

DiscussionHow do you understand the last

paragraph of the text? What do you think of yourself?

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Task 1 Grammar DevelopmentTask 1 Grammar Development

Task 2 Vocabulary BuildingTask 2 Vocabulary Building

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Indirect questions are more polite than direct questions. When we ask indirect questions, we can begin the question with “Could you tell me...” , “I wonder...”, “Do you know...”, etc. For example:Could you tell me where I can buy some drinks?I wonder if I could use your telephone.Do you know if there’s a post office around here?

Indirect questions are more polite than direct questions. When we ask indirect questions, we can begin the question with “Could you tell me...” , “I wonder...”, “Do you know...”, etc. For example:Could you tell me where I can buy some drinks?I wonder if I could use your telephone.Do you know if there’s a post office around here?

Task 1 Grammar Development：Indirect questions

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Grammar tips

间接询问（ Indirect questions）比直接询问（ Direct questions）更加礼貌、委婉。注意，间接询问的语序同陈述句，中间不用助动词。例如：I wonder how long the journey takes.Do you know what time the train leaves?

间接询问（ Indirect questions）比直接询问（ Direct questions）更加礼貌、委婉。注意，间接询问的语序同陈述句，中间不用助动词。例如：I wonder how long the journey takes.Do you know what time the train leaves?

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A, In pairs, practise the sentences below. Use the expressions in the brackets to ask indirect questions.

1. When was the city founded? (Could you tell me…? )

2. What’s the population of the city? (Do you know…? )

3. Where can I change some money? (I’d like to know… )

4. What’s the exchange rate today? (Do you happen to know…? )

5. How long does it take to get to the Forbidden City from here? (Can you tell me…? )

6. What is the weather like here in autumn? (I wonder… )

7. Where can I buy some souvenirs? (Have you any idea…? )

8. What is the bus fare in the city? (Do you remember…? )


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B. Listen to the recording, and check your answers.


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1. Could you tell me when the city was founded?2. Do you know what the population of the city is?3. I’d like to know where I can change some money.4. Do you happen to know what the exchange rate is today?5.Can you tell me how long it takes to get to the Forbidden City from here?6. I wonder what the weather is like here in autumn.7. Have you any idea where I can buy some souvenirs?8. Do you remember what the bus fare is in the city?

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Task 2 Vocabulary Building: The suffix “-able” to form adjectives

The suffix “-able” is often added to transitive verbs to form adjectives with the meaning of “able to be”, or “worthy of”. For example:identifiable—that can be identifiedwashable—that can be washedreadable—interesting or easy to read

The suffix “-able” is often added to transitive verbs to form adjectives with the meaning of “able to be”, or “worthy of”. For example:identifiable—that can be identifiedwashable—that can be washedreadable—interesting or easy to read

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A. Many English adjectives are formed by adding suffixes. There are some words in Column A. Select a suitable suffix in Column B to form a new adjective in Column C.A. Many English adjectives are formed by adding suffixes. There are some words in Column A. Select a suitable suffix in Column B to form a new adjective in Column C.


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1. The statistics are highly ___________ . (question)2. He lived in a quiet, _________ street. (suburb)3. The house is not really _________ for a large family.

(suit)4. In some cultures it is _________ for the bride to wear

white. (custom)5. It was very ___________ of you to let us know you

were going to be late. (consider)

B. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the words in the brackets.B. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the words in the brackets.


considerate

questionablequestionablesuburbansuburban

suitablesuitable

customarycustomary

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6. He was employed in a purely _________ role. (advise)7. He was _________ enough to obtain a research

studentship at Stanford. (fortune)8. They are from Canada. They are _________ people.

(Canada)9. Mary is really a(n) _________ girl to work with. (please)10. The city is very_________ from the past. (differ)

B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the brackets.B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the brackets.


different

advisoryadvisoryfortunatefortunate

CanadianCanadian

pleasantpleasant

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Find someone who once helped in…

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List some situations in which people need help. Write them down on a piece of paper. The first five are given to you as examples below.

Compare what you have listed with your classmates. Select 10 items that you think are appropriate. Interview your classmates and find someone who once helped in the situations listed. You may use expressions like “Did you once give help in a very bad accident?” when interviewing.

Report the result of your finding to the whole class.

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Find someone who once helped in the following situations:

1) A very bad car accident.2) Someone is being attacked in the street.3) A child is alone and crying in the street.4) Someone has a heart attack on the bus.5) Someone is going to jump out of a window.

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Why don’t we ask for help?

Asking for help is so frightening that, even when faced with great danger, some of us will still not ask for a helping hand. To overcome this dread, you’ve got to debunk some common cultural myths—and face your fears.

Asking for help is so frightening that, even when faced with great danger, some of us will still not ask for a helping hand. To overcome this dread, you’ve got to debunk some common cultural myths—and face your fears.

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Myth Reality

Asking for help makes you look weak or needy.

There’s no shame in turning to others in times of need. In fact, it’s a sign of strength.

Asking for help signals incompetence—especially at work.

Seeking help at work shows others that you want to do the job right—and to develop and learn.

Asking for help can harm relationships.

Healthy relationships are about give-and-take —not just give.

Asking for help puts others in an awkward position.

It’s human nature to offer help when you see someone in need—and it’s no different when others see you in need.

Asking for help might lead to rejection.

Even a “no” response offers the opportunity to learn more about yourself—and your relationships.

Asking for help means you’ll have to return the favour.

Help freely given comes with no strings attached—other than a simple and sincere thank-you.

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Learning new vocabulary is not an easy thing. What techniques do you use to record new words? Do you write it down:in a special vocabulary book?in a multi-purpose notebook?on cards?in alphabetical order?with a variety of coloured pens?Does your way of recording words help you to learn them? Exchange ideas with your classmates.

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外语教学与研究出版社

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