WORK STUDY-WORK STUDY-METHOD,TIME STUDYMETHOD,TIME STUDY

Hareesh.MHareesh.M

I.D.NO:2014600120I.D.NO:2014600120

Work Study Work study is an area of knowledge that addresses the problem of

work simplification with the basic objectives of PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY

ENHANCEMENT, HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETYENHANCEMENT, HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETY

Method StudySystematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective methods and reducing cost

The main purpose of method study is to eliminate the unnecessary operations and to achieve the best method of performing the operation

Method Study ( Steps) Select job/process to be examined & observe current

performance • high process cost, bottlenecks, tortuous route, low

productivity, erratic quality Record & document facts

• activities performed• operators involved - how etc• equipment and tools used• materials processed or moved

Apply critical examination - challenge job components & necessity (purpose, place, sequence, method).

Develop alternative methods & present proposals Document as base for new work system Install, monitor (slippage) & maintain

Method Study (Objectives)Improvement in use of all inputsEconomy in human effort Layout improvementImprovement in design of plant and

machineryImprovement in safety standards and

procedures

Work measurement- IntroductionWork measurement (WM) is concerned with

investigating, reducing and eliminating ineffective time, whatever may be the cause.

WM is the means of measuring the time taken in the performance of an operation or series of operations in such a way that the ineffective time is shown up and can be separated out.

Purpose of WMTo reveal the nature and extent of ineffective time,

from whatever cause, So that action can be taken to eliminate it; and

then,To set standards of performance that are attainable

only if all avoidable ineffective time is eliminated and work is performed by the best method available.

Uses of WMTo compare the efficiency of alternative methods.

Other conditions being equal, the method which takes the least time will be the best method.

To balance the work of members of teams, in association with the multiple activity charts, so that, as far as possible, each member has tasks taking an equal time.

To determine, in association with man and machine multiple activity charts, the number of machines an worker can run.

Work Study (Benefits)Increased productivity and increased efficiencyReduced manufacturing costsImproved work place layoutBetter manpower planning and capacity planningImproved work flow Provides better job satisfaction to

employees

Work Measurement (Techniques)Stop – watch time studyWork samplingPredetermined times standardsStandard data

Time Study One of the most common types of work measurement is time

study

For example - PurposeAn international coffee shop chain may want to find out how

long a barista should take to make a specific coffee drink. Some of the stated condition may include using cold milk that needs to be steamed, rather than already steamed milk.

Time StudyObservations A qualified practitioner should observe the employee using a time

measurement device. The observer should also assess the quality of work

Observed Person The observed person in the time study must be fully trained in the

measured task

Time StudiesTime Studies1.1. Define the task to be studiedDefine the task to be studied

2.2. Divide the task into precise elementsDivide the task into precise elements

3.3. Decide how many times to measure the Decide how many times to measure the tasktask

4.4. Time and record element times and Time and record element times and rating of performancerating of performance

Time StudiesTime Studies

5.5. Compute average observed timeCompute average observed time

Average Average observed timeobserved time

Sum of the times recorded to perform Sum of the times recorded to perform each elementeach element

Number of observationsNumber of observations==

6.6. Determine performance rating and Determine performance rating and normal timenormal time

Normal time = Normal time =

Average observed Average observed time Xtime X Performance rating Performance rating

factorfactor

7.7. Add the normal times for each element Add the normal times for each element to develop the total normal time for the to develop the total normal time for the tasktask

8.8. Compute the standard timeCompute the standard time Standard time= total normal time/1-

allowance factor

Time Study Example Time Study Example

Average observed time = 4.0 minutesAverage observed time = 4.0 minutesWorker rating = 85%Worker rating = 85%Allowance factor = 13%Allowance factor = 13%

Normal time = (Average observed time) x (Rating factor)Normal time = (Average observed time) x (Rating factor)

= (4.0)(.85)= (4.0)(.85)

= 3.4 minutes= 3.4 minutes

Standard time = = =Standard time = = =Normal timeNormal time

1 - Allowance factor1 - Allowance factor3.43.4

1 - .131 - .133.43.4.87.87

= 3.9 minutes= 3.9 minutes

Time Study Example -1Time Study Example -1Allowance factor = 15%Allowance factor = 15%

PerformancePerformanceJob ElementJob Element 11 22 33 44 55 RatingRating

(A)(A) Compose and type letterCompose and type letter 88 1010 9 9 21*21* 1111120%120%

(B)(B) Type envelope addressType envelope address 22 33 2 2 1 1 33105%105%

(C)(C) Stuff, stamp, seal, andStuff, stamp, seal, and 22 11 5*5* 2 2 11110%110%

sort envelopes sort envelopes

Cycle Observed (in minutes)Cycle Observed (in minutes)

1.1. Delete unusual or nonrecurring observations (marked with *)Delete unusual or nonrecurring observations (marked with *)2.2. Compute average times for each elementCompute average times for each element

Average time for A = (8 + 10 + 9 + 11)/4 = 9.5 minutesAverage time for A = (8 + 10 + 9 + 11)/4 = 9.5 minutesAverage time for B = (2 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 3)/5 = 2.2 minutesAverage time for B = (2 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 3)/5 = 2.2 minutesAverage time for C = (2 + 1 + 2 + 1)/4 = 1.5 minutesAverage time for C = (2 + 1 + 2 + 1)/4 = 1.5 minutes

Time Study Example -2Time Study Example -2

3.3. Compute the normal time for each elementCompute the normal time for each element

Normal time for A = (9.5)(1.2) = 11.4 minutesNormal time for A = (9.5)(1.2) = 11.4 minutesNormal time for B = (2.2)(1.05) = 2.31 minutesNormal time for B = (2.2)(1.05) = 2.31 minutesNormal time for C = (1.5)(1.10) = 1.65 minutesNormal time for C = (1.5)(1.10) = 1.65 minutes

Normal time = (Average observed time) x (Rating)Normal time = (Average observed time) x (Rating)

4.4. Add the normal times to find the total normal timeAdd the normal times to find the total normal time

Total normal time = 11.40 + 2.31 + 1.65 = 15.36 minutesTotal normal time = 11.40 + 2.31 + 1.65 = 15.36 minutes

Time Study Example S2Time Study Example S2

5.5. Compute the standard time for the jobCompute the standard time for the job

Standard time =Standard time =Total normal timeTotal normal time

1 - Allowance factor1 - Allowance factor

= = 18.07 minutes= = 18.07 minutes15.3615.361 - .151 - .15

Thank youThank you