World War IWorld War I

Objectives

Content: Differentiate between the long term and immediate causes of World War I.

Learning: List the 4 MAIN causes of World War I.

Underlying Causes of WWI

There were 4 MAIN causes of WWI.

1. Militarism

2. Alliances

3. Imperialism

4. Nationalism

MilitarismWhat is it?

– Building up armed forces to get ready for war

Why did it happen?– Need for security leads

to an arms race.

AlliancesWhat is it?

– Agreements or promises to defend and help another country

Why did it happen?– Concern about possible war.

Allied Powers Central Powers France United States Russia Belgium British Empire Serbia

Bulgaria Austro-Hungarian

Empire German Empire Ottoman Empire

The Alliances

Trick to Remember Alliances in WWI

FURBBS BAG of “O”’sFURBBS = AlliesBAG of “O”s = Central Powers

ImperialismWhat is it?

– Trying to build up an empire by physically and economically controlling other countries

Why did it happen?– Believed stronger countries own more

land.

NationalismWhat is it?

– Having pride in your country and being willing to defend it

Why did it happen?– People all thought their

country was the best and wanted to prove it!

Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI)

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand– Austria-Hungary controlled Serbia.– Serbia wanted independence.

Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI)

– Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria- Hungary

– He was assassinated in June 1914 by a Serbian nationalist while on an official visit to Bosnia.

Warm Up

Read through Document A: Woodrow Wilson’s Speech #1.

Answer Question #1 on Guiding Questions.

Objectives

Content: Create a WWI propaganda poster.

Learning: Explain 4 reasons the United States entered WWI.

U.S. Expansionism Spanish American

War ended the U.S. policy of Isolationism (1898)

• Result of Spanish American War = the U.S. emerges as a world power

U.S. Expansionism

WWI ended the U.S. policy of avoiding European conflicts (1914-1918)

• WWI = the U.S. emerges as a global superpower

American Neutrality Is Over Up to 1917, the US opposed war. Woodrow

Wilson was re-elected as President with the slogan:

“He kept us out of war!”

• But that was all about to change!

Reasons for America’s Involvement in WWI

4 REASONS

1.US inability to remain neutral

2.United States economic and political ties to Great Britain

Reasons for America’s Involvement in WWI

3. German submarine warfare: In 1915 they sank the Lusitania (1000 people died, 128 were Americans)

4. The Zimmerman Telegram

Zimmerman Telegram

The Zimmerman Telegram – was a secret message from Germany to Mexico that the British intercepted (January 1917).

• The message said that if Mexico helped Germany invade and defeat the US, than Germany would help them get back all the land they lost in the Mexican American War (1848)

• Americans were angry and wanted to go to war.

U.S. Entry into WWI

Read Document B: Woodrow Wilson’s Speech #2.

Answer remaining Guiding Questions.

America Enters the War April 6, 1917- President Wilson and Congress declare war! More than 2 million

Americans entered the

military to fight in

WWI.

http://www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm

HomefrontCivilians at home made sacrifices

to help with the war effort– War Gardens – personal fruit and

vegetable gardens so that more food could be sent to the troops

Homefront

– Bonds – loaning the government money to help pay for the war.

– Rationing – using less of what you want so that more materials can be used for the war or sent to the troops.

Propaganda helped encourage support for war effort.

Propaganda

Homefront continued

Women work in jobs traditionally held by men – leads to changing a role– Pushes women to get the right to vote– Most countries grant right to vote before

WWI is over. – When does the U.S. grant the right to

vote?

Objectives

Content: Defend why Wilson’s 14 Points were a good solution to WWI.

Learning: Describe the changes in warfare during WWI.

WWI Details1914-1918Actual fighting began in August

when Germany invaded Belgium (a neutral country)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/western_front/index_embed.shtml

Four main fighting fronts:– Western (Britain, France, and Germany)– Eastern (Austria-Hungary, Germany, and

Russia)– Balkan (Serbia, Ottoman Empire, and

Bulgaria)– Italian (Italy and Austria-Hungary)

New Weapons of WWI

Improved cannons and improved guns (machine guns)

New inventions and destructive weapons

•German “U-boats” (submarines)

•Tank•Poison Gas •Combat airplanes (end of war)

Machine Guns

WWI Gas Masks

WWI Tanks

WWI Planes

German U-boats

"unterseeboot", or undersea boat in English

Trench WarfareWWI introduces Trench Warfare

because of new weapons

                                                                        

The Allies Were Struggling Russian troops were not able to get the

supplies they needed. – Many were trying to fight with NO

bullets. – In 1917, the Russian people

overthrew their government with the Russian Revolution. It caused Russia to leave the war.

– Now all of Germany’s attention was on the Western Front.

The U.S. Enters the WarAllied forces desperately needed the

help, they were drained and starving.The Allies with U.S. help didn’t just

stop the German advance, but pushed them back to Germany.

November 11, 1918, Germany’s government is overthrown and the new leaders quickly agree to an armistice (an agreement to end the fighting)

http://www.realmilitaryvideos.com/wwi/newsreel-end-of-wwi-in-san-francisco/

The End of WWI

After the Armistice More than 9 Million soldiers lost their lives President Woodrow Wilson was seen as a

hero to all of Europe Wilsons peace proposal was called

“Fourteen Points”• Outlined new boundaries and nations in

Europe• Called for free trade, freedom of the seas

and an end to secret treaties

League of Nations Wilson’s final and biggest point was to

create the League of Nations, a peacekeeping organization.

Wilson’s peace terms were seen as to lenient on the losing nations.

The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The other countries in the Central Powers were dealt with in separate treaties.

The Treaty was signed in June 1919.

Treaty of Versailles

What did it mean for Germany?

The Treaty of Versailles:– Forced Germany to

accept full blame for the war

– Took away Germany’s colonies and armed forces

– Forced Germany to pay $33 billion in war reparations

What did it mean for the world?The Treaty of Versailles:Also divided up the empires of Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire.

Established the League of Nations

But not so fast…. The United States never

ratified (approved) the treaty or joined the League of Nations.

Many members of Congress did not want the US to join the League of Nations because they did not want more foreign commitments.

Did the Treaty of Versailles Work?

The Treaty failed to make Europe “safe for democracy”

Germany resented the treaty

It helped plant the seeds for WWII