In 1911, Major Brooke-Popham of the Air Battalion, Royal Engineers had successfully fitted a gun to his Bleriot monoplane – His superiors ordered it removed

In 1913, Major Issac Newton Lewis demonstrated firing of one of his Lewis machine guns from a Wright bi-plane. The U.S. Army Signal Corp rejected the idea.

In the years before the war…..

Germans invade Belgium and France

Upon being ordered across the English Channel to France, crews of these unarmed aircraft were instructed to use their planes to ram any Zeppelins they may encounter on the way

Machine guns make it into the air

Roland Garros first used deflector plates with this aircraft in March of 1915

In April of 1915 Garros crashed and the secret to his success was out

No guns

Another solution to aerial combat was mounting a gun so it fired upward at a 45 degree angle, so that bullets passed the area swept by the propeller blades

-appx. 1900 built, some equipped with a 37mm cannon for strafing

First interrupter gear installed on a Fokker M.5K *(became Fokker E series with appx. 266 E’s built)

It took the German Air Service about 6 months to figure out the value of this weapons system and begin to exploit it

Raymond Saulnier had developed a type of interrupter gear for French aircraft. The French authorities were unwilling to back continued research.

French aircraft had to make do with a machine gun mounted above the top wing.

-Appx. 400 built

-A reasonable match (one on one) with the Fokker E type.

Manfried von Richthofen ‘s first solo flight, ended in a crash

The Red Barron’s first kill in April of 1916 The Red Barron received the “Blue Max” in

Jan of 1917 The Red Barron Killed in April of 1918 at age

25 (80 victories)

The beginning of the Fokker Scourge A mediocre underpowered airplane (Fokker E) dominated the skies

because 1. synchronized machine gun firing through propeller allowed

pilot to aim airplane rather than the gun 2. Pilot officers, Max Immelman and Oswald Boelcke

developed maneuvers to take advantage of their Fokker E’s weapon

3. Immelman and Boelcke developed tactics, and organized German aircraft and pilots into hunting groups, rather than a number pilots acting as individual hunters (get the high position and attack out of the sun)

-better performer than the Fokker “E” types, and the Fokker “D” types to be introduced in June of 1916

-not well respected by German pilots as it appeared slender and frail

-larger stronger wing than the Nieuport 11

-most popular aircraft fighting aircraft of entire war because of its flying qualities and fighting ability

-Appx. 291 DII & III’s built

-meant to replace “E” models was only marginally better

-Fast climbing , tight turning aircraft but the drag of the three wing layout made it slow.

-RFC were not impressed and built only a few, quickly shifting to other models

-Germans were impressed with its turning ability and ordered Anthony Fokker to build a copy.

-Appx. 2000 DI thru DIII’s built

-First German fighter to carry a 2 gun armament without suffering loss of performance

-Red Barron scored majority of his victories in this aircraft

-Appx. 6000 built

-French built, designed around newly developed water cooled Hispano-Suiza 150hp V8 engine

-some equipped with an over wing gun in addition to the single fuselage mounted gun

-Appx. 2700 built

-British built, designed around newly developed water cooled Hispano-Suiza 150hp V8 engine

-standard armament was 1 fuselage mounted and 1 wing mounted machine gun

-S.E.5-a model had 200 hp

-Appx 8500 built

-2 machine guns and a 220 HP Hispano-Suiza motor, with 138mph speed

-tricky to handle at low speeds but strong and an excellent gun platform

-Appx 1000 built

--semi-monocoque plywood fuselage gave great strength

-stable gun platform, but not as fast as French and British contemporaries

-could dive at higher speeds without shedding its wings

-Development of the Nieuport 17, but with only 10 more HP, increased weight, and less endurance, they were not popular

-appx. 381 built

Developed to replace the Nieuport 17’s, and 24’

-appx. 297 built

-Had 60 more HP, and 10% faster, but was not a particularly good fighter

-Would have faded into obscurity except that it was the only fighter available when the A.E.F. entered the war in early 1918

-Thought to be the best German fighter of WW1 as it was capable of maintaining performance at high altitude

-appx. 1000 built

-so feared by allies that is was singled out for specific treatment (handed over to allies) in the armistice agreement

-some smuggled to Holland by Fokker to continue his aviation business

-Basically a Fokker triplane minus one wing

- Faster than the D7 but disliked by pilots only 59 built

-Appx. 400 built

-Fast and maneuverable, and a better overall fighter than many allied aircraft, but too late to do any good

To be continued 01-09-39