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Expanded Program onImmunization

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Expanded Program on

Immunization It started in 1976 Its a program which aim to improve

the survival rate of children andprotection ! immunization fromcommon childhood illnesses"

Polic! #tatement$ Immunization isthe asic right of the child andtherefore no child shall e deprivedof this right"

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Program %oals

&aintenance of at least 9'( full!immunized)*I+, coverage

&aintenance of Polio Eradication Elimination of &easles Elimination of &aternal and -eonatal

.etanus +ontrol of /iphtheria0 epatitis 2

infection0 .u erculosis &eningitisand 3ther disseminated forms of .2

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.arget 4ge %roup

4ll infants

4ll women of child earingage)1'5 9!rs" 3ld,

3ther age groups ma! edetermined for supplementalimmunization activities"

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EPI /iseases

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/iphtheria

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e! Points +or! acterium diphtheria" /iphtheria is spread from person to

person in air orne droplets

#!mptoms include$ sore throat0anorexia0 and slight fever +omplications include$ m!ocarditis0

neuritis

.reatment $ anti iotics and antitoxin Prevention: Immunization with DPT

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+linical *eatures

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&easles

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e! Points Is a highl! infectious disease cause ! virus #!mptoms include$ %eneralized rash 8 fever

8 cough or cor!za or con unctivitis +omplications include$ /iarrhea0 3titis

&edia0 Pneumonia0 Encephalitis0 /eath &anagement$ supportive treatment $

nutritional support0 3:#0 anti iotics for otitismedia and severe 4:I0 antip!retics0 ;itamin4

Prevention: Immunization with Measles

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+linical *eatures

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Pertussis

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e! Points ighl! contagious respirator! infection

caused ! Bordetella pertussis

#!mptoms include$ +ommon cold withrunn! nose0 water! e!es0 sneezing0mild cough5then cough graduall!worsens0 at the end of these urst the

child ta

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e! Points +omplications include$ Pneumonia

) acterial,0 seizures0 encephalopath!03titis &edia0 deh!dration 0 anorexia0death

&anagement$ #upportive0 anti iotics =er!throm!cin 0 vaccination of contacts

Prevention: Immunization with DPT

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+linical *eatures

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Poliom!elitis

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e! Points Is a crippling disease caused ! an!one of

the three related viruses0poliovirus t!pes10> or ?"

#!mptoms include$ Paral!tic Poliom!elitis)@accid paral!sis,= &ild s!mptoms and fever= *ollowed ! severe muscle pain and paral!sis

= #ome ma! not e a le to reathe ecauserespirator! muscles are paral!zed"= Aea

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+linical *eatures

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.etanus

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e! Points .he acteria is +lostridium .etani

which are universall! found in thesoil0 dust and animal feces which

ma! persist for months or !ears" #!mptoms include$ %eneralizedtetanus$ descending s!mptoms oftrismus )loc< aw,0 diCicult!

swallowing0 muscle rigidit!0spasms continue for ?5 wee

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-eonatal .etanus$ 1 st two)>, da!s of

new orn a ies5 normal and goodsuc da!s after irth = thea ! stop feeding0 odies ecome stiC

with muscle contraction and spasms0death follows in most cases"

Prevention:= Immunization of infants with /P.D

= Immunization of Aomen of :eproductive 4ge with .etanus .oxoid= +lean and safe deliver!

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+linical *eatures

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.u erculosis

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e! Points Is a disease caused ! the acterium

&!co acterium tu erculosis Person to person through the air

when a patient coughs or sneezes #!mptoms include$

= P.2 $ cough0 chest pain0 hemopt!sis

= .2 in children $ failure to thrive= Potts /isease$ swelling and pain of thespine

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+omplications include$ /e ilit!

and death if left untreated0 morerapid in persons with I;

&anagement$ 4nti5.2 drugs

Prevention: Immunization with

2+%= +an protect against .2 meningitis andother severe form of .2 in children

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epatitis 2

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e! Points Is caused ! virus that aCects the liver"

It is spread through unsafe in ectionpractices and needle stic< in uries"

#!mptoms include$ #tomach upsets0 @u5li

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+omplications include$= uman carcinogenGcause of up to F(

of hepatocellular carcinomas

&anagement$ #upportive0

&edications Prevention: Immunization of

infants with ? doses during the Hrst !ear of life

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+linical *eature

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EPI ;accines

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Ahat is a ;accine

4 special preparation ofantigenic material that can eused to stimulate thedevelopment of anti odies andthus confer active J immunit!against a speciHc disease or

num er of diseases"K

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:outine Immunization #chedule forInfants Vaccine Minimum

Age at 1 st Dose

Number of

Doses

Minimum Intervaletween Doses

!eason

"# 2irth oran! timeafter irth

1%iven at anearlier possi leage to protectfrom .2"

DPT6 wee

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-ewl! Introduced ;accine for+hildren ages 1> months to 1'

months Vaccine Minimum

Age at 1 st Dose

Numberof Doses

MinimumIntervaletweenDoses

!eason

&&: *rom 1>months to1' months

1#econd doseopportunit!measles and aprotection formumps andru ella"

e anus oxo mmun za on c e u e

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e anus oxo mmun za on c e u efor Aomen Vaccine Minimum

Intervaletween Doses

PercentProtecte&

Protection

..1 4s earl! aspossi le duringpregnanc!

-3-E -3-E

..> 4t least wee

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:ecommended #torage .emperature for;accines

T'%e()orm of

Vaccine

*torage

Tem%erature

Most*ensitiveto $eat

3ral polio ) Live 4ttenuated,

5 1' + to = >' + ) at thefreezer,

&easles ) *reeze /ried, 51' + to = >' + ) at thefreezer,

+ess*ensitiveto $eat

/P.B ep 2J/K toxoid which is wea + to M + ) in theod! of the refrigerator,

.etanus .oxoid

4d i i i f i

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4dministration of ;accines Vaccine Dose !oute of

A&m,*ite of

A&ministration"# Infants 5

F"F' mlIntradermal 5:ight deltoid region of the

arm

DPT F"' ml Intramuscular

53uter mid5thigh ininfantsBouter upper arm ifolder

OPV > drops 3ral 5&outh

$e%atitis F"' ml Intramuscular

53uter mid5thigh ininfantsBouter upper arm ifolder

Measles Vaccines

F"' ml #u cutaneous

5 /eltoid region of the upperarm

TetanusTo-oi&

F"' ml Intramuscular

5/eltoid region of the upperarm

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+ommon ;accine:eactions *ever #oreness

Pain #welling at the in ection site :ash

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+ontraindications toImmunization 4naph!laxis or severe

h!persensitivit! reaction is ana solute contraindication to

su seNuent doses of a vaccine"Persons with a

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.An Ounce ofPrevention is

etter than aPoun& of "ure/

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Than0 ou2