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2013 Air Quality Progress Report for Bristol City Council In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management July 2013

Bristol City Council

LAQM Progress Report 2013 1



Local Authority Officer Andrew Edwards and Steve Crawshaw

Department Bristol Futures

Address CREATE Centre, Smeaton Road, Bristol, BS1 6XN

Telephone 01179 224331 and 01179 224158

e-mail [email protected] [email protected]

Report Reference number BCC_AQ_PR_2013_1.0

Date 04/07/13

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Executive Summary

This Progress Report summarises the results of Bristol City Council’s air quality

monitoring data for 2012. A range of pollutants is monitored within the city including

NO2, PM10, O3, CO and SO2. Monitoring of CO and SO2 at the AURN site ceased in

July 2012. Benzene was monitored at Old Market until October 2012. Monitoring of

Lead was discontinued in 2011.

In 2012, all monitored pollutants complied with the air quality strategy objectives with

the exception of NO2. In 2012, all recorded exceedences, at locations where there is

relevant exposure, occurred within the existing Air Quality Management Area

(AQMA). The existing AQMA has been declared on the basis of exceedences of the

annual NO2 objective limit and for PM10, as a precautionary measure, as monitoring

of PM10 within the city does not take place at ‘worst case’ locations. The annual

average NO2 objective was breached at five diffusion tube monitoring locations

outside of the AQMA but when they were adjusted to reflect the distance to the

closest relevant receptor, NO2 concentrations were predicted to be below the annual

40 µg/m3 limit.

As a result of findings from the 2011 Detailed Assessment, Bristol City Council was in

the process of extending the Central AQMA to include Whiteladies Road and

Blackboy Hill. There was an indication that an AQMA might be required at

Avonmouth Road. However, in light of the lower NO2 concentrations monitored in

2011 and the resulting compliance with the air quality objectives at relevant receptors

at these two locations, it was decided in consultation with the LAQM Helpdesk, to

defer the declaration process. NO2 monitoring data for 2012 confirms compliance

with NO2 objective limits at Whiteladies Road and Avonmouth Road at relevant

receptor locations and confirms that the decision to defer the .process to be correct.

This decision will continue to be reviewed when the annual monitoring data for 2013

is available.

A Detailed Assessment is not required for any pollutants. The next stage in the

Review and Assessment process is to complete the 2014 Progress Report.



Table of Contents

1 Introduction 7

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area 7

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report 9

1.3 Air Quality Objectives 10

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 12

2 New Monitoring Data 15

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 15

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 43

3 New Local Developments 97

3.1 Road Traffic Sources 97

3.2 Other Transport Sources 97

3.3 Industrial Sources 97

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources 97

3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 101

4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy 102

5 Planning Applications 103

5.1 E-on Portbury Biomass Plant (09/P/1479/F2) 103

5.2 Helius Energy PLC Avonmouth Biomass Plant (09/00506/K) 103

5.3 SITA Waste Facility - Avonmouth 103

5.4 Seabank Land Investments Ltd – Seabank 3 Combined Cycle Gas

Turbine 104

5.5 Bristol Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone 104

6 Air Quality Planning Policies 105

6.1 Planning and Air Quality Guidance 105

6.2 Bristol Development Framework 105



6.3 Supporting Policies 107

7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 109

7.1 Network management 109

7.2 Signing 110

7.3 Partnership working 110

7.4 Freight 110

7.5 Major transport schemes 111

7.6 Monitoring 111

8 Climate Change Strategies 112

9 Implementation of Action Plans 113

9.1 Priority Actions for 2013 128

10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 130

10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 130

10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 130

10.3 Proposed Actions 131

11 References 132

12 Appendix A: QA \ QC 133

12.1 QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring 133

12.2 QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring 137

List of Tables Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England 11

Table 1.2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessment Reports 12

Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites 17

Table 2.2 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites 24

Table 2.3 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective 44

Table 2.4 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective 48

Table 2.5 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2012 49



Table 2.6 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes (2008 to 2012) 61

Table 2.7 Tubes Outside of the AQMA Exceeding the Annual Air Quality Objective for NO2 71

Table 2.8 Diffusion Tube Results for Avonmouth Road 77

Table 2.9 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective 87

Table 2.10 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective87

Table 2.11 Monthly Benzene Results for Bristol Old Market 93

Table 2.12 Summary Data for Ozone Monitoring in Bristol 2012 94

Table 2.13 Summary Data from St Pauls Carbon Monoxide Monitor 96

Table 9.1 Action Plan Progress 114

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites 16

Figure 2.2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Central) 22

Figure 2.3 Map of Non Automatic Monitoring Sites (Avonmouth) 23

Figure 2.4 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites45

Figure 2.5 Summary Plot of Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (Fishponds, Bath Road, Shiners - A420, Newfoundland Way and Brislington) 46

Figure 2.6 Summary Plot of Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (St Pauls, Well Road, Parsons Street and Rupert Street) 47

Figure 2.7 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites 70

Figure 2.8 2012 Summary Data from NO2 Distance Calculator for Tube 311 72


Figure 2.10 Location of Diffusion Tubes Sites on Whiteladies Road/ Blackboy Hill 74

Figure 2.11 Chart of Relative Traffic Flows on A4018 Since 1994 by Vehicle Type 76

Figure 2.12 2012 Windrose for Bristol St Pauls AURN 79

Figure 2.13 Location of Diffusion Tube Sites at Avonmouth Road 80

Figure 2.14 Long Term Trends of NO2 at Avonmouth Road Diffusion Tube Sites 81



Figure 2.17 Proposed Additional Avonmouth Diffusion Tube Locations 85

Figure 2.18 Summary Plot of PM10 at Bristol St Pauls and Bristol Old Market 2012 88

Figure 2.19 Time Series Plot of 15 Minute Sulphur Dioxide at Bristol St Pauls 91

Figure 2.20 Trend in SO2 Concentrations: Bristol St. Pauls. 92

Figure 2.21 Summary Plot of 8-hour running Mean Ozone at CREATE and AURN St Pauls 95

Figure 3.1 Map of Individual Solid Fuel Installations and PM10 Emissions Per 500m Grid Square100

Figure 6.1 Policy BCS23 from the Core Strategy 106

Figure 7.1 Integration of AQAP and JLTP measures 111



1 Introduction 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

The following description of Bristol is abridged from the “Bristol: the story of place”

document with additional data taken from “Bristol: State of the City 2012” and “Bristol

Residential Development Survey 2011”. Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and

ceremonial county in South West England, 105 miles (169 km) west of London, and

44 miles (71 km) east of Cardiff. With an estimated population of 428,100 for the

unitary authority at present, and a surrounding urban area with an estimated 627,000

residents, it is England's sixth, and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city,

one of England's core cities and the most populous city in South West England.

Following a period of population decline in the post war years, the population

stabilised in the 1990s and, if recent population trends continue, the total population

of Bristol is projected to reach 502,700 people by 2035. It borders the counties of

Somerset and Gloucestershire and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to

the southeast and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon,

and it also has a short coastline on the estuary of the River Severn where it flows into

the Bristol Channel.

Bristol is the largest centre of culture, employment and education in the region. Its

prosperity has been linked with the sea since its earliest days. The commercial Port

of Bristol was originally in the city centre before being moved to the Severn Estuary

at Avonmouth; Royal Portbury Dock is on the western edge of the city boundary. In

more recent years the economy has depended on the aerospace industry, and the

city centre docks have been regenerated as a centre of heritage and culture. The city

of Bristol is an old historic city and port almost 1000 years old. The city is located in a

bowl bisected by the River Avon. Due to the restricted number of bridges over the

Avon, the road network is radial in nature with most through routes passing through

the mediaeval city centre. Large numbers of commuters and shoppers enter and

leave the city each day adding considerably to its daytime population. The city centre

has recently undergone regeneration. A major new shopping centre, Cabot Circus

opened in September 2008 and the harbourside area has also seen a major building

program. The Bristol City Council local housing target, as set out in policy BCS5 in

the Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy, adopted in June 2011, is for a



minimum 26,400 dwellings to be delivered in Bristol between 2006 and 2026. Since

2006, 12,728 dwellings (net) have been completed.

1.1.1

A survey of Bristol's Citizens' Panel in June 2012, rated issues within Bristol

according to level of dissatisfaction and level of importance placed on the issue.

Traffic congestion and traffic pollution was rated as the number 1 issue in terms of

dissatisfaction and importance, public transport was number 2. These were also the

top two issues identified in a similar survey carried out in October 2007.

The statistics bear out these strong feelings. Overall, the volume of traffic on roads in

the Bristol area grew by 21% between 1994 and 2004, higher than the 18% growth

for Great Britain as a whole during the same period. There are 500,000 car

movements every day in and out of the city centre alone. Peak hour traffic speeds in

Bristol are already down to 15 mph making it one of the most congested ‘core’ cities

outside London. It has been estimated that by 2016 traffic congestions could cost the

local economy £600 million per annum. According to the 2011 Census, 71.1% of

Bristol households have access to a car, with some 26% having access to 2 or more

cars. From 2001 to 2011 the number of cars owned in Bristol increased by 25,196.

The 2011 Census highlights that in the Bristol area, 55% of all journeys to work are

made by car, with 27% made by bicycle or on foot and 12% by public transport.

Bristol's transport problems are partly down to the considerable success of its

economy. However, the problems clearly pose a threat to our continuing prosperity

as well as to the city's quality of life. Transport issues cut across the city's boundaries

and the considerable effort and investment to address them is done in close

collaboration with neighbouring authorities.

The strategy and plans on transport are contained in the Joint Local Transport Plan

(JLTP), shared with the neighbouring authorities of Bath and North East Somerset,

North Somerset and South Gloucestershire. A new JLTP (3) has recently been

published that covers the period 2011 – 2026. The current JLTP has a delivery plan

that covers a three year period from 2012/13 to 2014/15. Some actions within the

Delivery Plan for this period that will improve air quality include:

• A series of pedestrian and cycle routes along the A38 corridor between Bristol

city centre and the North Fringe including an enhanced Lockleaze- Cribbs



Causeway link, gateway treatment at Stokes Croft/ St James Barton and

improvements along Gloucester Road and between Mina Road and

Cheltenham Road;

• the Festival Way cycle route into Bristol from the South West; and

• Plan to implement 20 mph speed limit throughout Bristol by the end of 2014.

In December 2011 funding was secured for three new Bus Rapid Transport (BRT)

projects for Bristol. The 3 projects are the North Fringe to Hengrove Link, South

Bristol Link and the Ashton Vale to Temple Meads Link. The projects aim to provide a

rapid and reliable public transport service which will be combined with pedestrian and

cycle facilities. Beyond 2014/15 there are plans for a Bristol Metro Train network to

provide half hourly cross city train services. Phase 1 plans include the re-opening of

the Portishead line and half hourly services to Severn Beach. Phase 2 includes the

re-opening of the Henbury line and stations at Horfield and Ashley Down.

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process as

set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England,

Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical

Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities

to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or

not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are

considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management

Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the

measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly

Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity

in the Local Air Quality Management process.

They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment

Reports, or to require as much effort. However, if the Progress Report identifies the

risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective, the Local Authority (LA) should

undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of

Review and Assessment.



1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality

(England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)

Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the

objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre µg/m3 (milligrammes per cubic

metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year

that are permitted (where applicable).



Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England

Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be

achieved by Concentration Measured as

Benzene 16.25 µg/m3 Running annual

mean 31.12.2003

5.00 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2010

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003

Carbon monoxide 10 mg/m3 Running 8-hour mean 31.12.2003

Lead 0.50 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008

Nitrogen dioxide

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a

year

1-hour mean 31.12.2005

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

Particulate Matter (PM10)

(gravimetric)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a

year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

Sulphur dioxide

350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more

than 24 times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2004

125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004

266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more

than 35 times a year

15-minute mean 31.12.2005



1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Previous Review and Assessment Reports are summarised below in Table 1.2

Table 1.2 Summary of Previous Review and Assessment Reports

Year Type Summary

2012 Updating and Screening

Concluded that in 2011 all monitored pollutants were compliant with the air quality strategy objectives with the exception of NO2. All recorded exceedences, at locations where there is relevant exposure, occurred within the existing AQMA. Bristol City Council was in the process of extending the Central AQMA to include Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill and had started to re-declare the AQMA at Avonmouth Road. In light of the lower NO2 concentrations in 2011 it was decided to delay this declaration process.

2011 Detailed Confirmed the need to go to consultation stage to extend the Central AQMA along Whiteladies Road and to declare a small AQMA at Avonmouth Road. Concluded that the air quality strategy objective for NO2 is being met at the railway between Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway stations.

2011 Progress Report

Identified a need for detailed assessment at Whiteladies Road and confirmed the need for detailed assessment at Avonmouth Road.

2010 Detailed Confirmed exceedence of NO2 annual mean objective on three roads in South Bristol and a section of the A4 Bath Road. Assessment of impacts from rail sources and near the M5 was deferred until 2011 pending completion of monitoring campaign.


Identified the need for a detailed assessment for properties on Avonmouth Road where it is crossed by the M5.


Predicted exceedences on three roads and an associated junction in South Bristol for NO2 and PM10. Identified the need to assess trains running between Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway for NO2. Identified the need to assess four biomass plants in detail.


Concludes that meeting the air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide in Bristol is not likely by 2010. Widespread exceedences of nitrogen dioxide are present within the AQMA at roadside locations where there is residential exposure. Revocation of 2003 AQMA for Avonmouth and extension of central AQMA to Fishponds Road.

2007 Detailed Concludes that sulphur dioxide and benzene are below government objectives, but that nitrogen dioxide remains a concern. Widespread exceedences of nitrogen dioxide are present within the AQMA at roadside locations where there is residential exposure. Recommendations are made for amending Bristol's AQMA and progress is reported on the AQAP.


This report reviews the air quality in Bristol for the NAQS pollutants. It also reports on progress with the Air Quality Action Plan and identified the pollutants that will be assessed in the forthcoming



detailed assessment.


This document describes the progress Bristol City Council has made towards achieving the objectives set out in the National Air Quality Strategy and contains air quality monitoring information from 2004. It also addresses outstanding issues from previous reviews of air quality in the city.



Figure 1.1 Map of AQMA Boundary



2 New Monitoring Data 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

The network of automatic sites operating through 2012 was essentially the same as

that operating in 2011, with the exception that no CO monitoring took place at the Old

Market site in 2012. The Old Market monitoring station was de-affiliated from the

AURN at the end of August 2012, however, monitoring of NO2 and PM10 continued to

be measured at Old Market until the end of 2012. Unfortunately, due to data quality

issues that could not be resolved, NO2 data is not available for 2012 at Old Market.

Descriptions and photographs of sites have not been included in this report but are

available in previous reports and online at Bristol's air quality web site. The focus of

monitoring continues to be roadside NOX, particularly on the major routes into the city

and in the city centre. The QA\QC regime remains the same as reported in the 2012

Updating and Screening Assessment. The QA/QC regime is documented in

Appendix A. A map showing the locations of automatic monitors and the pollutants

measured is shown in

Figure 2.1 and summary data for the monitoring sites is given in Table 2.1.

http://www.bristol.airqualitydata.com/



Figure 2.1 Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites



Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site ID Site Name Site Type

X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref

Inlet Height

(m)

Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA

?

Monitoring Technique

Relevant Exposure?

(Y/N with distance (m)

from monitoring

site to relevant

exposure)

Distance to Kerb of Nearest

Road (m) (N/A if not applicable)

Does this Location

Represent Worst-Case

Exposure?

481 CREATE Centre Roof

Urban Background 356838 172209 30.0 O3 Yes

UV

Absorption n/a >100 N

203 Brislington Depot

Urban Background 361178 171566 6.0 NO2 Yes

Chemilumi-

nescence N (22m) 18 N

206 Rupert Street Urban Centre 358667 173108 1.2 NO2 Yes

Chemilumi-

nescence Y (for

hourly) traffic island Y

213 Old Market Roadside 359555 173166 1.2 NO2, PM10 Yes

Chemilumi-

nescence

BAM N (96) 4 N

215 Parson Street School Roadside 358042 170582 1.2 NO2 Yes

Chemilumi-

nescence N (20) 4 N




X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref

Inlet Height

(m)


In AQMA

?


Relevant Exposure?


from monitoring

site to relevant

exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

270 Wells Road Kerbside 360903 170024 1.5 NO2 Yes Chemilumi-

nescence N (8) 1 N

375 Newfoundland Road Police

Station Roadside 359645 173683 1.2 NO2 Yes

Chemilumi-

nescence N (100) 8 N

395 Shiner's Garage Roadside 361000 173352 1.5 NO2 Yes

Chemilumi-

nescence N (31) 4 N

447 Bath Road Roadside 360385 171660 1.2 NO2 No Chemilumi-

nescence N (6) 5 N

452 AURN St. Pauls

Urban Background 359488 173924 2.7

NO2, CO, SO2, O3,

PM10 Yes

ANRN

Reference

Methods N (10) 110 N




X OS Grid Ref

Y OS Grid Ref

Inlet Height

(m)


In AQMA

?


Relevant Exposure?


from monitoring

site to relevant

exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

463 Fishponds Road Roadside 362926 175590 1.2 NO2 Yes

Chemilumi-

nescence N (7) 3 N



2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Bristol has an extensive network of diffusion tubes, organised into a number of

surveys. The “roadside” and “ward” diffusion tube surveys have a long history and

have been used to show trends in roadside and background concentrations of NO2.

The surveys have been rationalised over the years, with additions to reflect updated

guidance and new assessment. Tubes have been removed where historic monitoring

has shown that concentrations have consistently been below relevant objectives.

Tube changeovers and analysis used to be carried out by Bristol Scientific Services;

however, this lab was closed at the end of March 2012. Since this date tube

changeovers have been carried out by BCC Environment officers and tube analysis

carried out by Somerset Scientific Services Laboratory. Exposure periods for all

diffusion tube sites correspond to the timetable used in the Air Quality Archive

monitoring calendar for 2012. This additional control over tube placement and

management allowed us to carry out a check on the locations of all the diffusion

tubes in the network and ArcGIS was used to confirm the grid references for each

tube which have been updated where necessary in Table 2.2.

At the end of 2011, 26 of the 122 NO2 diffusion tubes were removed from the

network. This equates to a reduction of approximately a fifth. The sites selected for

removal from the NO2 network have been identified as surplus to requirements as

they fulfil one or more of the following criteria:

• Background site with readings below 40µg/m3 in 2010

• Roadside site close to another monitoring site

• Site is part of a survey where the rationale for monitoring no longer exists

Most of the tubes used in the “ward” survey have been removed whilst we have

retained the “roadside” sites that are used as indicators for the LTP, and also tubes

where there is currently activity relating to changing the AQMA boundaries. We have

also maintained triplicate tubes where we have active NOX monitors for QA\QC

purposes.



In order to gain a better understanding of the cause of exceedences on Avonmouth

Road, which is discussed in more details in Section 2.2.1 of this report, an additional

5 diffusion tube locations have been added in this area.

Monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylene using BTX tubes ceased at the end of

2011 as there have been no observed exceedences of the air quality standard for

benzene since 2005. Benzene sampling at the UK Non-Automatic Hydrocarbon

monitoring site in Old Market ceased from the end of September 2012. This change

resulted from a network review carried out by Defra which concluded that the site

was no longer required for compliance with Directive 2008/50/EC, or to provide

additional data for modelling exercises.

Relevant details of QA\QC procedures, WASP assessments, bias adjustment and

analysis procedures are contained in Appendix A. Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3 show the

locations of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes and the concentration categories into

which they fall. The AQMA boundary encompasses all of the locations where

diffusion tubes identify exceedence of the annual mean and there is relevant

residential exposure. There are some exceeding sites outside the AQMA, which are

discussed in following sections. Table 2.2 shows the relevant details for all NO2

diffusion tubes operating in Bristol in 2012.



Figure 2.2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Central)



Figure 2.3 Map of Non Automatic Monitoring Sites (Avonmouth)



Table 2.2 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid

Reference Y OS Grid Reference

Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?

Is Monitoring Co-located

with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?

(Y/N with distance (m) from

monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

2 Colston Avenue Roadside 358628 173011 2.8 NO2 Y N N (49) 1 N

3 Blackboy Hill Roadside 357448 174650 2.8 NO2 N N Y (0) 3 Y

4 Three Lamps Roadside 359903 171850 3.2 NO2 Y N N (47) 3 N

5 Bedminster Parade Roadside 358723 171704 3.2 NO2 Y N Y (1) 1 Y

6 Church Road Roadside 361237 173422 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 3 Y

7 St. Andrew's Rd Roadside 351706 178250 2.8 NO2 N N N (6) 3 N

8 Higham Street Urban Background 359836 171903 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (9) 40

9 B.R.I. Roadside 358729 173499 2.8 NO2 Y N N (10) 1 N

10 Bath Road Roadside 361217 171429 3.2 NO2 Y N N (8) 2 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

11 Whitefriars Roadside 358813 173342 3.2 NO2 Y N N (92) 5 N

12 Galleries Roadside 359142 173211 2.6 NO2 Y N N (99) 1 N

13 Ferndown Close

Urban Background 354493 177489 2.8 NO2 N N Y (15) 135

14 Red Lion Knowle Roadside 360871 170291 3.2 NO2 Y N N (4) 2 N

15 Horsefair Roadside 359305 173484 2.6 NO2 Y N N (99) 1 N

16 Third Way Roadside 352287 178698 3.2 NO2 N N N (98) 2 N

17 Anglesea Place

Roadside 357273 174582 3.2 NO2 N N N (9) 1 N

18 Hillcrest Urban Background 360691 170081 3.2 NO2 N N Y (8) 160

19 Conham Vale Roadside 362921 172122 3 NO2 N N N (99) 1 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

20 Newfoundland

Way Roadside 359567 173630 2.8 NO2 Y N N (95) 5 N

21 Gloucester Road Roadside 359027 175300 2.8 NO2 Y N N (20) 1 N

22 Stokes Croft Roadside 359109 173886 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y

23 Old Market Roadside 359555 173166 3 NO2 Y Y N (96) 4 N

81 Eastville Park Urban

Background 361657 175362 3.2 NO2 Y N N (220) 212

99 Greville Smyth Park Roadside 357099 171627 2.8 NO2 N N Y(1) 2 N

105 Victoria Park Urban Background 359097 171368 3.5 NO2 N N Y (13) 200

113 Victoria Street

c Roadside 359258 172696 2.8 NO2 Y N N (2) 3 N

123 York Rd Roadside 359213 171916 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (1) 2 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

147 Anchor Road

opp Swan hotel

Roadside 358514 172691 2.8 NO2 Y N N (80) 1 N

154 Hotwells Road

Roadside 357601 172483 3.2 NO2 Y N N (14) 1 N

155 Jacobs Wells

road nr Hotwells rndbt

Roadside 357838 172713 4 NO2 Y N N (20) 2 N

156 Jacobs Wells

road opp Clifton hill

Roadside 357709 173018 3.2 NO2 Y N N (2) 1 N

157 Stokes Croft Ashley Road Roadside 359119 174090 2.4 NO2 Y N N (2) 2 N

159 Cromwell Road

Roadside 358891 174608 3.2 NO2 Y N N (5) 1 N

161 Bishop Road Roadside 359152 175733 2.8 NO2 Y N N (5) 2 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

163 Strathmore

Road Roadside 359435 176574 3 NO2 Y N N (20) 3 N

175 top of Brislington Hill Roadside 362147 170525 3.2 NO2 Y N N (13) 2 N

239 Parson St. A38 East Roadside 357880 170506 3.2 NO2 Y N N (7) 1 N

242 Parson Street Bedminster Down Road

Roadside 357510 170401 3.2 NO2 Y N N (2) 2 N

254 Merchants

Road Hotwells

Roadside 357118 172429 3.2 NO2 Y N N (3) 1 N

260 Stapleton Road South Roadside 361140 175366 2.8 NO2 Y N N (3) 2 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

261 Stapleton

Road Heath Street

Roadside 361103 175059 3.2 NO2 Y N N (5) 1 N

263 Gatton Road Roadside 360343 174473 2.8 NO2 Y N N (3) 25 N

295 Lamppost 16 Ashley Road

St. Pauls Roadside 359913 174315 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y

297 Facade 383

Church Road Redfield

Roadside 362320 173626 3.2 NO2 Y N N (6) 3 N

300

Facade Haart Estate Agents

755 Fishponds

Road Fishponds

Roadside 363365 175883 2.8 NO2 Y N N (3) 1 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

303 Facade 784 Muller Road Fishponds

Roadside 361368 175170 1.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 7 Y

305 Lamppost

Sarah Street Redfield

Roadside 360661 173373 2.8 NO2 Y N N (8) 20 N

307

Lamppost Glenfrome

Road \ Muller Road Horfield

Roadside 360747 175328 2.8 NO2 Y N N (4) 2 N

311

Give Way sign

Chesterfield Rd \ Ashley Down Road St. Andrews

Roadside 359677 175057 3.5 NO2 N N N (6) 1 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

312 Lamppost

Ashley Hill St. Pauls

Roadside 359832 174616 2.8 NO2 Y N N (13) 2 N

314

Lamppost Whiteladies

Road \ Cotham Hill

Clifton

Roadside 357751 174063 2.8 NO2 N N N (3) 0.6 N

318 Monitor

Rupert Street City Centre

Roadside 358667 173110 2.8 NO2 Y Y N (25) 0 N

320 Monitor

Bath Road Brislington

Roadside 361180 171567 6 NO2 Y Y N (22) 18 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

321

Monitor Trailer

Portway Park and Ride

Other 352275 177008 3.2 NO2 N N N (82) 53 N

325

Facade 258 Fishponds

Road Fishponds

Roadside 361667 175103 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 8 Y

363 5102 façade Roadside 359075 173613 3 NO2 Y N Y (0) 9 Y

365 Unite façade Roadside 359520 173264 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 10 Y

370 Great George

Street lamppost

Roadside 359775 173513 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 1 Y

371 Lamb Street façade

Roadside 359813 173373 3.2 NO2 Y N N (6) 2 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

373 123

Newfoundland Street façade

Roadside 359747 173774 2.4 NO2 Y N N (15) 17 N

374 St. Paul Street

Roadside 359509 173595 2.8 NO2 Y N N (4) 1 N

396 Avonmouth Rd No 28 on

facia Roadside 352593 177673 1.8 NO2 N N Y (0) 8 Y

397

facade avonmouth

road underpass - house to SE

Roadside 352578 177637 1.8 NO2 N N Y (0) 14 Y

398 Avonmouth Rd No 31 on

facia Roadside 352501 177698 1.8 NO2 N N Y (0) 13 Y





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

403 Lamp post 48

230 Bath Road

Roadside 360508 171676 2.8 NO2 Y N N (2) 2 N

405 Whitehall

Rd/Easton Rd lamppost 4TZ

Roadside 361051 173743 3.2 NO2 Y N N (3) 1 N

406

Whitehall Rd lamppost 17

nr juction with Chalks Rd

Roadside 361578 173805 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y

407 lamppost sussex place

Roadside 359829 174370 2.8 NO2 Y N N (9) 2 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

413

Wells Rd bus lane sign just below junction with Knowle

Rd

Roadside 360043 171508 3.2 NO2 Y N N (5) 2 Y

417

St John's Lane No 26 lamppost 15

(just past roundabout)

Roadside 359635 171413 3.2 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y

418

Bedminster Down Rd lamppost between Ashton

Motors & Plough PH

Roadside 357737 170642 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

419

Parson St lamppost

outside Bristol Scuba

Roadside 357832 170686 2.8 NO2 Y N N (10) 1 N

420

North St/Dean Lane on

roundabout sign

Roadside 358277 171562 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (1) 2 N

422

North St/Langton

Park T junction

Roadside 358168 171525 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 3 Y

423 facade BRI children's Roadside 358623 173386 1.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 13 Y





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

425

Ashley Rd P sign outside International Market (nr

Dalrymple Rd)

Roadside 359318 174162 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 3 Y

426

City Rd/Ashley Rd lamppost No

16

Roadside 359517 174153 2.8 NO2 Y N N (5) 2 N

429 facade villiers road stapleton road junction

Roadside 360484 174097 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 4 Y

436 Shiners Garage Roadside 361013 173352 2.8 NO2 Y Y N (22) 3 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

438 A37 Junction

w/ Airport Road

Kerbside 360903 170024 2.4 NO2 Y Y N (8) 1 N

439 Parson Street School

Roadside 358042 170582 1.5 NO2 Y Y Y (20) 4 N

441 Avon

Probation Service

Roadside 359645 173683 1.5 NO2 Y Y N (100) 8 N

448 Economy Cars Roadside 360385 171660 1.5 NO2 Y Y N (6) 5 N

455 St. Pauls Day

Nursery Urban

Background 359487 173924 3.2 NO2 Y Y Y (10) 110

461 Millpond School Fence Roadside 360381 174405 1.5 NO2 Y N Y (5) 10 Y





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

462 Millpond

School play area

Roadside 360385 174381 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 35 Y

464 Fishponds Road

Roadside 362927 175592 3.5 NO2 Y Y N (7) 3 N

466 Savanna

coffee drainpipe

Roadside 357466 171622 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 3 Y

467 Strada Exeter Road Roadside 357568 171537 2.8 NO2 Y N N (4) 1 N

469 Lamppost

corner Park Avenue

Roadside 359479 171114 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (1) 2 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

470

Lamppost nr brick wall

speed limit sign

Roadside 359213 170997 3.2 NO2 Y N Y (0) 4 N

472 Jamiesons Autos Roadside 358226 171284 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y

473 B&G Snax West St Roadside 358105 171124 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y

474 Martial Arts West Street Roadside 357991 170979 2.4 NO2 Y N Y (0) 2 Y

478 T shirt Shop

W. Town Lane

Roadside 362091 170447 2.8 NO2 Y N Y (0) 7 Y

479 cycle sign lamppost

Roadside 361917 170442 3.2 NO2 N N N (9) 3 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

482

Avonmouth Road -

Lampost (20) Opposite

Number Hse No 45

Roadside 352450 177760 3.2 NO2 N N N (18) 0 N

483

Avonmouth Road -

Lampost (19) Opposite Hse

No 37

Roadside 352484 177735 3.2 NO2 N N N (18) 0 N

484

Avonmouth Road - School Sign Opposite

Hse No 16

Roadside 352620 177639 2.8 NO2 N N N (6) 3 N





Site Height

(m)


In AQMA?


with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?


monitoring site to

relevant exposure)



Does this Location


Exposure?

485

Avonmouth Road -

Telegraph Pole Opposite

Hse No 4

Roadside 352654 177602 2.8 NO2 N N N (3) 1 N

486

Barracks's Lane -

Telegraph Pole No 6.

End of Lane Left Hand

Side

Roadside 352785 177858 2.8 NO2 N N N (207) 21 N



2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Automatic Monitoring Data

Data from the continuous analysers shows the same situation as in previous years.

The Rupert Street monitor continues to exceed the annual and hourly mean

objectives by a wide margin and is the most polluted site in the network. However,

since 2008, there has been a marked decline in the number of exceedences of the

hourly mean. This has fallen from 285 exceedences in 2008 to 46 in 2011. However,

in 2012 there was a slight rise in the number of exceedences to 52. Data capture

rates at Rupert Street for 2011 were low, 78%, due to the QA/QC process

highlighting that the data for a two month period needed to be removed from the

dataset due to an analyser fault. Data collection at Rupert Street for 2012 was

improved at 88.4% which may have contributed to a higher number of exceedences.

The 99.8th percentile of hourly means for 2011 and 2012 are very similar for the

Rupert Street site at 216.3µg/m3 and 217.9µg/m3. Brislington and Bath Road are

again the least polluted of the roadside sites with annual mean 2012 concentrations

being very similar but slightly higher than in 2011. Other sites are situated to reflect

the typical ambient concentrations along the arterial routes on which they are

located. All sites are representative of relevant exposure.

The trends in nitrogen dioxide concentrations from 1998 – 2012 are shown below in

Figure 2.4. The trend is showing a slight decline from 2006 to 2012 at Wells Road,

Bath Road and Fishponds with a more marked decline occurring at Rupert Street

over this period. The trend at the other sites in the network is generally stable. These

trends reflect monitoring at the roadside across the city using diffusion tubes. Figure

2.5 and Figure 2.6 give summary plots of nitrogen dioxide concentrations at all the

continuous monitoring sites.



Table 2.3 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site ID Site Type Within AQMA?

Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period %

Valid Data Capture 2012

%

Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

203 - Brislington Depot

Urban Background Y 89.9 89.9 34.8 34.7 37.1 34.5 35.7

206 - Rupert Street Urban Centre Y 88.4 88.4 101.5 98.5 94.3 86.2 89.3

213 - Old Market Roadside Y 0.0 0.0 62.4 64.0 62.8 58.5 N/A 215 - Parson Street School

Roadside Y 87.0 87.0 50.5 50.3 50.5 48.2 47.9

270 - Wells Road Kerbside Y 83.0 83.0 49.2 50.2 47.3 42.3 41.2 375 -

Newfoundland Road Police

Station

Roadside Y 99.7 99.7 58.4 59.1 54.3 53.8 52.7

395 - Shiner's Garage

Roadside Y 99.4 99.4 40.8 40.7 44.3 40.7 42.1

447 - Bath Road Roadside Y 94.2 94.2 37.4 37.0 40.1 36.2 36.5

452 - AURN St. Pauls

Urban Background Y 98.6 98.6 32.5 30.5 30.6 27.2 31.5

463 - Fishponds Road Roadside Y 98.5 98.5 44.2 44.4 42.2 39.5



Figure 2.4 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites



Figure 2.5 Summary Plot of Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (Fishponds, Bath Road, Shiners - A420, Newfoundland Way and Brislington)



Figure 2.6 Summary Plot of Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (St Pauls, Well Road, Parsons Street and Rupert Street)



Table 2.4 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective




%

Number of Hourly Means > 200µg/m3

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

203 - Brislington Depot

Urban Background Y 89.9 89.9 0 0 1 0

0

(121.5)

206 - Rupert Street Urban Centre Y 88.4 88.4 285 198 81 46 (216.3)

52

(217.9)

213 - Old Market Roadside Y 0.0 0.0 5 11 0 0 N/A

215 - Parson Street School Roadside Y 87.0 87.0 0 0 4 5

0

(143.7)

270 - Wells Road Kerbside Y 83.0 83.0 0 0 2 3 1

(145.7)

375 - Newfoundland Road Police Station

Roadside Y 99.7 99.7 0 18 11 0 (156.1) 0

395 - Shiner's Garage Roadside Y 99.4 99.4 0 0 0 0 (145.8) 0

447 - Bath Road Roadside Y 94.2 94.2 0 0 0 0 0

452 - AURN St. Pauls

Urban Background Y 98.6 98.6 1 0 0 0 0

463 - Fishponds Road Roadside Y 98.5 98.5 n/a 0 (88.4) 0 1 0



Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

Summary data from NO2 diffusion tube sites are given below in Table 2.5. Annual mean concentrations exceeding 40 µg/m3 in 2012

are shown in bold with those over 60 µg/m3 also underlined. Where annual means in 2012 exceed the air quality objective and the

location is outside the AQMA, the row is highlighted in grey. Diffusion tube results for 2008 to 2012 are shown in Table 2.6.

Table 2.5 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2012

Site ID Location Site Type Within

AQMA? Triplicate or Co-

located Tube

Full Calendar Year Data Capture 2012

(Number of Months or %)

2012 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) -

Bias Adjustment factor = 0.87

2 Colston Avenue Roadside Y N 100% 66.8

3 Blackboy Hill Roadside N N 90% 37.7

4 Three Lamps Roadside Y N 89% 58.4

5 Bedminster Parade Roadside Y N 90% 54.6

6 Church Road Roadside Y N 90% 33.6

7 St. Andrew's Rd Roadside N N 91% 27.9

8 Higham Street Urban Background Y N 89% 25.6

9 B.R.I. Roadside Y N 100% 52.0





located Tube





10 Bath Road Roadside Y N 89% 58.4

11 Whitefriars Roadside Y N 100% 53.2

12 Galleries Roadside Y N 99% 50.8

13 Ferndown Close Urban Background

N N 100% 18.1

14 Red Lion Knowle Roadside Y N 89% 43.2

15 Horsefair Roadside Y N 100% 49.5

16 Third Way Roadside N N 99% 36.4

17 Anglesea Place Roadside N N 100% 21.3

18 Hillcrest Urban Background N N 89% 21.3

19 Conham Vale Roadside N N 90% 22.0

20 Newfoundland Way Roadside Y N 90% 74.7

21 Gloucester Road Roadside Y N 100% 43.1

22 Stokes Croft Roadside Y N 100% 55.3

23 Old Market Roadside Y Triplicate and Co-located 96% 47.9





located Tube





81 Eastville Park Urban Background Y N 99% 21.0

99 Greville Smyth Park Roadside N N 90% 30.0

105 Victoria Park Urban

Background N N 90% 20.4

113 Victoria Street c Roadside Y N 90% 51.8

123 York Rd Roadside Y N 89% 63.0

147 Anchor Road opp Swan hotel Roadside Y N 100% 60.6

154 Hotwells Road Roadside Y N 100% 40.3

155 Jacobs Wells

road nr Hotwells rndbt

Roadside Y N 100% 46.9

156 Jacobs Wells

road opp Clifton hill


157 Stokes Croft Ashley Road Roadside Y N 100% 55.9





located Tube





159 Cromwell Road Roadside Y N 100% 49.7

161 Bishop Road Roadside Y N 100% 41.6

163 Strathmore Road Roadside Y N 100% 38.8

175 top of Brislington Hill


239 Parson St. A38 East Roadside Y N 82% 76.9

242 Parson Street

Bedminster Down Road


254 Merchants Road Hotwells Roadside Y N 100% 55.3

260 Stapleton Road South Roadside Y N 99% 45.8

261 Stapleton Road Heath Street Roadside Y N 99% 53.0

263 Gatton Road Roadside Y N 100% 35.7





located Tube





295 Lamppost 16

Ashley Road St. Pauls


297 Facade 383

Church Road Redfield


300

Facade Haart Estate Agents 755 Fishponds

Road Fishponds


303 Facade 784 Muller Road Fishponds


305 Lamppost Sarah Street Redfield Roadside Y N 90% 36.0

307

Lamppost Glenfrome Road \

Muller Road Horfield






located Tube





311

Give Way sign Chesterfield Rd \

Ashley Down Road St. Andrews

Roadside N N 100% 46.7

312 Lamppost

Ashley Hill St. Pauls


314

Lamppost Whiteladies Road

\ Cotham Hill Clifton


318 Monitor Rupert Street City Centre Roadside Y

Triplicate and Co-located 100% 90.6

320 Monitor Bath Road Brislington Roadside Y Triplicate and Co-

located 89% 31.5

321 Monitor Trailer Portway Park and

Ride Other N N 100% 24.6





located Tube





325 Facade 258

Fishponds Road Fishponds


363 5102 façade Roadside Y N 100% 48.0

365 Unite façade Roadside Y N 73% 37.4

370 Great George Street lamppost Roadside Y N 90% 39.5

371 Lamb Street

façade Roadside Y N 100% 47.5

373 123

Newfoundland Street façade


374 St. Paul Street Roadside Y N 100% 46.8

396 Avonmouth Rd No 28 on facia Roadside N N 100% 34.7

397

facade avonmouth road

underpass - house to SE






located Tube





398 Avonmouth Rd No 31 on facia Roadside N N 100% 31.8

403 Lamp post 48 230 Bath Road Roadside Y N 89% 43.6

405 Whitehall

Rd/Easton Rd lamppost 4TZ


406

Whitehall Rd lamppost 17 nr

juction with Chalks Rd


407 lamppost sussex

place Roadside Y N 100% 47.3

413

Wells Rd bus lane sign just below junction with Knowle Rd


417

St John's Lane No 26 lamppost

15 (just past roundabout)






located Tube





418

Bedminster Down Rd lamppost

between Ashton Motors & Plough

PH


419 Parson St

lamppost outside Bristol Scuba


420 North St/Dean

Lane on roundabout sign


422 North St/Langton Park T junction Roadside Y N 90% 39.8

423 facade BRI children's Roadside Y N 100% 50.9

425

Ashley Rd P sign outside

International Market (nr

Dalrymple Rd)






located Tube





426 City Rd/Ashley

Rd lamppost No 16


429 facade villiers road stapleton road junction


436 Shiners Garage Roadside Y Triplicate and Co-located 90% 39.6

438 A37 Junction w/ Airport Road Kerbside Y Triplicate and Co-

located 84% 43.4

439 Parson Street School Roadside Y Triplicate and Co-

located 98% 40.9

441 Avon Probation Service Roadside Y Triplicate and Co-

located 100% 55.0

448 Economy Cars Roadside Y Triplicate and Co-

located 89% 37.6

455 St. Pauls Day Nursery

Urban Background Y Triplicate and Co-

located 91% 29.5

461 Millpond School Fence Roadside Y N 99% 35.5





located Tube





462 Millpond School play area Roadside Y N 99% 31.7

464 Fishponds Road Roadside Y Triplicate and Co-located 99% 38.0

466 Savanna coffee

drainpipe Roadside Y N 81% 39.6

467 Strada Exeter Road Roadside Y N 90% 35.1

469 Lamppost corner Park Avenue Roadside Y N 90% 39.4

470 Lamppost nr brick

wall speed limit sign


472 Jamiesons Autos Roadside Y N 90% 46.5

473 B&G Snax West St Roadside Y N 90% 44.6

474 Martial Arts West Street


478 T shirt Shop W. Town Lane Roadside Y N 89% 36.4





located Tube





479 cycle sign lamppost Roadside N N 89% 33.4

482

Avonmouth Road - Lampost (20)

Opposite Number Hse No 45


483

Avonmouth Road - Lampost (19)

Opposite Hse No 37


484

Avonmouth Road - School Sign

Opposite Hse No 16


485

Avonmouth Road - Telegraph Pole Opposite Hse No

4






located Tube





486

Barracks's Lane - Telegraph Pole

No 6. End of Lane Left Hand

Side


Table 2.6 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes (2008 to 2012)


Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) - Adjusted for Bias

2008 (Bias Adjustment

Factor = 0.91)

2009 (Bias Adjustment Factor = 0.9)


Factor = 0.88)


Factor = 0.91)


Factor = 0.87)

2 Roadside Y 89.4 78.6 79.4 78.8 66.8

3 Roadside N 38.9 38.9 46.0 36.6 37.7

4 Roadside Y 60.3 58.8 62.3 59.8 58.4

5 Roadside Y 57.8 60.3 66.6 57.2 54.6

6 Roadside Y 40.9 40.4 40.9 35.2 33.6

7 Roadside N 30.6 28.2 30.2 27.7 27.9






Factor = 0.91)



Factor = 0.88)


Factor = 0.91)


Factor = 0.87)

8 Urban Background

Y 28.2 24.1 29.8 25.7 25.6

9 Roadside Y 59.4 60.2 65.4 58.0 52.0

10 Roadside Y 65.9 60.6 68.2 62.3 58.4

11 Roadside Y 58.4 54.7 60.8 56.1 53.2

12 Roadside Y 59.7 54.2 58.2 55.2 50.8

13 Urban Background N 19.9 18.0 31.1 19.4 18.1

14 Roadside Y 44.3 39.1 47.9 44.1 43.2

15 Roadside Y 64.7 51.6 54.7 50.9 49.5

16 Roadside N 38.8 35.2 35.1 35.8 36.4

17 Roadside N 24.8 22.2 40.3 21.0 21.3


19 Roadside N 26.4 21.0 24.4 21.5 22.0

20 Roadside Y 79.1 72.1 79.0 73.2 74.7

21 Roadside Y 46.8 43.7 50.1 44.5 43.1






Factor = 0.91)



Factor = 0.88)


Factor = 0.91)


Factor = 0.87)

22 Roadside Y 61.8 62.5 68.2 58.7 55.3

23 Roadside Y 52.9 51.1 56.3 52.3 47.9

81 Urban Background Y 22.7 19.0 22.7 19.2 21.0

99 Roadside N 30.8 26.9 32.7 28.1 30.0


113 Roadside Y 52.6 56.8 53.9 55.2 51.8

123 Roadside Y 60.2 66.4 62.9 66.5 63.0

147 Roadside Y 65.2 64.3 65.6 66.4 60.6

154 Roadside Y 45.3 42.4 54.7 40.9 40.3

155 Roadside Y 52.9 57.2 47.4 52.4 46.9

156 Roadside Y 47.4 50.2 56.1 49.1 45.8

157 Roadside Y 58.7 58.5 64.9 61.8 55.9

159 Roadside Y 53.4 54.7 53.6 48.9 49.7

161 Roadside Y 48.8 48.2 52.9 47.4 41.6

163 Roadside Y 46.0 43.1 44.8 38.3 38.8






Factor = 0.91)



Factor = 0.88)


Factor = 0.91)


Factor = 0.87)

175 Roadside Y 61.8 60.4 57.9 56.3 54.7

239 Roadside Y 87.8 83.5 81.3 82.0 76.9

242 Roadside Y 65.3 72.0 80.3 75.5 73.9

254 Roadside Y 54.5 55.1 47.1 55.6 55.3

260 Roadside Y 46.3 49.2 52.9 52.8 45.8

261 Roadside Y 56.3 52.0 55.8 48.2 53.0

263 Roadside Y 48.5 46.1 43.1 38.5 35.7

295 Roadside Y 64.1 62.2 58.8 60.7 57.8

297 Roadside Y 39.5 45.3 39.1 36.7 33.6

300 Roadside Y 49.0 48.1 47.0 52.8 49.9

303 Roadside Y 50.1 54.0 55.4 52.1 48.5

305 Roadside Y 40.5 41.6 43.8 37.3 36.0

307 Roadside Y 43.4 46.4 46.6 41.5 39.5

311 Roadside N 46.0 47.4 49.2 45.3 46.7

312 Roadside Y 45.1 49.1 46.8 46.4 43.7

314 Roadside N 43.3 45.9 51.1 44.1 40.4






Factor = 0.91)



Factor = 0.88)


Factor = 0.91)


Factor = 0.87)

318 Roadside Y 103.2 98.6 102.6 95.2 90.6

320 Roadside Y 34.9 35.9 34.3 33.1 31.5

321 Other N 28.0 28.7 28.9 24.0 24.6

325 Roadside Y 49.8 53.6 51.8 53.0 49.8

363 Roadside Y 47.2 48.0 44.9 47.4 48.0

365 Roadside Y 43.0 41.6 45.4 40.3 37.4

370 Roadside Y 49.0 45.9 49.2 43.7 39.5

371 Roadside Y 53.5 49.9 57.9 47.5 47.5

373 Roadside Y 51.3 48.3 53.0 47.9 44.9

374 Roadside Y 56.0 54.8 56.2 56.2 46.8

396 Roadside N 39.1 41.1 40.4 36.3 34.7

397 Roadside N 36.8 36.7 38.4 35.9 34.0

398 Roadside N 33.6 35.3 40.1 34.9 31.8

403 Roadside Y 47.9 47.0 46.5 43.9 43.6

405 Roadside Y 57.9 62.5 57.8 58.0 53.1

406 Roadside Y 49.5 52.5 48.1 37.5 36.5






Factor = 0.91)



Factor = 0.88)


Factor = 0.91)


Factor = 0.87)

407 Roadside Y 46.2 49.4 53.9 56.5 47.3

413 Roadside Y 50.3 50.8 52.2 47.1 41.4

417 Roadside Y 47.5 46.6 51.3 45.6 44.1

418 Roadside Y 89.4 94.6 92.9 90.5 81.8

419 Roadside Y 58.5 63.8 63.2 54.7 54.1

420 Roadside Y 44.0 42.0 43.8 39.6 38.1

422 Roadside Y 41.7 43.1 43.4 41.2 39.8

423 Roadside Y 52.1 46.1 53.0 53.2 50.9

425 Roadside Y 38.7 41.5 43.3 42.2 41.4

426 Roadside Y 40.5 42.0 40.7 40.0 39.5

429 Roadside Y 54.8 58.6 60.3 57.8 57.3

436 Roadside Y 43.4 43.0 44.7 40.9 39.6

438 Kerbside Y 47.9 48.5 48.0 47.7 43.4

439 Roadside Y 43.5 44.3 41.9 40.9 40.9

441 Roadside Y 55.7 56.8 58.7 57.8 55.0

448 Roadside Y 40.0 42.1 40.6 39.9 37.6






Factor = 0.91)



Factor = 0.88)


Factor = 0.91)


Factor = 0.87)

455 Urban Background

Y 31.7 32.7 34.8 30.0 29.5

461 Roadside Y 34.0 42.7 40.2 35.9 35.5

462 Roadside Y 25.1 34.9 35.8 32.6 31.7

464 Roadside Y 46.9 42.2 39.2 38.0

466 Roadside Y 37.9 41.1 39.7 39.6

467 Roadside Y 32.4 40.7 33.4 35.1

469 Roadside Y 38.6 46.2 40.4 39.4

470 Roadside Y 35.8 43.3 39.4 39.6

472 Roadside Y 47.0 52.4 47.4 46.5

473 Roadside Y 46.1 49.2 43.1 44.6

474 Roadside Y 42.9 45.1 39.7 37.9

478 Roadside Y 42.9 38.2 36.4

479 Roadside N 34.8 32.6 33.4

482 Roadside N 35.8

483 Roadside N 38.5

484 Roadside N 40.2






Factor = 0.91)



Factor = 0.88)


Factor = 0.91)


Factor = 0.87)

485 Roadside N 41.2

486 Roadside N 41.5



Trends in NO2 Concentrations

Figure 2.7 shows trends in annual mean concentrations of NO2 as measured by a

network of roadside diffusion tubes used to represent the LTP air quality indicator.

Twenty-two tubes are used and the concentrations shown are bias adjusted. The

analysis uses default settings in the smoothTrend function in openair to derive a

trend for the data. This analysis shows that since 1999 the trajectory for ambient NO2

concentrations is stable despite efforts to reduce NO2 through the air quality action

plan. 2012 showed a continued fall from 2010 levels, which counteracts the rise

observed in 2010.



Figure 2.7 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites



Table 2.7 Tubes Outside of the AQMA Exceeding the Annual Air Quality Objective for NO2

Site Site ID

Annual Mean Concentrations (µg/m3) Action

2009 2010 2011 2012

Give Way sign

Chesterfield Rd \ Ashley Down Road St. Andrews

311 47.4 49.2 45.3 46.7

NO2 concentration at relevant receptor location is below the air quality strategy objective limit. No further action required.

Lamppost Whiteladies

Road \ Cotham Hill

Clifton

314 45.9 51.1 44.1 40.4

NO2 concentration at relevant receptor location is below the air quality strategy objective limit. No further action required

Avonmouth Road -

School Sign Opposite

Hse No 16

484

Not

Monito

red

Not

Monito

red

Not

Monito

red 40.2

Assuming that the Avonmouth Road is the main source of NO2 at the monitoring location it is concluded that concentration at relevant receptor locations is below the air quality strategy objective limit. Continued monitoring and an expansion of the tube network are proposed in order determine local influence and interaction of M5 and Avonmouth Road. This is discussed in more detail in the following section.

Avonmouth Road -

Telegraph Pole

Opposite Hse No 4

485

Not

Monito

red

Not

Monito

red

Not

Monito

red 41.2

Barracks's Lane -


End of Lane Left Hand

Side

486

Not

Monito

red

Not

Monito

red

Not

Monito

red 41.5

No relevant exposure at tube location. Purpose of monitoring location is to assess local contribution of M5 motorway to NO2 concentrations.



Chesterfield Road/Ashley Down Road

Diffusion tube 311 is located on the give way sign at a congested road junction

approximately half a metre from the kerbside. The nearest property façade is some

8.5 metres from the kerbside. The NO2 distance calculator has previously been used

to assess whether the nearby property could be at risk of exceedence of the annual

mean NO2 objective in 2009, 2010 and 2011. For all years it was concluded that the

objective would be met where relevant exposure occurred. There was a rise of 1.4

µg/m3 for the 2012 data when compared to 2011. The NO2 distance calculator results

for 2012 are summarised in Figure 2.8 below and show that the predicted

concentration at the façade of the nearest relevant receptor is below the annual

mean objective.

Figure 2.8 2012 Summary Data from NO2 Distance Calculator for Tube 311



Whiteladies Road

Diffusion tube 314 is located on a road sign on Whiteladies Road in Clifton. The

concentration of NO2 measured here in 2010 was 51 µg/m3, in 2011 it was 44.1

µg/m3 and in 2012 the annual mean has fallen to 40.4 µg/m3. The NO2 distance

calculator has been used to assess whether the nearby property could be at risk of

exceedence of the annual mean NO2 objective. The calculator showed that the

concentration at the façade breached the annual mean objective in 2010, however, in

both 2011 and 2012 concentrations had fallen sufficiently to indicate compliance with

the annual mean NO2 objective at the nearest relevant receptor location.


In 2010, in addition to the exceedence recorded at the nearest receptor to Tube 314,

an exceedence of the NO2 annual mean was recorded at a diffusion tube on

Blackboy Hill (Site ID 3), both of which are on the A4018. Locations for these tubes

are shown in Figure 2.10. The annual mean at tube 3 in 2010 was 46 µg/m3

compared with a concentration of 36.6 µg/m3 in 2011 and 37.7 µg/m3 in 2012. The

tube is located on the façade of a terrace of shops, above which are residential flats.

There is therefore no requirement to adjust for distance when considering relevant

exposure.



Figure 2.10 Location of Diffusion Tubes Sites on Whiteladies Road/ Blackboy Hill



The 2011 Detailed Assessment concluded that an extension to the central AQMA

should be made to include Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill. Bristol City Council

were planning to start the consultation process for the extension of the AQMA,

however, the 2011 data considered for both these sites in the 2012 Updating and

Screening Assessment showed that there had been a marked reduction in NO2

concentrations recorded at Tubes 314 on Whiteladies Road and Tube 3 on Blackboy

Hill in 2011 compared to 2010. The 2012 data for Tube 314 and Tube 3 confirm that

the decision in 2012 to delay the declaration of an AQMA along Whiteladies Road

was correct and that air quality along this road at locations where relevant exposure

occurs does meet air quality strategy objective limits for NO2

Over the past two years there have been a number of factors influencing traffic flows

along the A4018. Bridge Valley Road, which connects Clifton with the Portway, was

closed in March 2010 for urgent stabilisation works on the Avon Gorge. This may

have had an influence on the number of vehicles travelling on the primary alternative

route, which is Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill. Traffic count data for Site 1650,

which is very near to diffusion tube site 314, was reported in the 2012 Updating and

Screening Assessment and is shown in Figure 2.11. The data indicates a rise in

flows of HGV’s in the June 2010 count. The relatively high flow of HGV’s could have

been a causal factor in the steep rise in concentrations noted here in 2010, although

most sites in the network also saw a rise in NO2 concentrations in 2010. 2012 data

show a fall in flows of all vehicle types over 2011 levels, except for buses and

coaches, which continued to rise from the low levels recorded in 2010. Overall total

vehicle numbers have tended to remain relatively steady with a slight rise between

2010 and 2011 and a relatively sharp fall in 2012. This overall fall may be a result of

Bridge Valley Road being reopened in September 2011.

The exceedences that occurred in 2010 are likely to have been a result of a

combination of the general elevated pollutant levels in 2010 that resulted from the

meteorological conditions in that year and the changes in traffic flow that resulted

from the closure of Bridge Valley Road. The situation along this road will continue to

be monitored closely in future years to ensure that air quality strategy objective limits

for NO2 are not exceeded where relevant exposure occurs.



Figure 2.11 Chart of Relative Traffic Flows on A4018 Since 1994 by Vehicle Type

Avonmouth Road and Barrack’s Lane

Monitoring has continued around the M5 bridge over Avonmouth Road following

revocation of the AQMA here in 2008. The 2011 Detailed Assessment concluded that

consultation for the re declaration of an AQMA at Avonmouth Road should begin.

This consultation process was under way with statutory bodies; however, 2011 data,

reported in the 2012 Updating and Screening Assessment, casts some doubt over

the necessity to declare in this location. After consultation with the LAQM Heldesk it

was agreed that the declaration process could be delayed in order for additional data

to be collected.

Concentrations at relevant sites show that at one location, on the façade of 28

Avonmouth Road (tube ID 396) the annual mean concentration was at 40.4 µg/m3 in

2010. The 2011 data for this tube shows a concentration of 36.3 µg/m3 with 2012

data showing a further fall to 34.7 µg/m3. Another tube (398) at 31 Avonmouth Road

showed an exceedence of the annual mean objective in 2010 at 40.1 µg/m3 but

values for 2011 and 2012 fell to 34.9 µg/m3 and 31.8 µg/m3 respectively.

Concentrations at tube 397 continue to meet the annual objective limit for NO2.



As a result of the conclusions of the 2011 Detailed Assessment, 5 additional

monitoring locations were introduced in this area in January 2012 (tubes 482 to 486).

This has been done to in an attempt to determine whether the dominant source of

pollution in the area is the Avonmouth Road or the M5 Motorway and was carried out

in consultation with the Highways Agency. In 2012, 3 of the 5 additional diffusion

tubes recorded exceedences of the NO2 objective limit. The tubes recording

exceedences are 484, 485 and 486 at 40.2 µg/m3, 41.2 µg/m3 and 41.5 µg/m3

respectively. Recent trends at these sites are shown in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8 Diffusion Tube Results for Avonmouth Road

Site Site ID

Distance from M5

(m)

Distance from

Avonmouth Rd

Annual Mean Concentrations

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Avonmouth Rd No 28 on facia 396 23 8 39.1 41.1 40.4 36.3 34.7

facade avonmouth road underpass - house to SE

397 36 14 36.8 36.7 38.4 35.9 34.0

Avonmouth Rd No 31 on facia 398 22 13 33.6 35.3 40.1 34.9 31.8

Avonmouth Road -

Lampost (20) Opposite

Number Hse No 45

482 101 0 36.8

Avonmouth Road -

Lampost (19) Opposite Hse

No 37

483 60 0 36.8

Avonmouth Road - School Sign Opposite

Hse No 16

484 66 3 40.2



Site Site ID

Distance from M5

(m)

Distance from

Avonmouth Rd

Annual Mean Concentrations

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Avonmouth Road -

Telegraph Pole Opposite

Hse No 4

485 116 1 41.2

Barracks's Lane -


End of Lane Left Hand Side

486 21 265 41.5

A windrose for the Bristol St Paul’s AURN site is shown in Figure 2.12 which should

be representative of the wind patterns experienced at Avonmouth Road.

Figure 2.13 shows the monitoring locations of the diffusion tube sites and the annual

NO2 concentration in µg/m3 for 2012. Figure 2.14 shows the concentration trends for

sites 396, 397 and 398, which have been sites of concern on this road.



Figure 2.12 2012 Windrose for Bristol St Pauls AURN



Figure 2.13 Location of Diffusion Tube Sites at Avonmouth Road



Figure 2.14 Long Term Trends of NO2 at Avonmouth Road Diffusion Tube Sites

Tubes 484 and 485 recorded exceedences of the annual mean objective for NO2,

however, these tubes are not representative of relevant exposure. Figure 2.15 and

Figure 2.16, show distance calculator information which assumes that the main

source of NO2 for these tubes is the Avonmouth Road. These calculations show that

no exceedence of the objective limit for NO2 occurs at the relevant receptor locations.

However, the NO2 concentrations recorded at tubes 482 and 483, located in the

central reservation on Avonmouth Road, recorded 2012 NO2 levels below the

objective limit which indicates that the Avonmouth Road alone is not causing the

exceedence of the NO2 objective limits. Tube 486 confirms that the M5 is a significant

source of NO2 in the area with an exceedence being experienced here despite it

being 265m from Avonmouth Road and being located on a quiet lane which

experiences minimal traffic flow. Dispersion of pollutants in the area is likely to be

complex due to the height of the M5 motorway bridge and associated barrier that

runs along the bridge. Tube 486 is 21m from the M5, however, at this point the M5 is

at a similar height as the diffusion tube. At the point the M5 crosses Avonmouth



Road, the height of the bridge and barrier is approximately 10-12m. Results from

tubes along Avonmouth Road, suggest that there is a complex pattern of NOx

dispersion from vehicles using the M5 which may take time to ground, due to the

height of the bridge and barrier which runs along the length of the bridge. The

windrose data in Figure 2.12 indicate that monitoring sites to the south of the M5 are

more likely to be affected by pollutants from the M5 and the recorded data seems to

reflect this.



Results from the extra monitoring tubes placed at the start of 2012 show that the M5

is a significant source of NO2, however, there is still a lot of uncertainty over the

contribution that the M5 makes to NO2 concentrations at Avonmouth Road.

No exceedences of the annual mean NO2 objective limits were recorded at

Avonmouth Road at relevant receptor locations in 2012, therefore, this confirms that

the decision reached in the 2012 Updating and Screening Assessment, to postpone

the re-declaration of an AQMA at Avonmouth road is the correct one. However, in

order to gain a better understanding of the contribution to NO2 levels that the M5 and

Avonmouth Road have, it is proposed that two additional diffusion tube monitoring

locations are set up for 2014 as shown in Figure 2.17. Additional Site 1 aims to

isolate the contribution to NO2 levels from the M5 from the Avonmouth Road with

Additional Site 2 aiming to isolate the contribution of Avonmouth Road from the M5.

This approach has been discussed with the LAQM Helpdesk and has been agreed

as a sensible approach in order to improve our understanding of the situation at

Avonmouth Road.



Figure 2.17 Proposed Additional Avonmouth Diffusion Tube Locations



2.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

The Old Market site is a Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM). Data are adjusted to

gravimetric using the advised factor as described in LAQM.TG(09). The data from the

AURN site are from an FDMS enabled TEOM instrument and are therefore in

gravimetric units. Data for the AURN were downloaded from the national air quality

archive.

There are no exceedences of the annual mean or hourly mean objectives at the St

Pauls AURN site or the Old Market site. Historically concentrations for both sites and

objectives have been broadly similar. Table 2.9 and Table 2.10 summarise the data

from these two instruments from 2008 to 2012. A summary plot of data from both

sites for 2012 is shown in Figure 2.18.

Although no exceedences are reported from the monitoring data it is proposed that

the AQMA declaration for PM10 is retained as a precautionary measure. It is probable

that there are locations where concentrations could be higher than at Old Market, for

example in the city centre near the Rupert Street site where there are high flows of

buses.



Table 2.9 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective



Valid Data Capture 2012 %

Confirm Gravimetric Equivalent (Y or N/A)

Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Old Market - 213

Roadside Y 92.6 92.6 Y 22.2 19.4 19.3 21.2 17.6

AURN St. Pauls – 452

Urban Background Y 84.3 84.3 Y 20.5 18.8 20.3 23.4 18.0

Table 2.10 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective



Valid Data Capture 2012 %

Confirm Gravimetric Equivalent (Y or N/A)

Number of Daily Means > 50µg/m3

2008 2009 2010 2011 a 2012 a

Old Market - 213 Roadside Y 92.6 92.6 Y 16 4 2 8

(63.1) 3


Urban Background

Y 84.3 84.3 Y 16 7 4 13 (73.3)

8 (33)

a where data capture for full calendar year is less than 90% the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is shown in brackets.



Figure 2.18 Summary Plot of PM10 at Bristol St Pauls and Bristol Old Market 2012



2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

In the past monitoring for SO2 has been carried out at locations where there was

potential for exceedences of the objective, whether from industrial sources (Sevalco

carbon black works on Severnside), or from a heritage railway in the centre of Bristol.

These periods of monitoring showed that there were no problems that could be

identified from these sources. As no other significant sources of sulphur dioxide have

been identified no further monitoring has been carried out by the City Council. The

carbon black works at Sevalco have now closed.

In 2012 the only location where SO2 was monitored on a continuous basis was the

AURN site at Bristol St Pauls. However, monitoring at this site ceased on 23rd July

2012. Data for the 7 month monitoring period have been reported. During this

monitoring period, the maximum 15-minute average was 53 µg/m3 and the maximum

hourly concentration was 29 µg/m3. A time plot of 15 minute averages, until

23/07/2013, is shown in

Figure 2.19, which confirms that the 15 minute objective level was not exceeded

during the limited 2012 monitoring period. Figure 2.20 shows the trend in SO2

concentrations since 2007.

From this it is concluded that, unless any new industrial source or sources are

identified, there is no need for any further monitoring for SO2 in Bristol. Over recent

years, concentrations measured at Bristol St Pauls indicate that none of the

objectives for SO2 are likely to be breached in this area, and concentrations in this

area are considered to be broadly representative of the whole city, due to the lack of

any significant point sources in the city. The decision to discontinue monitoring for

SO2 at this AURN site serves to confirm these conclusions.



Table 2.9 Results of Automatic Monitoring for SO2: Comparison with Objectives




%

Number of:

15-minute Means > 266µg/m3

1-hour Means > 350µg/m3

24-hour Means > 125µg/m3

AURN St. Pauls 452

Urban Background Y 98.4 (until 23/07/13) 55.1 0 (n/a) 0 (n/a) 0 (n/a)



Figure 2.19 Time Series Plot of 15 Minute Sulphur Dioxide at Bristol St Pauls



Figure 2.20 Trend in SO2 Concentrations: Bristol St. Pauls.



2.2.4 Benzene

The monitoring network for benzene in Bristol has been reduced considerably over

the last few years because all the monitoring has shown that there are now no areas

where there may be a risk of exceeding the objectives for benzene. As a result of this

the decision was taken at the end of 2011 to discontinue benzene monitoring in

Bristol. For 2012 the only location within Bristol at which Benzene was monitored was

the national network pumped tube site at Bristol Old Market. Monitoring at this site

ceased in early October 2012. The decision to stop monitoring Benzene at this site

resulted from a network review carried out by Defra which concluded that the site

was no longer required for compliance with Directive 2008/50/EC or to provide

additional data for modelling exercises. The data to 03/10/12 are summarised in

Table 2.11. The January to September 2012 average benzene concentration at Old

Market is 0.8225 µg/m3 which is below the objective of 5µg/m3.

Table 2.11 Monthly Benzene Results for Bristol Old Market

Start Date End Date Measurement (µg/m3)

21/12/2011 04/01/2012 0.69

04/01/2012 18/01/2012 1.55

18/01/2012 01/02/2012 1.24

01/02/2012 15/02/2012 1.42

15/02/2012 29/02/2012 0.76

29/02/2012 14/03/2012 1.17

14/03/2012 28/03/2012 1.59

28/03/2012 11/04/2012 0.87

11/04/2012 25/04/2012 No Data

25/04/2012 09/05/2012 0.79

09/05/2012 23/05/2012 0.62

23/05/2012 06/06/2012 0.61

06/06/2012 20/06/2012 0.52

20/06/2012 04/07/2012 0.54

04/07/2012 18/07/2012 0.46

18/07/2012 01/08/2012 0.57



01/08/2012 15/08/2012 0.67

15/08/2012 29/08/2012 0.49

29/08/2012 12/09/2012 0.64

12/09/2012 26/09/2012 0.55

26/09/2012 03/10/2012 0.7

21/12/2011 03/10/2012 0.82

2.2.5 Other Pollutants Monitored

Ozone has been monitored at Blaise Castle House since 1997. In 2011 the monitor

was moved to the roof of the CREATE Centre (as shown in Figure 2.1) to address

site access issues. Ozone is also monitored at the Bristol St Pauls AURN site. A

summary plot of data from both ozone analysers in Bristol is provided in Figure 2.21.

Table 2.12 Summary Data for Ozone Monitoring in Bristol 2012

Site Id Location Within AQMA?

Data Capture 2012 (%)

Number of Exceedences of 100 µg/m3 (max daily 8 hour running mean

452 AURN St. Pauls Y 97.3 5

481 CREATE N 100 5



Figure 2.21 Summary Plot of 8-hour running Mean Ozone at CREATE and AURN St Pauls



2.2.6 Carbon Monoxide

The maximum 8 hour running mean concentration for the Bristol St Pauls AURN site

is presented in Table 2.13. Monitoring of carbon monoxide at this site was

discontinued on the 23rd July 2012. As a result, data capture for this site in 2012 was

only 54.5%. For the period of monitoring in 2012 concentrations were below relevant

air quality objectives.

Table 2.13 Summary Data from St Pauls Carbon Monoxide Monitor

Site ID Site Type Within

AQMA? Data Capture for

2012 %

Concentration

mgm-3 (maximum running 8 hour mean)


Urban Background Y 54.5 2.6

2.2.7 Lead

Lead has been monitored in three locations in Bristol but the two DEFRA operated

partisol instruments ceased operation in January 2011. Until 2012 Bristol City Council

operated a volume sampler at Wessex Water in Avonmouth. Lead monitoring is

largely a legacy of the presence of a zinc smelter at Avonmouth, Britannia Zinc Ltd,

which closed in 2003. A review of monitoring sites resulted in the decommissioning of

the Wessex Water site during 2012 and therefore no data is available for 2012.

2.2.8 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Bristol City Council has examined the results from monitoring in the district.

Concentrations are all below the objectives, therefore there is no need to proceed to

a Detailed Assessment.



3 New Local Developments

Only significant or major developments that have been granted permission during

2012/13 will be described in this section.

3.1 Road Traffic Sources

No major changes to the road network have occurred since the last Updating and

Screening Assessment. However, in January 2013 approval was given for a

significant redevelopment of the Memorial Ground Stadium site at Filton Avenue. The

existing football/rugby stadium is to be demolished and a 7916m2 Sainsburys

supermarket and 599 space car park constructed. The site will also contain 5 office

units and 65 residential units. The air quality assessment, carried out by WYG

Environment, that accompanied the application predicted in the opening year of 2018

that no exceedences of air quality strategy limits would occur at the sensitive

receptor locations considered. The significance of effects with respect to NO2 and

PM10 was considered to be ‘negligible’. An NO2 diffusion tube monitoring network has

been conditioned as part of the planning approval, with a financial penalty being in

place should a pre-determined NO2 threshold be met at monitoring sites on Filton

Avenue.

3.2 Other Transport Sources

No new other transport sources have been identified as a result of compiling this

Progress Report.

3.3 Industrial Sources

Industrial installations identified have been described in Section 5

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources

3.4.1 Commercial Biomass Installations

Two applications for biomass plant came forward during 2012. Both were for

Sainsbury’s stores with one being for an existing store on the Bloomfield Road Link

and the other for the proposed store at the Memorial Ground site (as outlined in

section 3.1).



The store located on the Bloomfield Road Link is located within the existing AQMA.

Emissions from this plant were assessed in an air quality assessment that

accompanied the planning application. The assessment concluded the magnitude of

change was considered to be ‘small’ to ‘imperceptible’ and the impact of significance

considered to be ‘negligible’ for both NO2 and PM10. No breaches of air quality

objectives at the sensitive receptor locations considered were predicted.

The cumulative impacts from road traffic and the biomass boiler for the proposed

development at the Memorial Stadium site were predicted to be negligible for annual

NO2 and PM10. No breaches of annual or short term air quality objectives at modelled

sensitive receptor locations were predicted.

3.4.2 Domestic Biomass Installations

The building control department was contacted and were able to provide a 2012/13

update to the data used in previous assessments for installations of solid fuel

equipment in the city. It is not stated what fuel this equipment uses, so it has been

assumed that it could burn both biomass (wood) and other solid fuel. The postcodes

of all the installations that have been notified by HETAS, the official body recognised

by government to approve solid fuel domestic heating appliances, were mapped

using GIS. A 500m grid was derived from this data and a total figure for PM10

emission per year was calculated according to the guidance in section D.1b of Box

5.8 in LAQM TG (09). The type of appliance was taken from Table 5.3 and was

assumed to be a “stove”. The PM10 emissions from this device were taken to be that

of solid smokeless fuel, as smoke control areas cover the whole of the city.

Emissions per appliance per year were therefore 6.06 Kg per year. The emissions

per 500m grid were compared with the annual PM10 emission threshold in nomogram

5.22. The 2012 maximum PM10 background concentration in Bristol from the

background maps is 19.2 µg/m3. The highest emitting grid square using the

assumptions above would be 364 Kg per year. From the nomogram, the threshold for

a 20 µg/m3 background PM10 concentration would be approximately 5500 kg PM10

per year, so the actual emissions are estimated to be well below the threshold. Even

if a stove with wood as the primary fuel were assumed for each appliance (25.84

Kg\year\appliance), the maximum grid would only emit 1550 Kg PM10 per year, still

well under the threshold.



Most of the addresses listed appear to be domestic properties. It is quite probable

that there is under – reporting of the number of properties burning solid fuel or

biomass, due to people not notifying the building control department of works to their

house to enable this. However the threshold emission rate is high enough for PM10 to

make this an insignificant concern.



Figure 3.1 Map of Individual Solid Fuel Installations and PM10 Emissions Per 500m Grid Square



3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

This review and assessment exercise has not identified any new fugitive or

uncontrolled sources.

Bristol City Council confirms that there are no new or newly identified local

developments which may have an impact on air quality within the Local Authority

area.

Bristol City Council confirms that all the following have been considered:

• Road traffic sources

• Other transport sources

• Industrial sources

• Commercial and domestic sources

• New developments with fugitive or uncontrolled sources.



4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy Bristol is the first city outside of London to have an elected mayor. A commitment has

been made by the Mayor to produce an Air Quality Strategy document by the middle

of 2014. We will work with the mayor, transport department and public health to

formulate the strategy effectively.

The Joint Local Transport Plan 3 was adopted in early 2011 and covers the period

2011 to 2026. The vision of this document is to provide an affordable, low carbon,

accessible, integrated, efficient and reliable transport network to achieve a more

competitive economy and better connected, more active and healthy communities.

The whole document can be found at the Travel+ website http://travelplus.org.uk/our-

vision/joint-local-transport-plan-3. The chapter that deals specifically with air quality

can be accessed via a link on the Bristol City Council web site

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/air-quality-action-plan-bristol. More details of the

JLTP3 can be found in Chapter 7 of this Progress Report.

http://travelplus.org.uk/our-vision/joint-local-transport-plan-3

http://travelplus.org.uk/our-vision/joint-local-transport-plan-3

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/air-quality-action-plan-bristol



5 Planning Applications 5.1 E-on Portbury Biomass Plant (09/P/1479/F2)

This is an update on the development as outlined in the 2012 Updating and

Screening Assessment. In March 2012 The Department of Energy and Climate

Change (DECC) approved this planning application although E-on are still

considering the viability of this project. If the project is approved it is predicted that it

will be operational in 2015.

5.2 Helius Energy PLC Avonmouth Biomass Plant (09/00506/K)

This is an update on the development as outlined in the 2012 Updating and

Screening Assessment. In March 2010 The Department of Energy and Climate

Change granted consent under S36 of the Electricity Act 1989 and gave deemed

planning permission for the project. Financing issues have delayed the

commencement of this project; however, a statement by Helius Energy PLC early in

2013 stated that these issues should be resolved by the end of April 2013. No

timetable for construction has been set.

5.3 SITA Waste Facility - Avonmouth

This section provides an update on the Cyclamax Ltd development as described in

the Progress Report of 2011. The development site is at the Merebank Estate,

Kingsweston Lane, Avonmouth. A planning application for the development was

submitted to Bristol City Council in April 2011 and planning permission granted in

2011. The application was accompanied by an Environmental Statement, which

included an assessment of air quality impacts from the cumulative emissions of

existing and committed developments. The statement concluded that air quality

strategy objective limits would not be exceeded. Cyclamax Ltd have since gone into

administration, however, SITA plan to continue with the development but a timetable

for this is not confirmed.



5.4 Seabank Land Investments Ltd – Seabank 3 Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

In February 2013 a scoping opinion report for a proposed Combined Cycle Gas

Turbine (CCGT) power station in Severnside was submitted for comment. The site is

in South Gloucestershire, however, the Secretary of State identified Bristol City

Council as consultation body. Seabank 3 will provide up to 1,400 MW electrical

capacity at the site. Comments with regards to the scope of the Air Quality

Assessment were provided in February 2013.

5.5 Bristol Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone

The Enterprise Zone is the West of England’s Enterprise Zone and covers 70

hectares of land surrounding Bristol Temple Meads railway station. Development

opportunities exist for over 240,000 sq m of new or refurbished space for office,

research and development, and retail as part of a wider mixed use development. As

development progresses within the site there is the potential for an increase in

vehicle movements to occur on the surrounding road network. However, the location

of the site is such that an emphasis will be placed on the use of public transport to

access the site. The development will be served by the newly electrified Great

Western Mainline and the proposed Bristol metrobus routes.



6 Air Quality Planning Policies 6.1 Planning and Air Quality Guidance

Bristol City Council publishes guidance on air quality and planning on the City

Council’s web site. This guidance is designed for planners and developers. Its main

aims are:

• To help to prevent people from being exposed to unacceptable levels of air

pollution.

• To prevent the need to designate new AQMA’s.

• To prevent an increase of pollution, particularly within AQMA’s.

• To ensure that air quality is considered appropriately in the decision making

process.

• To assist planners and developers in dealing with air quality considerations in

applications.

The guidance builds on the EPUK “Planning for Air Quality” guidance and includes

the specific local policies that affect decisions on air quality and planning. Rather

than reproducing the guidance in its entirety, a link is provided below to access the

document. http://www.bristol.gov.uk/doc/air-quality-and-planning-guide

6.2 Bristol Development Framework

6.2.1 The Core Strategy

The inspector approved the Core Strategy of the Local Development Framework

(LDF) for Bristol, known as the Bristol Development Framework, in April 2011. One of

the key elements of the spatial vision relating to air quality is quoted below:

In order to tackle congestion and air pollution, our overarching vision is for a

less car dependent city and an emphasis on walking, cycling, buses, rapid transit and rail. New detailed transport plans will be brought forward to develop this vision through to delivery.

Policy BCS23 covers pollution and is reproduced below

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/doc/air-quality-and-planning-guide



Figure 6.1 Policy BCS23 from the Core Strategy

The relevant explanatory text for air quality is reproduced below:

New development should minimise the adverse impacts of pollution through its location and design.

he impact of existing sources of pollution should also be taken into account when locating new development. New development sensitive to pollution will not be appropriate where existing sources of noise or other pollution cannot be satisfactorily mitigated. New development will also not be appropriate where it would prejudice the viability of other important land uses by reason of its sensitivity to pollution. Residential development, for example, will not usually be appropriate in locations where the presence of residential uses is likely to give rise to the imposition of undue operational constraints on existing safeguarded industrial uses that might prejudice their ability to continue operation.

Air Quality Management Areas are defined where local concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) exceed national targets. There is currently one designated Air Quality Management Area within the city, which covers the central area and major roads into the city centre. It would not be appropriate to resist all new development in such areas as they are often in the most sustainable locations. However, regard should be had to opportunities to minimise the contribution of development to airborne pollution and the impact on new development of existing airborne pollution in these areas. Diffuse pollution from development close to watercourses can be reduced through filtration and interception.



Policy Delivery

This policy will be delivered through the development management process and through the development of further policies in the Site Allocations & Development Management DPD. The council’s Air Quality Action Plan and the Joint Local Transport Plan seek to implement broad ranging measures to improve air quality in the Air Quality Management Area. This policy can contribute to delivering certain of these measures through the development management process.

Air quality monitoring will be undertaken in the Avon Gorge to assess the potential impact of development and change on the Avon Gorge Woodlands Special Area of Conservation. Any mitigation measures will be addressed in future Joint Local Transport Plans.

Targets

To improve air quality in accordance with the Air Quality Action Plan targets.

Indicators

Results of air quality monitoring as reported in the Joint Local Transport Plan progress report

Change in extent of Air Quality Management Area(s)

The Core Strategy is available online from the link below:

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Environment-Planning/Planning/planning-

policy-documents/bristol-development-framework/core-strategy.en

The policies contained in the core strategy are necessarily high – level and non –

specific. To better support decision making on individual applications a set of

supporting policies have been formulated that will complement the Core Strategy

policies. For air pollution these policies aim to describe more fully the requirements

for scheme mitigation and air quality assessment and will point to relevant guidance

to take into account.

6.3 Supporting Policies

6.3.1 Site Allocations and Development Management Policies

In January 2013 the full Council agreed a publication version of the Site Allocations

and Development Management Policies. This document has been prepared as part

of the Bristol Local Plan and is intended to support the delivery of the Core Strategy.

This Publication version was published for comments on 22nd March 2013. The

consultation period ran until 10th May 2013. Representations received need to be

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Environment-Planning/Planning/planning-policy-documents/bristol-development-framework/core-strategy.en

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Environment-Planning/Planning/planning-policy-documents/bristol-development-framework/core-strategy.en



considered before the document is adopted. Policy DM33 sets out the guidance on

air quality.

Details of the Site Allocations and Development Management Policies can be found

here http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/planning-and-building-regulations/site-

allocations-and-development-management-document

6.3.2 Bristol Central Area Plan

The Bristol Central Area Plan will guide development in the centre of the city.

Consultation on this document has recently closed. Details of the consultation

documents and the feedback received can be found here

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/planning-and-building-regulations/bristol-central-area-

plan

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/planning-and-building-regulations/site-allocations-and-development-management-document

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/planning-and-building-regulations/site-allocations-and-development-management-document

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/planning-and-building-regulations/bristol-central-area-plan

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/planning-and-building-regulations/bristol-central-area-plan



7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies Chapter Eight of the current Joint Local Transport Plan (JLTP3) summarises the

strategy for tackling poor air quality as:

• Improve air quality in the Air Quality Management Areas;

• Ensure air quality in other areas remains better than the UK and EU

standards.

In more detail the strategy focuses on:

Information, promotion, awareness and alternatives

• Raising awareness of air quality issues;

• Providing information about air quality for residents and visitors, including

those sensitive to high levels of pollution such as elderly people or asthma

sufferers;

• Reducing vehicle use by promoting more sustainable modes of transport;

• Encouraging use of lower emission vehicles;

• Promotion of ‘eco driving’ training with focus on high mileage business users

to encourage more fuel efficient driving; and

• Encouraging behavioural change.

7.1 Network management

• Urban Traffic Management and Control (UTMC) to help reduce emissions

associated with stop-start driving and prioritise more efficient modes of

transport such as buses;

• Relocating traffic queues away from areas where the air quality impact is likely

to be detrimental;

• Work with the Highways Agency through our Memorandum of Understanding

on potential air quality improvements on the motorway and trunk road network;

• Targeted parking enforcement on key radial routes to reduce delays and

congestion during peak periods; and



• Using real time information to provide early warning of road works and other

incidents to enable drivers to find alternative routes and help avoid local air

pollution hot spots.

7.2 Signing

• Better signing to direct traffic, predominantly Heavy Goods Vehicles, onto the

most appropriate routes and away from sensitive areas; and

• Use of variable message and other enhanced signing for parking to reduce

congestion caused by circulating traffic searching for parking spaces.

7.3 Partnership working

• Partnership working with operators to achieve further upgrading of the bus

fleet in the West of England;

• Increase the proportion of vehicles meeting the latest Euro standards; and

• Use developer contributions where appropriate and other sources of funding

to implement elements of Air Quality Action Plans.

7.4 Freight

• Work with the freight industry on ways and means of addressing the problem

of Heavy Goods Vehicle emissions;

• Extend freight consolidation from Bristol to Bath to reduce the number of city

centre deliveries;

• Work with the health sector on possible expansion of the consolidation centre

for health deliveries;

• Undertake a Low Emission Zone feasibility study for the Bath AQMA linked to

freight consolidation; and

• Reduce emissions from council vehicle fleets.



7.5 Major transport schemes

• Rapid transit and enhanced bus and rail services, accompanied by

improvements for pedestrians and cyclists will provide attractive alternatives to

the car helping reduce AQMA traffic levels.

7.6 Monitoring

• Continue to monitor local air quality across the whole West of England area,

principally where pollutants are close to exceeding the national target.

The table below, reproduced from JLTP3 shows how air quality measures are

integrated into the transport plan.

Figure 7.1 Integration of AQAP and JLTP measures



8 Climate Change Strategies In February 2010 Bristol City Council adopted a Climate Change and Energy Security

Framework that commits the council to partnership working to achieve the

opportunities presented by the transition to a low carbon and resilient city. This

includes CO2, energy and resilience targets for Bristol’s business/public sector,

homes and road transport, with clear accountabilities and monitoring. The

overarching targets are to cut Bristol’s CO2 emissions by 40% by 2020 and 80% by

2050, from a 2005 baseline. The most recent data is for 2009 and shows Bristol’s

CO2 emissions have reduced by 15% between 2005 and 2009. During this time there

has been a 20% reduction in per capita emissions, as Bristol’s population has grown

by 6%.

We have invested over £20 million in delivering projects including insulating homes,

installing solar electricity systems in over 30 schools, supporting 40 ‘green’

community projects and the Catalyst Community Energy Fund, adopting new low

carbon planning policy and transport plans, and improving the energy efficiency of

Council buildings.

Building on this success we have recently updated the Framework working with city

partners. The Climate Change and Energy Security Framework 2012-15 was

adopted in March 2012 and includes over 60 actions covering emissions from

buildings, transport, business and city-wide activity. The planned capital investment

contained in the Framework is approximately £450 million, mainly for transport and

energy infrastructure.



9 Implementation of Action Plans Table 9.1 provides an update on progress made on measures included within the air

quality action plan.



Table 9.1 Action Plan Progress Measure Focus Lead

Authority Planning Phase

Implementation Phase

Indicator Target annual emission reduction in the AQMA

Progress to Date Progress in last 12 months

Estimated Completion Date

Comments relating to target emission reductions

1

Area speed reduction through 20mph zones within AQMA

Progress on 20 mph zones around schools and adjacent to Showcase bus routes delivered through LTP. Draft Road Hierarchy Review proposes 20 mph speed limit in all residential areas.

Local Authorities (Bristol City Council (BCC)) / Avon and Somerset Police

2008/09 2 planned 20mph zones implemented in 2010.

Citywide 20mph limit scheduled for rollout in 6 phases over next 2years to be in place by March 2015.

No Specific Indicator- Various before and after surveys will be carried out monitoring air quality within 20mph zones, as well as on traffic speeds, road casualties and noise.

Improvement in Air Quality during pilot / reduction in vehicle emissions (NO2)

Consultation from residents and stakeholders on 2 planned inner-city pilot 20mph zones. These pilot zones were implemented in 2010 (Inner South zone in May 2010 and Inner East zone in October 2010) following assessment of these pilots, further expansion of 20mph zones is planned across the city.

Citywide plans in place following positive results showing around 70% supporting rollout citywide.

Phased implementation of 20mph planned with consultation underway began for phase 1 Sept 2012, phase 2 Jan 2013.

2 Pilot zones completed by 2011.

Citywide phased rollout estimated for completion by January 2015.

No specific target emissions reduction, but air quality monitoring was conducted on the two pilot zones. Further monitoring will be carried across the city. The effect on air quality in the pilot zones concluded to be too small to be measurable, although positive impact should be seen over time associated with modal shift.

2

Extend LTP walking strategy by studying barriers to take-up

Progress being made through LTP with an 12% increase in cycling since 2006 and 80% increase since 1998, and a 16% increase in walking last year and a 38% increase since 2001. No

Local Authorities

Bristol Walking Strategy finalised and adopted, JLTP3 Walking Supporting

JLTP3 Walking Supporting Statement 2009/10, Bristol Walking Strategy – mixture of on-going and

No Specific Indicator - measured through other indicators such as Modal Travel to School, Commuter

N/A Initial stakeholder consultation held in February 2010 on Walking Strategy for Bristol, finalised and adopted/published October 2011. Linking to Walking

Walking Strategy adopted/published October 2011, as part of walking elements of Joint Local Transport Plan 3.

JLTP3 Walking Supporting Statement, part of finalised JLTP3 document



Measure Focus Lead Authority

Planning Phase






additional AQAP measures introduced.

Statement 2009/10

planned actions Count and Quality of Life Surveys. Various other indicators used to measure success of Bristol Walking Strategy

Supporting Statement prepared as part of Joint Local Transport Plan (JLTP) 3 currently being updated.

2011 Census data recently released showed number of people walking to work in Bristol grew by 47% between 2001 & 2011.

2011-2026 published March 2010/11. Bristol Walking Strategy adopted various actions ongoing

3

Extend and improve further the planned cycling facilities in AQMA

Cycling Local Authorities (BCC and BANES)

Ongoing Ongoing JLTP3 - Cycling Trips: Increasing the number of cycling trips by 76% by 2015/16 on the 2008/09 baseline. Increases will indicate success of planned cycle facilities and use, and modal shifts from more polluting vehicle use.

N/A Pedestrian and cycle improvements incorporated into Greater Bristol Bus Network Major Scheme (GBBN) completed March 2012. £22 million Cycling City Project delivered. Project finished in March 2011 however many further cycling measures are ongoing. 2011 Census data recently released shows numbers of people cycling to work have doubled between 2001 and 2011.

Local Sustainable Transport Fund (LSTF) WEST project awarded £24 million June 2012 with various cycle promotion and infrastructure works underway, building on work already undertaken through LSTF £5 million key component project. Further cycle infrastructure works planned in and around Bristol Enterprise Zone.

Ongoing




Planning Phase






4

Expand Council green fleet/ trial new technologies

Bristol City Council maintains a large fleet of alternative fuel fleet vehicles, which includes LPG, dual fuel and hybrid vehicles. New fuels / technologies will continue to be evaluated when they become viable.

BCC Partly implemented

No Specific Indicator

New cars and vans being added annually to the Council fleet is increasing the total percentage of our on road fleet as low or ultra low emission vehicles.

5 new cars producing less than 100g CO2/km and 1 new van purchased producing only 112g CO2/km well below the EU 130g CO2/km limit for cars and 175g CO2/km for vans.

Ongoing

5

Pilot a scrappage scheme

A significant increase in vehicle scrappage rates has occurred as a result of removing untaxed vehicles through more targeted parking enforcement and police activity. Less than 3% of cars on the roads are pre-Euro 1 compared with 30% 5 years ago.

National Scrappage scheme carried out - no local scheme necessary. The impact of the national scheme locally will be assessed when data is available.

Reducing the number of older more polluting vehicles on the roads, benefiting local air quality.

6

Discuss freight transhipment centre and undertake study to cost and quantify AQ benefits

The Bristol and Bath freight consolidation scheme originally served 63 retailers in central Bristol and planned to be integrated in to the new £500m shopping centre (Cabot Circus) from September 2008.

BCC 2003/04 Bristol scheme implemented in 2005, Bristol and Bath scheme implemented in 2011

JLTP Supporting Indicator - Reducing the Concentration of NO2 in Bristol AQMA

N/A Freight Consolidation Centre now serving businesses across Bristol (including Cabot Circus, Cribbs Causeway, central and suburban areas) as well as in Bath and places in between.

Scheme serving Bristol and Bath ongoing since January 2011 with contract extended to end of 2013. Currently serving over 100 retail outlets and businesses in Bristol, Bath and

Ongoing Overall the scheme in Bristol has reduced freight movements by 380,000km leading to a reduction in NOX emissions of 3,300kg and 100kg of PM10's




Planning Phase






several places in between.

so far.

7

Proceed with LEZ feasibility study

Low Emissions Strategy study calculated that this action was not cost-effective. Work will continue to develop a strategy for managing bus emissions

Local Authorities / Bus Operators

Not Implemented

N/A LEZ proposals not continued with, however work with the local bus operator has led to the upgrade of 16 buses in the local fleet from Euro4 to Euro5 standards. Further new lower emission buses have been provided within operator fleets such as through the Green Bus Fund

BCC working with First Group to upgrade a further 20 vehicles from Euro IV to Euro V.

It is predicted that the conversion of 16 buses from Euro4 to Euro5 should save almost 2 tonnes of NOx per year.




Planning Phase






8

Travel Plans with increased incentives for schools and organisations within the AQMA

Continued progress being made on workplace travel plans through LTP and Planning process. Sustainable Schools Strategy being developed. Additional focus on school travel plans to increase the take-up rate and achieve the target of all schools having a travel plan.

Local Authorities / Schools / Employers within AQMA’s

Ongoing for new schools / employers involved

Ongoing No specific JLTP3 indicator

N/A 96% of LEA establishments now have school travel plans in place. Remaining establishments generally academies and independents outside LEA control Provision and update of travel plans now voluntary process though plans, still being updated.

Andalusia Academy in process of preparing a school travel plan.

Ongoing work to increase schools with approved travel plans within BCC authority area and across West of England area.

Under the School Travel Health Check CO2 levels are being measured.

9

Safer routes to Schools to be extended within the AQMA

SRS approach being integrated into the Health Schools initiative described in previous Travel Plans measure and delivered through LTP.

BCC and BANES

Ongoing Ongoing No Specific Indicator

N/A Programme being developed and prioritised on the basis of School Travel Plans, including zigzags reducing congestion outside schools

Expansion/ improvement of sustainable travel to school and promotional works planned and underway through LSTF key component and WEST projects.

Ongoing




Planning Phase






10

Extension of travel marketing

Continued promotion of driver behaviour materials and integration of air quality issues into wider BCC publicity and transport awareness work. Improved Air Quality web pages on Council’s web site. Real-time bus information now available on web site.

BCC / Local Authorities

Ongoing Ongoing N/A N/A General Travel Marketing work as part of LTP Smarter Choices Programme.

The level of Travel Awareness work has been increased through the resources available as part of the Cycling City Project. Further travel marketing work underway through LSTF projects.

Ongoing

11

Expand car clubs to include private developments and business clubs

The Bristol Car Club has continued to expand and now has 39 cars and 600 members. Since the pilot project ended in 2006 the club has continued to operate without Council subsidy. Growth of the club continues to be boosted by funding secured by the Council through Section 106 contributions from planning applications.

BCC Completed Bristol Car Club began operating in 2005

Membership numbers, numbers of locations / vehicles

Car Clubs in Bristol have expanded significantly in recent years.

New company Street Car Club renamed Zip Cars commenced operations in Bristol in 2010, providing element of competition and a market with existing Bristol City Car Club.

A further 23 car Club cars have been delivered on street in 2012/13. Together with a further 14 off road car club bays,

This means that 100 car club vehicles are now available across Bristol.

Further expansion is ongoing with 23 new cars and bays to be delivered in 2013/14.

Ongoing




Planning Phase






12

Speed management strategy through LTP would have additional resources targeted in AQMA

Some progress through LTP but no additional AQAP measures introduced.

Local Authorities

Ongoing Ongoing N/A N/A Support for Safety Camera Partnership

Fixed camera sites have been discontinued. Ongoing monitoring through mobile surveillance.

Ongoing

13

Extend use of SVD to buses inside AQMA and co-ordinate UTC with other measures

A strategy to clean up buses is still being considered and may result in a formal approach to the Traffic Commissioner regarding the use of new powers to regulate emissions from buses.

Bus Operators / Local Authorities / National Government

Ongoing Ongoing N/A N/A All city buses now fitted with GPS tracking. 16 buses previously upgraded from Euro IV to Euro V through work with the majority bus operator. Continuing work by local authorities with bus operators to upgrade fleets to Euro V.

Approximately 50% of Bristol buses now have Euro IV / V engines. BCC working with First Group to upgrade a further 20 vehicles from Euro IV to Euro V.

Ongoing It is predicted that the conversion of 16 buses from Euro IV to Euro V should save almost 2 tonnes of NOx per year.




Planning Phase






14

Undertake study of ‘hot-spots’ in AQMA where engineering measures feasible

Scheme being progressed to alleviate traffic problems at one of the worst polluted junctions in Bristol (adjacent to Junction 3 of M32).

BCC / Highway Agency

N/A N/A Improvements to junction 'hot-spots' ongoing.

Further junction and road improvements carried out as part of GBBN project completed March 2012 along key route corridor roads.

In 2012/13, B4466 Jacob’s Wells Rd/Triangle South Junction remodelled, with new signals and lane arrangements.

Ongoing No overall assessment of NOx, but monitoring shows congestion levels across the AQMA reduced by some 5% since 2006.




Planning Phase






15

Additional staff resources to enforce parking/delivery restrictions to ease/speed flows

Review of Council’s parking strategy and enforcement programme is completed. Targeted enforcement remains a core activity of the Council’s parking management strategy and Showcase bus route programme. Plans to introduce extensive Controlled Parking Zones are being drawn up, including Central Area Controlled Parking Zone (CPZ) extensions and Residents Parking Zones (RPZs).


Ongoing Ongoing N/A N/A Central Parking Zone extensions and Residents Parking Schemes progressing. First RPS areas operational around CPZ, and CPZ extensions by 2010. RPS’ now operational include Kingsdown, Cotham and Redcliffe, with St Phillips & Easton as well as St Pauls out for consultation.

Consultation on further RPS areas including St Phillips and Easton and St Pauls underway. Redcliffe RPS implemented 1 November 2012 and Cotham RPS implemented December 2012. The Mayor has now published plans for further RPS areas around central Bristol.

Ongoing

16

Reduced Motorways limits around AQMA

Speed limits to be reduced on southern end of M32 as part of bus lane scheme. More extensive speed limit reductions likely if further bus lanes are introduced as part of M32 Park & Ride.

BCC / Highways Agency

Ongoing for Managed Motorway project.

Partly Implemented (M32 reduced speed limits)

N/A Unknown, managed motorways project yet to be implemented emissions reductions expected post-implementation.

Reduced speed limits on M32, Managed Motorway on M5/M4 around Bristol currently underway, project under Highways Agency, completion estimated 2014.




Planning Phase






17

Air quality awareness, advice for motorists, promotion of alternative fuels, real-time pollution information

There will be an increased focus on Smarter Choices measures including information and awareness provision.

Local Authorities

Completed Ongoing No Specific Indicator: LT8: Air Quality, LTP4: Modal share of journeys to school, LTP3: Cycling Trips, LTP2: Change in Area-wide traffic mileage, LTP6: Changes in peak period flows to urban centres, LTP7: Congestion, Local 1: Rail passenger numbers, Local 2: Park and Ride passengers

N/A General Travel marketing work as part of LTP Smarter Choices Programme. Focussed work on Smarter Choices measures has been increased as part of the Cycling City Project.

Ongoing Modal shift from car and private vehicle use to public transport, and more sustainable modes such as cycling and walking will provide some indication measure of success and improvement in Air Quality within the AQMA.

18

Accelerate bus priority within the AQMA by targeting ahead of full Showcase routes

Implementation of bus priorities through LTP Showcase Bus Routes programme. Works on the A420 corridor were completed in 2007.

BCC, West of England Local Authorities

Completed First Showcase Route delivered December 2003. Ongoing through various schemes including Greater Bristol Bus Network (GBBN) works, Showcase routes, and junction and

NI177: increase in bus patronage, NI 178: Increase in proportion of buses running on time to 90% by 2014/15.

N/A The Greater Bristol Bus Network Scheme (GBBN) approved by Dft in May 2008. £70 million investment programme across Greater Bristol area now complete, to deliver 10 further showcase routes. 8 of which serve the Bristol AQMA. GBBN corridor works

£5 million secured across West of England through ‘Better Bus Fund’, which will provide significant further investment in local bus network.

Ongoing Ongoing works to upgrade and improve the bus network and services to increase patronage and modal shift from private vehicles / less sustainable modes reducing emissions and




Planning Phase






signals improvements

completed March 2012.

improving local air quality.

19

M32 bus lane and detrunking progressing through LTP and further study planned

Proposals for a new 1250m bus lane and reduced speed limits through junction 3 of the M32 are awaiting final completion of Greater Bristol Bus Network funding agreements with DfT.

Complete Complete NI178: Increase in proportion of buses running on time to 90% by 2014/15.

N/A M32 bus lane and reduced speed limits through Junction 3 completed.

Completed September 2008




Planning Phase






20

RUC key measure in LTP and could be anticipated for 2008

Major upgrade of Bristol’s UTMC system is underway including a new traffic control room, expansion of the SCOOT network and automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) and CCTV systems, which will enable better management of traffic and handling of road incidents.

BCC, Local Authorities

Ongoing Partly completed

No Specific indicator,JLTP3 supporting indicator – Measuring congestion levels on Bristol road network.

N/A Enhanced Traffic Control Centre operational September 2008. New traffic control room operational, CCTV being used for traffic management, ANPR and enforcement of bus lanes. Potential Impacts of Congestion Charging are being assessed as part of the Transport Innovation Fund (TIF) work, drawing up a possible business case covering the Central Bristol AQMA.

Enhanced enforcement on bus lanes through ANPR cameras and possible using new traffic enforcement camera car.

Ongoing




Planning Phase






21

Personalised Travel Planning (PTP)

7th PTP project completed in Bristol in 2007. The project was extended to promote the newly completed showcase bus route through a nearby area. Changing driver behaviour to reduce emissions was an integral part of this project. Previous projects have achieved around a 10% decrease in car trips among participating households. Further areas planned for 2008/09.


Completed Ongoing No Specific indicator: LTP8: Air Quality, NI167 / LTP7: Congestion, LTP6: Peak Traffic in urban centres, LTP2 Area-wide traffic levels, NI177: Bus Patronage, Local 1: Rail passengers, Local 2: Park and Ride passengers, LTP4: Modal share of journeys to school.

N/A Further PTP Projects currently underway across the North of the AQMA area.

Progress has been made through Cycling City Project covering the Redland, Bishopston and Horfield areas of the City.

Further PTP type projects are underway and planned through the LSTF projects.

Ongoing No specific NOx analysis, but PTP projects have shown a 10% decrease in car use amongst participating households.

22

Bus NOx emissions Reduction

£60,000 funding has been received from DEFRA to reconfigure the engine management software on Euro IV buses to bring them up to Euro V standard. The major partner in the project is First Group Bristol, Bath and the South West. The project aims to make sure that reconfigured busses are used within the AQMA to maximise the impacts of

BCC Completed Planned for 2012

The number of busses ‘retrofitted’ will be the main indicator used. Mileage of retrofitted busses will be supplied by the operator so that an estimate of pollutant emissions saved can be

N/A 20 vehicles to be upgraded from Euro IV to Euro V, planned completion by end of May 2013.

Completed, further project ongoing




Planning Phase






the project. made.



9.1 Priority Actions for 2013

Apart from continuing work on the outstanding items on the air quality action plan as

outlined in Table 9.1, priorities for 2013 have been identified in order to progress

action on improving air quality within the Bristol City Council area.

9.1.1 Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy

Bristol is the first city outside of London to have an elected mayor. A commitment has

been made by the Mayor to produce an Air Quality Strategy document by the middle

of 2014. Our priority will be to work with the mayor, transport department, public

health and other relevant organisation to formulate a targeted and effective strategy.

It is likely that this will be a high profile document which should further highlight the

need to effectively tackle poor air quality within Bristol to a wide audience.

9.1.2 DEFRA Air Quality Grant Application

A funding bid has been submitted to DEFRA for a number of projects that will form a

significant part of the Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy.

Project 1

We will commission a study to accurately quantify the local health impact of air

pollution in both greater Bristol (EU agglomeration) and within the city boundary. This

will use guidance from COMEAP and HPA and will be informed by local air pollution

and health data from public health colleagues where appropriate. The brief for the

study will be informed by colleagues in public health and disseminated through a

public health seminar focussed on air quality and led by the Director of Public Health

in Bristol City Council.

Project 2

We will commission an update of the 2006 Low Emissions Strategy Study, to review

the cost – effectiveness of various Low Emissions strategies, including Low

Emissions Zones and recommend short and medium-term delivery options for the

Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy.



Project 3

Given the technological advances in electric bikes (e-bikes) they now offer a viable

alternative to many trips that most people would not make by bicycle. We propose to

build on the LSTF business engagement programme and extend the successful loan

bikes to business programme to electric pool bikes.

Some elements of these plans will be dependent upon securing DEFRA funding,

however, if this funding is not awarded to Bristol, these priorities will remain and

alternative funding will be sought to complete the actions outlined.

Once the Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy has been produced and published, this

document can be used to inform an update to Bristol’s Air Quality Action Plan with

new action and targets identified in order to improve air quality in Bristol.

9.1.3 Cleaner Bus Technology Fund

An application is going to be made for further funds to retrofit the bus fleet in Bristol in

order to improve emissions from busses operating within the AQMA.



10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

In 2012 all measured pollutants continued to meet air quality strategy objective limits

with the exception of NO2. Breaches of both the long and short term limits for NO2

continue to occur at relevant receptor locations within the AQMA.

2012 monitoring results from outside of the AQMA for NO2 has shown five locations

to be over the annual mean objective of 40 µg/m3. This is an increase from two sites

that recorded exceedences in 2011, however, the three additional sites recording

exceedences are all extra monitoring sites placed near Avonmouth Road in order to

understand the NO2 pollution there more effectively and they are not located at

relevant receptor locations. Where appropriate, the distance calculator has been

used to demonstrate that concentrations of NO2 are predicted to be below objective

limits at relevant receptor locations. The 2012 Updating and Screening Assessment

recommended delaying the proposed extension of the central AQMA to include

locations along Whiteladies Road and Blackboy Hill and the planned re-declaration if

the previously revoked AQMA at Avonmouth Road. 2012 monitoring data for

Whiteladies Road, Blackboy Hill and Avonmouth Road confirm that NO2 levels in

these locations remained either similar to 2011 levels or continued with a further

marked reduction. As a result the objective limits continue to be met at the respective

relevant receptor locations. The situation at these locations will be kept under review

as subsequent monitoring data becomes available

Although no exceedences are reported from the PM10 monitoring data it is proposed

that the AQMA declaration for PM10 is retained as a precautionary measure. It is

probable that there are locations where concentrations could be higher than at the

current PM10 monitoring locations.

10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments

There are no new local developments requiring detailed assessment.



10.3 Proposed Actions

The Progress Report has not highlighted any need to progress to a detailed

assessment of any pollutant within Bristol. All recorded exceedences at locations of

relevant exposure occurred within the existing AQMA.

Given that the 2012 annual mean NO2 concentrations at relevant receptor locations

along Whiteladies Road, Blackboy Hill and at Avonmouth Road continue to meet

objective limits, the Progress Report confirms that the decision to put the process of

declaring AQMA’s in these locations on hold, was the correct one.

Two additional monitoring locations have been proposed for the Avonmouth Road

area in order to get a better understanding of the relative contribution to NO2

concentrations from Avonmouth Road and the M5.

The next course of action will be to complete the 2014 Progress Report.



11 References Bristol City Council, 2008. The Story of Place

Bristol City Council, 2010. Climate Change and Energy Security Framework

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/council-action-climate-change#jump-link-0

Bristol City Council, 2011. Bristol Residential Development Survey Report 2011.

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/land-use-development-and-planning-policy-research#jump-link-4

Bristol City Council, 2011, Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy, 2011

Bristol City Council , 2011, Air Quality Detailed Assessment

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/air-quality-bristol

Bristol City Council , 2012, Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment

Bristol City Council and The Bristol Partnership, 2012. Bristol: State of the City 2012

DEFRA, 2009. Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance: LAQM.TG(09)

HM Government, 2002. The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002. Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 3043. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3043/contents/made

Travel West Website, 2012. http://www.travelwest.info/

Travel West Website Metrobus routes http://www.travelwest.info/node/525

WYG Environment, June 2012. Sainsbury’s Supermarket Ltd, Filton Avenue, Horfield, Bristol. Proposed Redevelopment of Bristol rovers Football Club/Bristol Rugby Club Ground for ~Mixed Use Comprising a Food Store, Residential Development and Community/Commercial floor Space. Air Quality Assessment.

WYG Planning and Environment 2013. Sainsbury’s Supermarket Ltd, Proposed Biomass Boiler, Castle Court, St Phillips Causeway, Bristol, Air Quality Assessment

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/council-action-climate-change%23jump-link-0

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/land-use-development-and-planning-policy-research%23jump-link-4

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/land-use-development-and-planning-policy-research%23jump-link-4

http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/air-quality-bristol

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3043/contents/made

http://www.travelwest.info/node/525



12 Appendix A: QA \ QC 12.1 QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring

12.1.1 Precision Calculations and WASP results (NO2)

Precision calculations were undertaken for all sites in the collocation study. The

precision checks indicated a “good” precision rating for all measurement periods at

all sites except for a one month period at Wells Road where precision was classified

as poor. Data capture rates were good at five of the continuous analysers within the

network.

Summary tables from the analysers used for bias adjustment and precision

calculation are included below.

Figure A-1 Summary Data From Bias and Precision Calculation: St Pauls



Figure A-2 Summary Data From Bias and Precision Calculation: Bath Road/Arena

Figure A-3 Summary Data From Bias and Precision Calculation: Newfoundland Way



Table A-1 WASP Results for Somerset Scientific Services

WASP Results Lab 830 Round 117 onwards

Round 117 118 119 120

Tube 1 (µg NO2) 1.417 1.327 1.027 2.199

Tube 2 (µg NO2) 1.435 1.024 1.039 2.205

Tube 3 (µg NO2) 2.132 1.009 2.079 1.832

Tube 4 (µg NO2) 2.135 1.274 2.073 1.844

Spike tube 1 (µg NO2) 1.417 1.327 1.027 2.199

Spike tube 2 (µg NO2) 1.435 1.024 1.039 2.205

Spike tube 3 (µg NO2) 2.132 1.009 2.079 1.832

Spike tube 4 (µg NO2) 2.135 1.274 2.073 1.844

Z Score tube 1 0.0 1.3 0.6 1.2

Z Score tube 2 0.1 1.1 0.8 1.2

Z Score tube 3 -0.1 0.9 0.9 1.4

Z Score tube 4 -0.1 0.7 0.9 1.5

Performance classification Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory

General Classification of a ZSCORE:

Satisfactory =< +/- 2

Questionable > +/- 2 and =< +/- 3

Unsatisfactory > +/- 3

12.1.2 Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

Up until March 2012 Bristol City Council Scientific Services carried out the placement

and analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes. The laboratory was accredited to UKAS for a

variety of tests in areas such as food, consumer safety, microbiology and asbestos

but it was not accredited to UKAS for the analysis of diffusion tubes. The policy of the

lab was to seek accreditation only when absolutely necessary. This was due not only

to the expense of accreditation but also the lack of flexibility encountered in the other

areas. From March 2012 onwards, diffusion tube analysis was carried out by

Somerset Scientific Services. This lab has similar priorities in relation to UKAS



accreditation and therefore it is not accredited for diffusion tube analysis. Tube

placement is now being carried out by Bristol City Council Environment Officers.

Both laboratories participated in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency

(WASP) for nitrogen dioxide tubes. All reference materials are of at least analytical

grade or equivalent. Standards are prepared using equipment that is all within the

normal quality system. The tubes used are recycled Gradko tubes prepared and set

by both labs on a monthly basis. The tube changing frequency is as per the calendar

on the Air Quality Archive web site. The tubes are prepared with 50 µL of 20%

triethanolamine in water. The method follows that set out in the practical guidance

document.

Factor from Local Co-location Studies

The Bias Adjustment Factor (BAF) was calculated using the method outlined in

LAQM TG(09) and the spreadsheet calculators supplied online. Ratified scaled data

from BCC and national network sites were compared with annual mean raw diffusion

tube data measured as close as possible to the sample inlets of the continuous

analysers. Triplicate tubes were used for all sites. Only sites where data capture was

greater than 90% were used in the study. The summary data for each site are shown

in Table 2.1 and the data used for each co – location site are shown in the following

tables.

The bias adjustment factor for 2012 was found to be 0.87. This was a small change

from the previous years factor (0.91). The annual (2012) BAF is used when reporting

2012 diffusion tube data in this report.

Table A-2 Summary Data for 2012 Bias Adjustment Factor

Site Name Bias BAF

St Pauls 7 0.93

Arena/Bath Road 15 0.87

Newfoundland Way 24 0.81

Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use

Box 3.3 of LAQM TG09 was used in order to decide on the most appropriate BAF to

use. Bristol has a large network of automatic NOX analysers that are operated to



national QA/QC procedures. In 2012 5 of these sites recoded data capture rates of

more than 90%. After detailed analysis of data capture rates, diffusion tube data

capture rates and accuracy, 3 of these sites have been identified as appropriate to

use for bias adjustment calculations for 2012. The precision of the analysis at these

co-located triplicate tubes was classed as good The Review and Assessment

helpdesk spread sheet number 06/13 contains data from only two local authorities

using Somerset Scientific Services for their diffusion tube analysis. During 2012

diffusion tube analysis has been carried out for Bristol City Council by two different

laboratories. Due to the factors outlined above it was decided that the locally derived

BAF would be more representative and should be used.

12.2 QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring

The Council’s monitoring network is operated and run by officers trained in all

aspects of the monitoring processes including routine site operations, field

calibrations and data ratification. The QA/QC for the AURN Bristol St Pauls site is

carried out by NETCEN. This was also the case for data at the affiliated site at Bristol

Old Market until it was de-affiliated in September 2012. Sustainable City Group staff

are trained and carry out LSO duties at all the automatic sites apart from the AURN

site which, from 2009, has had LSO duties carried out by another organisation.

12.2.1 Routine site operations

The Council’s monitoring sites have a programme of routine operational checks and

programmed fortnightly site visits including:

• Daily communications checks on lines, data transfer and analyser operation;

• Daily checks of data quality;

• Repairs of faulty equipment under arrangements with outside contractors;

• Fortnightly site inspections of equipment operational status, site safety,

security and calibration checks;

• Planned six monthly servicing and re-calibration of analysers by equipment

suppliers under contract to the Council.



12.2.2 Equipment servicing and maintenance regimes

Analysers have planned maintenance schedules that broadly follow those assigned

to the AURN and affiliated site network. All analysers are maintained following

manufacturers’ instructions and have six monthly full service and re-calibration

conducted under servicing contract. During 2012 this contract was fulfilled by Enviro

Technology Ltd. For 2013 this contract was awarded to Supporting U. Results of the

servicing, calibrations and repairs are fully documented and stored centrally. Routine

maintenance of equipment is also conducted during regular fortnightly site visits

where all associated equipment such as sample lines, modem, and electrical system

are examined and sample inlet filters are changed. Any faults, repairs or changes

made to the equipment are also recorded and stored centrally and at analyser

locations.

12.2.3 Calibration methods

The calibration procedures are similar for all the Council’s continuous analysers

including the AURN affiliated site, with a two point zero/span calibration check being

performed at regular intervals of two weeks. The methodology for the calibration

procedure being derived from the manufacturers’ instruction handbooks and from the

AURN Site Operator’s Manuals, as follows:

• Pre-calibration check - the site condition and status of the analyser is recorded

prior to the zero/span check being conducted;

• Zero check – the response of the analyser to the absence of the gas being

monitored;

• Span check – the response of the analyser to the presence of the gas of a

known concentration;

• Post calibration check - the site condition and status of the analyser upon

completion of all checks.

Each analyser zero/span check is fully documented with records being kept centrally

and at the analyser locations. Calibration factors are kept on spreadsheets and used

in the scaling and ratification process.



Analyser Calibration

A two point calibration is conducted on Bristol City Council analysers with a reference

NO mixture at a concentration of approximately 470ppb. Gases are supplied and

certified by BOC.

Zero Air Generation

The contents of the portable scrubber (hopcalite, activated charcoal, purafil and

drierite) are changed when necessary or at least every six months.

12.2.4 PM Monitoring Adjustment

Data from the Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM) at Old Market is corrected by dividing

the hourly mean concentrations by 1.21 as advised in paragraph 3.39 of LAQM

TG(09). The instrument uses an unheated head.

12.2.5 Short-term to Long-term Data adjustment

Short term to long – term data adjustment was not required as data were available

for a complete calendar year for all monitoring data used in this report.



12.2.6 Data Scaling, Validation and Ratification

During 2011 a change was made to the software used to collect data from

continuous analysers. Due to issues with the resilience of the Opsis Enviman

Comvisioner software used, the data collection and processing software was

upgraded to EnvistaARM supplied by Envitech Europe Ltd.

The data are collected using the existing modem network and stored in a SQL Server

database, which is subject to the Council’s standard backup and data protection

procedures. The data are scaled and ratified on a monthly basis using the tools

provided within the EnvistaARM software.

The scaling factors are derived from the spreadsheets used by the LSO (Local Site

Operator) when fortnightly calibration visits are made. These calibration factors are

then applied using the “Edit Block” function to the NOX and NO measurements for a

given period. NO2 is then calculated by subtracting the NO readings from the NOX

readings for that period using the formula option in the “Edit Block” function. The data

are then ratified through visual inspection and appropriate adjustment. A similar

process is used for the ozone and PM10 data, although no scaling operations are

used. The data are inspected and re-ratified at the end of each calendar year.

Data are marked as “Invalid” wherever there is an irresolvable question over the

integrity of the data in a measurement period. Because two versions of the data are

maintained at all times (a “raw” and a “ratified” dataset) it is possible to

retrospectively review both datasets to provide an audit trail. This provides

confidence that data has been appropriately treated.

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