chapter 14: renaissance reformation

Chapter 14:

Renaissance

&

Reformation

RENAISSANCE

1300s - 1500

“rebirth”

Section 1: Renaissance in

Italy

Begins in Italy spreads north to EuropeWhy Italy?

New interest in Rome and its “remainders”

Cities survive the Middle Ages • North Florence, Milan, Venice, and Genoa (trade &

manufacturing

• Central Rome; South Naples cultural center

Wealthy and Powerful merchant class• stress education and achievement

• spend lots of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Florence

• Center of Renaissance

• Medici Family – richest merchant and banking

family

• gain full control government

• patron – financial supporter of the arts

What is the Renaissance?

Plague ends want order look back to

Greece and RomeHUMANISM – focus on worldly subjects not

religious; focus on intellect and education; use

ancient ideas in their world

• Individualism; Talents; adventure; curiosity

• Human experience in the here and now

PETRARCH – early Humanist collects Greek and Roman

manuscripts; write sonnets (love poems) about a woman

Renaissance Characteristics

• Religious figures portrayed in Greek and Roman style

• Everyday individuals

• Columns, arches, domes

• Shading and shadows

• Live models – more accurate human portrayal

• Perspective – distant objects are smaller to make a 3-D, realistic painting

Perspective

Vanishing

point

The Totally Masterful New Talents

TMNT

Raphael

Donatello

Michelangelo

Leonardo

Donatello

DAVID

• very Early

Renaissance

•Life - size

• Realistic

Leonardo DaVinci

• Born in 1452

• “Renaissance Man”

• Painting; Art; Anatomy; Botany;

Optics; Architecture; Music;

Engineering

The Last Supper

Mona Lisa

The Annunciation

Scientific and

Anatomical Study

INVENTOR:

Machine gun

Armored tank

Cluster bombs

Submarine

Calculator

Car

Use of solarpower

Michelangelo

• Born in 1475

• Sculptor, engineer,

painter, architect and poet

• Fresco – applying paint to

fresh plaster usually on a

wall

David Pieta

The Sistine Chapel

Garden of Eden

The Creation

Sistine Chapel: The Last

Judgement

Raphael

• Studied the works of Michelangelo and

Raphael

• Portrays tender Jesus and Madonna

School of Athens

Italian Writers

Catiglione – The Book

of the Courtier

- describes how to

act as a member

of the royal court;

describes ideal

man and woman

Machiavelli – The Prince

- guide for rulers on

how to gain and

maintain power

- looks at real rulers

- the ends justifies the

means; do not have to

keep promises

Section 2: The Renaissance

Moves North

• Begins in Flanders (near North

France)

• Spain, France, Germany, and England

begin Renaissance in 1500s

Albrecht Durer

• “German Leonardo”

• Traveled to Italy to

learn about art and

techniques(1494)

• Engravings – etch

design into metal plate

with acid and makes

prints.

• Portrays religious

upheaval.

Flemish Painters

Jan & Hubert van Eyck

- portray townspeople

and realistic images

- Develop oil paint

Pietr Bruegel

- Bright colors in portrayal of peasant life

Peter Paul Rubens

- Blends ideas of Bruegel and Italian Renaissance

Northern Humanists

• ERASMUS (Dutch)

- produces New Testament in Greek

- wants translation of Bible into

vernacular – everyday language of

ordinary people

- chief duty =be open minded and of good

will toward others

- The Praise of Folly – uses humor to show

the ignorant and immoral behavior of his

day

Thomas More

- Wants social reform

- Utopia – describes ideal society where

men and women live in peace and

harmony; everyone is educated;

- Utopian – describes an ideal society

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

- 1590-1613

- 37 plays

- Comedies (A Midsummer Night’s Dream)

- History (Richard III)

- Tragedies (Romeo and Juliet; Othello; Macbeth)

- 1,700 new words: bedroom, lonely, generous, gloomy, heartsick

CERVANTES

• Spain – early 1600s

• Don Quixote – mocks chivalry• Knight who pretends to be on an adventure

– Fights a windmill

Printing revolution

• Chinese make books first

• By 1300 –papermaking in Europe

• By 1400s –Germans invent movable type

• 1456 – Johann Gutenberg prints first Bible using movable type

Literacy Revolution

• More books = cheaper books = more

people read and write!!!!!

• Ideas spread! (ppl. are exposed to

new things for the first time)

Protestant Reformation