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Contents WELCOME ................................................................................................................. 3

GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA: 1884–1915 ........................................................ 4

Governors ........................................................................................................... 5

German South-West Africa ................................................................................. 6

Early settlements ................................................................................................. 6

Early history ........................................................................................................ 6

Rebellion against German rule and genocide of the Herero and Namaqua ........ 8

The 1915 South-West Africa Campaign ............................................................ 12

German legacy ..................................................................................................... 13

References ........................................................................................................ 13

Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 14

Further reading.................................................................................................. 14

External links ...................................................................................................... 14

German Trade ...................................................................................................... 15

Memorial in Windhoek ....................................................................................... 16

Lüderitz ............................................................................................................. 16

BOOKSHELF ........................................................................................................... 19

Swanepoel, PC: POLICE ADVENTURES IN SWA ............................................... 19

Synopsys .................................................................................................... 30

CRIME IN AFRICA ................................................................................................... 31

ZAMA-ZAMA ............................................................................................................ 31

Gauteng cops hunt for illegal miners' killers ................................................... 31

AL-NABA: ISIS ......................................................................................................... 32

15,000 fighters, 1,000 assassinations and 4,000 IEDs: How Isis publishes

annual report detailing its reign of terror across the Middle East .......................... 32

AL SHABAB ............................................................................................................. 37

Kenya tourist trade wrecked by terror fears: Numbers plummet after extremist

groups warn visitors to the country 'do so at their own peril' ................................. 37

NEW KENYA VISA REQUIREMENTS FOR SOUTH AFRICANS ............................ 42

AL QAEDA: IVORY POACHING .............................................................................. 42

UK troops sent to Kenya to help in fight against ivory poaching by Al Qaeda

terror group behind Nairobi shopping centre massacre ........................................ 42

MANDELA FRAUD................................................................................................... 45

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Mayor held for Mandela funeral fraud ............................................................. 45

INTELLIGENCE ....................................................................................................... 45

State spies can snoop on your use of Google, Facebook and Twitter: GCHQ is

allowed to monitor citizens' use of sites without warrants because they are not

based in the UK .................................................................................................... 45

TUNISIA TERROR ............................................................................................... 48

Four police officers killed in attack on Tunisia minister's home ...................... 48

POLICE MINISTER .................................................................................................. 49

What suit will police minister fill? .................................................................... 49

IN CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 52

Open Invitation to Share Knowledge .................................................................... 52

CONTACT DETAILS ................................................................................................ 52

NEXT ISSUE DUE ................................................................................................... 52

WELCOME

Welcome to this edition of the Africa Police Journal which will focus in this issue

mainly on the beginning of policing in Namibia from German colonial times to

independence.

In the months to come we will look closely at Namibia and the development of the

police in that country. The former South African Police played an important role in

the history of Namibia especially on the eve of World War Two and during the

struggle for independence when the sub-continent was drawn into the Cold War. But

that is a story for another edition.

We take a look at current events, as reported in the media, taking place in Africa:

The plunder of our natural resources, i.e. ivory and rhino horn. The elephant bull

with the biggest ivory teeth has been shot. Indeed a sad day for conservation. Africa

suffers from extremism, terror, piracy, smuggling, violence and greed. Kenya has

taken new steps to counter terror and South Africans now require visas.

We also look at the role of communication, the whole world has turned into a global

village and we look at the gathering of intelligence in Britain.

Africa is vast continent – rich in diversity and history. We are trying to complete the

picture of policing on the continent.

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GERMAN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA: 1884–1915

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia

German South West Africa or in German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika

Flag and coat of arms

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Green: German South-West Africa Dark Grey: Other German possessions Black: German Empire Note: The historical extent of German territories are depicted over present-day political borders. Capital: Windhoek (from 1891) Languages: German (official),Herero, Afrikaans, Khoekhoe Religion: Christianity, San religion Political structure: Colony

Governors

1894 – 1905: Theodor von Leutwein

1905 – 1907 Friedrich von Lindequist

1907 – 1910 Bruno von Schuckmann

1910 – 1915 Theodor Seitz

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Historical era: Scramble for Africa

Established 7 August 1884

Genocide 1904–1907

Disestablished 9 July 1915

Treaty of Versailles 1919

Area 835,100 km²(322,434 sq mi)

Currency German South West African mark

Today Namibia

German South-West Africa

German South-West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika, DSWA) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, with an area of 835,100 km², it was one and a half times the size of the mainland German Empire in Europe at the time.

In 1915, during the First World War, German South-West Africa was invaded by the Western Allies in the shape of South African and British forces. After the war its administration was taken over by the Union of South Africa (part of the British Empire) and the territory was administered as South-West Africa under a League of Nations mandate. It finally became Namibia in 1990.

Early settlements

Initial European contact with the areas which would become German South-West Africa came from traders and sailors, starting in January 1486 when Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão, possibly accompanied by Martin Behaim, landed at Cape Cross. However, for several centuries, European settlement would remain limited and temporary. In February 1805 the London Missionary Society established a small mission in Blydeverwacht, but the efforts of this group met with little success. In 1840 the London Missionary Society transferred all of its activities to the German Rhenish Missionary Society. Some of the first representatives of this organisation were Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt (who arrived in October 1842) and Carl Hugo Hahn (who arrived in December 1842). They began founding churches throughout the territory. The Rhenish missionaries had a significant impact initially on culture and dress, and then later on politics. During the same time that the Rhenish missionaries were active, merchants and farmers were establishing outposts.

Early history

On 16 November 1882 a German merchant from Bremen, Adolf Lüderitz, requested protection for a station that he planned to build in South-West Africa, from Chancellor Bismarck. Once this was granted, his employee Heinrich Vogelsang purchased land from a native chief and established a city at Angra Pequena which was renamed Lüderitz. On 24 April 1884, he placed the area under the protection of Imperial Germany to deter British encroachment. In early 1884, the Kaiserliche Marine ship SMS Nautilus visited to review the situation. A favourable report from the government, and acquiescence from the British, resulted in a visit from the SMS Leipzig and SMS Elisabeth. The German flag was finally raised in South-West Africa on 7 August 1884. The German claims on this land were confirmed during the Conference of Berlin. The indigenous peoples never held the idea of individually held land as "private property": land could never be alienated by any individual no matter what his rank, thus in their view all German land claims were fraudulent. In

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October, the newly appointed Commissioner for West Africa, Gustav Nachtigal, arrived on the SMS Möwe.[1]

In April 1885, the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft für Südwest-Afrika (German Colonial Society for Southwest Africa, known as DKGSWA) was founded with the support of German bankers (Gerson von Bleichröder, Adolph von Hansemann), industrialists (Count Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck) and politicians (Frankfurt mayor Johannes von Miquel). DKGSWA was granted monopoly rights to exploit mineral deposits.[2] The new Society soon bought the assets of Lüderitz's failing enterprises. Later, in 1908, diamonds were discovered. Thus along with gold, copper, platinum, and other minerals, diamonds became a major investment. Earlier, the colonial aim was to dispossess the indigenous peoples of their land, for use of German settlers, as well as be a source of raw materials and a market of German industrial products.[2]

Lüderitz drowned in 1886 while on an expedition to the Orange River. The company bought all of Lüderitz’ land and mining rights, following Bismarck's policy that private rather than public money should be used to develop the colonies. In May, Heinrich Ernst Göring was appointed Commissioner and established his administration at Otjimbingwe. Then, on 17 April 1886, a law creating the legal system of the colony was passed, creating a dual system with laws for Europeans and different laws for natives.[3]

Four German soldiers in a Camel-Schutztruppe patrol, in 1906.

Over the next several years relations between the Germans and indigenous peoples continued to worsen. Additionally, the British settlement at Walvis Bay as well as

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numerous small farmers and missionaries were all involved in the area. A complex web of treaties, agreements and vendettas increased the unrest in the area.

In 1888 the first group of Schutztruppen — colonial protectorate troops — arrived (they were sent secretly) to protect the base at Otjimbingwe. The Schutztruppe detachment consisted of two officers, five non-commissioned officers, and 20 black soldiers.

By the end of the year, the German commissioner Heinrich Ernst Göring was forced to flee to Walvis Bay after negotiations failed with a local tribe. Also, by the late 1880s, the South West Africa Company was nearly bankrupt and had to ask Bismarck for help and additional troops.

By 1890 the colony was declared a Crown Colony and additional troops were sent to the area.[4] At the same time the colony grew through the acquisition of the Caprivi Strip in the northeast, which promised new trade routes. This territory was acquired through the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty between Britain and Germany.[5]

Almost simultaneously, in August through September, 1892, the South West Africa Company, Ltd (SWAC) was established by the German, British, and Cape Colony governments, aided by financiers to raise the capital required in order to enlarge mineral exploitation (specifically, the Damaraland concession's copper deposit interests).

German South-West Africa was the only German colony where Germans settled in large numbers. German settlers were drawn to the colony by economic possibilities in diamond and copper mining, and especially farming.

In 1902 the colony had 200,000 inhabitants, though only 2,595 were German, 1,354 were Afrikaner, and 452 were British. By 1914, 9,000 more German settlers had arrived. There were probably around 80,000 Herero, 60,000 Ovambo, and 10,000 Nama, who were disparagingly referred to as Hottentots.

Rebellion against German rule and genocide of the Herero and Namaqua

Main article: Herero and Namaqua Genocide

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The "Christuskirche" and the "Südwest Reiter" in Windhoek

"Deutsch-Südwest" devotionalia in a shop window in Swakopmund

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Hendrik Witbooi Through 1893 and 1894, the first "Hottentot Uprising" of the Nama and their legendary leader Hendrik Witbooi occurred. The following years saw many further local uprisings against German rule. Before the Herero and Namaqua Genocide of 1904-1907, the Herero and Nama had good reasons to distrust the Germans, culminating in the Khaua-Mbandjeru Rebellion. This rebellion, in which the Germans tried to control the Khaua by seizing their property by artificially imposing European legal views of property ownership, led to the largest of the rebellions, known as the Herero Wars (or Herero Genocide) of 1904.

Remote farms were attacked, and approximately 150 German settlers were killed. The Schutztruppe of only 766 troops and native auxiliary forces was, at first, no match for the Herero. The Herero went on the offensive, sometimes surrounding Okahandja and Windhoek, and destroying the railway bridge to Osona. Additional 14,000 troops, hastened from Germany under Lieutenant General Lothar von Trotha, crushed the rebellion in the Battle of Waterberg.

Earlier von Trotha issued an ultimatum to the Herero people, denying them the right of being German subjects and ordering them to leave the country, or be killed. In order to escape, the Herero retreated into the waterless Omaheke region, a western arm of the Kalahari Desert, where many of them died of thirst. The German forces guarded every water source and were given orders to shoot any adult male Herero on sight. Only a few Herero managed to escape into neighbouring British territories.[6]

Nama POWs in 1904

The German official military report on the campaign lauded the tactics: “This bold enterprise shows up in the most brilliant light the ruthless energy of the German command in pursuing their beaten enemy. No pains, no sacrifices were spared in eliminating the last remnants of enemy resistance. Like a wounded beast the enemy

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was tracked down from one water-hole to the next, until finally he became the victim of his own environment. The arid Omaheke [desert] was to complete what the German army had begun: the extermination of the Herero nation”. [Bley, 1971: 162].

In late 1904, the Nama entered the struggles against the colonial power under their leaders Hendrik Witbooi and Jakobus Morenga, the latter often referred to as "the black Napoleon". This uprising was finally quashed during 1907 – 1908 In total, between 25,000 and 100,000 Herero, more than 10,000 Nama and 1,749 Germans died in the conflict.

After the official end of the conflict, the remaining natives, when finally released from detention, were subject to a policy of dispossession, deportation, forced labour, and racial segregation and discrimination in a system that in many ways anticipated apartheid. The genocide remains relevant to ethnic identity in independent Namibia and to relations with Germany.[7]

The Germans maintained a number of concentration camps in the colony during their war against the Herero and Nama peoples. Besides these camps the indigenous people were interned in other places. These included private businesses and government projects,[8] ships offshore,[9][10][11]

Etappenkommando in charge of supplies of prisoners to companies, private persons, etc., as well as any other materials. Concentration camps implies poor sanitation and a population density that would imply disease.[12] Prisoners were used as slave labourers in mines and railways, for use by the military or settlers.[13][14][15]

The Herero and Namaqua genocide has been recognised by the United Nations and by the German Federal Republic. At the 100th anniversary of the camp's foundation, German Minister for Economic Development and Co-operation Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul commemorated the dead on-site and apologised for the camp on behalf of Germany.[16][17] First World War[edit]

Main article: South-West Africa Campaign

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The 1915 South-West Africa Campaign

During the First World War, South African troops opened hostilities with an assault

on the Ramansdrift police station on 13 September 1914. German settlers were

transported to prison camps near Pretoria and later in Pietermaritzburg. Because of

the overwhelming superiority of the South African troops, the German Schutztruppe,

along with groups of Afrikaner volunteers fighting in the Maritz Rebellion on the

German side, offered opposition only as a delaying tactic. On 9 July 1915, Victor

Franke, the last commander of the Schutztruppe, capitulated near Khorab.

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Two members of the Schutztruppe, geography professors Fritz Jaeger and Leo Waibel, are remembered for their explorations of the northern part of German South-West Africa, which became the book Contributions to the Geography of South-West Africa (Beiträge zur Landeskunde von Südwestafrika).[18]

After the war, the territory came under the control of Britain, and then was made a South African League of Nations mandate. In 1990, the former colony became independent as Namibia, governed by the former liberation movement SWAPO.

German legacy

Many German names, buildings, and businesses still exist in the country, and about 30,000 people of German descent still live there. German is still widely used in Namibia, with the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation operating a German language radio station, while the daily newspaper Allgemeine Zeitung, founded in 1916, remains in publication.

See also

Shark Island Concentration Camp

List of colonial heads of Namibia (South-West Africa)

List of former German colonies

Postage stamps and postal history of German South-West Africa

Germans of Namibia

Research Materials: Max Planck Society Archive

Otavi Mining and Railway Company

German Kamerun

Togoland

German East Africa

References

Notes

1. Jump up^ Chronology 1884 Section

2. ^ Jump up to:a b "39-1885". Retrieved 2009-05-12.

3. Jump up^ Chronology 1886 Section

4. Jump up^ Chronology 1890 Section

5. Jump up^ "Africa". Encyclopædia Britannica 1. 1910. p. 343. Retrieved 2009-02-10.

6. Jump up^ "Michael Mann - German South-West Africa: The Genocide of the Hereros, 1904-5". Retrieved 2009-02-06.

7. Jump up^ Reinhart Kössler, and Henning Melber, "Völkermord und Gedenken: Der Genozid an den Herero und Nama in Deutsch-Südwestafrika 1904-1908," ("Genocide and memory: the genocide of the Herero and Nama in German South-West Africa, 1904-08") Jahrbuch zur Geschichte und Wirkung des Holocaust 2004: 37-75

8. Jump up^ Casper Erichsen, "The angel of death has descended violently among them: Concentration camps and prisoners-of-war in Namibia, 1904-1908," African Studies Centre, Leiden, 2005, p. 49

9. Jump up^ Erichsen, p. 23

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10. Jump up^ Erichsen, pp. 59, 111

11. Jump up^ Erichsen, p. 76

12. Jump up^ Erichsen, p. 113

13. Jump up^ Casper Erichsen, "The angel of death has descended violently among them: Concentration camps and prisoners-of-war in Namibia, 1904-1908," African Studies Centre, Leiden, 2005, p. 43

14. Jump up^ “The loads … are out of all proportion to their strength. I have often seen women and children dropping down, especially when engaged on this work, and also when carrying very heavy bags of grain, weighing from 100 to 160lbs.” Erichsen, p. 58

15. Jump up^ “Forcing women to pull carts as if they were animals was in tune with the treatment generally meted out to Herero prisoners in Lüderitz as elsewhere in the colony.” Erichsen, p 84

16. Jump up^ “Germany admits Namibia genocide,” BBC News, 14 August 2004

17. Jump up^ “Namibia - Genocide and the second Reich”

18. Jump up^ Jaeger, Fritz; Leo Waibel (1920–1921). "Contributions to the Geography of South-West Africa". World Digital Library (in German). Retrieved 2014-04-13.

Bibliography

Casper Erichsen, "The angel of death has descended violently among them": Concentration camps and prisoners-of-war in Namibia, 1904-1908, African Studies Centre, University of Leiden, 2005

Further reading

Schnee, Dr.Heinrich, (former Governor of German East Africa), German Colonisation, Past and Future - The Truth about the German Colonies, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1926.

Bullock, A.L.C., Germany's Colonial Demands, Oxford University Press, 1939.

Hillebrand, Werner. "'Certain uncertainties', or venturing progressively into colonial apologetics?" Journal of Namibian Studies, 1. 2007. pp. 73–95. Online. Accessed 17 December 2011.

Historicus Africanus: "Der 1. Weltkrieg in Deutsch-Südwestafrik 1914/15", Band I, Windhoek 2012, ISBN 978-99916-872-1-6

Historicus Africanus: "Der 1. Weltkrieg in Deutsch-Südwestafrika 1914/15", Band II, "Naulila", Windhoek 2012, ISBN 978-99916-872-3-0

Erich von Schauroth: "Liebes Väterchen...", Briefe aus dem Namaaufstand 1905-06, Windhoek 2008, ISBN 978-99945-68-29-1

Karl Waldeck: "Gut und Blut für unsern Kaiser...", Windhoek 2010, ISBN 978-99945-71-55-0

External links

Klaus Dierks' chronology of Namibia

worldstatesmen.org (Namibia)

The New Student's Reference Work/German Southwest Africa

Debie LeBeau's Development work on Namibia

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"Contributions to the Geography of South-West Africa" from 1920-21 via the World Digital Library

German Trade

All photos by Hennie Heymans:

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Memorial in Windhoek

Lüderitz

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During the First World War South Africa invaded German South West Africa and the

South African Police took part in action, it was a warrant officer of the South African

Police who hoisted the South African flag in Windhoek.

More next month about the South African invasion of south-west Africa and

the role of the police both German and South African in the territory.

BOOKSHELF

Swanepoel, PC: POLICE ADVENTURES IN SWA

One of our readers, Div de Villiers, has brought this fine booklet on the history of

policing in SWA to our attention:

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Synopsys

On 1 April 1912 two sergeants of the German Police in GSWA, Strunk and Vogler

were ambushed by two criminals outside Windhoek. The two sergeants had

travelled from Koperberg in the Khomas Hochland to collect the pay of the large

police contingent stationed there under the command of Capt Hollander.

The two criminals had heard that the Police were transporting the money and

decided to shoot both in the head so that the money would not be damaged if carried

on their body. Sgt Strunk was sick and went to Windhoek to see the doctor. He was

shot in the head and died, Sgt Vogler with a head wound managed to flee and raise

the alarm.

The two criminals were eventually apprehended they were Fidel Anton Falk and

Bruno Max Sommer. They were found guilty and sentenced to death. The Kaiser had

confirmed the death sentences and it fell upon the PWD – Public Works Dept – to

build the gallows.

32 Male inhabitants of Windhoek were summoned to attend to the execution by

hanging on 12 December 1912.

Mr Swanepoel had based the story on the German newspaper of Windhoek

called the Südwest.

The photo below appeared in the SARP dated March 1974:

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The two petty criminals who turned to murder, Falk and Sommer, who murdered Sgt

Strunk. Note they wore leg irons.

Copies of the book are obtainable from Austral Books or from Mr Swanepoel

the author. A fine read for those who understand Afrikaans and who have

either a passion for Namibia or Police history.

The death sentence is no longer in force in Namibia or in South Africa.

CRIME IN AFRICA

ZAMA-ZAMA

Gauteng cops hunt for illegal miners' killers 2014-06-23 08:13

Johannesburg - Gauteng police were on Monday looking for those responsible for the killing of eight illegal miners at a gold mine in Benoni, a spokesperson said.

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"By yesterday [Sunday] we had found eight bodies. The last two bodies were found underground," Lieutenant Colonel Lungelo Dlamini said. "At this stage the motive for the killing is unknown. All eight were shot in the upper body. The bodies have not yet been identified." According to The Citizen newspaper, the community suspects that the men were killed by a rival gang. Dlamini said there were allegations that the men were foreign nationals. On Saturday, security guards found several cartridges near the bodies at 09:00. Police were investigating a murder case. No arrests had yet been made. - SAPA

Illegal miners are known as Zam-Zama’s

AL-NABA: ISIS

15,000 fighters, 1,000 assassinations and 4,000 IEDs: How Isis

publishes annual report detailing its reign of terror across the

Middle East

The annual publication is called al-Naba, which is Arabic for 'The News'

Reports for 2012 and 2013 were analysed by Institute for the Study of War

Last year alone Isis claim to have carried out 10,000 operations in Iraq

These included assassinations, bombings, and the freeing of prisoners

Isis compile reports to attract donors and present themselves as organised

The details emerged as new information about group's funding came to light

By Tara Brady; Published: 04:50 GMT, 18 June 2014 | Updated: 07:42 GMT, 18 June 2014

The Islamist militant group Isis publishes annual reports detailing its reign of terror across the Middle East, it has been revealed. In 2013 alone, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, or ISIS, says it has carried out nearly 10,000 operations in Iraq, 1,000 assassinations, planted 4,000 improvised explosion devices and freed hundreds of radical prisoners. Isis also claims to have turned hundreds of 'apostates', and says it now has at least 15,000 fighters in its ranks. Details of the report emerged as new information about the way Isis is funded and attracts recruits came to light, with reports suggesting widespread support in South East Asia, particularly Indonesia - the country with the world’s biggest Muslim population.

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Taking no prisoners: A man is executed by fighters from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as the Al Qaeda-inspired militants continue their march towards Baghdad

Details: The Isis report uses computer-generated graphics to detail the group's reign of terror in the Middle East. This chart shows the number of explosive devices the group detonated in 2012 and 2013 The reports for 2012 and 2013 have been analysed by the U.S.-based Institute for the Study of War. It is believed Isis compiled the reports to attract potential donors and to paint a picture of a well organised military group with a clear political strategy.

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Nigel Inkster, former assistant chief of UK intelligence service MI6, told the Financial Times: 'They produce [the reports] almost like a company, with details of martyrdom operations and targets. You have a clear overlay of structure, planning and strategy to the organisation.' The documents also clearly mark out that Isis' long-term intention is to control the Sunni-populated areas of Iraq.

Numbers: Another set of graphics in the report shows the weaponry Isis now has in its possession.

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Isis claims in the 2013 report to have 15,000 fighters who have carried out 1,000 assassinations Financially, it is believed the group had already been extorting taxes from businesses in Mosul before the Isis takeover and netting about £8million. Out of the 15,000 fighters Isis has at its disposal, 12,000 of them are believed to be from outside Iraq and Syria - the majority of these from neighbouring Middle Eastern countries. However an estimated 2,000 are believed to have arrived from European countries, including Britain, with a growing number of arrivals from countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. It is from this South East Asia connection that Isis now attracts much of its funding, according to a report in Time. The claim is that, as jihadist movements in Malaysia and Indonesia weaken thanks to arrests of high-profile Islamists in the wake of the 2002 Bali bombings, extremists in South East Asia are now looking towards the conflicts in Iraq and Syria as an outlet for their anger and finances.nOver the past week, fierce fighting has erupted in the northern approaches to Baghdad as pro-government Shiite militia-men desperately clung on to the last town before the capital in the face of a lightning-quick assault by Sunni Arab militants. Meanwhile, in the west, Isis claimed it has taken control of the key border areas near Tal Afar and is rounding up Iraqi soldiers after a battle at an undisclosed location near the Syrian/Iraq border. It is part of their stated aim to mark out the frontiers of a new Islamic state, merging the Iraqi areas they now control with rebel areas in Syria to form a Caliphate.

+6

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Social media like this Twitter feed has played a huge role in recruiting members of Isis especially from overseas

The road to Baghdad: Fierce fighting is currently taking place at Baqubah, the last major city before the capital, as ISIS militants seize control of vast swathes of northern Iraq Washington has deployed some 275 military personnel to protect its embassy in Baghdad, the first time it has sent troops to Iraq since it withdrew its forces at the end of 2011 after a bloody and costly intervention launched in 2003. The jihadists have killed scores of Iraqi soldiers as they pushed their advance, including in a 'horrifying' massacre in Salaheddin province that has drawn international condemnation. Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani has called for volunteers to join the battle against the militants and thousands have signed up. More have returned home from neighbouring Syria, where they had been fighting alongside government forces against mainly Sunni rebels, a monitoring group said. However, social media has been at the forefront of the ISIS campaign. Images from the group's stronghold in the north of the country are appearing on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.

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It is also one of the reasons why the group has attracted fighters from foreign countries, including 2,000 from Europe. The Islamic State of Iraq and Greater Syria (ISIS) grew out of Al Qaeda In Iraq, a militant group that emerged in the chaos engulfing the country after the 2003 invasion. They rebranded themselves after the Syrian uprising, attracting foreign fighters and controlling areas with extreme brutality, such as beheadings and crucifixions.Iraq has been spiralling back into chaos this year after Isis first captured Fallujah then fought for control of Samarra and organised prison breaks. Yet, the world was caught by surprise last Tuesday when the fanatics seized Mosul, Iraq’s second city. Then they took Saddam Hussein’s birthplace of Tikrit and drove south towards the capital Baghdad. Read more: Selling terror: how Isis details its brutality - FT.com The ISIS Extremists Causing Havoc in Iraq Are Getting Funds and Recruits From Southeast Asia Share or comment on this article

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2661007/15-000-fighters-1-000-

assassinations-4-000-IEDs-How-Isis-publishes-annual-report-detailing-reign-terror-

Middle-East.html#ixzz34yYitkrz

Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

AL SHABAB

Kenya tourist trade wrecked by terror fears: Numbers plummet

after extremist groups warn visitors to the country 'do so at their

own peril'

80 per cent of hotel rooms reportedly empty in Mombasa, Kenya

Al Qaeda carried out two massacres in villages close to a holiday island

Terror group Al Shabab carried out a series of bomb attacks

Warned tourists they come to the country 'at their own peril'

Tour operators stopped sending travellers to the country last month

By Sean Poulter Published: 23:57 GMT, 17 June 2014 | Updated: 08:07 GMT, 18 June 2014 British tourists are turning their backs on Kenya because of the threat of terrorism. Militants linked to Al Qaeda carried out two massacres in villages close to a holiday island this week, claiming more than 60 lives. Terror group Al Shabab, which has carried out a series of recent bomb attacks, warned: ‘Kenya is now officially a war zone and any tourists visiting the country do so at their own peril.’

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Scroll down for video

Residents barricade a road as they protest against the recent killings in the village of Kibaoni. Militants linked to Al Qaeda have carried out two massacres in the area - claiming 60 lives

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+4 A man observes the remains of destroyed vehicles and buildings in the town of Mpeketoni after the area was attacked by extremists this week. Terror group Al Shabab have warned tourists they visit the country 'at their own peril' Al Shabaab gunmen kill 15 in night raid on Kenyan town Poromoko

Some tour operators, including Thomson, stopped sending travellers to Kenya in May after the first of the bombings. In a normal year, more than 180,000 Britons would travel to the East African country for its beaches, safaris and wildlife. But visitor numbers have plummeted – with up to 80 per cent of hotel rooms reportedly empty in Mombasa, the country’s second-largest city after the capital, Nairobi. Kenya’s tourist board in London has tried to play down the threats. It confirmed that gunmen had raided Majembeni village, a rural farming community about ten miles from Kenya’s coast and 40 miles south of Mokowe, where many holidaymakers take a boat to Lamu, a popular tourist spot. But a spokesman said: ‘Majembeni village has no international tourist facilities and no tourists were involved in the incident. ‘Lamu Island, one of Kenya’s primary tourist resorts, is in no way affected by this attack and neither is any other part of the Kenya coast. The majority of visitors travelling to Lamu arrive by air into the local airport.’

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Kenyan police officers patrol Mavuno villages near Mpeketoni after unidentified gunmen attacked the coastal Kenyan town. Hotels are believed to be 80 per cent empty in Mombasa, the country's second city Somali group Al Shabab confirmed it had carried out the latest attack, telling Reuters that its ‘operations in Kenya will continue’ in response to the presence of Kenyan troops in Somalia and the killing of Muslims. Spokesman Sheikh Abdiasis Abu Musab said it had raided villages around Mpeketoni, and he claimed most of those who were killed while watching a World Cup match in a hotel were police officers and wildlife wardens. Thomson said all outbound flights up to October 31 have been cancelled and anyone with a booking should contact the company.

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Kenya police observe the remains of burnt-out cars at a police station in Mpeketoni. Kenya's tourist board in London has attempted to play down the threats in a bid to save the tourism industry A spokesman added: ‘Customers will be able to amend their booking to an alternative holiday, any on sale season for either long haul or short haul destinations, as long as the holiday is booked by the end of June. ‘If the cost is less than their original holiday, they will be refunded the difference. ‘If it’s more expensive we will pay £50 per person towards the extra cost as a gesture of goodwill. ‘If we are unable to secure an alternative holiday, then a full refund will be offered.’ A spokesman for rival operator Thomas Cook said: ‘We monitor travel advice closely and are contacting the small number of customers with forward bookings to the affected areas that are travelling over the next few weeks to discuss their options. We will liaise with our experienced overseas team and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and update on changes in advice.’ Share or comment on this article

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tourist-trade-wrecked-terror-fears-Numbers-plummet-extremist-groups-

warn-visitors-country-peril.html#ixzz34ycJiDl5

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NEW KENYA VISA REQUIREMENTS FOR SOUTH AFRICANS

2014-06-17 15:00

http://www.news24.com/Travel/International/New-Kenya-visa-requirements-for-

South-Africans-20140617

AL QAEDA: IVORY POACHING

UK troops sent to Kenya to help in fight against ivory poaching by

Al Qaeda terror group behind Nairobi shopping centre massacre

25 troops from the 3rd Battalion The Rifles will be sent to Nanyuki, 160 miles north of Nairobi

They will provide training to Kenyan rangers, but will not be involved in operations against poachers

In the past year, 60 wardens and 38,000 elephants have been killed by poachers

By Ian Drury, Defence Correspondent Published: 01:05 GMT, 5 June 2014 | Updated: 06:39 GMT, 5 June 2014

British soldiers have been deployed to Kenya to join the fight to stop ivory poaching by terrorists. Extremists linked to Al Qaeda are funding their attacks by selling the valuable elephant tusks and rhino horns on the £12billion-a-year black market. Al Shabaab, the militant Islamist group behind the Westgate shopping centre massacre in Nairobi last year, is believed to be one of the key players behind the rise in poaching.

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+3 Al Shabaab, the militant Islamist group behind the Westgate shopping centre massacre (pictured) in Nairobi last year, is believed to be one of the key players behind the rise in poaching. A total of 25 troops from the 3rd Battalion The Rifles will be sent to Nanyuki, 160 miles north of Nairobi, to provide training to Kenyan rangers, but will not be involved in operations against poachers. Already in the past year, 60 wardens and 38,000 elephants have been killed by poachers as ivory prices spiral. Last year Prince William urged leaders to save ‘some of the world’s most captivating species’, and Hillary Clinton unveiled a £50million plan to tackle elephant poaching. Brigadier Duncan Francis, the Defence Attaché based in Nairobi said: ‘This is an excellent example of the British Army taking positive action on an issue that is close to many people’s hearts. ‘The soldiers involved in this training will be making an immense contribution to securing the future of some of the world’s most endangered species.’

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+3 The Kenyan government has said every rhino in the country will have a microchip implanted in its horn to help stop the trade Hillary Clinton warned that money from the wildlife crime could have funded the attack in Nairobi

In the past year, 60 wardens and 38,000 elephants have been killed by illegal poachers. Because the price of ‘blood ivory’ - illegally poached tusks – is spiralling in Africa, poaching gangs are developing fresh techniques to slaughter animals in huge numbers, such as poisoning watering holes. It is estimated that Al Shabaab can earn £400,000 a

month in the sickening trade - enough to pay their jihadists £75 a week. In a bid to quash the business, Hillary Clinton unveiled an $80million plan to tackle elephant poaching in September last year. She warned that money from the wildlife crime could have funded the attack in Nairobi plus a spate of other atrocities, a theory supported by elephant conservation groups. Rhinos are also highly prized by terrorists, with the price of single horns higher than its weight in cocaine. The horns are highly sought after in Asia, where it is used in traditional medicines. The Kenyan government has said every rhino in the country will have a microchip implanted in its horn to help stop the trade.

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MANDELA FRAUD

Mayor held for Mandela funeral fraud 2014-06-23 14:26

Buffalo City (Port Elizabeth) municipality Mayor Zukiswa Ncitha and two others have

been arrested for alleged fraud involving Nelson Mandela's memorial service.

http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Mayor-held-for-Mandela-funeral-fraud-

20140623

INTELLIGENCE

State spies can snoop on your use of Google, Facebook and

Twitter: GCHQ is allowed to monitor citizens' use of sites without

warrants because they are not based in the UK

Sites are classified as ‘external communications’

Not subject to rules that govern information posted on sites based in Britain

In these cases a targeted warrant is issued signed by a minister

Entries on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube uses information sent overseas

Data can be collected under a broader warrant not signed by a minister

By James Slack Published: 01:55 GMT, 18 June 2014 | Updated: 06:11 GMT, 18 June 2014

GCHQ is allowed to spy on British citizens’ use of Facebook, Google and Twitter without an individual warrant because the firms are based overseas, it emerged last night. To the fury of civil liberties groups, Charles Farr, the head of the Government’s Office for Security and Counter Terrorism, said the sites are classified as ‘external communications’. This means that they are not subject to the strict rules that govern information posted on websites based in Britain.

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GCHQ is allowed to spy on British citizens' use of Facebook, Google and Twitter without an individual warrant In these cases, a person’s activity will normally only be monitored if there is evidence of a link to terrorism or serious crime and a targeted warrant is issued, signed by a minister. Mr Farr said entries on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and web searches on Google – as well as webmail services such as Hotmail and Yahoo – are considered external communications because users send information overseas. Data can therefore be collected under a broader warrant not signed by a minister. The policy was revealed in papers which form part of a continuing legal battle with campaign group Privacy International (PI). PI said it ‘patronises the British people’. James Welch, of human rights group Liberty, said: ‘The security services consider that they’re entitled to read, listen to and analyse all our communications on Facebook, Google and other US-based platforms. ‘If there was any remaining doubt that our snooping laws need a radical overhaul, there can be no longer.’

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GCHQ (pictured) said all its work 'is carried out in accordance with a strict legal and policy framework' Mr Farr did not reveal the extent to which GCHQ uses its power to intercept these external communications. But, in a statement, GCHQ said all its work ‘is carried out in accordance with a strict legal and policy framework which ensures our activities are authorised, necessary and proportionate’. The rules governing the policy are contained within the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act, passed by Labour in 2000. The legal challenge, which has been brought by PI, Amnesty, Liberty and six other national civil liberties organisations, was a response to revelations made by Edward Snowden about the UK’s digital surveillance. The details contained in Snowden’s cache of documents – stolen when he worked for the US National Security Agency – led to accusations from the Guardian and others of a programme of ‘mass surveillance’. Mr Farr also revealed that, in its foreign intelligence operation, the NSA ‘touches’ approximately 1.6 per cent of the total data carried over the internet and selects 0.025 per cent of that for review. In other words, U.S. analysts – who go on to share their findings with intelligence agencies in the UK – look at only 0.00004 per cent of the world’s internet traffic. Share or comment on this article

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2660882/State-spies-snoop-use-

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48

TUNISIA TERROR

Four police officers killed in attack on Tunisia minister's home

28 MAY 2014 08:27 AFP Tunisia's interior minister's spokesperson says four officers were killed and one other was injured in a "terrorist attack" on his house in Kasserine.

Four Tunisian police officers were killed during a “terrorist” attack overnight on the home of Interior Minister Lotfi Ben Jeddou in the west-central Kasserine region, a ministerial spokesperson said on Wednesday.

It was not immediately clear who, if anyone, was in the house at the time of the attack, but the minister himself normally stays in the capital, Tunis, while his wife and children live in Kasserine.

“Four police officers were killed and another injured during a terrorist attack with Kalashnikov rifles that targeted the Kasserine home of the interior minister,” spokesperson Mohamed Ali Aroui said.

After the attack, traces of blood could be seen on the exterior walls of the house and on the ground near the building.

The assailants were hooded and arrived in a pick-up truck, a local resident said. Kasserine is situated at the foot of Mount Chaambi on a range bordering Algeria.

Arab Spring Since late 2012, security forces have been battling dozens of militants hiding out in the remote Mount Chaambi region, where eight soldiers were killed in an ambush last July.

Authorities say the militants are linked to al-Qaeda. But jihadists have not claimed the attacks that have rocked Tunisia since the 2011 Arab Spring revolution, including two foiled suicide bombings last October targeting tourist sites.

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The attack on the interior minister’s house comes during a period of relative calm in Tunisia, after a bloody 2013, with the authorities talking of an improved security situation in recent months while warning that the anti-terror struggle will be a long one.

Last year, more than 20 security personnel were killed in what the government says were “terrorism-related incidents”.

Two opposition politicians were also assassinated in separate attacks that plunged the country into crisis.

Growing threats by terrorist organisations

Last month, Tunis designated Mount Chaambi and neighbouring mountain districts a closed military zone, and warned of the growing threat posed by “terrorist organisations” based there.

Prime Minister Mehdi Jomaa insisted Sunday that the authorities were capable of “undermining the plans” of armed groups, but warned that battling jihadists would lead to as “heavy human losses as anywhere else in the world”.

Tunisia has also been wary of the growing influence of Islamists in neighbouring Libya, and fears that lawlessness there could spill across the border. – AFP

http://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-28-four-police-officers-killed-in-attack-on-tunisia-

ministers-home

POLICE MINISTER

What suit will police minister fill?

30 May 2014 00:00 Glynnis Underhill

New Minister of Police Nkosinathi Nhleko is ready to take on the 'weighty responsibility' of maintaining stability.

After being told by the Mail & Guardian that the Democratic Alliance had issued a press release with the headline “New police minister: Nkosinathi Nhleko, yet another empty suit?”, he asked what this meant.

The party said Mthethwa had evaded accountability and failed to take effective action during his term, but Nhleko said it is too soon to arrive at conclusions as far as he is concerned. “It is too early to say whether I am a empty suit or a full suit,” he chuckled.

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New Police Minister Nkosinathi Nhleko was puzzled to hear this week that he had been labelled – like his predecessor, Nathi Mthethwa – an “empty suit”.

Yet police brutality did spike in Mthethwa’s tenure, and Nhleko (49) is keenly aware of the public’s emotions around this burning issue It was on Mthethwa’s watch that police shot Andries Tatane in a service delivery protest in Ficksburg in 2011 and killed 34 people during a strike at Marikana on August 16 2012. In yet another case last year, immigrant Emidio Macia was dragged behind a police van and tortured, and subsequently died.

Pillar of stability Nhleko said policing should be one of the pillars of stability in a country undergoing reconstruction and development.

“What this means is that the institution of policing must play its designated role,” he said. “But so must each one of us as citizens play a role in bringing about a socially stable and secure society. And I think what needs to be done is to manage a mobilisation of the resource base, and all to put shoulders to the wheel to bring about the common objective of social stability.”

With crime remaining at unacceptable levels in South Africa, Nhleko knows he has inherited a tough portfolio.

He has held various government and ANC parliamentary posts, including as labour department director general and as the ANC’s chief whip in Parliament.

Although he has also served as a regional commissioner of correctional services and as head of the specialised anti-corruption unit at the department of public service and administration, he appears humbled by the “weighty responsibility” he has now been given.

Fearless fighter According to some who have worked with Nhleko, he fought fearlessly to tackle what he saw as irregularities when he was director general of labour. They said he was sidelined and moved to another department when he fell out with Labour Minister Mildred Oliphant, who has retained her post in the new Cabinet. Oliphant had told Parliament she had referred a Compensation Fund issue to the Special Investigating Unit (SIU), but Nhleko said no such investigation had been launched.

At the centre of the row in the labour department was the fact that Nhleko had launched a forensic investigation into the fund, which has received qualified audits and disclaimers for the past five years. Last year it failed to account for more than R155-million used on consultants. In trying to implement a turnaround strategy for the fund, Nhleko had already informed its head, Shadrack Mkhonto, that he planned to suspend him.

Yet according to the evidence given to the standing committee on public accounts in November last year, Oliphant claimed she had written a letter telling her director

51

general to halt the forensic investigation and lift Mkhonto’s suspension because she had referred the investigation to the SIU. Oliphant was later accused of misleading Parliament, as the SIU said it had received no such request.

Musa Zondi, the spokesperson for labour, confirmed this week that the SIU was not investigating the matter.

Nhleko said there is a “lot of interesting spin going around”.

“Firstly, there is no state institution that has made a finding that there was tender fraud, and neither has the department of labour. I was trying to address what I saw as defects in the system. But then there were people who didn’t like that and rumours started. There was no tender awarded. I didn’t stop it, but it was stopped by the relevant minister at the time [Oliphant]. The question that needs to be asked is this: If there was anything that I did wrong, then what did they do about it?”

Following the upheaval in the labour department, Nhleko was seconded in November last year to the compliance department in the office of Lindiwe Sisulu, then minister of public service and administration.

Shaik accusations He was also accused of advocating for the release of President Jacob Zuma’s former financial adviser, Schabir Shaik, from prison, but he dismissed this as untrue. “Those that know will understand that it is not a decision that will be made by a regional commissioner in the correctional services department. It is a matter that is considered by an independent parole board, which reports to correctional services,” he said. “I always get blamed for Mr Shaik’s parole but I don’t know why, because I was not even on the parole board.”

Asked whether he thought he would work well with the national police commissioner, Riah Phiyega, Nhleko said he had more than 25 years’ experience of managing people and expected no problems.

Ironically, it was Nhleko who was widely tipped to replace Bheki Cele as commissioner, but Phiyega was appointed instead.

Nhleko has a master’s in leadership and change management from Leeds University in the United Kingdom.

He matriculated at Amangwe High School in Empangeni in KwaZulu-Natal, and was active in student politics. “You went to school but the next day you were locked up by the police.” The instability in the country had affected his academic performance, he said, as it had for many of the youth fighting an unjust system.

http://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-29-what-suit-will-police-minister-fill

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IN CONCLUSION

Open Invitation to Share Knowledge

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increase circulation.

We need your help as an expert correspondent in your country. Please take the time

to submit an article for publishing.

Note, we are not interested in religious or political matters but only policing, police

history and an exchange of ideas.

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