apostila arqueologia

02. O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO ESTUDO DA ARQUEOLOGIA........................................... ......... .......5
A. FASE DAS PEREGRINAÇÕES:.......................................................................................................................5 B. FASE DOS CAÇADORES DE TESOUROS (181018!0":..................................................................................# C. FASE DA ARQUEOLOGIA CIENTÍFICA:.........................................................................................................$
4. DIL+'IO.....................................................................................................................................................1* 5. A TORRE DE BABEL E O !AI DE NAÇ"ES#.......................................................................... .......... .14
a. A "i!a!e !e Abraão 1r !os "al!e,s................................................................................................#9 b. A 7ere2rinação !e Abraão..................................................................................................................#9
1. A DOMINAÇ)O DOS %ICSOS...................................................................................................................... . ISRAEL NO EGITO......................................................................................................................................

a. A prisão !e <os+...................................................................................................................................** b. A =nvesti!,ra !e <os+...........................................................................................................................*> c. A Fo)e no E2ito..................................................................................................................................*>
*. O ,-ODO...................................................................................................................................................* a. A ata !o [email protected]o!o..................................................................................................................................*> b. A # inastia......................................................................................................................................*4
*. CIDADES CONQUISTADAS..........................................................................................................................$ a. <eric...................................................................................................................................................*8 b. Ai..........................................................................................................................................................*
c. Bet 0an.............................................................................................................................................*!. (aCor...................................................................................................................................................*
1. R EINO U NIDO............................................................................................................................................! a. 7erío!o !e 0a,l....................................................................................................................................*9 b. 7erío!o !e avi...................................................................................................................................*9 c. 7erío!o !e 0alo)ão.............................................................................................................................*9
8/17/2019 Apostila Arqueologia
ARC%AIOS (/" 2 ANTIGO
LOGOS (3" 2 ESTUDO
S/367 936;7 <= ><?3< 6;36< 3>[email protected]<. C;=7 ;
6<<67 6>36 = =/ <3;336.
D 6/ D+)),/ + A,*)//( II /*.67 = </>= = 93>/ 66
%3</36 R67 = H ;3 A7+((, + R(:. D6 <6 /67 T*,,+/ III /*.67 </>= 6 = 93>/ 66 %3</36 6
G/H36. N /97 9 36 = <=6 /6 /66 6 A7+((, G*,.
N I /*( < ;<=,( >(/[email protected]/ 6=/ 93>/ %3</36 I</697 [email protected] ; ?=9
/33;69 / ; A7+((, + I/+.
D 6/ 3<<7 63/6< = ARQUEOLOGIA O ESTUDO DE
VESTÍGIOS DE CIVILIAÇ"ES ANTIGAS E TAMBM DAS INTE!RETAÇ"ES DESSAS CIVILIAÇ"ES.
B. ;()-+/ + E/-(
a. Fontes Gerais:
J EK<6<: < ><?3< 6;3< </>6< </ 6 <=/?3 6 T//6.
EK<.: 9<7 @3=/6 (//<"7 3/3<7 ;=;<.
J P6/369; /<: <7 /3;369;7 /=?;6< 36<.
J T69; /<: < ><?3< <//6<. N< 6<7 < < 6;<
<//6;:
/< 936: (/3;369" />66 9 /6;</ 6/36 9 >;.
/= >=9;36.
;</= T99: = T99 H =6 ;6;6 6/333697 /<=96 6 ;</= =6
36 </ 6< /=?;6< =/6 36.
b. Fontes Especiais:
S ;< = 6/<;6 </36<. O< 63/< < 39<7 = 6=3;6< 6/3967
/63;<7 63/<7 6<.
E =3< 6<<7 6H 66/ 3;</3< 6/< ;=;<. %6>36 6H < OSTRACOM7 = /6 /6;< /367 /3;369;7
/6 ;6<7 [email protected]< / <<6< /< 6/6 ;3;6/ 69=;< =;<.
O< =;< 63< 6;3< < < !A!IROS. E;/ <<<7 < 63< 6;3< = <
; 66 3100 .C. /6 </3< 9 ; ASSA.
O< !ERGAMINOS < 63< /;<7 <; [email protected]< /33/6; 9<
!-((:+/ +: 250 .C. P/ </ =/7 /6 6/<7 =6; = =; ;
3;6 >69367 /6 /[email protected] 666;< = 6>36 <3 </3 6;/3/;.
A<<37 = /63; 6<<6>6 6 < 66/ !ALIM!SESTO.
C. A I:?(-F)*, ( E/-( A7+((, ? BH,
6. A A/=936 =6 6< 3</36/69 6 /96 ?93.
. A A/=936 9;6 /96 3</3 6 B?936.
. O< =;< 6/=93< </3< 6< 3>[email protected]< 6<<66<7 </> 6/6
6=K3936/ 6 3;//6/ K ?93.
. O< /96< 6/=93<7 /6;</6 < /96< ?93<7 >;< 3;<
/H3.
A. ;/+ / !++,)J+/
E/6 =6 6< = < </36 9=6/< 6/=93< = <6/6<7 6;6< 9
< >/7 ;/ 9=6/ (//3;6<".
E<6 6< = ;6 H6 I:?+( C()/-)-,)( = <3=96>6 6 >3<36
9=6/< <6/6<.
++) :K+ + C()/-)-,)( 3;33= =3< 9=6/< <6/6<7 < ;;=6
;3/6 < /=3< 6 H67 ;/ 9<7 C,,( + >+/: + E/H,( + C+/,
2$0340 .C.6.
5
E=<H3 C<6/H367 </>= =6 /6 666 ONOMASTICON7 ; 9
/963;= 1000 )(:+/ + +/ /(/ 696/<7 9<7 36<7 .7 < =63< 6
A/=936 /;6 ;3/= 63< 6 6.
D=/6; /? M(=,:+)-( M(:+-)( 6< //3;6< 33;=7 6<
6=;6 ; ?+(( / C/.
E 1404 36936; CIRÍACO DE !IICOLLI >36= 96 P69<3;67 @ =6
9 <3<36 < 6 6;336. P/ << 3;/<< 9 H ;3 / 69=;<
!, A7+((,.
E 1550 = /6;< 66 >EAN ;ABRI >36= P69<3;6 /6/= =
<= <9 /9> 69<3;7 3;36; >/3< 9=6/< <6/6<.
E 1$48 !IETRO DELLA VALLE = 36936;7 >36= 96 P69<3;6 =/6; 10
6;<7 6< <<6 >367 </>= = /96 < 9=6/< 6/=93< ;3=96:
VIAGGIO DE !IETRO DELLA VALLE IL !EREGRINO.
E 1800 INCELMAN /[email protected] <6>6< ;6 P69<3;67 </> 69=;< 9=6/<
6/=93<7 E VERDADEIRAMENTE CONSIDERADO O !AI DA
ARQUEOLOGIA#.
B. ;/+ (/ C(+/ + T+/((/ 181018906
N<6 6<7 < </3;< 6/=93< /6 <3=96< =;36; 9 >69/ /369 < 66<.
E;/ < /33/< < ;;/6< 9>6< 6/6 E=/67 < 6 !EDRA
ROSETA7 ;;/66 ; E37 ;6 36 R<67 9 KH/3 N69. E<<6 /6
;3;6 * 3;</3<7 ;6< <=3;< 9?;=6<:
J %3/93
J D3
J G/ L>66 F/6;67 3 <=66 / CAM!OLION ;RANÇOIS. E9 = ;36
/7 69= </ 3/= 3 ;= = 6< =6< ;<6;< /6
<96;<. N= 63;6 = ; REI !TOLOMEU ;//6>6 6< ;<6;< =
<6< /6 =3>69;<.
E;/ 1811 + 181%7 CLAUDIUS RIS ;;/= 6/6>H< <6>6< 6 ANTIGA
BABILPNIA. E</>= =6 /6 666 MEMRIAS SOBRE AS RUÍNAS DA
BABILPNIA.
!RSIA.
E 1842 !AUL EMILE BOTTA </3= NÍNIVE. C ; ;<=36 </3/
63< ;66 ; <?3 6 A;36 N?;3>7 = 6 <6>6/ 63< 6 N/7 ;= 969 66
ORSADABE </3= !ALCIO DO REI SARGÃO II %30 .C.6.
E 1845 AUSTEN LAARD7 ;3;== 6 <6>6/ N?;3>7 ;;/= /6;
6< !ALCIO DE ASSURBANI!AL III. 18507 <= 6=K3936/ ORMU
RASAN7 ;;/= 66 = />9=3;= 6 A/=936:
A BIBLIOTECA DE ASSURBANI!AL III *(: *+* + 18 20 :, (*:+)-(/.
E 18%17 3 ;;/66 6 !EDRA MOABITA.
C. ;/+ A7+((, C,+)-,*
:-(( + :+,K( / ?,F:,+/ + GI.
[email protected] 6H <6>6< ;6 P69<3;6 ; <=9 6 P69<3;6 SERABIT EL
ADEN7 ;;/= ><?3< H+-( ?,:,-,=( = //<; 6 *+* + 1800 .
C.7 //=6; 6 3H36 = 696 3 /36 9< ;?3< 3200 .C.7 96/6;
6/6 />6/ = M3<H< > ;3< 9;6< / </>/ <=< /<3>< 93>/< ?93<
*+* + 1400 .C.6. N E37 9 =;= 6 ESCOLA BRITNICA DE ARQUEOLOGIA.
D3< 6/=9< 3;9<< 6/36/6 :-(( + +/*=J+/ + +/--,,
=+-,* ;RAN BLISS E G. MAALISTER. E<69/6 6H = :-(( ?
-K( + *+F:,*/.
/*( ''. E9 /3;= 6 *()((, ( +/+)=(=,:+)-( / *+F:,*/.
CARLESCLERMONT GANNAU H 3;336 +/*(H,( !EDRA MOABITA.
C. GARSTANG @ = <= </ +/+)=(=,:+)-( / )/ /+:-,*/.
NELSON GLUE <;>9>= = H 6/6 3;336/ ?+((/ + (*?K(
( A)-,( !,:( O,+)-+.
<6>6<.
!ROTOISTRIA
PERÍODOS DURAÇ)O P699?3 P/6 B/=6 M<9?3 P/6 C/66 4000V *100 6.C.
N9?3 P/6 L6>/66 C699?3 P/6 P936
Início da Civilização em 3100 a.C. com os Sm!rios" #esopot$mios" etc.
ISTRIA
P/333>
P6/36/69
9<
F//
I
100!00 R3; U;3 I</69 +936< D3;6<36<
IH/3 N>
I</69
A<<?/3:
X I+ /;93.
X C- <;>9>3; =9=/69 ( ASD H = >< =<6/. EK.: C=9=/6
F// III".
1. D+/*(H,:+)-( + N),=+
Gn. #$:## F=;66 / NINRODE7 <;; C NH. E96 /;=<
3/6; ; /? ?(+- >ONAS. T6H = 6 </ =6 6< 6363<
IM!RIO ASSÍRIO7 =/6; /? SARGÃO II %22%05 .C.6. E /;=< Y;36
6369 ; /? SENAQUERIBE %05$81 .C.6
C= 6 <9;/ ; /? TIGLAT!ILESER 3 [email protected] ; /?
ASSURBANI!AL $$9$2$ .C.6.
D3< << /?7 <= 9?;3 3 /3. F3 </=?6 $12 .C. 9< KH/3< NABO!OLASSAR.
. Escavaç/es
E 1820 CLAUDIUS RIS7 @ = 66 6 /3 R,( T,+7 ; 9 <6=
=6< 93;6<:
J N3=;;=<
J Z=[=;3\3 O< ;63>< 6 /3 /963;6 6 93;6 N3=;;=< ?(+- >ONAS.
E 18427 /6;< !AUL EMILLE BOTTA 3;336 <6>6< ;6 93;6
UUNDII7 </3; /=?;6< =6 36 ; 6< ;<3/= 3/6;<7
66;;= < /669<.
E 1845 AUSTERN LAARD7 = 3;9<7 ;3;=6 6< <6>6<7 ;;/6
!ALCIO DE ASSURBANI!AL.
E 1850 <= 6<<3<; ORMU RASAN7 ;;/= 6 BIBLIOTECA DE
ASSURBANI!AL *(: *+* + 20 :, (*:+)-(/ -H,)@/ + ,6.
J TIAMAT =<6 3;3;6 =6< <6966<
s dois 'eram diversos deses 4e casam mita desordem.
A<= /<9> / <<6 /[email protected] </=?9<. C;=7 = < =<< 66 EA
</ 96; 66 A<=.
T366 ;7 33 >3;6/ 6/37 /H < <@3;6. P6/6 3<<7 96 /36 =/<
=<<. E<<< =/< =<< < 93/6< / INGU.
EA / <=6 >@7 /36 M6/=\ 6/6 93/6/ < /9<.
A< 6696< 3;3363< < 6>/>3< 6 Z3;= 36; 3<<7 M6/=\ H ;6 R+, (/
+/+/. E R3 < =<<7 9 //6 6 Z3;=.
M6/=\ ; 6 6< <=3;< 63=<:
T366 H 3>336 =6< 6/<:
X P6/ S=/3/: M6/=\ /36 6< </96<7 S9 6 L=6.
X P6/ I;/3/: M6/=\ /36 =;.
Q=6; 6 Z3;=7 3 96. S= <6;= H 3<=/6 H( M6/=\ /36
OMEM.
A< / /36 7 R+?(/( D,=,)+7 6<<3 /3;6 R96.
O=/6 >/< << R96 H 666: ATARASIS.
N 3;69 <H=9 6<<67 <=/3/6 /?3< 6 B?936 = 3>=96/6
!ANBABILONISMO ;3;6; = 6 B?936 H <39<; 36 6< 3936<
639W;36<. C;=7 </> 6< 3/;6< ; =6/ 663K:
R+-( BH,Z),*( R+-( BH,*( 1. P93?< K6/6 1. +;3 D=< M;?< . D=<< /63< . D=< E/; I/69
*. C/36 6 6/3/ 6H/36 /K3<; *. C/36 6 6/3/ NADA 4. D=<< /< 9336< 4. D=< TP/<
E por 4e a semel5ança entre ambos6
D3< D39Y>37 R96 6 C/36 <6/36 3;6. A< 6 T// B697 /H7
6 <6/6 < /=< H;3<7 /96 3 666 6< ;>< 63;<7 69/6 ;6
<=6 <<;36.
N6 V+/K( ATARASIS7 < = /=;3=< = C()/[email protected]( + D+/+/7 = /<9>=
/36/ 7 6/6/?<36< 3>3;6<. P6/6 3<<7 = =< H <6/336 INGU.
N< R96 66/ =6 /6< =3 3;/<<6;7 < 6 /963;6/< K
?93:
89e o pin'ar do se san'e nos prii4e...;
A =<6 NINTU 3<=/6 <6;= Z3;= 6//7 /6; .
EK3< =/ R96 6 C/36 7 66: MITO DE ADA!A.
E< R96 ;;/6< </3 4 -,[((/. N6 B3936 A<<=/6;369 /6
;;/6< * 39<. O 4\ -,[(( 3 ;;/6 ;6< R)/ ( !ALCIO DO ;ARA
AENATEN. A 6369 R3; << F6/6 /6 T+ + AMARNA.
O R96 [email protected] = ADA!A 3 /36 = <3=<7 /6;7 /69. A9H
</ = <3=<7 9 /6 S*+(-+ + !+/*(. U 36 >; = </6>6 >3/= 6
6/6 A66. E9 3= =/3< =/= 6< 6<6< >;.
S; 6<<37 >; ; 36 </6/ =/6; $ 36<. O =< ANU 66 A667 3<
; <= <=6 63=. A66 3;6 = ;<93/ //: =< EA. E< /3;=
6 ; / ; / ;66 = A;= 9 /<<. A66 397 /3= /3;
693;< 36< / 6/ A;=.
M6<7 = =/ =< 3<< 6 A66 = 9 6>36 <3 97 /= 6>36 /36 6
36 36 6 3/6936. S=6 >36 6<<= 6 </ </3; 6;Y<36.
B. A C,K( [email protected]+
EK3< = 39 = 696 6 /6 6 =9/ /H7 < =3 6667
/3/6.
C;=7 ;6< = ; 6 =9/ H NINTI ] : *(/-+#.
E 19%5 ISSEMAN 63/= = << ; <3;336 : + 7+: ?(*++ =,#.
1
=,.#
4. D,W=,(
O R96 D39Y>3 ;;/6< 12 -,[((/7 6H 6 B3936 A<<=/6;369.
R ; : A E!O!IA DE GILGAMES.
N R96 G396<7 9 H ^* =< 1^* =6;. EK3< = =; 6;3
= 63/6 = = 69 G396< 3 R+, + U^ . P/H7 ; < <6 < H <
G396< /96 393.
O R96 393 [email protected] = / 69= 3> //= +/ ENIDO. P/ <<
///.
G396< ; 6<<6 6 =<6/ 6 ;()-+ I:(-,+7 ;<<6 =<6 9 6/6><<6
M G)+ ( M M(-+7 6=K3936 / =6 =9/</; 666 SINDRA.
E; 9 < ;;/6 UTNA!IST N(6 < 9 ;6 < /;= 3/69:
U;63< H =;36 9< =<< 6 </=3 < < </< >3>>;<. O< =<<
3/6 6 U;63< 6/6 ;</=3/ =6 6/6 [email protected]; 30 :, *+/-(/ + [email protected] L
6< 9 ;/= ;6 6/67 = 6 >/. A =>6 3 /6; /7 = < =<< =3/6 6/6 H= ANU < /3<.
A =<6 ASATAR /3= 6; 6>/7 < /3< 6 / 6/. D3<
/3;66 6 =>67 U;63< 3= $ 36< ;/ 6 6/6. E;=6; <> 6937 <9= 1
67 1 6;/3;6 3;69; 1 />.
O /> ; >9= 63<. M63< 6/7 6 6/6 /6;= </ =6 ;6;6.
A< 69=;< 36<7 6< =6< 63K6/67 U;63< /= = <6/3?37 = < =<<
66//6 <6< 6/6 ;<=3/ <6/3?3. N<<6 </ +/ ENLIL 66/ 36 <6/66 9 6 U3;63< <6/
>3> 63;6. P/ 3<<7 /=;6:
P/ = U;63<3 < >3> < /;3 = < < </< >3>< << </=?<V
N<< 3;<6; <=/ +/ EA = <=/ 6 E;939 = 3/6936 6 U;63<.
E;939 63= 6 <=<.
5. A TORRE DE BABEL E O !AI DE NAÇ"ES#
1. A T(+ + BH+ E B639W;36 /[email protected]/6< <6>6< / ROBERT OLDEE ;/ 1900
1915. E;/ <=< 66<7 < =6 966/6 !0 . A= 6H =6< /6< 66
=6 ;; =6 3;</3:
J =/6 N6=;</ (#05 5$ 6.C."
A 3;</3 N696<<6/ [email protected] <=3;: M6/=\ /;= = 6 T//
;/6=36 >/36 </ /;</=?67 3< 6;< K3<36 3 </=?6. A 3;</3 N6=;</ [email protected] <=3;: P6/6 = ETEMENANI (; 6
<.
N 6; 458 .C.7 !, ,/-, ERDOTO7 >3<36 B639W;36 </ 6<
/=?;6< 6 T// E;6;\3 / 69=6 /[email protected] 9 63/6 = <6 T// <6>6 <6 /
8 ?,F:,+/ +/*()+/ 9 </> 6H 6 69=/6 6< 3/3<:
1_. **
_. 18
8_. 15 (T+:?( + M^6
%/ 63/6 = <6 T// 3 ;</=?6 ;6 R+,K( + S,)+. E 6/ 6
B?936:
G<n. 10:10 ( N3;/ =;= =6 36 ;6 96;?3 S3;6/
G<n. 11:= ( T// ;</=?6 ;6 96;?3 S3;6/
E>3;36< /3</6 = <<6 T// 3 </=?6 3>/<6< >@<7 = < /33/<
/3</< 3;36 = R+, TUULTI NINURTA 2100 .C.6 3 /33/ 6 </=?96.
F3 <=3 63;6 /:
S6/ II (000 6.C."
A<<=/6;369 (#!! 6.C."
C3/ /</>=
a. * F!rtil Crescente
,:?(-)-+/:
b. Cltras #esopot$micas
D3>336 6:
NX S=/ (<=/36;<" C;/X A6 (6636;<"
SX S=/ (<=/36;<"
O3;X A=//= (<36<"
O/3;X E96 (9636<"
E<<6< =9=/6< <=<3<3/6 3100 2000 .C.7 <66//6 96;
<=/3; I:?,( A//,( 1800 $12 .C.6. O IH/3 A<<?/3 3 <=<3=? 9
I:?,( N+(BH,Z),*( $12 538 .C.6.
c. Síria: Cltra >'arítica - >'arit ?+as([email protected]
C=9=/6 F;?36X T3/ S3
C=9=/6 S?/36X A/6 (N/"7 B39<
d. )alestina
G/636; H /66 / 4 +,J+/ N 6 S.
D (N"→ 40 \→ B/<6 (S"
M3//; (L"→ 110 \→ / (O"
J P96;?3 M6/?36:
A/
S66/36
J P96;?3 M;6;<6:
B6<
a. Características
U6 6< /33/6< =9=/6< 6 %3</36 6 C3>[email protected] H 6 C=9=/6 S=/36;6. E96
=6>6 S M+/(?(-F:,. E9< 66>6 <= //3/3 +),7 ;3;6>6
6 9?;=6 E:+,. E 6 <3 //3< ;3;6>6< SG, 2 C66 P/67 96 693/6 6/6 /6< 6=;6;<.
A A/=936 </3= ;6=96 /3 =6 666 = 6/<;6 693/< >/36<
36< <=/36;6<. E<<6 666 H 666 >+:+- N/.
P/ = 9< =;6/6 6;6< 36<V
1. A=; 6 =96
. O 6Y=9 /[email protected]<
*. A 3;>; 6 </36 ?a 7istAria sA começa 4ando o 5omem começa a [email protected]
:
/6 3/36: N 6/ 9/6<7 6< <37 <;< (; 96/<".
6/6/< 9/3<: ; /; 6 = 696. U <; = =6 ;<6.
b. s +eis *ntedilvianos
E;;/=< =6 /6 /6 /3<67 ;6 36 N,?? << /3<6
,=,)(/.
O=/6 /96 6 ;6//63>6 ?9367 H 6 <=3;: C36< >/;66< / /3<
<=/36;<:
L66/\
O< /3< 6;39=>36;< 3;6 <= /? >/; =/6; 396/< 6;<. O /3
= >/;= ;< 7 @ =/6; 1 39 6;<7 ;=6; = = 63< >/;=
@ =/6; 50 39 6;<. P/H7 ;<< 6<7 6 696>/6 )( ; ;3 6=69 </36
=6;6; 3<<?>9.
O /33/ /3 <6 93<6 66< ALILU Y93 UBARTUTTU. E<
Y93 / <3 U3;63<3 (NH" 6 3</36 D39Y>3. E<<< >/;6< >/;6>6
1$
6=K?93 </< /+:,,=,)(/ ;3< : A!ALLU. O /33/ A\699=7
66>6< UANNAADA!!A7 = ;36; = >/ A ?93.
4. O !, + M,-/ NJ+/
a. * Cidade de *braão ( 1r !os "al!e,s
U/7 <=; 6 %3</367 ; =6 K3<;36 /963;66 /? 6/36/69.
E 18507 . . LO;TUS7 >3<3= ; S=9 6 M<367 =6 93;6 666 T+ +
M7XX. A93 ;;/= 6< /=?;6< =6 // 3366 39<. E<<6 // /6 =
,-+. E 185$7 RALINSON7 ;=6 6< <=3;6< < a3=/67 ;;/= =6
3;</3 NH(),( 55$538 .C.6. E<<6 3;</3 [email protected]:
bE<6 T// /; 6 UR NAMUc
E 19187 . OOLE /[email protected] <6>6< ; T999 9 M=6[[6/ = = 63<
3<6; UH,. E U63 9 ;;/6 //;36< 6 36 U/7 6H 6 3;36
6 !,:+, D,)/-, + U = 66 3000 .C. A *_ D3;6<36 H =<6; 6 U/ N6=
(00 6.C.".
b. * )ere'rinação de *braão
F3 ;;/66 =6 3;=/6 B+),/)7 = 36 6/ R,( N,( 6 400 \
6 <=9 6 36 C,(. N<< <; < ;;/6 6 3=/6 = /= <36<
>3<36; E37 = < 93/6< / = 66 ABSA 2 =3>69; 6
A/6 ?93 2 1800 .C.7 = =<6; //<; 6 /? A/6.
$. O !ERÍODO !ATRIARCAL
1. D(*:+)-(/ R+*,()(/ C(: ( !+(( !-,*
U < 63< 3/6;< =;< << P/? H CAdi'o do +ei 7ammrabi"
de 1&%0 a.C.
J L3< L33 I<6/
J L3< 6 C36 [email protected]@3 (/6 18 39 =;<"
J L3< 6 C36 M6/3 (/6 5 39 =;<"
2. O D+/*(H,:+)-( + M,
E 19337 = /6 =?; ;;/= =6 <=6 < 66 ;=6 /3 666
T+ ,,7 6 N/ E=/6<.
U 6/=9 /6;<7 A) !(-7 / 6=<6 <6 <=67 3;336 <6>6< ;
T9 %6/3/3 ;;/6; 3< T9<:
J U 36 6 =< D6;: ;9 6>36 =6 93<6 < =<< 6=9 9=6/.
J O=/ 36 =<6 I<6/: ;9 6>36 =6 93<6 < /3< 6=9 9=6/. E/6 ;<
<36<.
E 19347 ;6 ;3;=36 6< <6>6< ; T9 I<6/7 ;;/=< =6
3;</37 ;96 ; 6 36: M,.
O=/< </3;<:
J T9 N3;;[email protected]: ;;/=< 9=;6< /67 696/< = 9/6>6 =6
3>3;6: M//[email protected] (3;9=;36 3</6936 /? 6<6<36". J T9 D6;: ;;/=< 9=;6< 63/67 <?9< 6/6 6/67
666< A/@+,: (3;9=;36 3</6936 /? 6<6<36".
J P693 a3;R3I9=: 3 ;;/6 = 6/=3> /6 5 39 =;<7
/3</< 6 /6 6/36/69.
O< 6/=9< <66 =6 K/<< 96 =69 6/36 = > M6/3 < 3;336>6 < 3</6936<:
ene Bamini 2 B;63 bF39 S=9c
3. C(/-:+/ !-,*,/
J P//36: /6 3;693;>9 69 63/ 3/;36.
1!
J S3<6 A: O //3/3 =36< //6<7 < 39<7 /36 66/ = /3/.
E<< /3/ /36 </:
X P6/;
O 66 >/36 </>3/ 6 ; ;/9 = <=96; 3;. A
//36 /6 6/66 / terains: 8deses da propriedade; .
A 6 /6 </36 ;= 397 < /6 96 ;6 ;/66 6 36.
b. ocmento de *doção
=;:
[email protected],@I7 66 = > 66 [email protected]+),)). E97 >367 / =6 / 6
/6;6. C;=7 < S=/36I9= 3>/ = 39 //37 < 39 / =6 /
=9366 S;3;;6 36 ] 9=6/.
S;3;;6 / <<6 =6 > 666 +,:N,).
S Z93N3;= ; 3><< 39<7 96 < >/36 /=/6/ =/6 =9/ 6/6 /
39< S;3;;6 <<6 =9/ >/36 </ 6 T+ + L, K/<< = <3;336 b6< </>6<c.
P/ =/ 967 6 L+, )\ 1$3 + ::H, 63/6>6 = <<6 6 ; /3<6>6
</ ;<<6/36; =6 b</>6c /36 </ 6?9367 = =/6 =69=/ ;3.
c. * *doção da Serva da Esposa
A ;3;=36 D=; A [email protected]: P/ 6<3 6<6; Z93N3;=7 96 / </>67 6 > :?.
S Z93N3;= ; 3>/ 39<7 S;3;;6 / 39< d6966.
% = =; = /66 6 6 . N< =; < <3=96 =
e=99= H /3/7 69 9 > 693;6/ ><3/ 6 <= <;/ 6H 6 <=6 /. A< 6
/7 e=99= / 6 //6 < ?9< = //<;6>6 6 /6;6. e=99= 6>36 <3 66 / N/@_,.
EK3< ! =/< 39< ; < /963;6 6 //36 < ?9< (/63;<".
%. ISRAEL NO EGITO E O &'ODO
1. A D(:,)K( (/ ,*/(/
M)[email protected](7 <6/ S+H),-(/7 = >3>= 6/K366; 40 6.C.7 @ =6
/96 6 %3</36 E37 3>33;6 96< D3;6<36< < >/;6;<7 [email protected]; 30
D,)/-,/ 6 .
A 1_ D3;6<36 = 6/6 M+)+/7 //<; 6 3100 .C. F3 /33/
6/6 ?3 6 =;3/ A-( + ( B,( E,-(. S=; M6;7 6 %3</36 6 ;<
/?. S=; 6 %3</367 < >/;6;< 6 1_ 1_ D3;6<36<7 /6 ?3<.
N6 1*_ D3;6<36 //= 6 3;>6< < S+:,-/7 = /6 66< ,^_
(/_+ >/;6;< //6< </6;3/6<.
M63< 6/7 < /< 66/6 < 3;>6</< ,*/(/.
O< 3<<7 /33/6;7 < 6/6/6 A9 E3 (6/K366; 1$58 6.C.".
A 14_ D3;6<36 ; 3 ?3<7 6< 3<<. D=/6; <6 D3;6<367 9< <
6/6/6 M+)[email protected],/7 ; B63K E3. E9< =;6/6 6 6369 A=,/. N<6 6369
<69/6 //3/3 G<;7 = H ;3 6=69; , T:,-.
J A/ C=9=/69:
O< 3<< 9>6/6 6/6 E3 6>697 3< 66<7 <667 6//< =//67
;</= /336<7 96< ;6< 936<.
a. * prisão de Dos!
A A/=936 </3= = P63/ ;6< /=?;6< E+)-,)7 = < ;;/6 ; M/+ ( B((^,). N< 63/ =6 93<6 /3<3;3/< ; < <3;6< <K7
6 367 6 /33;6936 6 <;;6 66 =.
N >/< < =;7 ;;/6< $! ;< /3<3;3/<7 [email protected]; = <
<< < </>< = /6; <;/ E3. 40 ;< 66/ =;6; <=6<
=;<. % K9< /3<<< : / 6 6<67 < 63/<7 <
3/<.
b. * Investidra de Dos!
F3 ;;/66 =6 3;=/6 =6 6< 6/< 693 6/6 S+-, I 1308
1290 .C.6. N<6 3;=/67 6/6 66/ 96; =6 //; =/ = </63/7
9; V,,.
c. * Fome no E'ito
O <; 6/6 < ?3< /6 =6 ;<6 3>3;6. P<<3>9;7 3 / <6 /[email protected] = D=< = = <; 6 6/6.
A >66 /6 //<;6 3>3;6 =< (/ 3;6 66 >66. O /3 N39
/6 //<;6 9 3 = <3;336>6 =< 6 /3936. O =< O/,,/ 3;6 66
3. EK3< = =; </3 9 6/6 D[(/+ 2%00 .C.67 ; =69 9 [email protected]:
bM= /6 < /3<... <<6<... /3 N39 < 33;7 < /=< < =< <
/63< < <6<<<.c
O 6/6 S+-, II 1210 1195 .C.6 3K= = =; = 6=/[email protected] <;/ B+W (= <<3>9; /6 M6"7 6 ;/6/ ; E3 6/6 /6/ /63<.
3. O &((
a. * ata do odo
R=/< ?93: 1 R+,/ $1 2 C;</= T9 S69. I;33= ; 4] 6;
/3;6 S69 ` 9%0 .C. 480 ] 1%0 a.C.

F9>3 <=< ;3;6 </ 6 H6 6/6 R:// +: 1200 .C. C;= 6 1_
66 H 63< <;<66.
F3 </ = 63/ ?3 66 A)/-/,7 = <=; < 6/=9<
//<; 6 <H=9 -III 6 -I' 6.C. N9 =6 / 6/6 6/36/ 39< = 63<
6/ = 6<37 3;36;:
bP/[email protected] < ;Y/ 39<...c
P9 = < </>67 < 63/ ; //<; 6 /? ,K7 3< 66 100
6;< 63< 6/. S/36 =/< </6><.
b. * 1&H inastia
:(/+ 3;33= 6 K=9< < 3<< ;6 1$_ D3;6<36. D3< Z6< 66/
A:(/+7 = <<3>9; << <= 39. A< 3 6 18_ D3;6<36 3 = /3;= 6
K=9< < 3<<. R3;= 15$5 154$ .C.
F3 <=3 / A:+)@(-+?7 39 A<7 = /3;= 1553 1532. A<
6H > =6 396 666 A:(/+.
Scessão )atrilinear : H 6 <=<< 6/6>H< 39.
Scessão #atrilinear : H 6 <=<< 6/6>H< 6 3967 6< = >/;6 H <<.
T-:/ I7 << A<7 3 6/6 1532 150$ .C. T=H< > =6 ;=3;6 666 M-)(+-+.
D T=H< I A< ;6<= -/@+?/@-. %6<<= 6<=< T-:/ II
39 T=H< I M=;/. T=H< II /3;= 1508 1504 .C.
%6<<= 6<<=3= 9=6/ <<7 / < </ 3;39 6/6 >/;6/7 /3;=
1504 1482 .C.
N+++7 396 T=H< II %6<<=7 6<=< T-:/ III7 = /6 39
T=H< II =6 ;=3;6. T=H< III /3;= 1482 1450 .C. A:+)@(-+? II7 39 N/=/ T=H< III7 /3;= 1450 1425 .C.7 <= 397
T-:/ IV /3;= 1425 1412 .C.
X &(. 18→ A< < ;< K 2 bO 6/6 = ; ;36 <Hc.
X &(. 111→ E< 6/6 </36 A; I 2 bO 6/6 6 693c.
T-:/ I→ 6/6 / /. &(. 122 X N6<3; M3<H<.
-/@+?/@-→ 3/6 M3<H< N39. &(. 25 X P/3;<6.
*
→ M// <= 637 T=H< I7 96 33;=3 6 6/6 /669.
&(. 225
&(. 223 X O 6/6 //. P/>6>9; < 6/6 ;6 <3 %6<<=. A A/=936 </3= P693
%6<<= ;6 36 D+, + [email protected],7 / 6 36 L( )-, [email protected]+H/6. N6<
9=;6< < 6937 </6< = %6<<= 3 6/6. A< 3;</3< 6H 3;36
= 96 >/;6>6 < 6 /3;6 = <3 66 S+)M-. E9 /6
;/ 6 6367 3;/6936 (K9/6 3;6<".
E A-(/ %227 6 B?936 ;3;6 = M(,// 3 ;/ 6 3;36 E3.
S; 6<<37 />6>9; %6<<= 3/= M3<H< 6< =6<7 <<3>9; S;
M= 3 /6; 3;</=/ M3<H<.
&(. 1428 X O 6/6 <=96 ;6< =6< M6/ '/9.
P/>6>9; ;6 <3 T=H< III7 6/6 /? 6< /66<.
P96 A/=9367 <6< = T=H< III7 /6 = /6; ;</=/. A9H 3<<7
93/= 1# 66;6< 6/6 ;=3<6 //3/3<.
4. A R(- ( &((
A B?936 63/6 = ,K 6/3= = 9=6/ 66 R:+/+/. &(. 123%6. A
A/=936 ;;/= = 969 66 !R:+/+/ ) *(,) + Q)-,. I;33=<
= 9=6/ 66 S*(-+ = < ;;/6 ; +-+:( + , T:,-. E<<6 /3 <
</ =6 93;6 666 T+ + M/77-.
&(. 142 X A6/ ; !,(-+ D</3=< = 6;69 6 <=3; 3;</3: RT. C ; /63 /6 ;
K3< >63<7 69>@ <6 [email protected] 969 3;36 ;6 B?936. N<<6 /3 K3< =6
// = H 3;3366 ;: MGTL. E< //<; 6 M,-(7 36 ;6 B?936.
a. Filistes
%3</36;7 < >< = //6 M6/ E=. S 6/36 = 6/336/6
6 G+ + T,7 6< 3<<7 6/6><<6/6 M3//; 6/6 6 C6;67
<=36 3;>63/6 E,-( /*/. 'IV 'II .C.6.
E9< /6 66< 9< ?3< !++/@+- ?(=(/ ( :. P/ <<6 H67 <
?3< K=9<6/6 < 393<=< << 6<<6/6 6 =6/ / + C)K7 /3 ;36
[email protected][email protected][email protected] N<6 /37 9< =;6/6 6< 36< G A/@7+() E^() A/(+ + G+.
:+-,.
R+,,K( =< /3;369 /6 B. O=/ =< /3;369 /6 D() ] +/ *@=.
%6>36 6H 6 =<6 A/@+ ] +/ +-,,+.
O ; !+/-,)7 <33;336: T+ (/ !++/@+- ( (/ ,,/-+/.
b. Cananes
F/6 >< = <<3>9; < /33;6/6 ; )(-+ M+/(?(-F:, <
/3 /+:,-. C6/6 C6;6 ;6< 6<6< :,J+/ :(,-/.
O< 6;6;=< 3>/6 /6; 6/ =9=/69: /6;< 36<7 </66<7 ,)=+)K( (
H+-( :,( *()-,H,K( *-6.
D< 6967 3 </ / ;,)+/ !+-,+ +: 1905 ><?3<7 ;= 969
66 S+H,[email protected] + +)7 66 1800 .C.
O=/ =; = ;</6 = < 6;6;=< 3;>;6/6 6967 3
;;/6 ;6 +,K( + G++7 /66>6< = *+)<,(.
O< 6;6;=< =;6/6 6 C- U-,* U,-67 =6 6369 H R/ [email protected]:. A<
/=?;6< < 969 /6 </6< / C+ [email protected]++ ;<<6< /=?;6< </3/6<
396/< 39< ) /+:-,*.
R+,,K( =< /3;369 /6 B ] +/ +-,,+. O /6; /96 /6 6< <6< /933<6<7 / < /66/ >/63/6< /36<.
P>< = < /33;6/6 ; / M+/(?(-F:,. S <69/6 ; N(-+ +
C)K7 6 6=69 S,. A93 =;6/6 69=6< 36<: [email protected] [email protected](= T(H D:/*( a
,:?(-)-+6 + :[email protected]
A ;/3=3 =9=/69 < 6/6=< 3 6 9?;=6: ( :,*(. O 6/663 /6
b3;9<c < <H=9< - 6 I' 6.C. E;/ < =;< ;;/6<7 ;6/6< < ;<
/3< = 6;6< 6 B?936 ;3;6>6 6H ;: + R+,).
2. D(*:+)-(/ A7+(,*(/ !+/+) I/+,- +: C)K
a. Cartas do ell el *marna
E 188%7 ;6 /3 A:)7 = 36 ; E,-(7 =6 =9/ =?;6 ;;/=
39< = 3< /6 /963;6< *-/ +*+H,/ ?+( A:+)@(-+? IV /*.
'II .C.6. E<<6< 6/6< /6 3936< ;/ < >< C)K + M+/(?(-F:,
E37 </36< *)+,(:+/7 36 6=6 6 6/6 6/6 ;/ 6 ,)=/K( (/ @H,W.
O=/6< 6/6< 6/<;6 ; @?,W. E 6< < 6<<7 /66< < @+H+/. E<< 6/6 6H H ;3 ( +-,*(7 / / /3;6 6 /933
93?<6 E37 3;<3=3; =6 /933 ;?<67 3< ,K I</69. D3<
3<<7 =;= 6 6369 <= /3; A6/;6. T6H == <= ; 6/6
A^+)[email protected]+:. [email protected]+: /6 ; =< = 9 <9=.
b. Stela de #ernepta5
M+)[email protected] 3 = 6/6 = >/;= ;/ 1230121$ .C. N 5] 6; >/;
6>36 ;=3<6 >/36< ;6<. P6/6 /6/ <6< ;=3<6<7 6;= ;</=3/ =
S-+. N96 9 </>= =6 /96 6< ;6< ;=3<66<. E ;<6 93<67 ?+*+ ?+ 1b
=+ ): (*:+)-( 7+(,*( ; I/+ ;6 /6;[email protected] ma
conirmação direta do relato bíblico.
a. DericA
A< /=?;6< /3 < ;;/66< ; T+ + S-). E/6 ;36 C,+ / !:+,/.
/3 /3>6 6 696>/6 >+,@ = <3;336 L.
E 19207 G/-)7 ;;/= =6 666 3;@6< = 9 3;33= <;
/? <=H. E9 < ;6;=.
E 1950 -++) +)X() 6;693<= <<6 666 3;@6< /3;= = 96
/;36 H6 B()+ I. E96 @ =6 /96 < /?< =6 T99 9
S=96;:
J 6H 1500 6.C.: /3 <6>6 6366.
J 1500 6 1400 6.C.: D<6366
J 1400 6 1*00 6.C.: O=66
J 1*00 6 100 6.C.: en,!ação. Não D se2,n!o ela nen,) vestí2io !esse perío!o. <eric
;oi co)pleta)ente !evasta!a. Esse perío!o correspon!e ao perío!o !a "on,ista !e <eric.
e,s !estr,i, t,!o a ponto !e não aver nen,) vestí2io.
J 100 6 1100 6.C.: 6366
b. *i
C;36 E- T+. N96 ;;/6< ><?3< </=3 <H=9 'III
.C.
c. et5 S5an
A3;6 << ;7 <= ; <3;336 C/ ( +/ [email protected]). [email protected]< 6
S G,,7 < 6/;< >(K(.
% = =; = 6/67 [email protected]+-(/ I /*. 'III = 3;>63= B S6;
<69= < @?,W ,/+,-/6.
d. 7azor
E;;/6< ;=6 ;6;6 666 T+ + [email protected] <3=66 6 N/.
9. REINO UNIDO E REINO DIVIDIDO
1. R+,)( U),(
a. )eríodo de Sal
F/6 36< <6>6< G,H+K7 ;= 969 66 T+ + ;7 / . ;.
AH,@-. N< 969 ;;/=< P693 S6=9. E< 693 6 </==/6 =6
6<6 =.
O< =/< < 693 /6 ;</=?< ; <3<6 C/:- 2 =/< ;</=?<
6/6996;7 <; = <6 ;/ 6< /6 =<6 6/6 6/[email protected];6/ /63<7 =
963< </6H3< /6 /;3 ;=9.
b. )eríodo de avi
A A/=936 </3= 6 C,+ + D=, ;36 C,-+7 [email protected] ;6
C(,) + O+. T6H 3 </ C) + G,@()7 / ; D6>3 ;/=
/=<69H 3;= < [+H/,-/.
c. )eríodo de Salomão
N=6 93;6 666 T+ + Q/,[email protected] 3 ;;/66 =6 (/-*()7 = /[email protected] /96 6 =6;36 (( + O,. E<< =/ 3 =<6 6/6 /><3/ T9. F3 =
/3;6 K/6; /3.
a. * )edra #oabita
E 19$87 3 ;;/66 / = ?+ )*,/*)(7 =6 /6 1750 69=/6. D3<7 ;6< < = /= /6<7 96 3 3>336 3;;< /363<. M63<
6/7 96 3 /;</=?6 ; ;=< 6 /<;6 3;</3< +/*,- +)*,.
N<6< 3;</3< R+, M+/@ 6/636 6 =< Q+:(/@ 6< >3/36< ;/6 6<
;6< 3;336<7 /3;369;7 96 >3/36 </ O), +, + I/+.
b. belisco de Salmanassar III
F3 ;;/6 D,H(). N<< 93<7 S696;6<<6/ III 6;= /6>6/ 3=/6<
;6< //66< / 9. E<6< 3=/6< </6 < /3< <6< ;6<.
E;/ 6< <6< 3=/6<7 66/ 6 3=/6 >+W ,@( + O), 3;93;6 36;
S696;6<<6/ III7 /;9 ;/6/36<.

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