CHAPTER 26

THE ROAD TO WAR

SECTION 3

THE RISE OF MILITARISM

OBJECTIVESDescribe how Mussolini created a

Fascists state in Italy

Explain how Stalin maintained power in the Soviet Union

Analyze Hitler’s rise to power in Germany

MUSSOLINIFascist leader from Italy

FASCIST PARTYMilitary controlled government in

Italy

Government dominated all aspects of society

Mussolini and his Fascist Party

BLACK SHIRTSMussolini’s army of his followers

Named after the color of the uniforms

Mussolini with his Black Shirts

Mussolini limits civil liberties

Limited freedom of speech

Arrested political opponents

Restricted voting rights

Leader of the Bolshevik Revolutionin Russia

Vladimir Lenin dies in 1924

New ruler in the USSRin 1924

Joseph Stalin

Totalitarian leader from Soviet Union

Joseph Stalin – U.S.S.R

TOTALITARIAN STATE

Government has complete control over the country

Soviet FarmersProtesters were sent to forced labor

camps

Eventually, 15 million people in the USSR were sent to forced labor camps

Powerful Red Army

Stalin used to crush opposition

Stalin’s Policies

30 million Soviet citizens died

HITLER

Elected Chancellor of Germany in 1932

NAZI PARTYNational Socialist Party

MEIN KAMPF

Book written by Hitler while in prison

Means “my struggle”

His plan to restore German power

Who did Hitler blame for the decline of Germany?

Jews

Communists

Intellectuals

THIRD REICH

Hitler’s government

Those prohibited from holding political office in Germany

Jews

non-Nazis

Hitler’s Nazi storm troopers

Brownshirts

Wore brown uniforms

Crushed political opposition

ANTI-SEMITISMMeans hatred of Jews

Became official government policy

Many wealthy Jews fled the country by coming to the U.S. (Albert Einstein)

Kristallnacht[krees-tahl-nahkht]

“the night of the broken glass”

Nazi thugs burned synagogues

Destroyed Jewish businesses

Many Jews escaped to the U.S.

FRANCISCO FRANCOLed Fascist government in Spain

He started the Spanish Civil War between the Fascists and the Loyalists in 1936

He was aided by Germany and Italy

AXIS POWERS (NATIONS)Germany

Italy

Japan

NON-AGGRESSION PACTStalin (Soviet Union) signs this pact

with Hitler (Germany) in 1939

Both agree not to attack one another

The 2 nations agreed to divide Poland between them

ALLIED POWERSGreat Britain

France

USSR

United States

LEND LEASE ACTU.S. lent or leased arms to the Allies

in 1940.

$7 billion worth of ships, planes, tanks, and other supplies to non-Axis countries

BLITZKRIEG“lightning war”

Germany striking against Poland in 1939

WINSTON CHURCHILLNew Prime Minister of Great Britain

JAPAN ATTACKSMinister of War – Hideki Tojo led the

attack against the U.S.

Emperor of JapanEmperor Hirohito

DECEMBER 7, 1941Attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

8:00 am

Destroyed 20 warships and 200 planes

Killed 2,400 Americans

FDR’S ADDRESS TO AMERICA“a day which will live in infamy”