Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands

Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands

Peter J. de Lange; Peter B. Heenan; Jeremy R. Rolfe

JULY 2011

Department of ConservationWellington Hawke’s Bay ConservancyP.O. Box 5086Wellington 6145

This report was prepared for the Department of Conservation, Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy by Peter J. de Lange1 (corresponding author), Peter B. Heenan2, and Jeremy R. Rolfe3.

Cover: Chatham Island forget-me-not. Photo: Peter de Lange.

© Copyright July 2011, New Zealand Department of Conservation

ISBN 978-0-478-14882-4 (printed copy)ISBN 978-0-478-14883-1 (web PDF)

In the interest of forest conservation, we support paperless electronic publishing. Limited copies of this report are printed. It is also available from the departmental website in pdf form. Refer to www.doc.govt.nz.

1. Ecosystems and Species Unit, Research and Development, C/- Auckland Conservancy, P.B. 68908, Newton, Auckland 1145.2. Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln 7640.3. Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy, P.O. Box 5086, Wellington 6145.

CONTENTS

Executive summary 1

Introduction 2

The Chatham Islands 3

Location 3

Botanical exploration—a short history 4

Methods 6

Discussion 8

The Chathams vascular flora 8

Acknowledgements 19

References 20

Appendix 1

Checklist of the vascular flora of the Chatham Islands 23

Appendix 2

Rejected taxa 55

Appendix 3

Misapplied names, synonyms and misidentifications 56

1de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Executive summary

This checklist is an update and revision of the previous indigenous vascular plant checklist of the Chatham Island archipelago (de Lange et al. 1999a). In line with the stated intention of providing a full annotated vascular flora for the islands (de Lange et al. 1999a), this checklist incorporates the first full listing of those indigenous and naturalised vascular species that have been collected from the islands since Mueller (1864).

The Chatham Island archipelago has a vascular flora of 875 taxa (including hybrid combinations) and 27 informally recognised entities—a total of 902. Forty-one taxa (including three hybrid combinations) are endemic, 400 indigenous, and 434 are considered naturalised. Twenty-one of the naturalised taxa are indigenous to the main islands of New Zealand but naturalised on the Chatham Islands. Of the 27 informally recognised entities, 13 are potentially endemic to the islands, 11 are indigenous to the islands and three are naturalised. Two hybrid combinations, involving the Chatham Island endemics Coprosma chathamica and C. propinqua var. martinii and the naturalised New Zealand species C. robusta, are known from Chatham Island. There are two endemic, monotypic genera, the Chatham Island sow thistle (Embergeria Boulos) and Chatham Island forget-me-not (Myosotidium Hook.f.).

Of the 411 non-endemic indigenous taxa and informal entities, 117 (29%) are known on the Chatham Islands from fewer than five gatherings each—these taxa do appear to be genuinely uncommon on the islands. Whether this is evidence of recent dispersal from New Zealand (see comments by Shepherd et al. 2009 on New Zealand – Chatham Islands occurrences of Asplenium hookerianum) or a decline in abundance through ongoing habitat deterioration is worthy of further study.

A further 50 literature records of taxa recorded from the islands by botanists are rejected from this listing on the basis that they are not supported by herbarium vouchers.

The inclusion of plants naturalised to the Chatham Islands in this checklist provides for the first time an immediate resource of verifiable plant records that can be used to determine naturalised plant management priorities, and assist with predicting potential weeds. This listing will also help identify those naturalised plant families, genera and species which are as yet absent from the islands and which have had a harmful impact on the natural ecosystems, agricultural and urban landscape or waterways in New Zealand proper. This is important because by identifying these gaps informed decisions can then be made by the relevant administering bodies about what measures need to be taken to prevent these exotic plants reaching the islands.

2 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Introduction

The Chatham Islands have long been recognised as having a special flora, so much so that when the first gatherings of plant specimens made from there by Ernst Dieffenbach in 1840 reached the eminent English Botanist Joseph Hooker (1817–1911) he made it known that he regarded the Chatham Islands Flora as his domain and up to him to document first (Connor 1998). This view came to the attention of the remarkable Australian botanist Ferdinand Mueller (1825–1896), who at the time was feeling disaffected by comments made about his botanical research by Hooker and his colleague George Bentham, lead (and often considered sole) author of the Flora of Australia. While accounts vary, it seems that Mueller elected to “do” the Chatham Flora first, an action that for its time bordered on heresy, and so began a largely clandestine “gentlemen’s” war fought over the islands flora by men who never set foot there, or even it seems particularly cared for the place (Connor 1998). Mueller gets the credit for winning the first round with the publication of his Chatham Islands Flora (Mueller 1864), an act that then set in motion a fascinating history of competitive botanical exploration and, as a sideline, some rather entertaining Darwinian and theological squabbles (Connor 1998). This stoush was only laid to rest when Leonard Cockayne became the first professional botanist to visit the islands, in the process not only describing a range of new endemic plants but also offering what is still the best and most comprehensive published overview of the vegetation associations of the islands (Cockayne 1902).

Today the Chatham’s are world renowned for their indigenous flora and fauna. The spectacular Chatham Island forget-me-not (Myosotidium hortensium) is widely regarded the world over as the plant that epitomises the Chatham Islands, in part because it combines beauty with rarity and threat helped by the fact that it has proved so very amenable to cultivation. Equally few people will not have heard of the remarkable snatch from the very brink of extinction of the endemic Chatham Island robin (Petroica traversi) (Butler & Merton 1992). Indeed, publications dealing with the islands’ unusual biota, spectacular geology and distinctive island culture are now both numerous and hugely popular (e.g., Richards 1952; King 1996; de Lange et al. 1999a; Walls et al. 2003; Aikman & Miskelly 2004; Campbell & Hutching 2007; Miskelly 2008a; Heenan et al. 2010). Today the islands are an increasingly popular destination for ecotourists keen on seeing the geology, flora and fauna of the islands, as well as experiencing the islands’ distinctive peoples and cultures.

This publication adds to that wealth of literature by significantly updating and improving the earlier Chatham Island indigenous vascular Flora (de Lange et al. 1999a). This revision is also the first to list both indigenous and naturalised plants from the islands, thereby providing the first crucial step toward the intended preparation of a full vascular flora treatment of the archipelago, the first to be attempted since Mueller’s landmark publication of 1864 (see de Lange et al. 2007).

3de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

The Chatham Islands

LocationThe Chatham Islands archipelago is located about 860 kilometres east of Christchurch, New Zealand, at about latitude 44oS (Figure 1). Collectively the 40 islands, islets and rock stacks occupy a land area of about 97,000 hectares. The two largest islands, Chatham (Rekohu/Wharekauri) Island (90,000 ha) and Pitt (Rangiauria) Island (6,190 ha) are the only islands permanently inhabited by people, but all the islands, islets and rock stacks except, possibly, the remote Forty Fours, Western Reef, The Pyramid, the Murumuru Rock Stacks, and the Castle show signs of past human modifi cation, either from past, temporary, or permanent settlement, or through varying levels of vegetation modifi cation as evidenced by composition and structure of the fl ora.

Kaingaroa

Rabbit Island

PETRE BAYHANSON BAY

Glory Bay

L.Huro

L. Rangitai

Okawa Point

Te One

Wharekauri

Wairua

Te Awapatiki

Manukau Point

Stony Crossing

Point Munning

Awatotara Creek

Mau

ngan

ui B

each

Awarakau

Waikeri Beach

PITT STRAIT

Ocean Bay

Whangatete Inlet

Port Hutt

(W

hangaroa Harbour)

Tennants Lake

L. Waikauia

Tuku-a-tamatea RiverPoint Gap

Waitangi West

L. Rakeinui

Gillesp

ie Crk

Lake Taia

Lake Kairae

Lake Kaingarahu

Green Point

Te Awatapu

Long Beach

Koromaunga

Ohinemama

Lake Makuku

Airport

Western Reef

Eastern Reef

Nai

rn

R.

Te Roto

L. Marakapia

Hapupu

L. Te Rangatapu

Otoi Crk

Tutuiri Crk

Man

gaho

u Crk

WhangamarinoWairarapa Crk

Waihi Crk

Te Matarae

TUKU RD

OWENGA RD

NO

RT

H R

D

WH

AR

EK

AURI RD

PORT HUTT RD

AIR

PO

RT RD

Kaipakau Lake

North Island

South Island

ChathamIslands

Stewart Island Bounty Is

Antipodes Is

Mt Chudleigh

MANGERE ISLANDLITTLE MANGERE I.

(TAPUAENUKU)

RANGATIRA (SOUTH EAST ISLAND)

The CastleSail Rock

Te WhangaLagoon

Waitangi

Owenga

Te Awatea

Tupuangi

Tupuangi

Mairangi

Point Durham

Maunganui

Hakepa

Point Weeding

Tioriori

Red Bluff

Cape Young

Rangiauria Point

The HornsCape L’Eveque

Taupeka

Flower Pot

Matarakau

Moreroa

O

hira Bay

Waihere Bay

Te Whakaru Island

Ngatikitiki

CHATHAM ISLAND(REKOHU, WHAREKAURI)

THE SISTERS(RANGITATAHI)

FORTY FOURS(MOTUHARA)

PITT ISLAND(RANGIAURIA)

STAR KEYS(MOTUHOPE)

THE PYRAMID(TARAKOIKOIA)

0 25 km

44° 20'

44° 10'

44° 00'

43° 50'

S Lat.43° 40'

176° 40' 176° 30' 176° 20' 176° 10' 176° 00'W Long.176° 50'

Figure 1: The location and spatial extent of the Chatham Islands.

4 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Botanical exploration—a short historyThe fi rst attempt to treat the Chatham islands vascular fl ora was that by Ferdinand Mueller (Mueller 1864) (Fig. 2) who, working from his base in Melbourne, Australia and solely using plant specimens (Fig. 3) gathered for him from the islands in 1863 by Henry Hammersley Travers, listed 87 species in 67 genera, and described eight endemics (Connor 1998). Mueller also listed 8 naturalised species, to which Travers (1868) added a further two species, mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Subsequent enumerations by Mueller (1873a), based on the second 1871 visit by H. H. Travers to the islands, listed 123 genera and 183 species. However, Mueller’s second treatment was incomplete, listing only genera for the islands and not the species or lower ranks seen. Mueller’s last contribution to the Chatham Islands fl ora came with his formal recognition of a new genus Sporadanthus (Mueller 1874) for the restiad rush-like plant he had originally described in 1873 as Lepyrodia traversii (Mueller 1873b).

At about the same time that Mueller was actively working on the Chatham Islands, Wellington-based government botanist John Buchanan (see Adams 2002), working from a set of the same 1871 Travers gatherings provided to Mueller, recorded 109 dicotyledonous and 49 monocotyledonous species, and 47 ferns and lycophytes for the Chathams (Buchanan 1875). Buchanan also recognised as new and described the endemic Veronica chathamica (referred to in this checklist as Hebe chathamica), and reduced, incorrectly as it transpires, one of Mueller’s novelties (Senecio radiolatus) to varietal rank within S. lautus. Kirk (1873) working also with the same Travers gatherings provided the fi rst comprehensive listing of the naturalised plants for the Chatham Islands, recording 29 species, one of which, the plume grass Dichelachne crinita, is now regarded as indigenous (see Edgar & Connor 2000). Signifi cantly neither Buchanan nor Kirk visited the islands, although in the case of Kirk, there are Chatham specimens in his herbarium bearing his handwritten labels which suggest that he did go there. These we take as evidence of Kirk’s unconventional habit of relabeling specimens collected by others in his own hand with the collector often attributed to himself (see comments on Kirk’s herbarium labeling systems in de Lange 2007a).

While Buchanan and Kirk’s papers were as comprehensive as they could be from the evidence they had to hand, further investigation of the Chatham Islands vascular fl ora necessitated fi eld experience. So it was that following several weeks’ investigation of the vegetation of the main Chatham Island, Leonard Cockayne provided the fi rst comprehensive overview of that islands vegetation “formations” and fl ora (Cockayne 1902). In that paper Cockayne increased the indigenous vascular fl ora of the island group to 217 taxa (166 species and varieties of fl owering plants and 51 ferns and lycophytes), expanded the number of endemic vascular plant taxa from 9 to 31, and added a further 12 new indigenous plant records to the island group. Cockayne (1902) also rejected 12 taxa recorded by Buchanan off ering opinions as to actual identities of the plants Buchanan had reported, and he was also the fi rst to unequivocally state that Chatham Island Rhopalostylis was not R. sapida, instead, and rather insightfully (see Stalker 1998; de Lange 2007b) suggesting instead that the Chathams palm had more in common with R. baueri. Following

Figure 2. Ferdinand von Mueller—author of the fi rst Chatham Island fl ora. Photo: Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.

Figure 3. A Travers herbarium specimen of parsely fern (Botrychium australe). Photo: © Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.

5de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Cockayne’s paper, there has not been any detailed treatment dealing exclusively with the islands’ flora until the first version of this checklist (de Lange et al. 1999a). Prior to that, published information about the Chathams flora was relegated to mostly minor entries and comments under the relevant taxa entries in publications such as Kirk’s Students flora (Kirk 1899), Cheeseman’s Manual of the New Zealand Flora (Cheeseman 1906, 1925) and in the volumes of the New Zealand Flora series (see Allan 1961; Edgar & Connor 2000; Galloway 1985, 2007; Healy & Edgar 1980; Moore & Edgar 1970; Webb et al. 1988). Aspects and sometimes detailed accounts of the flora and vegetation of the smaller islands with the Chathams archipelago are also covered by Chappell (1987), de Lange & Sawyer (2008) and Taylor (1991).

Madden & Healy (1959) provided the first comprehensive account of the naturalised flora of the Chatham Islands. That work, listing 158 naturalised species, was based mainly on specimens gathered from the Chatham Islands by Madden, an agricultural scientist who visited the islands to assist with pasture development. In their paper, Madden & Healy provided an analysis of the likely origins of the weed flora, concluding that the majority of the weeds recorded had an agricultural origin. They also provided the first attempts at clarifying the status of several plants indigenous to New Zealand proper and which either had seemingly anomalous, restricted Chatham distributions, or an apparently “weedy” tendency there. They broke these plants down into three categories: (1) those that had been deliberately naturalised on the islands by the inhabitants for food or medicinal purposes, e.g., raupo (Typha orientalis C.Presl), (2) those that apparently came as an accidental impurity in grass seed or associated with livestock, e.g., Juncus pallidus, and lastly (3) plants that had escaped from gardens, citing as an example, tree fuchsia (Fuchsia excorticata) which they claimed owed its presence on Chatham Island to a deliberate planting made by a “nostalgic housewife”. Following this seminal paper, another (Northcroft 1975) was published posthumously by A.J. Healy some 51 years after the author, E.F. Northcroft, had visited the islands as a member of the 1924 Otago Institute expedition to the Chathams. While on the island, Northcroft studied the naturalised flora but his work and listing had been overlooked because it was unpublished. It was only rediscovered when Northcroft’s list was found in a collection of miscellaneous papers and reprints that had belonged to W.R.B. Oliver, a past Director of what is now the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa. This listing was then published as an annotated checklist by A.J. Healy (Northcroft 1975). Northcroft’s list provided documentation of a further 53 taxa (i.e., additional to those recorded by Madden & Healy 1959) he considered naturalised to the islands in 1924. Unfortunately, no herbarium specimens supporting Northcroft’s claims have ever been found. Nevertheless, of the 53 recorded by Northcroft, only 16 remain to be confirmed as present on the islands, while a further two records are likely based on misidentifications of other species widespread on the islands today.

More recently, Given (1996), in a general account of the Chatham Islands flora, stated that the vascular flora comprised about 325 indigenous vascular plants, 215 naturalised exotics and 40 or so endemics. Unfortunately, the list from which these figures were derived was not provided and we have been unable to locate it. Nevertheless, Given considered that while many of the weeds had previously arrived in agricultural machinery, building materials and other imports, many were now establishing from gardens. Some he felt had the potential to become invasive.

The accounts of Madden & Healy (1959), Northcroft (1975) and Given (1996) are noteworthy because otherwise all of the other literature we have seen dealing with the plants of the Chatham Islands, has tended to deal almost exclusively with the indigenous flora of the islands (Richards 1952; Druce & Kelly 1973; Given & Williams 1984; de Lange et al. 1999a; Molloy 2002). These accounts of indigenous species have, therefore, presented a false impression of the islands’ environmental condition and, as such, provide no baseline from which future biosecurity measures and weed control effort could be developed.

6 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Methods

Using the same methodology employed by de Lange et al. (1999a), we have based this listing on our own gatherings and those Chatham Island herbarium specimens held by the following New Zealand herbaria: Auckland Museum (AK1) (which now includes the former University of Auckland (AKU) herbarium), University of Canterbury (CANU), Allan Herbarium (CHR), National Forestry Herbarium (NZFRI), University of Waikato (WAIK), Museum of New Zealand – Te Papa Tongarewa (WELT), and Victoria University of Wellington (WELTU). We have also examined Chatham Island specimens held within the von Mueller collection housed in the Melbourne Herbarium (MEL), Australia and specimens held by the Natural History Museum of the British Museum (BM), Kew Gardens (K) and Munich, Germany (M). In all cases, to ensure quality control and remove any possible doubts over plant identity, we have physically examined specimens or clear images of these.

From this search and collation of specimens, a total of 902 taxa and informally recognised entities were accepted on the basis of the existence of an indisputable herbarium specimen seen by the authors (Appendix 1). In this listing, for all accepted entities, a representative herbarium specimen is cited. Records of plants naturalised to the New Zealand Botanical Region (as defined by Allan 1961) are marked with a ‘*’ whilst those indigenous to the main islands of New Zealand but not the Chatham Islands, and which have established on the Chathams are marked with a ‘†’. Although Madden & Healy (1959) correctly pointed out that, as these plants are naturalised to the Chathams, they should be regarded as exotic, we feel it is still useful to distinguish them from exotic taxa naturalised to the New Zealand subcontinent (of which the Chathams are undeniably part) from elsewhere in the world. This we feel is particularly important as some of these taxa have gone on to (uniquely) hybridise with their close Chatham relatives, and also because for some of them, e.g., Sophora chathamica, making an exact call on their naturalised status within limits of available evidence is difficult. Without recourse to other more complex technologies, such as DNA fingerprinting, we have had to rely on our own judgment. We accept, therefore, that in some instances where we have made a decision on indigenous versus naturalised status, further research may well prove us wrong.

In addition to the authenticated records accepted in the main listing, we list a further 50 taxa (Appendix 2) whose presence on the Chatham Islands has been recorded in past literature and for which we have not seen substantiating specimens. We also provide a list of those taxa recorded by past workers and which we have been able to equate to taxa either by linkage through synonymy or on the basis of probable confusion with plants we have recorded from the Chatham Islands in this listing (Appendix 3).

All taxa in this list are arranged according to the classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III, 2009). For a simplified discussion of how this classification applies to the New Zealand Vascular Flora see de Lange & Rolfe (2010).

Lastly, like all plant listings, this checklist is merely a statement of what has been collected from the Chatham Islands that the authors have seen. We are certain that we have not yet captured the full vascular plant diversity of the islands. As such the authors are keen to see any plant specimens or clear images that confirm doubtful listings (see those listed), substantiate literature records, or are new to the islands. Please note that it is an offence under the Native Plants Protection Act of 1934 to collect plants without approval from the landowner, and that all indigenous plants are protected on land vested as reserve by

1. Herbarium acronyms follow those recommended by Holmgren et al. (1990).

7de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

the crown and cannot be collected without the necessary permits. Furthermore, as most of the Chatham Islands are in private ownership, permission from the landowner(s) must be obtained before any material is collected. We strongly advise that in situations of doubt it is better to take a clear photograph of the plant in question, or discuss the find with the Department of Conservation staff based at Te One, Chatham Islands2 or the Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy3, rather than collect a specimen.

2 North Rd, Te One, Chatham Island. P.O. Box 114, Waitangi, Chathams 8942.3 181 Thorndon Quay, Wellington. P.O. Box 5086, Wellington 6145.

8 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Discussion

The Chathams vascular floraChatham Flora originsUntil recently it was widely believed that the Chatham Islands endemic flora had a close association with Northern and Southern New Zealand (see summary in Cameron et al. 2006), and, in one particular case, Coprosma chathamica, a close relationship with the Norfolk Island endemic C. pilosa (see Webb & Simpson 2001). This association was based solely on perceived morphological similarities between plants and had not been thoroughly tested using the range of modern tools now available to biogeographers.

Using multiple DNA sequence data and three different molecular clock models, Heenan et al. (2010) examined 19 of the then recognised 37 Chatham Island endemics, and four unnamed, potentially distinct and endemic flowering plants, looking at their phylogenetic relationships to New Zealand congeners. They also dated the divergence times of the 19 Chatham Island endemics. The authors concluded that the 19 endemics mostly diverged from their common and widespread New Zealand ancestors <2.4 million years ago. However, four species (Chatham Island sow thistle (Embergeria grandifolia), Chatham Island forget-me-not (Myosotidium hortensium), mahoe (Melicytus chathamicus) and Chatham Island bamboo rush (Sporadanthus traversii)) diverged much earlier, with molecular clock dates recovered for these species of >3.54 million years. Of all the endemics analysed, only bamboo rush had a clear relationship to northern New Zealand where its sister species S. ferrugineus is endemic (de Lange et al. 1999b); with exception of the Chatham Islands forget-me-not, the rest had origins scattered throughout New Zealand.

The origins and relationship of the Chatham Islands forget-me-not have been a matter of dispute ever since it was drawn to western scientists’ attention by its formal description 164 years ago (Heenan & Schönberger 2009). It had been suggested that Myosotidium (Boraginaceae) was most closely related to Cynoglossum (see comments in Allan 1961). Heenan et al. (2010), however, showed that the closest ancestors to Chatham Islands forget-me-not are species of Omphalodes and Lappula. Omphalodes, in particular, was recovered as a close relative. This genus has two centres of distribution, Mexico and the Mediterranean, and of the species in the genus, the closest relative was Omphalodes nitida a Mediterranean species.

Concerning the other endemic genus, Embergeria, Heenan et al. (2010) found that it was closely related to Kirkianella, but that it was part of a group of genera including Sonchus, Actites, and Dendroseris.

Heenan et al. (2010) also suggested that part of the Chatham endemic flora has persisted in the area for longer than geologists can apparently confirm that emergent land has been continuously present. While it is possible that the endemics evolved in New Zealand first, and dispersed from there to the modern Chatham Islands, Heenan et al. (2010) favour a sequence of island hopping within the general Chatham Islands region that they suggest has been going on in the area for at least the last six million years when the first clear Cenozoic contender for emergent land in the Chatham Rise appeared, the Mangere Volcano.

Nevertheless, with the exception of the endemic plants, it is still true that some of the indigenous vascular taxa on the island show a strong connection to mostly northern New Zealand, and to a lesser extent southern New Zealand. Recent discoveries of plants hitherto regarded as northern North Island endemics, e.g., Poor Knights spleenwort (Asplenium pauperequitum) and the groundsel Senecio marotiri are good examples of the northern

9de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

New Zealand – Chatham connection. Southern New Zealand examples include the sedge Carex flaviformis, strap fern (Grammitis magellanica subsp. magellanica) and Hypolepis amaurorhacis. These northern and southern New Zealand linkages to the Chatham Islands are even more evident when the lichen, liverwort, moss and seaweed flora is considered (P. J. de Lange unpubl. data, W. Nelson pers. comm.). While these smaller non-vascular “plants” are outside the scope of this checklist, it is a peculiar feature of the Chatham Islands that there one can easily see lichens, liverworts and mosses more typical of the subantarctic islands and alpine portions of southern New Zealand growing alongside species more typical of the far north of New Zealand, north-eastern Australia or the tropical islands of the South Pacific. It is thought that some of these disjunctions may reflect dispersal relating to past sea bird movements (see comments by Fife & de Lange 2009; Renner & de Lange 2009; Renner & de Lange in press). Based on an admittedly limited sampling of Asplenium hookerianum it would also seem that multiple long distance New Zealand – Chatham dispersals have occurred and, as would be expected, are ongoing (Shepherd et al. 2009).

Another biogeographic anomaly of the Chatham Islands is the presence of Leucopogon parviflorus there. This shrub is otherwise known only from eastern Australia, Tasmania and Lord Howe Island (Green 1994), where it is a very common species of coastal habitats. Outside Australia, Lord Howe and the Chatham Islands, this species had also been reported from North Cape, North Island, New Zealand (initially as L. richei, Cheeseman 1906, 1925; and then as L. parviflorus by Allan 1961). However, following critical investigation those plants are now treated as an endemic allied species L. xerampelinus (de Lange et al. 2003), leaving the Australia-Lord Howe-Chatham Islands L. parviflorus occurrence as a remarkably singular Australian – Chatham vascular plant disjunction within the New Zealand Botanical Region that warrants further study. As unusual as this disjunction is in the New Zealand indigenous vascular plant flora, one species within the Chatham Islands liverwort flora, Kurzia dendroides, also seems to share this disjunction (Glenny & de Lange 2009). Within the strand and coastal turf flora of the islands, an Australian – southern New Zealand – Chatham Island connections are also evident. Crystalwort (Atriplex billardierei), still abundant on the beaches of Chatham Island, is a species that once occurred locally on the shores of Southland and Stewart Island, as well as Tasmania and south-eastern Australia (de Lange et al. 2000). Similarly, a species of scurvy grass Lepidium flexicaule, found in northern Chatham Island coastal turfs is known also from this habitat in mostly New Zealand proper and western Tasmania. The Australian orache (Atriplex australasica), known from the main islands of New Zealand only from one indisputable South Island 1770 gathering made by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander, is also abundant on the Chatham islands (de Lange 2007c). To see it otherwise one must now to go to south-eastern Australia.

Indigenous floraThis listing recognises 902 vascular plant taxa and informally recognised entities as present on the Chatham Islands (see Appendix 1). Of these, 465 are indigenous to the islands and 437 are regarded as naturalised. This naturalised figure includes 21 plants that are indigenous to the main islands of New Zealand and that have naturalised on the Chatham Islands either by accident, e.g., Poa cita (probably as a grass seed impurity), or through deliberate plantings that have subsequently escaped, e.g., Clematis paniculata. There are two novel hybrids involving Chatham endemic Coprosma and the naturalised C. robusta, and a further two hybrids of horticultural origin, Brachyglottis compacta × B. greyi and Hebe ×francisiana ‘Lobelioides’ are now locally established on the islands.

In addition to the two well known endemic monotypic genera (Embergeria and Myosotidium), a further 38 plants are endemic at the species and subspecies level, as are three hybrid combinations (see Table 1.). A further 13 entities of unassigned rank (see

10 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Table 1) may also be endemic. However, these require further research to determine if they merit formal taxonomic description. With the provisional acceptance that these entities are taxonomically distinct, the Chatham Islands archipelago (999 km2) may have as many as 54 endemic taxa. This is a remarkable figure when one considers that Stewart Island at 1735 km2 has 28 endemic vascular plants (Wilson 1987) and the next largest New Zealand Island, Great Barrier Island (285 km2) has only three (de Lange & Norton 2004).

Table 1. Plant taxa endemic to the Chatham Is lands

ENDEMIC TAXA

Asplenium chathamense Brownsey Hebe chathamica (Buchanan) Cockayne et Allan

Aciphylla dieffenbachii (F.Muell.) Kirk Hebe dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne et Allan

Aciphylla traversii (F.Muell.) Hook.f. Leptecophylla robusta (Hook.f.) C.M.Weiller

Astelia chathamica (Skottsb.) L.B.Moore Leptinella featherstonii F.Muell.

Brachyglottis huntii (F.Muell.) B.Nord. Linum monogynum var. chathamicum Cockayne

Callitriche petriei subsp. chathamensis R.Mason Melicytus chathamicus (F.Muell.) Garn.-Jones

Carex chathamica Petrie Myosotidium hortensium (Decne.) Baill.

Carex ventosa C.B.Clarke Myoporum semotum Heenan et de Lange

Coprosma chathamica Cockayne Myrsine coxii Cockayne

Coprosma propinqua var. martini W.R.B.Oliv. Olearia chathamica Kirk

Corokia macrocarpa Kirk Olearia semidentata Decne.

Austroderia turbaria (Connor) N.P. Barker et H.P. Linder

Olearia telmatica Heenan et de Lange

Disphyma papillatum Chinnock Olearia traversiorum (F.Muell.) Hook.f.

Dracophyllum arboreum Cockayne Poa chathamica Petrie

Embergeria grandifolia (Kirk) Boulos Plagianthus regius subsp. chathamicus (Cockayne) de Lange

Festuca coxii (Petrie) Hack. Pseudopanax chathamicus Kirk

Geranium traversii Hook.f. Pterostylis silvicultrix (F.Muell.) Molloy, D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem.

Gentianella chathamica (Cheeseman) T.N.Ho et S.W.Liu Senecio radiolatus F.Muell. subsp. radiolatus

Hebe barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne Sporadanthus traversii (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

HYBRID COMBINATIONS OF ENDEMIC TAXA

Olearia chathamica Kirk × O. semidentata Decne.

Hebe barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne × H. dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne et Allan

Hebe chathamica (Buchanan) Cockayne et Allan × H. dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne et Allan

POTENTIALLY ENDEMIC AWAITING FORMAL TAXONOMIC RECOGNITION

Apodasmia aff. similis Polystichum aff. vestitum

Coprosma aff. propinqua var. martini Pterostylis aff. montana

Craspedia aff. minor Ranunculus aff. foliosus

Hydrocotyle aff. robusta Ranunculus aff. royi

Lepidium aff. oleraceum (a) Senecio aff. glomeratus

Lepidium aff. oleraceum (d) Uncinia aff. uncinata

Nematoceras aff. sulcatum

11de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Features of the indigenous floraThe vascular flora of the Chatham Islands has a number of features common to many island floras. Notably the flora has a large number of plants (220, 57%) whose propagules are suited to long distance dispersal. For example, ferns and lycophytes make up 25% of the indigenous vascular flora. Trees and shrubs which make up 24% of the total New Zealand flora (de Lange & Rolfe 2010) contribute just 8% to the Chatham Islands flora. While the overall contribution of the fern families and genera to the Chathams closely mirrors that of the adjacent fern flora of the main islands of New Zealand, the main Angiosperm indigenous contributors to the flora of New Zealand proper (see de Lange & Rolfe 2010) are under-represented in the Chatham archipelago. Of the potential contributing 141 plant families present in the indigenous vascular flora of the New Zealand Botanical Region (de Lange & Rolfe 2010), the Chatham Islands indigenous vascular flora has just over half (75 families or 52% of the total New Zealand indigenous vascular flora). Furthermore, of those plant families present on the Chatham Islands, only 10 contribute 10 or more species to the overall indigenous flora (Table 2), and these are all species that have small seeds or spores suited for long distance dispersal, i.e. they are mostly wind dispersed. The most important contributing indigenous plant genera (≥ 10 species) are, for the ferns, Blechnum (14 species), Hymenophyllum (11 species), and Asplenium (10 species), while of those Angiosperm plants present on the islands, only Epilobium with 15 and Carex with 12 indigenous species respectively makes any sizeable contribution to the Chatham Islands indigenous flora. While the propagules of Epilobium are well suited to wind dispersal, those of Carex are spread mostly from seed ingested by waterfowl (see comments by Thorsen et al. 2009). Their abundance, therefore, on the wetland-dominated landscape of the Chathams is hardly surprising, especially when one considers the past diversity of waterfowl that once inhabited the islands (Miskelly 2008b). Of the 67 indigenous plant families absent from the Chatham Islands (Table 3), those containing five or more taxa, and which are widespread throughout much of New Zealand, e.g., Alseuosmiaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Loranthaceae, Nothofagaceae, Orobanchaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Stylidaceae are striking gaps in the Chathams flora. The absence of indigenous conifers and Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) is of course, a well known feature of the Chathams (see comments by Cockayne 1902; de Lange et al. 2008), made all the more interesting because of the occurrence on the islands of some lichens that almost exclusively associate with Nothofagus in New Zealand proper (see de Lange et al. 2010). While these lichens have propagules well suited to long distance dispersal, Nothofagus does not, and so one assumes that the distance between the Chathams and those islands of New Zealand supporting Nothofagus was simply too great for them to reach there.

Table 2. Main contr ibut ing (≥ 10 species) indigenous plant fami l ies on the Chatham Is lands

FAMILY NUMBER OF TAXA

Cyperaceae 42

Orchidaceae 36

Asteraceae 27

Poaceae 26

Hymenophyllaceae 16

Onagraceae 15

Blechnaceae 14

Dennstaedtiaceae 11

Aspleniaceae 10

Juncaceae 10

12 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Table 3. Indigenous New Zealand vascular plant families and genera absent from the Chatham Islands

FAMILY INDIGENOUS GENERA IN NEW ZEALAND

Lycophytes

Isoetaceae Isoetes

Ferns

Davalliaceae Davallia

Loxsomataceae Loxsoma

Marattiaceae Ptisana

Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis

Salvinaceae Pilularia

Gymnosperms

Araucariaceae Agathis

Cupressaceae Libocedrus

Phyllocladaceae Phyllocladus

Podocarpaceae Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Halocarpus, Lepidothamnus, Manoao, Podocarpous

Prumnopityaceae Prumnopitys

Angiosperms—Nymphaeales

Hydatellaceae Trithuria

Angiosperms—Chloranthales

Chloranthaceae Ascarina

Angiosperms—Magnoliids

Atherospermataceae Laurelia

Lauraceae Beilschmiedia, Cassytha, Litsea

Monimiaceae Hedycarya

Winteraceae Pseudowintera

Angiosperms—Monocots I

Alstroemeriaceae Luzuriaga

Asparagaceae Arthropodium, Cordyline

Burmanniaceae Thismia

Colchiaceae Iphigenia

Pandanaceae Freycinetia

Xeronemataceae Xeronema

Zosteraceae Zostera

Angiosperms—Monocots II (Commelinids)

Centrolepidaceae Centrolepis, Gaimardia

Typhaceae Sparganium, Typha

Angiosperms—Eudicots

Proteaceae Knightia, Toronia

Angiosperms—Core Eudicots

Acanthaceae Avicennia

Alseuosmiaceae Alseuosmia

Apocynaceae Parsonsia

Balanophoraceae Dactylanthus

13de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAMILY INDIGENOUS GENERA IN NEW ZEALAND

Bignoniaceae Tecomanthe

Calceolariaceae Jovellana

Celastraceae Stackhousia

Corynocarpaceae Corynocarpus1

Cucurbitaceae Sicyos

Cunoniaceae Ackama, Weinmannia

Elaeocarpaceae Aristotelia, Elaeocarpus

Elatinaceae Elatina

Fabaceae Canavalia, Carmichaelia, Clianthus, Montigena, Sophora

Gesneriaceae Rhabdothamnus

Griseliniaceae Griselina

Hyperiaceae Hypericum

Loganiaceae Geniostoma, Mitrasacme

Loranthaceae Alepis, Ileostylus, Peraxilla, Muellerina, Trilepidea, Tupeia

Meliaceae Dysoxylum

Menyanthaceae Liparophyllum

Moraceae Streblus

Nanodeaceae Mida

Nothofagaceae Nothofagus

Nyctaginaceae Pisonia

Oleaceae Nestegis

Orobanchaceae Euphrasia

Paracryphiaceae Quintinia

Passifloraceae Passiflora

Pennantiaceae Pennantia

Phyllanthaceae Poranthera

Pittosporaceae Pittosporum

Rousseaceae Carpodetus

Rutaceae Leionema, Melicope

Santalaceae Exocarpos

Sapindaceae Alectryon, Dodonaea

Sapotaceae Planchonella

Strasburgiaceae Ixerba

Stylidaceae Donatia, Forstera, Oreostylidium, Phyllachne

Tetrachondraceae Tetrachonda

Verbenaceae Teucridium, Vitex

Viscaceae Korthalsella

1. The sole New Zealand Corynocarpus, C. laevigatus, is represented on the Chathams as a naturalised species.

The remarkable absence of indigenous conifers from the islands is all the more peculiar because many of the New Zealand species have fruits well suited to bird dispersal, and the terrestrial Chatham avifauna is one derived from and still being augmented by New Zealand birds (Aikman & Miskelly 2004; Miskelly et al. 2006; de Lange 2007b; Miskelly 2008b). The late Ross Beever (in litt.) thought that the reason for the absence may relate

14 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

more to the lack of suitable mycorrhiza on the Chathams rather than conifer dispersal ability, offering the same explanation for the general ill thrift exhibited by exotic conifers (e.g., Abies, Araucauria, Cupressus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga) growing on the islands, few of which have begun to naturalise, and of those which have, naturalisation has happened only to a very minor extent.

The absence of Nothofagus may also explain the absence of those New Zealand Loranthaceae that are almost exclusively tied to Nothofagus (Norton & de Lange 1999). However, the absence of the two loranthaceous genera Ileostylus and Tupeia from the islands is harder to understand, particularly as these mistletoes have generalist host tendencies (Norton & de Lange 1999) that includes a spectrum of host genera common on the Chatham Islands (e.g., Coprosma, Melicytus, Pseudopanax), and are readily bird dispersed. Indeed, Ileostylus is also known from Norfolk Island (Green 1994) where it mostly parasitises Coprosma pilosa and Pittosporum bracteolatum (de Lange & Crowcroft 1999) proving that it is well suited to long distance dispersal. Considering mistletoes further, another remarkable anomaly in the Chatham Islands indigenous vascular flora is the absence of Korthalsella (Viscaceae), a genus that is characteristic of isolated Pacific island floras (see comments by Barlow 1996; Molvray 1997; Wagner et al. 1999, Nickrent et al. 2010), bird dispersed (Thorsen et al. 2009) and widely distributed through all the main islands of New Zealand.

The absence of indigenous representatives of the Fabaceae is unexplained, unless of course the Chatham Islands occurrences of kōwhai (Sophora chathamica), currently believed to stem from deliberate naturalisation by Māori, prove to be wholly indigenous (Heenan et al. 2001; cf. Shepherd et al. 2010). Fabaceae seed is long lived and well suited to long distance dispersal by water (see Guppy 1906). On the Chatham Islands, Sophora seed is a common component of the drift washed up along the beaches, and this seed is usually viable (Sykes & Godley 1968; Norton et al. 2002). So the apparent absence of at least that genus from the indigenous flora is unusual. While the current distribution of S. chathamica and S. microphylla favours the suggestion that Sophora was initially planted by Māori (see Heenan et al. 2001), the failure of DNA analysis to so far confirm that idea (Shepherd et al. 2010; L. Shepherd pers. comm.) may yet mean that the family is represented in the islands’ indigenous vascular flora after all.

The other notable family absences (see Table 3) probably reflect chance rather than lack of dispersal opportunity, as the families are also characterised by genera that are commonly associated in New Zealand proper with a range of other taxa whose families are present on the Chathams. Further, as Heenan et al. (2010) demonstrated, the endemic flora of the islands has not been derived from particular parts of New Zealand, meaning that, potentially, any propagule suited to long distance dispersal by wind, water or animal has the same opportunity to successfully colonise the islands. During our survey, the discovery of such a weedy, readily dispersed and conspicuous species as Alternanthera denticulata in a site (Blind Jim’s) thoroughly botanised by studious observers over the last two decades, does suggest that long-distance dispersal is indeed ongoing and that, with time, the Chatham Islands indigenous vascular flora can be expected to grow.

Naturalised plantsThe naturalised vascular flora of the Chatham Islands was last assessed in detail by Madden & Healy (1959) and Northcroft (1975) who collectively recorded 211 taxa, 16 of which we have excluded on the basis that there we have seen no supporting specimens lodged in herbaria. This leaves a verified naturalised vascular flora of 195 taxa prior to our survey. Since then the naturalised flora of the Chatham Islands has increased by a further 242 (124%) taxa and informally recognised entities. Some of this gain has come about because, aside from Northcroft’s and Madden’s pioneering collecting efforts in the mid

15de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

1920s and early 1950s, little attention (with the notable exception of visits to the islands by W.R. Sykes) has been paid to naturalised plants by subsequent botanical visitors on the Chathams until the last decade. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that, as with the main islands of New Zealand (Howell & Sawyer 2006), the naturalised flora of the Chatham Islands is rapidly increasing.

Currently, exact data about the naturalised vascular flora of New Zealand is incomplete due to the lack of an update of those non-graminaceous “monocotyledonous” plants which were last treated in 1980 (Healy & Edgar 1980). While Howell & Sawyer (2006) attempts to bridge this gap by incorporating records based on data they gathered from New Zealand’s main herbaria, the classification scheme they used makes direct comparison with the Chathams Flora difficult. Also, there are now many additional records of naturalised plants that they either missed or which have been collected wild since their publication. Therefore, we have not attempted a thorough biogeographic analysis of the Chatham naturalised vascular flora in relation to the entire New Zealand flora, offering instead some observations on the general patterns we have observed. It is to be hoped that, once an update to Healy & Edgar (1980) is published, a more thorough biogeographic analysis of the Chatham naturalised vascular flora can be made.

At present there are 76 vascular plant families on the Chathams that have a naturalised component. Of these, 36 are families that are also considered wholly naturalised to New Zealand proper, e.g., Pinaceae, Selaginellaceae, while 40 represent families with both indigenous and naturalised members, e.g., Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae. The dominant families with a mostly or completely naturalised component are given in Table 4. Of these the key contributing families are still, as noted previously by Madden & Healy (1959), those with an agriculture origin, e.g., Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae. Such key naturalised genera as Trifolium (Clover—12 species on the islands) and many of the exotic grasses stem either from deliberate agricultural naturalisations, e.g., cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) rye grass (Lolium perenne), or have spread as agricultural seed contaminants, e.g., Juncus pallidus, silver tussock (Poa cita) (Madden & Healy 1959).

However, since the work on the Chathams naturalised flora by Madden & Healy (1959) and Northcroft (1975) there has been an increasing trend of new naturalisations sourcing from gardens (Given 1996; de Lange et al. 2008). In particular, the prominence of the Amaryllidaceae which has a completely naturalised assemblage in the Chathams Flora is noteworthy—all of its members can be sourced back to garden escapes and, in some cases (V. Croon jr. pers. comm.), deliberate attempts to naturalise species for beautification purposes, e.g., daffodils (Narcissus spp.). While in most cases such weeds have arisen in the vicinity of garden plantings of the same species, some garden escapes, especially those that are bird dispersed, are now establishing well outside Chatham Island settlements, and some of these weeds pose serious environmental threats unless eradicated, e.g., Chilean rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria), Chilean flame creeper (Tropaeolum speciosum) and arum lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica). The recent establishment of veldt grass (Ehrharta erecta) within a Chatham Island garden also demonstrates another medium whereby undesired weeds are entering the Chatham Island environment. In this case it seems likely that veldt grass came as a pot plant contaminant from a New Zealand source. Gardens may also have been the source of current spike moss (Selaginella kraussiana) infestations on Chatham Island. Spike moss is a common pot plant contaminant in New Zealand nurseries, and, although it has appeared in several Chatham Island sites well outside gardens, the infestations are in places where plantings using New Zealand sourced nursery stock had previously been made.

16 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Table 4. Main contr ibut ing (≥ 10 species) “weedy” fami l ies on the Chatham Is lands

FAMILY NUMBER OF NATURALISED TAXA ON

CHATHAM ISLANDS

TOTAL TAXA PRESENT ON CHATHAM ISLANDS

Amaryllidaceae 16 16

Apiaceae 10 17

Asteraceae 49 91

Brassicaceae 31 43

Caryophyllaceae 11 17

Fabaceae 28 28

Geraniaceae 11 14

Lamiaceae 11 12

Poaceae 55 83

Plantaginaceae 12 24

Ranunculaceae 10 16

Rosaceae 12 17

This pattern is alarming, and it is equally disturbing to see that a range of well-documented environmentally damaging weed species in New Zealand proper are now being cultivated in island gardens. For example, although there as yet no wild occurrences of oxygen weeds (Hydrochartiaceae) on the islands, at least two species (Egeria densa and Elodea canadensis) are grown in Chatham Island gardens. Based on the New Zealand experience (Towns et al. 2010), it is only a matter of time before these aggressive weeds establish in the waterways and wetlands of the Chatham Islands. Should that happen, the impact on the Chatham Islands’ wetlands, eel-fisheries and navigable waterways would be catastrophic. Significantly, our field work has shown an apparent absence of several key weedy plant families (Table 5) which, should they become established on the Chatham Islands, would have a severe impact on its environment, natural resources and economy. In most cases, chance has been a factor. For example, pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana), a well known aggressive weed of mainland New Zealand, is as yet, only known from the islands as sporadic cultivation relicts and as shelter belts. It seems that only male plants are grown on the islands, though whether this was a deliberate past measure to prevent this species spread or an accident is unclear. In any case, it would be much better if these plantings were eliminated now and other indigenous or non-invasive plants utilised as shelter belts instead, e.g., akeake (Olearia traversiorum), harakeke (Phormium tenax), Chatham Island ngaio (Myoporum semotum). We feel that to leave these pampas plants as they are, simply increases the inevitable likelihood that at some stage someone will introduce female plants, after which pampas grass will undoubtedly naturalise.

This highlights our observation that biosecurity measures, at least those regulating the movement of plant stock between New Zealand and the Chathams Islands, were virtually non-existent during the period we undertook out field work (2002–2008). We would stress that it is essential that more stringent controls are put in place, and that islanders embrace these positively: to fail to do so will only serve to create major problems for the island community in the future.

While we don’t know what plants are held in private gardens, an approved survey of most of the landowners’ gardens on Pitt Island in 2008 picked up some interesting patterns. We were able to trace the trade in favoured plants between gardens on Pitt Island and, in most cases, could link these to trade between Pitt Island gardens and those older and larger Chatham Island gardens that we were able to visit. While the survey disclosed only

17de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

a few potential serious weed species, several of these were thoroughly established within gardens, and some, such as mother of thousands (Saxifraga stolonifera) and liquorice plant (Helichrysum petiolare), had expanded into nearby indigenous habitats.

A final problem surrounds those indigenous New Zealand plants that have become established on the Chatham Islands. This listing recognises 21 of these. For some, e.g., pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), houhere (Hoheria populnea), karo (Pittosporum crassifolium) and rangiora (Brachyglottis repanda), the evidence of naturalisation from a New Zealand source is unequivocal. However, for others, such as Coprosma robusta, Dodonaea viscosa, and ngaio (Myoporum laetum), the evidence is less clear, often falling down to a matter of opinion (Heenan & de Lange 2011; B.P.J. Molloy pers. comm.). For some species, such as kopi (Corynocarpus laevigatus), which has clearly been on the islands for a long time, and for raupo (Typha orientalis), which is scarcely established on Chatham Island, there is an oral tradition on the islands of deliberate naturalisation from a New Zealand source (Madden & Healy 1959; de Lange et al. 2008). In the case of kopi, this claim is at the time of writing being thoroughly investigated by the Allan Wilson Centre, Massey University using DNA sequence data. Similarly, Heenan et al. (2001) advanced the hypothesis that “wild” kōwhai (Sophora chathamica, and now possibly S. microphylla) occurrences on Chatham Island stemmed from the Ngāti Tama and Ngāti Mutuuanga invasion of the islands in the late 1830s. Their evidence is based largely on disjunctions of Sophora chathamica in New Zealand proper, the close association of trees in the southern part of its North Island range and on Chatham Island with former Māori pa and kainga, and an oral tradition from Ngāti Raukawa of taking their kōwhai from the Waikato with them as rongoa on the combined Ngāti Toa – Ngati Rāukawa – Ati Awa hikoi to the Wellington area (Heenan et al. 2001). When Ngāti Tama and Ngāti Mutuuanga invaded the Chatham Islands, they came from the shores of the Wellington Harbour and Matiu/Somes Island where Sophora chathamica is also present. So it has been postulated that they took seed of these trees with them to the Chathams. This hypothesis is also being tested by the Allan Wilson Centre, Massey University using DNA sequence data.

For those indigenous New Zealand plants that are clearly naturalised on the Chathams, control, whilst desired, may not always be possible. Some species, such as taupata (Coprosma repens), pose not only a significant risk to the coastal vegetation of the islands but also threatened endemic Coprosma through the propensity of this taupata to hybridise with other Coprosma species. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that taupata is most closely related to the endemic karamū (C. chathamica) (Heenan et al. 2010). Already karamū is known to hybridise with the more distantly related C. robusta, itself a species which, although collected by Travers on one of his visits (most probably the second, 1871 visit), is so localised on the island that many feel it is naturalised (see de Lange et al. 1999a). We suspect it is only a matter of time before karamū hybridises with taupata. Rangiora (Brachyglottis repanda) also poses a threat to rautini (B. huntii). Although neither species is closely related (Heenan et al. 2010), hybrids between them are known from cultivation in New Zealand (Drury 1973), and rangiora is now naturalising from nearby gardens into parts of the southern tablelands where rautini grows. Although pohutukawa poses no risk to the flora through hybridisation, as a large, fast growing, and aggressive coloniser of coastal habitats it poses a future risk to the overall character of the Chatham Islands vegetation. In particular, it occupies much the same range of habitats as akeake (Olearia traversiorum) a culturally significant tree to Chatham Islanders who plant it widely for shelter and use its wood for fencing, buildings and as a highly prized firewood.

18 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Table 5. Vascular plant fami l ies with natural ised exot ic taxa in New Zealand but absent f rom the wild on the Chatham Is lands. † Denotes fami l ies with indigenous representat ives present on the Chatham Is lands. Fami l ies in bold type are those with representat ives considered to have a potent ia l ly damaging impact on the Chatham Is lands should they become establ ished

FAMILY FAMILY FAMILY

Alismataceae Elaeagnaceae Orchidaceae

Alstroemeriaceae Ephedraceae †Osmundaceae

Anacardiaceae Equisetaceae Paulowniaceae

Annonaceae †Ericaceae †Phrymaceae

Aponogetonaceae Escalloniaceae Phyllanthaceae

Arecaceae† Fagaceae Phytolaccaceae

Aristolochiaceae Garryaceae Platanaceae

Balsaminaceae Ginkgoaceaea Plumbaginaceae

Begoniaceae †Haloragaceae Podocarpaceae

Berberidaceae Haemodoraceae Polemoniaceae

Betulaceae Hamamelidaceae Polygalaceae

Bignoniaceae Hydrocharitaceae †Polypodiaceae

Buxaceae Hypoxidaceae Pontederiaceae

Cabombaceae Juglandaceae †Potamogetonaceae

Cactaceae Lardizabalaceae †Pteridaceae

Calceolariaceae Lauraceae Resedaceae

Calycanthaceae †Lentibulariaceae †Rhamnaceae

Calyceraceae Liliaceae Rutaceae

Cannaceae Limnocharitaceae Sarraceniaceae

Casuarinaceae Linderniaceae Saururaceae

Ceratophyllaceae Marsileaceae Schisandraceae

Cistaceae Meliaceae Simaroubaceae

Cleomaceae Melianthaceae Smilaceae

Cornaceae Magnoliaceae Staphyleaceae

Cucurbitaceae Menyanthaceaea Tamaricaceae

Cunoniaceae Melastomataceae Taxaceae

†Cyatheaceae Molluginaceae Taxodiaceae

Davalliaceae Moraceae Theaceae

†Dennstaedtiaceae Muntingiaceae †Thymelaeaceae

Dioscoreaceae Musaceae Ulmaceae

Dilleniaceae Nymphaeaceae Verbenaceae

Droseraceae Nyctaginaceae Zygophyllaceae

Ebenaceae Ochnaceae

19de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Acknowledgements

Many people have helped in the preparation of this document. We thank all visitors and residents of the Chatham Islands who, over the past 170 years, have collected information about the plants that occur there. In particular we acknowledge the contribution of the late David Given (1943–2005), whose original interest in the endemic plants, threatened species and flora of the Chatham archipelago provided the necessary stimulus for the preparation of a checklist of the vascular plants of the islands.

This checklist is firmly based on herbarium specimens. We thank the following people for access to and the use of plant specimens collected from the Chatham Islands and under their curatorial care: Ewen Cameron, Mei Nee Lee, Rhys Gardner and John Braggins (AK), Roy Vickery (BM), David Norton, Manfred Ingerfeld (CANU), Aaron Wilton, Ines Schönberger (CHR), Jim Ross, Neville Walsh and Cathryn Coles from the Melbourne Herbarium (MEL), the former curators of NZFRI (Chris Ecroyd) and WAIK (Catherine Beard), Patrick Brownsey, Leon Perrie and Barry Sneddon (WELT, WELTU), and various ABLO liaison officers at Kew but especially Rod Seppelt and Tony Orchard.

Amanda Baird, Jim Clarkson, Bridget Gibb, Naomi Goomes, Ken Hunt, Denny Prendeville, and Dale Williams, (Current or former staff of the Department of Conservation, Chatham Islands Area), Val Croon junior, Suzan Dopson, Mark Hansen, Jocelelon Janon, Ian McFadden, Wendy Nelson, Colin Ogle, Lara Shepherd, Steve Thompson, Alison Turner and the members of the Chatham Island Threatened Plant Advisory Panel are thanked for providing specimens, advice and information about the plants of Chatham Islands, as well as their infectious and ongoing enthusiasm for plant conservation, and their comments on an earlier draft of this document. Brian Molloy and Bill Sykes assisted us with comments on their specialist groups, and, of course access to their field notebooks and specimens. We thank the late Ross Beever for comments on conifer fungal associations and mycorrhiza, and Carlos Lehnebach for advice concerning Uncinia rupestris and its close allies. John Sawyer, formerly working for Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy, Department of Conservation is acknowledged for providing the initial impetus for compiling an updated checklist of the Chatham Islands flora (de Lange et al. 2009). John foresaw a need to take that checklist further by incorporating both indigenous and naturalised plants into a single listing, and he found the funds to see the publication of the checklist.

20 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

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23de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

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24 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

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.Ric

h.)

Bro

wns

ey e

t C

hinn

ock

× H

. ru

foba

rbat

a (C

olen

so)

N.A

.Wak

efA

K 2

8137

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Den

nsta

edti

acea

eH

ypol

epis

dic

kson

ioid

es (

End

l.) H

ook.

grou

nd f

ern

AK

295

817

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Den

nsta

edti

acea

eH

ypol

epis

dis

tans

Hoo

k.A

K 1

3650

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Den

nsta

edti

acea

eH

ypol

epis

lact

ea B

row

nsey

et

Chi

nnoc

km

ilk

fern

AK

172

005

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Den

nsta

edti

acea

eH

ypol

epis

mil

lefo

lium

Hoo

k.th

ousa

nd-l

eave

d fe

rnW

ELT

P12

516

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Den

nsta

edti

acea

eH

ypol

epis

ruf

obar

bata

(C

olen

so)

N.A

.Wak

ef.

stic

ky p

ig f

ern

CH

R 2

8835

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

25de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Den

nsta

edti

acea

eLi

ndsa

ea li

near

is S

w.

AK

142

495

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Den

nsta

edti

acea

ePa

esia

sca

beru

la (

A.R

ich.

) K

uhn

Pig

fer

nm

ātāt

āA

K 2

1114

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Dic

kson

iace

aeD

icks

onia

fib

rosa

Col

enso

whe

kī-p

onga

AK

227

199

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Dic

kson

iace

aeD

icks

onia

squ

arro

sa (

G.F

orst

.) S

w.

hars

h tr

ee f

ern

whe

kīA

K 1

3795

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

*C

ysto

pter

is fr

agil

is (

L.)

Ber

nh.

brit

tle

blad

der

fern

AK

281

404

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

*D

ryop

teri

s fi

lix-

mas

(L.

) Sc

hott

mal

e fe

rnA

K 2

8589

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Last

reop

sis

glab

ella

(A

.Cun

n.)

Tin

dale

smoo

th s

hiel

d fe

rnA

K 1

5009

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Last

reop

sis

hisp

ida

(Sw

.) T

inda

leha

iry

fern

AK

150

103

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Last

reop

sis

mic

roso

ra s

ubsp

. pen

tang

ular

is (

Col

enso

) T

inda

leA

K 1

3795

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Lept

olep

ia n

ovae

-zel

andi

ae (

Col

enso

) M

ett.

ex

Die

lsla

ce f

ern

CH

R 1

8723

4A/B

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Poly

stic

hum

neo

zela

ndic

um F

ée s

ubsp

. neo

zela

ndic

umsh

ield

fer

npū

niu

AK

296

749

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Poly

stic

hum

neo

zela

ndic

um F

ée s

ubsp

. neo

zela

ndic

um ×

P.

?ves

titu

m (

G.F

orst

.) C

.Pre

slW

ELT

P12

512

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Poly

stic

hum

neo

zela

ndic

um s

ubsp

. zer

ophy

llum

(C

olen

so)

Perr

iesh

ield

fer

npū

niu

AK

296

525

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Poly

stic

hum

ocu

latu

m (

Hoo

k.f.)

J.B

.Arm

str.

blac

k sh

ield

fer

npū

niu

AK

300

715

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Poly

stic

hum

ves

titu

mpr

ickl

y sh

ield

fer

npū

niu-

o-m

anuh

iri

AK

299

664

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Poly

stic

hum

waw

ranu

m (

Szys

zyl.

in W

awra

) Pe

rrie

shie

ld f

ern

pūni

uA

K 2

9614

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Poly

stic

hum

aff

. ves

titu

mC

hath

am s

hiel

d fe

rnpū

niu-

o-re

kohu

CH

R 1

8702

6C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Dry

opte

rida

ceae

Rum

ohra

adi

anti

form

is (

G.F

orst

.) C

hing

clim

bing

shi

eld

fern

AK

138

065

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Gle

iche

niac

eae

Gle

iche

nia

dica

rpa

R.B

r.Sw

amp

umbr

ella

fer

nA

K 1

5009

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Gra

mm

itid

acea

eC

teno

pter

is h

eter

ophy

lla

(Lab

ill.)

Tin

dale

com

b fe

rnA

K 2

1503

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Gra

mm

itid

acea

eG

ram

mit

is b

illa

rdie

rei W

illd

.co

mm

on s

trap

fer

nC

HR

187

373

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Gra

mm

itid

acea

eG

ram

mit

is g

iven

ii P

arri

sG

iven

’s s

trap

fer

nA

K 2

9618

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Gra

mm

itid

acea

eG

ram

mit

is m

agel

lani

ca D

esv.

sub

sp. m

agel

lani

cast

rap

fern

AK

296

249

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Gra

mm

itid

acea

eG

ram

mit

is m

agel

lani

ca s

ubsp

. not

hofa

geti

Par

ris

stra

p fe

rnA

K 2

3043

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Gra

mm

itid

acea

eG

ram

mit

is p

atag

onic

a (C

.Chr

.) P

arri

sst

rap

fern

AK

295

983

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eC

ardi

oman

es r

enif

orm

e (G

.For

st.)

C.P

resl

kidn

ey f

ern

kone

huA

K 1

4198

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

biv

alve

(G

.For

st.)

Sw

.fi

lmy

fern

WE

LT P

3472

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

cup

ress

ifor

me

Labi

ll.

film

y fe

rnA

K 3

0074

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

dem

issu

m (

G.F

orst

.) S

w.

droo

ping

fil

my

fern

piri

piri

AK

139

898

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

dil

atat

um (

G.F

orst

.) S

w.

film

y fe

rnm

atua

mau

kuA

K 1

3990

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

26 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

flab

ella

tum

Lab

ill.

fan-

like

fil

my

fern

WE

LT P

3437

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

flex

uosu

m A

.Cun

n.cr

ispe

d fi

lmy

fern

WE

LT P

3668

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

lyal

lii H

ook.

f.fi

lmy

fern

AK

305

162

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

min

imum

A.R

ich.

film

y fe

rnA

K 2

3043

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

mul

tifi

dum

(G

.For

st.)

Sw

.m

uch-

divi

ded

film

y fe

rnW

ELT

P34

72 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

rar

um R

.Br.

film

y fe

rnC

HR

403

309

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

rev

olut

um C

olen

sofi

lmy

fern

AK

303

979

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

sca

brum

A.R

ich.

roug

h fi

lmy

fern

WE

LT P

3668

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eH

ymen

ophy

llum

vil

losu

m C

olen

soha

iry

film

y fe

rnA

K 2

9608

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eTr

icho

man

es c

olen

soi H

ook.

f.C

olen

so’s

bri

stle

fer

nA

K 2

2997

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eTr

icho

man

es e

long

atum

A.C

unn.

bris

tle

fern

AK

300

692

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eTr

icho

man

es e

ndli

cher

ianu

m C

.Pre

slE

ndli

cher

’s b

rist

le f

ern

AK

228

204

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eTr

icho

man

es s

tric

tum

Men

zies

ex

Hoo

k. e

t G

rev.

erec

t br

istl

e fe

rnA

K 2

2820

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hym

enop

hyll

acea

eTr

icho

man

es v

enos

um R

.Br.

vein

ed b

rist

le f

ern

AK

141

999

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ole

andr

acea

eA

rthr

opte

ris

tene

lla

(G.F

orst

.) J

.Sm

. ex

Hoo

k.f.

join

ted

fern

CH

R 3

595

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Oph

iogl

ossa

ceae

Bot

rych

ium

aus

tral

e R

.Br.

pars

ley

fern

pātō

tara

AK

300

649

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Oph

iogl

ossa

ceae

Bot

rych

ium

bif

orm

e C

olen

sofi

ne-l

eave

d pa

rsle

y fe

rnA

K 3

0065

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Oph

iogl

ossa

ceae

Oph

iogl

ossu

m c

oria

ceum

A.C

unn.

Add

er’s

ton

gue

WE

LT P

1250

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Oph

iogl

ossa

ceae

Oph

iogl

ossu

m p

etio

latu

m H

ook.

stal

ked

adde

r’s

tong

ueA

K 1

3659

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Osm

unda

ceae

Lept

opte

ris

hym

enop

hyll

oide

s (A

.Ric

h.)

C.P

resl

sing

le c

rape

fer

nhe

ruhe

ruA

K 9

18 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poly

podi

acea

e*

Loxo

gram

me

dict

yopt

eris

(M

ett.

) C

opel

.la

nce

fern

AK

303

792

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poly

podi

acea

eM

icro

soru

m p

ustu

latu

m (

G.F

orst

.) C

opel

. sub

sp. p

ustu

latu

mho

und’

s to

ngue

kōw

aow

ao,

AK

840

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poly

podi

acea

eM

icro

soru

m s

cand

ens

(G.F

orst

.) T

inda

lefr

agra

nt f

ern

mok

imok

iA

K 1

4250

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poly

podi

acea

ePy

rros

ia e

leag

nifo

lia

(Bor

y) H

oven

kam

ple

athe

r-le

af f

ern

AK

853

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Psil

otac

eae

Tmes

ipte

ris

tann

ensi

s (S

pren

g.)

Ber

nh.

fork

fer

nC

HR

403

236

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Psil

otac

eae

Tmes

ipte

ris

lanc

eola

ta P

.A.D

ang

fork

fer

nA

K 2

9664

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Psil

otac

eae

Tmes

ipte

ris

elon

gata

P.A

.Dan

gfo

rk f

ern

AK

230

462

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pte

rida

ceae

Adi

antu

m c

unni

ngha

mii

Hoo

k.C

unni

ngha

m’s

m

aide

nhai

rta

wat

awa

WE

LT P

8285

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pte

rida

ceae

Adi

antu

m d

iaph

anum

Blu

me

tube

r-ro

oted

mai

denh

air

AK

303

483

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pte

rida

ceae

Adi

antu

m fu

lvum

Rao

ulm

aide

nhai

r A

K 3

0099

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

27de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Pte

rida

ceae

Adi

antu

m h

ispi

dulu

m S

war

tzro

sy m

aide

nhai

r fe

rnA

K 2

9770

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Pte

rida

ceae

Pell

aea

rotu

ndif

olia

(G

.For

st.)

Hoo

k.bu

tton

fer

nta

raw

era

WE

LT P

3674

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pte

rida

ceae

Pter

idiu

m e

scul

entu

m (

G.F

orst

.) C

ocka

yne

brac

ken

aruh

eA

K 2

2997

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Pte

rida

ceae

Pter

is m

acil

enta

A.R

ich.

swee

t fe

rnW

ELT

P12

521

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pte

rida

ceae

Pter

is t

rem

ula

R.B

r.sh

akin

g br

ake

tura

wer

aC

HR

496

820

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Schi

zaea

ceae

Schi

zaea

aus

tral

is G

audi

ch.

sout

hern

com

b fe

rnA

K 8

88 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Schi

zaea

ceae

Schi

zaea

fist

ulos

a La

bill

.co

mb

fern

AK

227

189

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

The

lypt

erid

acea

ePn

eum

atop

teri

s pe

nnig

era

(G.F

orst

.) H

oltt

umgu

lly

fern

pāka

uroh

aroh

aW

ELT

P37

01 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Gym

nosp

erm

s (4

)

Ara

ucar

iace

ae*

Ara

ucar

ia h

eter

ophy

lla

(Sal

isb.

) Fr

anco

Nor

folk

pin

eA

K 2

9614

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Cup

ress

acea

e*

Cup

ress

us lu

sita

nica

Mil

l. va

r. lu

sita

nica

Mex

ican

cyp

ress

AK

295

819

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cup

ress

acea

e*

Cup

ress

us m

acro

carp

a H

artw

. ex

Gor

don

mac

roca

rpa

AK

295

899

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pin

acea

e*

Pinu

s ra

diat

a D

.Don

radi

ata

pine

AK

285

915

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Mag

noli

ids

(1)

Pip

erac

eae

Mac

ropi

per

exce

lsum

(G

.For

st.)

Miq

. sub

sp. e

xcel

sum

pepp

er t

ree

kaw

akaw

aA

K 2

2716

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Mon

ocot

s I

(86)

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*A

gapa

nthu

s pr

aeco

x su

bsp.

ori

enta

lis

(F.M

.Lei

ght)

F.M

.Lei

ght

agap

anth

usA

K 2

9592

8-29

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*A

lliu

m c

epa

L.on

ion

AK

304

121

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*A

lliu

m p

orru

m L

.le

ekA

K 2

9617

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*A

lliu

m s

choe

nopr

asum

L.

chiv

esA

K 2

9601

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*A

lliu

m t

riqu

etru

m L

.th

ree-

corn

ered

gar

lic

CH

R 4

6976

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*A

lliu

m v

inea

le v

ar. c

ompa

ctum

(T

huil

l.) B

or.

wil

d on

ion

AK

296

121

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*Ip

heio

n un

iflo

rum

(Li

ndl.)

Raf

.sp

ring

sta

r-fl

ower

CH

R 5

9489

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*Le

ucoj

um a

esti

vum

L.

spri

ng s

now

flak

eA

K 3

0031

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*N

arci

ssus

jonq

uill

a L.

daff

odil

AK

300

316

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*N

arci

ssus

pap

yrac

eus

Ker

Gaw

l. ‘P

aper

Whi

te’

daff

odil

AK

300

314

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*N

arci

ssus

poe

ticu

s L.

Poet

’s d

affo

dil

CH

R 5

9474

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*N

arci

ssus

pse

udon

arci

ssus

L.

daff

odil

CH

R 5

9489

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*N

arci

ssus

taz

etta

L.

daff

odil

AK

300

315

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*N

arci

ssus

taz

etta

L. ‘

Ear

ly C

heer

’da

ffod

ilC

HR

594

848

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*N

arci

ssus

×in

com

para

bili

s M

ill.

daff

odil

CH

R 5

9489

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

28 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Am

aryl

lida

ceae

*N

arci

ssus

×m

edio

lute

us M

ill.

daff

odil

CH

R 5

9485

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ara

ceae

*A

rum

ital

icum

Mil

l.It

alia

n ar

umC

HR

403

216

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ara

ceae

*La

ndol

tia

punc

tata

(G

.Mey

.) L

es e

t D

.J.C

raw

ford

purp

le-b

acke

d du

ckw

eed

CH

R 5

6806

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ara

ceae

Lem

na m

inor

L.

duck

wee

dkā

rear

eaA

K 2

9617

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ara

ceae

Wol

ffia

aus

tral

iana

(B

enth

.) H

arto

g et

Pla

sw

ater

mea

lA

K 2

9966

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ara

ceae

*Z

ante

desc

hia

aeth

iopi

ca (

L.)

Spre

ng.

arum

lil

yC

HR

585

635

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Asp

arag

acea

e†

Art

hrop

odiu

m c

irra

tum

(G

.For

st.)

R.B

r.re

ngar

enga

lil

yre

ngar

enga

AK

295

078

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Asp

arag

acea

e†

Cor

dyli

ne a

ustr

alis

(G

.For

st.)

End

l.ca

bbag

e tr

eeti

AK

291

428

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Asp

arag

acea

e*

Euco

mis

com

osa

(Hou

tt.)

Weh

rh.

pine

appl

e li

lyA

K 2

9998

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Asp

arag

acea

e*

Hya

cint

hoid

es n

on-s

crip

ta (

L.)

Cho

uard

ex

Rot

hm.

blue

bell

CH

R 5

9485

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Asp

arag

acea

e*

Mus

cari

arm

enia

cum

Bak

ergr

ape

hyac

inth

AK

172

003

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

elia

ceae

Ast

elia

cha

tham

ica

(Sko

ttsb

.) L

.B.M

oore

Mor

iori

fla

xka

kaha

CH

R 2

6948

2C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Hem

eroc

alli

dace

ae*

Alo

e ar

bore

scen

s M

ill

cand

elab

ra a

loe

AK

300

350

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Hem

eroc

alli

dace

ae*

Alo

e m

acul

ata

All

.so

ap a

loe

AK

298

519

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Irid

acea

e*

Cro

cosm

ia ×

croc

osm

iifl

ora

(G.N

icho

lson

) N

.E.B

r.m

ontb

reti

aC

HR

541

801

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Irid

acea

e*

Gla

diol

us c

omm

unis

sub

sp. b

yzan

tinu

s (M

ille

r). A

.P.H

ham

.gl

adio

lus

CH

R 6

0459

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Irid

acea

e*

Gla

diol

us ×

colv

ille

i Sw

eet

glad

iolu

sC

HR

602

343

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Irid

acea

e*

Iris

pse

udac

orus

L.

yell

ow f

lag

CH

R 9

7747

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Irid

acea

e*

Iris

ung

uicu

lari

s Po

ir.

AK

300

011

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Irid

acea

eLi

bert

ia p

ereg

rina

ns C

ocka

yne

et A

llan

nati

ve i

ris

mik

oiko

iA

K 2

2846

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Irid

acea

e*

Sisy

rinc

hium

irid

ifol

ium

Kun

thpu

rple

-eye

d gr

ass

AK

295

918

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Irid

acea

e*

Trit

onia

line

ata

(Sal

isb.

) K

er G

awl.

trit

onia

AK

295

789

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Irid

acea

e*

Wat

soni

a m

eria

na (

L.)

Mil

l.w

atso

nia

CH

R 6

0480

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Irid

acea

e*

Wat

soni

a ze

yler

i L.B

olus

wat

soni

aC

HR

604

804

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Junc

agin

acea

eTr

iglo

chin

str

iata

Rui

z et

Pav

.C

HR

178

479

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Aci

anth

us s

incl

airi

i Hoo

k.f.

hear

t-le

aved

orc

hid

AK

170

667

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Ade

noch

ilus

gra

cili

s H

ook.

f.C

HR

532

785

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Apo

rost

ylis

bif

olia

(H

ook.

f.) R

upp

et H

atch

odd-

leav

ed o

rchi

dA

K 1

7063

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Cal

aden

ia c

hlor

osty

la D

.L.J

ones

, Mol

loy

et M

.A.C

lem

.A

K 2

5505

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Cal

aden

ia v

arie

gata

Col

enso

CH

R 5

3476

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

29de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Orc

hida

ceae

Chi

logl

otti

s co

rnut

a H

ook.

f.gr

een

bird

orc

hid

AK

170

684

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Cor

ybas

che

esem

anii

(H

ook.

f. ex

Kir

k) K

untz

eA

K 2

2995

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Cor

ybas

irid

esce

ns I

rwin

et

Mol

loy

spid

er o

rchi

dC

HR

585

752

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Cor

ybas

mac

rant

hus

(Hoo

k.f.)

Rch

b.f.

spid

er o

rchi

dC

HR

541

689

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Cor

ybas

obl

ongu

s (H

ook.

f.) R

chb.

f.A

K 2

2995

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Cor

ybas

orb

icul

atus

(C

olen

so)

L.B

.Moo

resp

ider

orc

hid

CH

R 1

7850

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Cor

ybas

rot

undi

foli

us (

Hoo

k.f.)

Rch

b.f.

helm

et o

rchi

dC

HR

594

948

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Den

drob

ium

cun

ning

ham

ii L

indl

.C

hris

tmas

orc

hid

peka

peka

AK

229

949

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Dry

moa

nthu

s ad

vers

us (

Hoo

k.f.)

Doc

kril

lA

K 2

3047

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Eari

na a

esti

vali

s C

hees

eman

bam

boo

orch

idpe

ka-a

-wak

aA

K 2

3047

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Eari

na m

ucro

nata

Lin

dl.

bam

boo

orch

idpe

ka-a

-wak

aA

K 1

5044

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Gas

trod

ia c

unni

ngha

mii

Hoo

k.f.

blac

k or

chid

pere

iA

K 3

680

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Gen

ople

sium

nud

um (

Hoo

k.f.)

D.L

.Jon

es e

t M

.A.C

lem

.le

ek o

rchi

dC

HR

398

162

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Gen

ople

sium

pum

ilum

(H

ook.

f.) D

.L.J

ones

et

M.A

.Cle

m.

leek

orc

hid

AK

302

031

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Mic

roti

s ol

igan

tha

L.B

.Moo

resm

all

onio

n or

chid

AK

227

738

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Mic

roti

s un

ifol

ia (

G.F

orst

.) R

chb.

f.on

ion

orch

idA

K 2

2913

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Mic

roti

s af

f. un

ifol

ia

onio

n or

chid

AK

296

182

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Nem

atoc

eras

aff

. sul

catu

msp

ider

orc

hid

AK

300

648

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Orc

hida

ceae

Pras

ophy

llum

col

enso

i Hoo

k.f.

Col

enso

’s l

eek

orch

idC

HR

403

134

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Pras

ophy

llum

hec

tori

i (B

ucha

nan)

Mol

loy,

D.L

.Jon

es e

t M

.A.C

lem

.H

ecto

r’s

leek

orc

hid

CH

R 5

0899

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Pter

osty

lis

alob

ula

(Hat

ch)

L.B

.Moo

regr

een

hood

tutu

kiw

iA

K 3

0024

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Pter

osty

lis

auri

cula

ta C

olen

sogr

eenh

ood

tutu

kiw

iC

HR

604

805

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Pter

osty

lis

bank

sii A

.Cun

n.gr

eenh

ood

tutu

kiw

iA

K 2

2719

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

Pter

osty

lis

mic

rom

ega

Hoo

k.f.

swam

p gr

eenh

ood

tutu

kiw

iC

HR

288

394

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

Pter

osty

lis

silv

icul

trix

(F.

Mue

ll.)

Mol

loy,

D.L

. Jon

es e

t M

.A.C

lem

.C

hath

am I

slan

ds

gree

nhoo

dtu

tuki

wi

AK

227

380

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Orc

hida

ceae

Pter

osty

lis

aff.

mon

tana

gree

nhoo

dtu

tuki

wi

AK

350

0C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Orc

hida

ceae

Spir

anth

es n

ovae

-zel

andi

ae H

ook.

f.la

dy’s

tre

sses

CH

R 1

9177

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

The

lym

itra

cya

nea

(Lin

dl.)

Ben

th.

stri

ped

sun

orch

idm

āika

kaC

HR

150

832

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

The

lym

itra

long

ifol

ia J

.R.F

orst

et

G.F

orst

. s.l.

whi

te s

un o

rchi

dm

āika

kaC

HR

158

351

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Orc

hida

ceae

The

lym

itra

ner

vosa

Col

enso

spot

ted

sun

orch

idm

āika

kaC

HR

534

747

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

30 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Orc

hida

ceae

The

lym

itra

pul

chel

la H

ook.

f.su

n or

chid

māi

kaka

AK

343

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Orc

hida

ceae

The

lym

itra

aff

. pau

cifl

ora

sun

orch

idm

āika

kaC

HR

534

750

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pota

mog

eton

acea

eLe

pila

ena

bilo

cula

ris

Kir

kA

K 2

3653

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Pota

mog

eton

acea

ePo

tam

oget

on c

hees

eman

ii A

.Ben

n.re

d po

ndw

ood

rērē

wai

AK

296

078

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pota

mog

eton

acea

eSt

ucke

nia

pect

inat

a (L

.) B

örne

rfe

nnel

-lea

ved

pond

wee

dA

K 2

2807

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Rip

ogon

acea

eRi

pogo

num

sca

nden

s J.

R.F

orst

. et

G.F

orst

.su

pple

jack

kare

aoA

K 2

3047

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Rup

piac

eae

Rup

pia

meg

acar

pa R

.Mas

onho

rse’

s m

ane

wee

dA

K 2

8191

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Rup

piac

eae

Rup

pia

poly

carp

a R

.Mas

onho

rse’

s m

ane

wee

dC

HR

288

382

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Xan

thor

rhoe

acea

eH

erpo

liri

on n

ovae

zela

ndia

e H

ook.

f.sk

y li

lyA

K 2

9294

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Xan

thor

rhoe

acea

e*

Kni

phof

ia u

vari

a (L

.) H

ook.

red

hot

poke

rC

HR

610

002

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Xan

thor

rhoe

acea

ePh

orm

ium

ten

ax J

.R.F

orst

, et

G.F

orst

.m

uka

flax

hara

keke

CH

R 5

0391

8,

CH

R 5

0393

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Mon

ocot

s II

—C

omm

elin

ids

(153

)

Are

cace

aeR

hopa

lost

ylis

sap

ida

cabb

age

tree

nika

uA

K 2

2714

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Com

mel

inac

eae

*Tr

ades

cant

ia fl

umin

ensi

s V

ell.

wan

deri

ng je

wC

HR

585

634

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Com

mel

inac

eae

*Tr

ades

cant

ia a

ff. f

lum

inen

sis

wan

deri

ng je

wA

K 2

9760

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Cyp

erac

eae

Bau

mea

art

hrop

hyll

a (N

ees)

Boe

ckC

HR

568

081

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Bau

mea

rub

igin

osa

(Spr

eng.

) B

oeck

.co

mm

on t

wig

rus

hA

K 1

7070

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Bau

mea

ten

ax (

Hoo

k.f.)

S.T

.Bla

keA

K 2

2997

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex a

ppre

ssa

R.B

r.tu

ssoc

k se

dge

AK

230

426

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex c

hath

amic

a Pe

trie

Cha

tham

Isl

ands

sw

amp

sedg

eA

K 2

2820

5C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Cyp

erac

eae

*C

arex

div

ulsa

Sto

kes

AK

297

962

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cyp

erac

eae

*C

arex

flac

ca S

chre

b.bl

ue s

edge

AK

281

444

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex fl

agel

life

ra C

olen

sotr

ip-m

e-up

CH

R 5

9500

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex fl

avif

orm

is N

elm

esye

llow

sed

geA

K 2

2820

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex p

umil

a T

hunb

.sa

nd s

edge

CH

R 2

8876

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex s

ecta

Boo

ttni

gger

hea

dpu

kio

AK

236

413

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex s

ecto

ides

(K

ük.)

Edg

arni

gger

hea

dA

K 2

2717

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex t

enui

culm

is (

Petr

ie)

Hee

nan

et d

e La

nge

slen

der

nigg

er h

ead

CH

R 3

9907

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex t

erna

ria

Boo

ttso

uthe

rn c

utty

gra

ssra

utah

iA

K 2

2719

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex t

rifi

da C

av.

mut

ton

bird

sed

geta

taki

AK

229

971

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

31de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex v

ento

sa C

.B.C

lark

eC

hath

am I

slan

ds f

ores

t se

dge

AK

228

471

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex v

irga

ta S

ol. e

x B

oott

toit

oiA

K 2

2770

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Car

ex a

ppre

ssa

R.B

r. ×

C. v

irga

ta S

ol. e

x B

oott

AK

227

731

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

*C

yper

us e

ragr

osti

s La

m.

umbr

ella

sed

gepu

keta

ngat

aA

K 3

0075

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Cyp

erac

eae

Cyp

erus

ust

ulat

us A

.Ric

h.co

asta

l cu

tty

gras

sup

okot

anga

taC

HR

187

505

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Eleo

char

is a

cuta

R.B

r.sh

arp

spik

e ru

shA

K 2

2846

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Eleo

char

is g

raci

lis

R.B

r.sl

ende

r sp

ike

rush

CH

R 2

9330

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Fici

nia

nodo

sa (

Rot

tb.)

Goe

tgh.

, Mua

sya

et D

.A.S

imps

onkn

obby

clu

b ru

shw

iwi

AK

150

291

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Fici

nia

spir

alis

(A

.Ric

h.)

Mua

sya

et d

e La

nge

gold

en s

and

sedg

epi

ngao

AK

228

462

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

auc

klan

dica

Hoo

k.f.

AK

232

569

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

bas

ilar

is H

ook.

f.py

gmy

club

rush

AK

298

647

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

cer

nua

(Vah

l) R

oem

. et

Schu

lt. v

ar. c

ernu

asl

ende

r cl

ubru

shA

K 2

2896

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

dis

tigm

atos

a (C

.B.C

lark

e) E

dgar

AK

229

971

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

hab

ra (

Edg

ar)

Sojá

kA

K 2

2717

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

inun

data

R.B

r.C

HR

913

86 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

pot

tsii

(V

.J.C

ook)

Soj

ákA

K 2

9633

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

pra

etex

tata

(E

dgar

) So

ják

AK

296

336

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

pro

life

r (R

ottb

.) R

.Br.

AK

230

424

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Isol

epis

ret

icul

aris

Col

enso

AK

213

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Lepi

dosp

erm

a au

stra

le (

A.R

ich.

) H

ook.

f.sq

uare

sed

geA

K 1

5029

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Scho

enop

lect

us p

unge

ns (

Vah

l) P

alla

thre

e sq

uare

AK

227

701

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Scho

enop

lect

us t

aber

naem

onta

ni (

C.C

.Gm

el.)

Pal

lala

ke c

lubr

ush

kūw

āwā

AK

236

684

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Scho

enus

apo

gon

Roe

m. e

t Sc

hult

.A

K 1

7066

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Scho

enus

con

cinn

us H

ook.

f.A

K 2

9564

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Scho

enus

flui

tans

Hoo

k.f.

AK

295

161

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Scho

enus

mas

chal

inus

Roe

m. e

t Sc

hult

.C

HR

221

322

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Scho

enus

nit

ens

(R.B

r.)

Roe

m. e

t Sc

hult

.A

K 2

3044

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Scho

enus

pau

cifl

orus

(H

ook.

f.) H

ook.

f.w

iwi

AK

232

568

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cyp

erac

eae

Unc

inia

ang

usti

foli

a H

amli

nba

star

d gr

ass

CH

R 2

9482

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cyp

erac

eae

Unc

inia

zot

ovii

Ham

lin

Zot

ov’s

bas

tard

gra

ssC

HR

294

828

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

32 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Cyp

erac

eae

Unc

inia

aff

. unc

inat

aC

hath

am I

slan

d ba

star

d gr

ass

AK

230

477

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

ant

arct

icus

Hoo

k.f.

dwar

f ru

shC

HR

399

090

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Junc

acea

e*

Junc

us a

rtic

ulat

us L

.jo

inte

d ru

shC

HR

567

961

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Junc

acea

e*

Junc

us b

ufon

ius

L. v

ar. b

ufon

ius

toad

rus

hA

K 2

976

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

dis

tegu

s E

dgar

leaf

less

rus

hw

iwi

CH

R 1

8720

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

edg

aria

e L.

A.S

.Joh

nson

et

K.L

.Wil

son

Edg

ar’s

rus

hw

iwi

CH

R 1

8754

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Junc

acea

e*

Junc

us h

olos

choe

nus

var.

mul

tifl

orus

Car

seA

K 2

2821

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

kra

usii

var

. aus

tral

iens

is (

Buc

hena

u) S

noge

rup

sea

rush

wiw

iC

HR

293

191

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Junc

acea

e†

Junc

us p

alli

dus

R.B

r.gi

ant

rush

wiw

iA

K 2

2821

2N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

pla

nifo

lius

R.B

r.gr

ass-

leav

ed r

ush

CH

R 4

9688

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

pri

smat

ocar

pus

R.B

r.an

gled

-fru

it r

ush

AK

228

078

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

pus

illu

s B

uche

nau

dwar

f ru

shA

K 2

3101

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

sar

opho

rus

L.A

.S.J

ohns

onle

afle

ss f

an r

ush

wiw

iC

HR

187

536

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Junc

acea

e*

Junc

us t

enui

s W

illd

. var

. ten

uis

trac

k ru

shA

K 2

9616

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Junc

acea

eJu

ncus

ust

itat

us L

.A.S

.Joh

nson

leaf

less

rus

hw

iwi

AK

299

144

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Junc

acea

eLu

zula

ban

ksia

na v

ar. a

cra

Edg

arco

asta

l w

oodr

ush

AK

230

480

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Junc

acea

e*

Luzu

la c

ampe

stri

s (L

.) D

C.

fiel

d w

oodr

ush

CH

R 5

9479

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Junc

acea

e*

Luzu

la c

onge

sta

(Thu

ill.)

Lej

.w

oodr

ush

CH

R 4

0308

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*A

gros

tis

capi

llar

is L

. br

ownt

opA

K 2

9601

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*A

gros

tis

stol

onif

era

L.cr

eepi

ng b

ent

AK

231

009

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*A

ira

cary

ophy

llea

L. s

ubsp

. car

yoph

ylle

asi

lver

y ha

ir g

rass

CH

R 4

3656

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*A

ira

prae

cox

L.ea

rly

hair

gra

ssA

K 2

0973

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*A

lope

curu

s ge

nicu

latu

s L.

kn

eed

foxt

ail

AK

228

970

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*A

mm

ophi

la a

rena

ria

(L.)

Lin

k m

arra

mA

K 9

8127

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*A

ntho

xant

hum

odo

ratu

m L

. sw

eet

vern

al g

rass

CH

R 8

2502

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*A

rrhe

nath

erum

ela

tius

sub

sp. b

ulbo

sum

(W

illd

.) S

chüb

l. et

G

.Mar

tens

onio

n tw

itch

CH

R 1

8758

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

Aus

trod

eria

tur

bari

a (C

onno

r) N

.P.B

arke

r et

H.P

.Lin

der

Cha

tham

Isl

and

toet

oeto

etoe

AK

232

570

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Poac

eae

*A

vena

fatu

a L.

wil

d oa

tA

K 2

1634

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*B

riza

max

ima

L.gr

eat

quak

ing

gras

sC

HR

966

38E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

33de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Poac

eae

Bro

mus

are

nari

us L

abil

l.sa

nd b

rom

eA

K 2

2806

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

*B

rom

us d

iand

rus

Rot

hri

pgut

bro

me

AK

170

698

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*B

rom

us h

orde

aceu

s L.

soft

bro

me

AK

277

619

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*B

rom

us li

thob

ius

Tri

n.C

hlie

an b

rom

eA

K 2

9616

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*B

rom

us s

teri

lis

L.ba

rren

bro

me

AK

295

931

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*B

rom

us v

aldi

vian

us P

hil.

stri

pey

brom

eC

HR

517

776

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*B

rom

us w

illd

enow

ii K

unth

prai

rie

gras

sA

K 2

7761

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*C

rite

sion

mur

inum

(L.

) Á

.Löv

e su

bsp.

mur

inum

barl

ey g

rass

AK

170

663

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*C

ynos

urus

cri

stat

us L

.cr

este

d do

gsta

ilA

K 2

3415

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*D

acty

lis

glom

erat

a L.

cock

sfoo

tA

K 1

7062

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*D

anth

onia

dec

umbe

ns (

L.)

DC

.he

ath

gras

sA

K 2

9864

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

Des

cham

psia

ces

pito

sa (

L.)

P.B

eauv

.go

lden

hai

r gr

ass

AK

227

735

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

Dey

euxi

a av

enoi

des

(Hoo

k.f.)

Buc

hana

nm

ount

ain

oat

gras

sC

HR

825

00 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Dey

euxi

a qu

adri

seta

(La

bill

.) B

enth

.A

K 2

3045

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Dic

hela

chne

cri

nita

(L.

f.) H

ook.

f.pl

ume

gras

sC

HR

966

75 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Dic

hela

chne

inae

quig

lum

is (

Hac

k.)

Edg

ar e

t C

onno

rpu

rple

plu

me

gras

sA

K 3

0398

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

*D

igit

aria

san

guin

alis

(L.

) Sc

op.

sum

mer

gra

ssA

K 2

9601

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*Ec

hino

chlo

a cr

us-g

alli

(L.

) P.

Bea

uv.

barn

yard

gra

ssC

HR

920

47E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

Echi

nopo

gon

ovat

us (

G.F

orst

.) P

.Bea

uv.

hedg

ehog

gra

ssC

HR

436

509

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

*Eh

rhar

ta e

rect

a La

m.

veld

t gr

ass

AK

297

836

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*El

ytri

gia

repe

ns (

L.)

Nev

ski

couc

hhe

rew

hena

CH

R 9

2049

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Er

agro

stis

am

abil

is (

L.)

Hoo

k. e

t A

rn.

Japa

nese

lov

er g

rass

AK

296

451

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Er

agro

stis

cil

iane

nsis

(A

ll.)

Jan

ch.

stin

k gr

ass

AK

295

791

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

Fest

uca

coxi

i (Pe

trie

) H

ack.

C

ox’s

fes

cue

AK

201

0C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Poac

eae

*Fe

stuc

a ru

bra

subs

p. c

omm

utat

a G

audi

nch

ewin

gs f

escu

eC

HR

415

595

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*G

lyce

ria

decl

inat

a B

réb.

floa

ting

sw

eet

gras

sC

HR

965

66E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*G

lyce

ria

max

ima

(Har

tm.)

Hol

mb.

reed

sw

eet

gras

sA

K 2

9864

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*G

lyce

ria

plic

ata

(Fr.

) Fr

.re

ed s

wee

t gr

ass

CH

R 9

6658

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

Hie

roch

loe

fusc

a Z

otov

holy

gra

sskā

retu

AK

296

175

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

Hie

roch

loe

redo

lens

(V

ahl)

Roe

m. e

t Sc

hult

.ho

ly g

rass

kāre

tuA

K 2

2717

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

*H

olcu

s la

natu

s L.

Yor

kshi

re f

ogA

K 1

7066

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

34 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Poac

eae

*H

olcu

s m

olli

s L.

cree

ping

fog

CH

R 4

7845

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

Lach

nagr

osti

s bi

llar

dier

ei (

R.B

r.)

Tri

n.sa

nd w

ind

gras

sA

K 2

2994

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Lach

nagr

osti

s le

ptos

tach

ys (

Hoo

k.f)

Zot

ov

win

d gr

ass

WE

LT 7

6281

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

Lach

nagr

osti

s li

ttor

alis

(H

ack.

) E

dgar

sub

sp. l

itto

rali

sw

ind

gras

sA

K 2

9610

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Lach

nagr

osti

s ly

alli

i (H

ook.

f.) Z

otov

coas

tal

win

d gr

ass

CH

R 3

9760

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Lach

nagr

osti

s pi

losa

(B

ucha

nan)

Edg

ar s

ubsp

. pil

osa

Lyal

l’s w

ind

gras

sC

HR

197

342

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

Lach

nagr

otis

fili

form

is (

G.F

orst

.) T

rin.

win

d gr

ass

AK

227

190

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

*La

guru

s ov

atus

L.

hare

’s t

ail

CH

R 4

9672

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*Le

ymus

are

nari

us (

L.)

Hoc

hst.

lym

e gr

ass

CH

R 5

043

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Lo

lium

per

enne

L.

pere

nnia

l ry

e gr

ass

AK

228

968

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Lo

lium

rig

idum

Gau

din

annu

al r

yegr

ass

AK

296

189

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

Mic

rola

ena

stip

oide

s (L

abil

l.) R

.Br.

var

. sti

poid

esm

eado

w r

iceg

rass

pātī

tīC

HR

966

55 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

*N

ardu

s st

rict

a L.

mat

gra

ssC

HR

569

360

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Pa

spal

um d

ilat

atum

Poi

r.pa

spal

umA

K 2

9594

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*Ph

alar

is c

anar

iens

is L

.ca

nary

gra

sspā

tītī

CH

R 9

6679

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Ph

alar

is m

inor

Ret

z.le

sser

can

ary

gras

sC

HR

966

83E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*Ph

leum

pra

tens

e L.

tim

onth

yti

mot

iC

HR

436

515

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Po

a an

nua

L.an

nual

poa

CH

R 4

3651

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

Poa

bill

ardi

erei

(Sp

reng

.)St

.-Yve

ssa

nd t

usso

ckhi

nare

peC

HR

288

420

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

Poa

chat

ham

ica

Petr

ie

Cha

tham

Isl

ands

poa

AK

223

546

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Poac

eae

†Po

a ci

ta E

dgar

silv

er t

usso

ckw

īC

HR

193

322

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

Poa

imbe

cill

a Sp

reng

.fe

eble

poa

AK

195

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

*Po

a pr

aten

sis

L.K

entu

cky

blue

gras

sC

HR

966

14E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*Po

a tr

ivia

lis

L.ro

ugh

mea

dow

gra

ssC

HR

820

26E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*Po

lypo

gon

fuga

x N

ees

ex S

teud

.be

ard

gras

sA

K 2

9590

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

Pucc

inel

lia

chat

ham

ica

Che

esem

anC

hath

am I

slan

ds

salt

gras

s A

K 2

2714

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Ryt

idos

perm

a cl

avat

um (

Zot

ov)

Con

nor

et E

dgar

bris

tle

gras

sC

HR

820

46 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Ryt

idos

perm

a gr

acil

e (H

ook.

f.) C

onno

r et

Edg

arbr

istl

e gr

ass

AK

209

130

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

*R

ytid

ospe

rma

peni

cill

atum

(La

bill

.) C

onno

r et

Edg

arbr

istl

e gr

ass

AK

296

157

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*R

ytid

ospe

rma

pilo

sum

(R

.Br.

) C

onno

r et

Edg

arbr

istl

e gr

ass

AK

295

818

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

35de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Poac

eae

*R

ytid

ospe

rma

race

mos

um (

R.B

r.)

Con

nor

et E

dgar

bris

tle

gras

sA

K 2

9615

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

Ryt

idos

perm

a un

ared

e (R

aoul

) C

onno

r et

Edg

arbr

istl

e gr

ass

CH

R 3

9761

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

*Sc

hedo

noru

s ar

undi

nace

us (

Schr

eb.)

Dum

ort.

tall

fes

cue

CH

R 9

6763

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Se

tari

a gr

acil

is K

unth

knot

-roo

t br

istl

e gr

ass

AK

295

786

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*Se

tari

a ve

rtic

illa

ta (

L.)

P.B

eauv

.ro

ugh

bris

tle

gras

sA

K 2

9608

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poac

eae

*Se

tari

a vi

ridi

s (L

.) P

.Bea

uv.

gree

n br

istl

e gr

ass

CH

R 9

2051

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

Tris

etum

ard

uanu

m E

dgar

et

A.P

.Dru

ceA

K 3

0402

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

Tris

etum

lepi

dum

Edg

ar e

t A

.P.D

ruce

WE

LT 6

9097

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poac

eae

Tris

etum

spi

catu

m (

L.)

K.R

icht

.A

K 2

2847

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Poac

eae

*V

ulpi

a br

omoi

des

(L.)

Gra

yvu

lpia

hai

r gr

ass

AK

219

679

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poac

eae

*V

ulpi

a m

yuro

s (L

.) C

.C.G

mel

. var

. myu

ros

Rat

s-ta

il f

escu

eA

K 2

9644

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Res

tion

acea

eA

poda

smia

aff

. sim

ilis

join

ted

rush

oioi

CH

R 5

9480

9C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Res

tion

acea

eSp

orad

anth

us t

rave

rsii

(F.

Mue

ll.)

F.M

uell

.C

hath

am I

slan

d gi

ant

wir

e ru

shM

EL

1516

3C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Typ

hace

ae†

Typh

a or

ient

alis

C.P

resl

bull

rus

hra

upo

CH

R 9

6678

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Zin

gibe

race

ae*

Hed

ychi

um g

ardn

eria

num

Ker

Gaw

l.w

ild

ging

erA

K 3

0727

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Eudi

cots

(24

)

Gun

nera

ceae

Gun

nera

mon

oica

Rao

ulA

K 2

2769

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Gun

nera

ceae

*G

unne

ra t

inct

oria

(M

ol.)

Mir

b.C

hile

an r

huba

rbA

K 3

0034

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Papa

vera

ceae

*Fu

mar

ia m

ural

is W

.D.J

.Koc

h su

bsp.

mur

alis

scra

mbl

ing

fum

itor

yA

K 2

8143

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Papa

vera

ceae

*G

lauc

ium

flav

um C

rant

zho

rned

pop

pyC

HR

403

135

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Papa

vera

ceae

*Pa

pave

r du

bium

L.

long

-hea

ded

popp

yA

K 2

3256

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Papa

vera

ceae

*Pa

pave

r rh

oeas

L.

fiel

d po

ppy

CH

R 6

0458

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Papa

vera

ceae

*Pa

pave

r so

mni

feru

m s

ubsp

. set

iger

um (

DC

.) C

orb.

opiu

m p

oppy

AK

295

082

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pro

teac

eae

*B

anks

ia in

tegr

ifol

ia L

.f. v

ar. i

nteg

rifo

lia

coas

tal

bank

sia

AK

296

183

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Ane

mon

e ×h

ybri

da P

axto

nJa

pane

se a

nem

one

AK

296

119

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Aqu

ileg

ia v

ulga

ris

L.co

lum

bine

CH

R 5

9473

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ran

uncu

lace

ae†

Cle

mat

is p

anic

ulat

a J.

F.G

mel

.w

hite

cle

mat

ispu

awhā

naga

AK

297

964

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Cle

mat

is v

ital

ba L

.ol

d m

an’s

bea

rdA

K 1

5043

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Hel

lebo

rus

orie

ntal

is L

am.

win

ter

rose

CH

R 6

0455

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

36 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Nig

ella

dam

asce

na L

.lo

ve i

n th

e m

ist

CH

R 4

1668

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ran

uncu

lace

aeRa

nunc

ulus

aca

ulis

DC

.sh

ore

butt

ercu

pC

HR

510

515

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ran

uncu

lace

aeRa

nunc

ulus

aff

. fol

iosu

s A

K 2

9511

7C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ran

uncu

lace

aeRa

nunc

ulus

aff

. roy

i C

HR

569

361

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Ran

uncu

lace

aeRa

nunc

ulus

am

phit

rich

us C

olen

sow

ater

but

terc

upw

aori

kiA

K 2

2769

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Ranu

ncul

us fi

cari

a su

bsp.

fic

arii

form

is (

F.W

.Sch

ultz

) R

ouy

et

Fouc

aud

cela

ndin

eA

K 2

9998

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ran

uncu

lace

aeRa

nunc

ulus

gla

brif

oliu

s H

ook.

wat

er b

utte

rcup

wao

riki

AK

298

608

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Ranu

ncul

us p

arvi

flor

us L

.sm

all-

flow

ered

but

terc

upA

K 3

0055

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ran

uncu

lace

aeRa

nunc

ulus

ref

lexu

s G

arn.

-Jon

esha

iry

butt

ercu

pm

arūr

ūA

K 2

3046

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Ranu

ncul

us r

epen

s L.

cree

ping

but

terc

upC

HR

965

97E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ran

uncu

lace

ae*

Ranu

ncul

us s

cele

ratu

s L.

cele

ry-l

eave

d bu

tter

cup

AK

295

909

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cor

e eu

dico

ts (

514)

Aca

ntha

ceae

*A

cant

hus

mol

lis

L.B

ears

bre

ache

sA

K 2

9595

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Act

inid

iace

ae*

Act

inid

ia d

elic

iosa

(A

.Che

v.)

C.F

.Lia

ng e

t A

.R.F

ergu

son

var.

deli

cios

aK

iwif

ruit

AK

299

998

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Aiz

oace

ae*

Car

pobr

otus

chi

lens

is (

Mol

ina)

N.E

.Br.

Chi

lean

ice

pla

ntA

K 2

9515

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Aiz

oace

ae*

Car

pobr

otus

edu

lis

(L.)

N.E

.Br.

Hot

tent

ot f

igC

HR

371

567

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Aiz

oace

ae*

×C

arpo

phym

a pa

llid

a Sy

kes

et H

eena

nC

HR

604

533

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Aiz

oace

aeD

isph

yma

aust

rale

(W

.T.A

iton

) N

.E.B

r. s

ubsp

. aus

tral

eM

aori

ice

pla

ntho

roka

kaA

K 2

3310

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Aiz

oace

aeD

isph

yma

papi

llat

um C

hinn

ock

Cha

tham

Isl

ands

ice

pl

ant

AK

227

716

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Aiz

oace

ae*

Dro

sant

hem

um fl

orib

undu

m (

Haw

.) S

chw

ante

sA

K 2

7565

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Aiz

oace

ae*

Lam

pran

thus

mul

tira

diat

us (J

acq.

) N

.E.B

r.C

HR

604

595

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Aiz

oace

ae*

Lam

pran

thus

spe

ctab

ilis

(H

aw.)

N.E

.Br.

CH

R 4

9672

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Aiz

oace

aeTe

trag

onia

impl

exic

oma

(Miq

.) H

ook.

f.na

tive

spi

nach

AK

170

693

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Aiz

oace

aeTe

trag

onia

tet

rago

nioi

des

(Pal

l.) K

untz

ena

tive

spi

nach

AK

230

034

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Am

aran

thac

eae

Alt

erna

nthe

ra d

enti

cula

ta R

.Br.

less

er jo

ywee

dA

K 3

0030

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Am

aran

thac

eae

Atr

iple

x au

stra

lasi

ca M

oq.

Aus

tral

ian

orac

heA

K 2

9563

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Am

aran

thac

eae

Atr

iple

x bi

llar

dier

ei (

Moq

.) H

ook.

f.cr

ysta

lwor

tC

HR

288

453

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Am

aran

thac

eae

Atr

iple

x bu

chan

anii

(K

irk)

Che

esem

anor

ache

CH

R 4

9690

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Am

aran

thac

eae

*A

trip

lex

pros

trat

a D

C.

CH

R 4

9673

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

37de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Am

aran

thac

eae

*B

eta

vulg

aris

L.

beet

AK

295

957

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aran

thac

eae

*C

heno

podi

um a

lbum

L.

fat-

hen

CH

R 9

6689

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Am

aran

thac

eae

Che

nopo

dium

am

bigu

um R

.Br.

glau

cous

goo

sefo

otA

K 2

2993

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Am

aran

thac

eae

*C

heno

podi

um m

ural

e L.

nett

le-l

eave

d fa

t-he

nC

HR

920

58E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aran

thac

eae

*D

ysph

ania

am

bros

ioid

es (

L.)

Mos

yaki

n et

Cle

men

tsM

exic

an t

eaA

K 2

9579

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Am

aran

thac

eae

Eina

dia

tria

ndra

(G

.For

st.)

A.J

.Sco

ttpi

gwee

dpo

ipap

aC

HR

288

449

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Am

aran

thac

eae

Eina

dia

trig

onos

(R

oem

. et

Schu

lt.)

Pau

l G

.Wil

son

subs

p.

trig

onos

pigw

eed

poip

apa

CH

R 4

9677

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Am

aran

thac

eae

Sarc

ocor

nia

quin

quef

lora

(B

unge

ex

Ung

.-Ste

rnb.

) A

.J.S

cott

su

bsp.

qui

nque

flor

asa

ltw

ort

CA

NU

198

41 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Api

acea

eA

ciph

ylla

die

ffen

bach

ii (

F.M

uell

.) K

irk

coxe

lla

tara

mea

AK

655

2C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Api

acea

eA

ciph

ylla

tra

vers

ii (

F.M

uell

.) H

ook.

f. C

hath

am I

slan

d sp

earg

rass

tara

mea

CH

R 9

7893

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Api

acea

e*

Ang

elic

a pa

chyc

arpa

Lan

gean

geli

caA

K 2

9592

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Api

acea

e*

Api

um g

rave

olen

sce

lery

AK

300

311

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Api

acea

eA

pium

pro

stra

tum

sub

sp. d

enti

cula

tum

P.S

.Sho

rtC

hath

am I

slan

ds c

eler

yA

K 2

2772

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Api

acea

eC

ente

lla

unif

lora

(C

olen

so)

Nan

nf.

cent

ella

AK

150

019

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Api

acea

eC

haer

ophy

llum

col

enso

i (H

ook.

f.)K

.F.C

hung

var

. col

enso

iC

olen

so’s

mou

ntai

n m

yrrh

AK

227

191

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Api

acea

e*

Con

ium

mac

ulat

um L

.he

mlo

ckC

HR

920

59E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Api

acea

e*

Cor

iand

rum

sat

ivum

L.

cori

ande

rA

K 2

9508

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Api

acea

e*

Dau

cus

caro

ta s

ubsp

. sat

ivus

(L.

) Sc

hueb

ler

et M

arte

nsca

rrot

AK

295

954

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Api

acea

eD

aucu

s gl

ochi

diat

us (

Labi

ll.)

Fis

ch.,

C.A

.Mey

. et

Avé

-Lal

l.na

tive

car

rot

CH

R 2

8843

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Api

acea

e*

Foen

icul

um v

ulga

re M

ill.

fenn

elA

K 2

9595

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Api

acea

eLi

laeo

psis

nov

ae-z

elan

diae

(G

and.

) A

.W.H

ill

CH

R 1

5901

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Api

acea

e*

Mel

anos

elin

um d

ecip

iens

(Sc

hrad

. et

J.C

.Wen

dl.)

Hof

fm.

pars

nip

palm

AK

295

079

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Api

acea

e*

Past

inac

a sa

tiva

L.

pars

nip

CH

R 4

0341

6A-C

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Api

acea

e*

Petr

osel

inum

cri

spum

(M

ill.)

A.W

.Hil

lpa

rsle

yA

K 2

9508

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Api

acea

e*

Tori

lis

japo

nica

(H

outt

.) D

C.

hedg

e pa

rsle

yA

K 2

9852

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Apo

cyna

ceae

*V

inca

maj

or L

.pe

riw

inkl

eC

HR

371

557

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Aqu

ifol

iace

ae*

Ilex

aqu

ifol

ium

L.

holl

yC

HR

594

758

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ara

liac

eae

*Fa

tsia

japo

nica

(T

hunb

.) D

ecne

. et

Pla

nch.

fats

iaC

HR

594

925

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

38 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Ara

liac

eae

*H

eder

a he

lix

L. s

ubsp

. hel

ixiv

yA

K 4

0320

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ara

liac

eae

*H

eder

a he

lix

subs

p. c

anar

iens

is (

Wil

ld.)

Cou

t.C

anar

y Is

land

ivy

Ak

3104

39E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ara

liac

eae

Hyd

roco

tyle

aff

. rob

usta

A

K 2

3041

8C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ara

liac

eae

*H

ydro

coty

le b

owle

sioi

des

Mat

hias

et

Con

stan

ceN

ZF

RI

1261

60E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ara

liac

eae

Hyd

roco

tyle

het

erom

eria

A.R

ich.

wax

wee

dA

K 2

2913

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ara

liac

eae

Hyd

roco

tyle

mic

roph

ylla

A.C

unn.

CH

R 4

6803

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ara

liac

eae

Hyd

roco

tyle

mos

chat

a G

.For

st. v

ar. m

osch

ata

hair

y pe

nnyw

ort

AK

628

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ara

liac

eae

Hyd

roco

tyle

nov

ae-z

eela

ndia

e D

C.

AK

301

822

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ara

liac

eae

Hyd

roco

tyle

rob

usta

Kir

k C

HR

594

999

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ara

liac

eae

Hyd

roco

tyle

het

erom

eria

A.R

ich.

× H

. mos

chat

a G

.For

st. v

ar.

mos

chat

aC

HR

595

509

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ara

liac

eae

Pseu

dopa

nax

chat

ham

icus

Kir

k C

hath

am I

slan

d la

ncew

ood

hoho

AK

227

195

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Ara

liac

eae

*Te

trap

anax

pap

yrif

erus

(H

ook.

) K

.Koc

hC

hine

nse

rice

-pap

er t

ree

AK

300

324

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Arg

ophy

llac

eae

Cor

okia

mac

roca

rpa

Kir

kho

kata

kaA

K 6

737

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Ast

erac

eae

*A

chil

lea

mil

lefo

lium

L.

yarr

owC

HR

417

539

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

Ana

phal

ioid

es b

elli

dioi

des

(G.F

orst

.) G

lenn

yhe

lls

bell

sC

HR

288

478

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

*A

nthe

mis

cot

ula

L.st

inki

ng m

ayw

eed

AK

294

946

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*A

nthe

mis

pun

ctat

a su

bsp.

cup

ania

na (

Tod.

ex

Nym

an)

R.F

ern.

CH

R 6

0480

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*A

rcto

tis

hybr

ida

blue

-eye

d A

fric

an d

aisy

AK

296

097

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*A

rtem

isia

abs

inth

ium

Lab

sint

hC

HR

604

595

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*A

rtem

isia

arb

ores

cens

Lhe

dge

arte

mis

iaA

K 2

9608

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*B

elli

s pe

renn

is L

.la

wn

dais

yC

HR

966

15E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*B

elli

s pe

renn

is L

. ‘Fl

ore-

plen

a’la

wn

dais

yC

HR

604

589

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

Bra

chyg

lott

is h

unti

i (F.

Mue

ll.)

B.N

ord.

C

hath

am I

slan

d C

hris

tmas

tre

era

utin

iA

K 1

0701

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Ast

erac

eae

†B

rach

yglo

ttis

rep

anda

J.R

.For

st. e

t G

.For

st.

bush

man

’s f

rien

d ra

ngio

raA

K 2

9664

4N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

†B

rach

yglo

ttis

com

pact

a (K

irk)

B.N

ord.

× B

. gre

yi (

Hoo

k.f.)

B

.Nor

d.A

K 2

9593

0N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*C

alen

dula

off

icin

alis

L.

mar

igol

dA

K 2

8143

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*C

ardu

us p

ycno

ceph

alus

L.

slen

der

win

ged

this

tle

CH

R 4

6477

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

Cen

tipe

da a

otea

roan

a N

.G.W

alsh

snee

zew

eed

AK

300

309

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

39de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Ast

erac

eae

*C

hrys

anth

emum

seg

etum

L.

corn

mar

igol

dA

K 2

9591

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*C

irsi

um a

rven

se (

L.)

Scop

.C

alif

orni

an t

hist

leA

K 3

1044

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*C

irsi

um v

ulga

re (

Savi

) Te

n.Sc

otch

thi

stle

CH

R 4

3657

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*C

onyz

a su

mat

rens

is (

Ret

z.)

E.H

.Wal

ker

flea

bane

CH

R 3

2668

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

Cot

ula

aust

rali

s (S

pren

g.)

Hoo

k.f.

sold

ier’

s bu

tton

CH

R 1

7847

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

Cot

ula

coro

nopi

foli

a L.

bach

elor

’s b

utto

nsC

HR

399

153

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Cra

sped

ia a

ff. m

inor

C

hath

am I

slan

d w

ooll

y he

adA

K 2

2807

4C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ast

erac

eae

*C

repi

s ca

pill

aris

(L.

) W

allr

.sm

ooth

haw

ksbe

ard

AK

205

962

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*C

ynar

a sc

olym

us L

.ar

tich

oke

AK

295

083

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*D

elai

rea

odor

ata

Lem

.G

erm

an iv

yA

K 2

9612

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

Embe

rger

ia g

rand

ifol

ia (

Kir

k) B

oulo

s

Cha

tham

Isl

and

sow

this

tle

CH

R 1

0878

4C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ast

erac

eae

*Er

iger

on k

arvi

nski

anus

DC

.M

exic

an d

aisy

AK

296

018

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

Euch

iton

aud

ax (

D.G

.Dru

ry)

Hol

ubcr

eepi

ng c

udw

eed

CH

R 4

1558

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

Euch

iton

col

linu

s C

ass.

cree

ping

cud

wee

dC

HR

288

474

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Euch

iton

del

icat

us (

D.G

.Dru

ry)

Hol

ubcr

eepi

ng c

udw

eed

AK

295

124

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Euch

iton

invo

lucr

atus

(G

.For

st.)

Hol

ubcr

eepi

ng c

udw

eed

WE

LT 3

336

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Euch

iton

lim

osus

(D

.G.D

rury

) H

olub

cree

ping

cud

wee

dC

HR

403

055

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Euch

iton

pal

udos

us (

Petr

ie)

Hol

ubcr

eepi

ng c

udw

eed

AK

304

126

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Euch

iton

rua

hini

cus

(D.G

.Dru

ry)

Bre

itw

. et

J.M

.War

dcr

eepi

ng c

udw

eed

CH

R 4

1558

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

Euch

iton

sph

aeri

cus

(Wil

ld.)

Hol

ubJa

pane

se c

udw

eed

AK

231

012

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

*G

alin

soga

par

vifl

ora

Cav

.ga

lins

oga

CH

R 4

9685

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*G

azan

ia r

igen

s (L

.) G

aert

n.A

K 2

9874

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

Hel

ichr

ysum

fili

caul

e H

ook.

f.cr

eepi

ng e

verl

asti

ng

dais

yC

HR

972

14 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

Hel

ichr

ysum

lanc

eola

tum

(B

ucha

nan)

Kir

kni

niao

CH

R 3

594

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

*H

elic

hrys

um p

etio

lare

Hil

liar

d et

B.L

.Bur

ttli

quor

ice

plan

tA

K 2

9155

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*H

elm

inth

othe

ca e

chio

ides

(L.

) H

olub

oxto

ngue

AK

296

102

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*H

ypoc

haer

is g

labr

a L.

smoo

th c

atse

arA

K 1

5002

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*H

ypoc

haer

is r

adic

ata

L.ca

tsea

rA

K 2

3470

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*Ja

coba

ea v

ulga

ris

Gae

rtn.

ragw

ort

CH

R 1

2172

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

40 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Ast

erac

eae

Lage

nife

ra p

etio

lata

Hoo

k.f.

papa

tāni

wha

niw

haC

HR

269

005

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Lage

nife

ra p

umil

a (G

.For

st.)

Che

esem

anpa

patā

niw

hani

wha

AK

230

487

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

*La

psan

a co

mm

unis

L.

nipp

lew

ort

AK

295

638

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*Le

onto

don

tara

xaco

ides

(V

ill.)

Mér

atha

wkb

itC

HR

159

002

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

Lept

inel

la fe

athe

rsto

nii F

.Mue

ll.

Cha

tham

Isl

and

butt

on

dais

yA

K 2

3048

7C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ast

erac

eae

Lept

inel

la p

oten

till

ina

F.M

uell

.co

tula

AK

228

469

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Lept

inel

la s

qual

ida

Hoo

k.f.

subs

p. s

qual

ida

cotu

laC

HR

464

786

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

*Le

ucan

them

um m

axim

a (R

amon

d) D

C.

shas

ta d

aisy

AK

296

116

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*Le

ucan

them

um v

ulga

re L

am.

ox-e

ye d

aisy

AK

295

959

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*M

atri

cari

a di

scoi

dea

DC

.pi

neap

ple

wee

dC

HR

965

82E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

Ole

aria

cha

tham

ica

Kir

kC

hath

am I

slan

d tr

ee

dais

yke

kete

rehe

AK

942

6C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ast

erac

eae

Ole

aria

sem

iden

tata

Dec

ne.

Cha

tham

ast

erha

ngat

are

AK

295

147

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Ast

erac

eae

Ole

aria

tel

mat

ica

Hee

nan

et d

e La

nge

shel

l ak

eake

akea

keC

HR

595

004

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Ast

erac

eae

Ole

aria

tra

vers

ioru

m (

F.M

uell

.) H

ook.

f. ak

eake

CH

R 2

9005

4C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ast

erac

eae

Ole

aria

cha

tham

ica

Kir

k ×

O. s

emid

enta

ta D

ecne

.C

HR

417

547

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Ast

erac

eae

*O

steo

sper

mum

frut

icos

um (

L.)

Nor

l.di

mor

phot

heca

CH

R 4

9676

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*Pe

rica

llis

×hy

brid

a B

.Nor

d.ci

nere

aA

K 2

9580

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

Picr

is b

urbi

dgea

e S.

Hol

zapf

elna

tive

oxt

ongu

eA

K 2

2715

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

Pseu

dogn

apha

lium

aff

. lut

eoal

bum

(a)

Jers

ey c

udw

eed

AK

296

140

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Pseu

dogn

apha

lium

aff

. lut

eoal

bum

(b)

Jers

ey c

udw

eed

AK

227

210

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Pseu

dogn

apha

lium

aff

. lut

eoal

bum

(c)

Jers

ey c

udw

eed

AK

227

153

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

*Se

neci

o an

gula

tus

L.f.

cape

ivy

AK

234

155

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*Se

neci

o ci

nera

ria

DC

.du

sty

mil

ler

CH

R 4

9672

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*Se

neci

o el

egan

s L.

shor

e gr

ound

sel

AK

170

628

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

glom

erat

us P

oir.

fire

wee

dA

K 3

0097

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

hisp

idul

us A

.Ric

h.fi

rew

eed

AK

296

178

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

laut

us G

.For

st. e

x W

illd

. var

. lau

tus

New

Zea

land

gro

unds

elA

K 2

2820

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

mar

otir

i C.J

.Web

bH

aura

ki G

ulf

grou

ndse

lA

K 2

9607

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

min

imus

Poi

r.fi

rew

eed

AK

298

063

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

41de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

radi

olat

us F

.Mue

ll. s

ubsp

. rad

iola

tus

Cha

tham

Isl

and

grou

ndse

lA

K 1

7720

7C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

scab

erul

us (

Hoo

k.f.)

D.G

.Dru

ryfi

rew

eed

AK

228

461

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ast

erac

eae

*Se

neci

o sk

irrh

odon

DC

.gr

avel

gro

unds

elA

K 2

9595

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

ster

quil

inus

Orn

d.gu

ano

grou

ndse

lA

K 2

9492

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

*Se

neci

o sy

lvat

icus

L.

woo

d gr

ound

sel

AK

170

675

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*Se

neci

o vu

lgar

is L

.co

mm

on g

roun

dsel

CH

R 4

9688

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

Sene

cio

aff.

glom

erat

us P

oir.

Cha

tham

Isl

and

fire

wee

dA

K 2

2715

4C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ast

erac

eae

*Si

lybu

m m

aria

num

(L.

) G

aert

n.va

rieg

ated

thi

stle

CH

R 4

0339

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*So

nchu

s ar

vens

is L

.fi

eld

sow

this

tle

AK

229

926

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*So

nchu

s as

per

(L.)

Hil

lpr

ickl

y so

wth

istl

epu

haC

HR

496

848

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

Sonc

hus

kirk

ii H

amli

nna

tive

sow

this

tle

puha

CH

R 1

7847

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

*So

nchu

s ol

erac

eus

L.so

wth

istl

epu

haA

K 1

7065

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ast

erac

eae

*Ta

nace

tum

par

then

ium

(L.

) Sc

h.B

ip.

feve

rfew

AK

295

923

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*Ta

raxa

cum

ham

atum

Rau

nk.

dand

elio

nC

HR

156

630

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*Ta

raxa

cum

off

icin

ale

F.H

.Wig

g. a

gg.

dand

elio

nC

HR

436

642

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

Tara

xacu

m a

ff. m

agel

lani

cum

nati

ve d

ande

lion

CH

R 1

7876

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ast

erac

eae

*Tr

agop

ogon

por

rifo

lius

L.

sals

ify

AK

230

450

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ast

erac

eae

*Tr

iple

uros

perm

um in

odor

um S

chul

tz-B

ip.

scen

tles

s m

ayw

eed

AK

303

550

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Bor

ago

offi

cina

lis

L.bo

rage

AK

295

087

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Echi

um c

andi

cans

L.f.

prid

e of

Mad

eira

CH

R 3

0032

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Echi

um p

inin

ana

Web

b et

Ber

thel

.gi

ant

bugl

oss

AK

300

323

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bor

agin

acea

eM

yoso

tidi

um h

orte

nsiu

m (

Dec

ne.)

Bai

ll.

Cha

tham

Isl

and

forg

et-

me-

not

kōpu

kapu

kaA

K 2

2106

7C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Myo

soti

s di

scol

or P

ers.

gras

slan

d fo

rget

-me-

not

CH

R 4

9673

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Myo

soti

s la

xa s

ubsp

. cae

spit

osa

(Sch

ultz

) H

yl. e

x N

ordh

.w

ater

for

get-

me-

not

CH

R 1

7873

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bor

agin

acea

eM

yoso

tis

spat

hula

ta G

.For

st.

forg

et-m

e-no

tA

K 7

509

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Myo

soti

s sy

lvat

ica

Hof

fm. s

ubsp

. syl

vati

caga

rden

for

get-

me-

not

CH

R 4

9666

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Nem

ophi

la m

enzi

esii

Hoo

k. e

t A

rn.

CH

R 5

9484

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Phac

elia

tan

acet

ifol

ia B

enth

.ph

acel

iaC

HR

602

339

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bor

agin

acea

e*

Sym

phyt

um ×

upla

ndic

um N

yman

com

frey

AK

295

911

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Aly

ssum

sax

atil

e L.

CH

R 8

5962

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

42 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ju

ncea

(L.

) C

zern

. var

. jun

cea

Indi

an m

usta

rdC

HR

496

898A

-CE

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a na

pus

L. v

ar. n

apus

rape

CH

R 5

8563

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ni

gra

(L.)

W.D

.J.K

och

blac

k m

usta

rdA

K 2

9579

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ol

erac

ea L

. var

. ole

race

aca

bbag

eA

K 2

9698

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ol

erac

ea v

ar. a

ceph

ala

DC

.ka

leC

HR

594

743

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ol

erac

ea v

ar. b

otry

tis

L.ca

ulif

low

erA

K 3

0403

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ol

erac

ea v

ar. g

emm

ifer

a (D

C.)

Zen

ker

Bru

ssel

spr

outs

AK

295

938-

39E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ol

erac

ea v

ar. i

tali

ca P

lenc

kbr

occo

liA

K 3

0025

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ra

pa L

. var

. rap

atu

rnip

CH

R 5

8563

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ra

pa v

ar. c

hine

nsis

(L.

) K

itam

.C

hine

se c

abba

geC

HR

604

587

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Bra

ssic

a ra

pa v

ar. o

leif

era

DC

.w

ild

turn

ipA

K 2

9579

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Cak

ile

eden

tula

(B

igel

ow)

Hoo

k.f.

sea

rock

etC

HR

371

559

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Cap

sell

a bu

rsa-

past

oris

(L.

) M

edik

.sh

ephe

rd’s

pur

seC

HR

966

03E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

eC

arda

min

e co

rym

bosa

Hoo

k.f.

agg.

nati

ve b

itte

rcre

ssA

K 2

2738

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Bra

ssic

acea

eC

arda

min

e de

bili

s D

C. a

gg.

nati

ve b

itte

rcre

ssA

K 3

1451

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Car

dam

ine

hirs

uta

L.bi

tter

cres

sC

HR

496

903

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Dip

lota

xis

mur

alis

(L.

) D

C.

wal

l ro

cket

AK

291

496

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Dip

lota

xis

tenu

ifol

ia (

L.)

DC

.pe

renn

ial

rock

etA

K 2

9593

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Eruc

a ve

sica

ria

subs

p. s

ativ

a (M

ill.)

The

ll.

rock

etA

K 2

9508

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Hes

peri

s m

atri

onal

is L

.da

me’

s vi

olet

CH

R 6

0458

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

eLe

pidi

um d

esva

uxii

The

ll.

bush

y pe

pper

cres

sA

K 2

9580

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Lepi

dium

did

ymum

L.

twin

cre

ssC

HR

156

626

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

eLe

pidi

um fl

exic

aule

Kir

ksh

ore

cres

sA

K 2

9494

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Bra

ssic

acea

eLe

pidi

um o

lera

ceum

Spa

rr. e

x G

.For

st.

Coo

k’s

scur

vy g

rass

nau

AK

295

979

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Lepi

dium

sat

ivum

L.

gard

en c

ress

AK

297

485

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Lepi

dium

squ

amat

um F

orss

k.w

art

cres

sA

K 2

9644

7 E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

eLe

pidi

um fl

exic

aule

Kir

k ×

L. a

ff. o

lera

ceum

(a)

AK

295

155

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Bra

ssic

acea

eLe

pidi

um fl

exic

aule

Kir

k ×

L. a

ff. o

lera

ceum

(b)

AK

294

942

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Bra

ssic

acea

eLe

pidi

um a

ff. o

lera

ceum

(a)

C

hath

am I

slan

ds s

curv

y gr

ass

AK

230

459

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Bra

ssic

acea

eLe

pidi

um a

ff. o

lera

ceum

(b)

AK

208

579

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

43de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Bra

ssic

acea

eLe

pidi

um a

ff. o

lera

ceum

(d)

Man

gere

Isl

and

scur

vy

gras

sA

K 2

5560

7C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Lobu

lari

a m

arit

ima

(L.)

Des

v.al

yssu

mA

K 2

9594

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Luna

ria

annu

a L.

hone

sty

CH

R 5

9476

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Mal

colm

ia m

arit

ima

(L.)

R.B

r.V

irgi

nian

sto

ckA

K 2

8137

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Mat

thio

la in

cana

(L.

).R

.Br.

var

. inc

ana

stoc

kA

K 2

9613

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Nas

turt

ium

mic

roph

yllu

m R

eich

b.w

ater

cre

ssC

HR

966

12E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Nas

turt

ium

off

icin

ale

R.B

r.w

ater

cre

ssC

HR

156

631

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Raph

anus

sat

ivus

L. v

ar. s

ativ

usra

dish

CH

R 6

0459

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Bra

ssic

acea

eR

orip

pa d

ivar

icat

a (H

ook.

f.) G

arn.

Jone

s et

Jon

sell

New

Zea

land

wat

er c

ress

mat

uran

gaA

K 2

3735

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Bra

ssic

acea

eR

orip

pa p

alus

tris

(L.

) B

esse

rm

arsh

yel

low

cre

sspo

niu

CH

R 4

6479

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Sina

pis

alba

L. s

ubsp

. alb

aw

hite

mus

tard

AK

297

666

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Bra

ssic

acea

e*

Sisy

mbr

ium

off

icin

ale

(L.)

Sco

p.he

dge

mus

tard

CH

R 4

9690

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Cam

panu

lace

ae*

Cam

panu

la p

osch

arsk

yana

Deg

enC

HR

604

591

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cam

panu

lace

aeLo

beli

a an

ceps

L.f.

shor

e lo

beli

aC

HR

176

553

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cam

panu

lace

aeLo

beli

a ar

enar

ia (

Hoo

k.f.)

Hee

nan

et d

e La

nge

pāne

kene

keA

K 2

2846

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cam

panu

lace

ae*

Lobe

lia

erin

us L

.be

ddin

g lo

beli

aA

K 3

0401

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Cam

panu

lace

aeW

ahle

nber

gia

ram

osa

G.S

imps

onna

tive

har

e be

llri

mur

oaA

K 2

2820

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cam

panu

lace

aeW

ahle

nber

gia

vern

icos

a J.

A.P

ette

rson

nati

ve h

are

bell

AK

226

783

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cam

panu

lace

aeW

ahle

nber

gia

viol

acea

J.A

.Pet

ters

onna

tive

har

e be

llri

mur

oaA

K 3

0402

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Can

naba

ceae

*C

anna

bis

sati

va L

.m

arij

uana

AK

295

916

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Can

naba

ceae

*H

umul

us lu

pulu

s L.

hops

CH

R 4

9686

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Cap

rifo

liac

eae

*Le

yces

teri

a fo

rmos

a W

all.

Him

alay

an h

oney

suck

leC

HR

417

541

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cap

rifo

liac

eae

*Lo

nice

ra p

eric

lym

enum

L.

hone

ysuc

kle

AK

298

510

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cap

rifo

liac

eae

*Sa

mbu

cus

nigr

a L.

elde

rber

ryC

HR

179

719

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*C

eras

tium

font

anum

sub

sp. v

ulga

re (

Har

tm.)

Gre

uter

et

Bur

det

mou

se-e

ar c

hick

wee

dC

HR

436

462

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*C

eras

tium

glo

mer

atum

Thu

ill.

annu

al m

ouse

-ear

ch

ickw

eed

AK

170

699

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

Col

oban

thus

ape

talu

s (L

abil

l.) D

ruce

CH

R 4

9683

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

Col

oban

thus

mue

ller

i Kir

kA

K 1

7427

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

Col

oban

thus

mus

coid

es H

ook.

f.C

AN

U 1

9811

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*M

oenc

hia

erec

ta (

L.)

Gae

rtn.

erec

t ch

ickw

eed

AK

304

012

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

44 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*Po

lyca

rpon

tet

raph

yllu

m (

L.)L

.al

lsee

dA

K 2

9595

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*Sa

gina

ape

tala

Ard

.pe

arlw

ort

AK

296

463

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*Sa

gina

pro

cum

bens

L.

proc

umbe

nt p

earl

wor

tA

K 1

5000

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*Si

lene

arm

eria

L.

AK

295

912

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*Si

lene

dio

ica

(L.)

Cla

irv.

sub

sp. d

ioic

are

d ca

mpi

onC

HR

602

345

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*Si

lene

gal

lica

L.

catc

hfly

CH

R 4

9675

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*Si

lene

lati

foli

a su

bsp.

alb

a (M

ille

r) G

reut

er e

t B

urde

tw

hite

cam

pion

AK

170

647

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*Sp

ergu

lari

a ru

bra

sand

spu

rrey

AK

298

512

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*St

ella

ria

gram

inea

L.

stit

chw

ort

AK

301

051

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

*St

ella

ria

med

ia (

L.)

Cir

illo

sub

sp. m

edia

chic

kwee

dC

HR

436

471

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Car

yoph

ylla

ceae

Stel

lari

a pa

rvif

lora

Hoo

k.f.

nati

ve c

hick

wee

dC

HR

288

392

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cel

astr

acea

e*

Euon

ymus

eur

opae

us L

.Ja

pane

se s

pind

letr

eeC

HR

602

342

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Cal

yste

gia

sepi

um s

ubsp

. ros

eata

Bru

mm

itt

nati

ve b

indw

eed

pohu

ehue

AK

295

091

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Con

volv

ulac

eae

*C

alys

tegi

a si

lvat

ica

subs

p. d

isju

ncta

Bru

mm

itt

grea

ter

bind

wee

dC

HR

403

215

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Cal

yste

gia

sold

anel

la (

L.)

R.B

r.sh

ore

bind

wee

dra

upar

aha

CH

R 2

8840

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Cal

yste

gia

tugu

rior

um (

G.F

orst

.) H

ook.

f.cl

imbi

ng b

indw

eed

pōuw

hiw

hiC

HR

158

299

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Cal

yste

gia

sepi

um s

ubsp

. ros

eata

Bru

mm

itt

× C

. tug

urio

rum

(G

.For

st.)

Hoo

k.f.

AK

295

090

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Con

volv

ulac

eae

*C

uscu

ta e

pith

ymum

(L.

) L.

clov

er d

odde

rC

HR

398

548

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Dic

hond

ra r

epen

s J.

R.F

orst

. et

G.F

orst

.M

ercu

ry B

ay w

eed

AK

170

706

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Dic

hond

ra a

ff. b

revi

foli

a (a

) “l

arge

”M

ercu

ry B

ay w

eed

AK

230

471

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Dic

hond

ra a

ff. b

revi

foli

a (b

) “s

mal

l”M

ercu

ry B

ay w

eed

CH

R 4

9666

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Dic

hond

ra a

ff. b

revi

foli

a (c

) “s

lend

er”

Mer

cury

Bay

wee

dA

K 3

0024

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cor

iari

acea

eC

oria

ria

arbo

rea

R.L

inds

. var

. arb

orea

Toot

tutu

AK

170

622

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cor

ynoc

arpa

ceae

†C

oryn

ocar

pus

laev

igat

us J

.R.F

orst

. et

G.F

orst

.ko

piA

K 2

3425

5N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Cra

ssul

acea

e*

Aeo

nium

arb

oreu

m (

L.)

Web

b et

Ber

thel

.pi

nwhe

el p

lant

AK

296

094

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cra

ssul

acea

eC

rass

ula

kirk

ii (

All

an)

A.P

.Dru

ce e

t D

.R.G

iven

AK

295

645

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cra

ssul

acea

eC

rass

ula

mos

chat

a G

.For

st.

shor

e st

onec

rop

CH

R 4

9684

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cra

ssul

acea

e*

Cra

ssul

a m

ulti

cava

Lem

. sub

sp. m

ulti

cava

fair

y cr

assu

laC

HR

594

955

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Cra

ssul

acea

e*

Cra

ssul

a ov

ata

(Mil

l.) D

ruce

Jade

pla

ntA

K 2

9155

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Cra

ssul

acea

eC

rass

ula

ruam

ahan

ga A

.P.D

ruce

AK

229

937

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

45de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Cra

ssul

acea

eC

rass

ula

sieb

eria

na (

Schu

lt. e

t Sc

hult

.f.)

Dru

ceA

K 3

0074

6 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Cra

ssul

acea

eC

rass

ula

sinc

lair

ii (

Hoo

k.f.)

A.P

.Dru

ce e

t D

.R.G

iven

AK

296

075

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Cra

ssul

acea

e*

Sedu

m p

raea

ltum

A.D

C.

shru

bby

ston

ecro

pC

HR

594

774

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Dro

sera

ceae

Dro

sera

bin

ata

Labi

ll.

fork

ed s

unde

wA

K 1

5041

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Eri

cace

aeA

ndro

stom

a e

mpe

trif

olia

Hoo

k.f.

Bog

min

gim

ingi

WE

LT 3

5243

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Eri

cace

aeD

raco

phyl

lum

arb

oreu

m C

ocka

yne

tara

hina

uA

K 6

994

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Eri

cace

aeD

raco

phyl

lum

sco

pari

um H

ook.

f.in

aka

AK

699

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Eri

cace

aeD

raco

phyl

lum

arb

oreu

m C

ocka

yne

× D

. sco

pari

um H

ook.

f.A

K 2

8228

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Eri

cace

aeG

ault

heri

a an

tipo

da G

.For

st.

snow

berr

yta

uwin

iwin

iA

K 2

9632

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Eri

cace

aeLe

ptec

ophy

lla

robu

sta

(Hoo

k.f.)

C.M

.Wei

ller

C

hath

am I

slan

d m

ingi

min

gipo

uter

eter

eA

K 2

3231

9C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Eri

cace

aeLe

ucop

ogon

par

vifl

orus

(A

ndre

ws)

Lin

dl.

min

gim

ingi

CH

R 3

9914

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Eri

cace

aePe

ntac

hond

ra p

umil

a (J

.R.F

orst

. et

G.F

orst

.) R

.Br.

AK

296

093

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Eup

horb

iace

aeEu

phor

bia

glau

ca G

.For

st.

New

Zea

land

sho

re

spur

gew

aiūa

tua

CH

R 2

8845

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Eup

horb

iace

ae*

Euph

orbi

a he

lios

copi

a L.

sun

spur

geA

K 2

9597

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Eup

horb

iace

ae*

Euph

orbi

a la

thyr

is L

.ca

per

spur

geC

HR

602

341

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Eup

horb

iace

ae*

Euph

orbi

a pe

plus

L.

mil

kwee

dA

K 2

9601

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Eup

horb

iace

ae*

Rici

nus

com

mun

is L

.ca

stor

oil

pla

ntA

K 2

9608

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*A

caci

a so

phor

ae R

.Br.

coas

tal

wat

tle

AK

303

302

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*C

ytis

us s

copa

rius

(L.

) Li

nkbr

oom

AK

295

914

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*La

thyr

us t

ingi

tanu

s L.

Tang

ier

pea

AK

295

641

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Lo

tus

pedu

ncul

atus

Cav

.lo

tus

CH

R 4

3649

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*Lo

tus

suav

eole

ns P

ers.

hair

y lo

tus

CH

R 5

1158

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*Lu

pinu

s po

lyph

yllu

s Li

ndl.

Rus

sell

lupi

nC

HR

594

931

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*M

edic

ago

arab

ica

(L.)

Hud

s.sp

otte

d bu

r m

edic

kC

HR

966

40E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*M

edic

ago

lupu

lina

L.

blac

k m

edic

kC

HR

496

720

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*M

edic

ago

nigr

a (L

.) K

rock

.bu

r m

edic

kC

HR

903

98E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*M

edic

ago

sati

va L

.lu

cern

eC

HR

965

85E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*M

elil

otus

indi

cus

(L.)

All

.K

ing

Isla

nd m

elil

otC

HR

403

178

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Pa

rase

rian

thes

loph

anth

a (W

illd

.) I

.C.N

iels

enbr

ush

wat

tle

CH

R 5

9492

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

46 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Faba

ceae

†So

phor

a ch

atha

mic

a C

ocka

yne

kōw

hai

AK

497

3N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

†So

phor

a m

icro

phyl

lakō

wha

iC

HR

604

802

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

arv

ense

L.

hare

sfoo

t tr

efoi

lA

K 2

9646

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

cam

pest

re S

chre

b.ho

p tr

efoi

lA

K 2

9646

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

cer

nuum

Bro

t.dr

oopi

ng-f

low

ered

clo

ver

CH

R 1

1813

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

dub

ium

Sib

th.

suck

ling

clo

ver

CH

R 9

6605

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

frag

ifer

um L

.st

raw

berr

y cl

over

CH

R 9

6580

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

glo

mer

atum

L.

clus

tere

d cl

over

CH

R 9

6568

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

mic

rant

hum

Viv

.le

sser

suc

klin

g cl

over

CH

R 4

3645

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

orn

itho

podi

oide

s L.

trig

onel

CH

R 8

2040

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

pra

tens

e L.

red

clov

erA

K 2

3117

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

rep

ens

L.w

hite

clo

ver

CH

R 9

6599

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

res

upin

atum

L.

reve

rsed

clo

ver

AK

298

506

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*Tr

ifol

ium

sub

terr

aneu

m L

.su

bclo

ver

CH

R 9

6634

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*U

lex

euro

paeu

s L.

gors

eC

HR

178

709

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*V

icia

hir

suta

(L.

) G

ray

hair

y ve

tch

CH

R 9

6639

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Faba

ceae

*V

icia

sat

iva

L.na

rrow

-lea

ved

vetc

hA

K 1

7066

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Faba

ceae

*V

icia

tet

rasp

erm

a (L

.) S

chre

ber

four

-see

ded

vetc

hA

K 2

9755

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Gen

tian

acea

e*

Cen

taur

ium

ery

thra

ea R

afn.

sub

sp. e

ryth

raea

cent

aury

AK

296

106

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Gen

tian

acea

e*

Cen

taur

ium

ten

uifl

orum

(H

offm

. et

Link

) Fr

itsc

hA

K 3

0348

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Gen

tian

acea

eG

enti

anel

la c

hath

amic

a (C

hees

eman

) T

.N.H

o et

S.W

.Liu

C

hath

am I

slan

ds g

enti

anA

K 2

3042

2C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Ger

ania

ceae

*Er

odiu

m c

icut

ariu

m (

L.)

L’H

ér. s

ubsp

. cic

utar

ium

com

mon

sto

rksb

ill

CH

R 4

9685

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ger

ania

ceae

*Er

odiu

m m

osch

atum

(L.

) L’

Hér

.m

usky

sto

rksb

ill

AK

296

113

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ger

ania

ceae

*G

eran

ium

dis

sect

um L

.cu

t-le

aved

ger

aniu

mC

HR

403

100

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ger

ania

ceae

*G

eran

ium

gar

dner

i de

Lang

eA

K 2

9601

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ger

ania

ceae

*G

eran

ium

mad

eren

se Y

eoD

ove’

s fo

ot c

rane

sbil

lC

HR

496

833

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ger

ania

ceae

*G

eran

ium

mol

le L

.tu

rnip

-roo

ted

gera

nium

mat

ua-k

ūmar

aA

K 2

2993

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ger

ania

ceae

Ger

aniu

m s

olan

deri

Car

olin

Cha

tham

Isl

ands

ge

rani

umA

K 4

980

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ger

ania

ceae

Ger

aniu

m t

rave

rsii

Hoo

k.f.

Gre

ater

her

b R

ober

tA

K 3

1043

8C

hath

ams

ende

mic

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

47de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Ger

ania

ceae

*G

eran

ium

yeo

i Aed

o et

Mun

oz G

arm

.A

K 2

9508

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ger

ania

ceae

*Pe

larg

oniu

m c

risp

um (

L.)

L’H

ér.

lem

on-s

cent

ed g

eran

ium

AK

300

322

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ger

ania

ceae

Pela

rgon

ium

inod

orum

Wil

ld.

kopa

tiC

HR

966

52 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ger

ania

ceae

*Pe

larg

oniu

m r

aden

s H

.E.M

oore

CH

R 4

9673

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ger

ania

ceae

*Pe

larg

oniu

m ×

aspe

rum

Wil

ld.

CH

R 4

9684

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ger

ania

ceae

*Pe

larg

oniu

m ×

hort

orum

L.H

.Bai

ley

zona

l pe

larg

oniu

mA

K 2

9577

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Goo

deni

acea

eSe

llie

ra r

adic

ans

Cav

.re

mur

emu

CH

R 3

7157

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Gro

ssul

aria

ceae

*Ri

bes

uva-

cris

pa L

.go

oseb

erry

CH

R 5

9482

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Hal

orag

acea

eG

onoc

arpu

s ag

greg

atus

(B

ucha

nan)

Orc

hard

CH

R 1

9732

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hal

orag

acea

eG

onoc

arpu

s m

icra

nthu

s T

hunb

. sub

sp. m

icra

nthu

sA

K 2

9599

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hal

orag

acea

eH

alor

agis

ere

cta

(Mur

ray)

Oke

n su

bsp.

ere

cta

toat

oaA

K 2

5148

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hal

orag

acea

eM

yrio

phyl

lum

ped

uncu

latu

m s

ubsp

. nov

ae-z

elan

diae

Orc

hard

mil

foil

AK

230

419

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hal

orag

acea

eM

yrio

phyl

lum

pro

pinq

uum

A.C

unn.

mil

foil

AK

295

646

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Hal

orag

acea

eM

yrio

phyl

lum

tri

phyl

lum

Orc

hard

mil

foil

CH

R 2

9124

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hal

orag

acea

eM

yrio

phyl

lum

vot

schi

i Sch

indl

.m

ilfo

ilA

K 2

2769

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hal

orag

acea

eM

yrio

phyl

lum

aff

. tri

phyl

lum

m

ilfo

ilA

K 2

8180

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Hyd

rang

eace

ae*

Hyd

rang

ea m

acro

phyl

la (

Thu

nb.)

Ser

.hy

dran

gea

AK

296

265

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Hyp

eric

acea

e*

Hyp

eric

um a

ndro

saem

um L

.tu

tsan

CH

R 4

0326

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lam

iace

ae*

Aju

ga r

epta

ns L

.bu

gle

AK

295

778

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Lam

iace

ae*

Lam

ium

gal

eobd

olon

(L.

) L.

‘Var

iega

tum

’al

umin

ium

wee

dA

K 3

0032

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lam

iace

ae*

Lam

ium

hyb

ridu

m V

ill.

cut-

leav

ed d

ead

nett

leC

HR

604

800

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Lam

iace

ae*

Lava

ndul

a de

ntat

a L.

Fren

ch la

vend

erA

K 2

9642

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lam

iace

ae*

Mar

rubi

um v

ulga

re L

hore

houn

dA

K 1

4998

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lam

iace

ae*

Mel

issa

off

icin

alis

L.

lem

on b

alm

CH

R 6

0234

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lam

iace

aeM

enth

a cu

nnin

gham

ii B

enth

.na

tive

min

tA

K 3

0203

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Lam

iace

ae*

Men

tha

pule

gium

L.

penn

yroy

alA

K 2

9564

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lam

iace

ae*

Men

tha

spic

ata

L. s

ubsp

. spi

cata

spea

rmin

tC

HR

417

538

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Lam

iace

ae*

Men

tha

suav

eole

ns E

hrh.

appl

e m

int

AK

299

993

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Lam

iace

ae*

Men

tha

×pi

peri

ta L

. var

. pip

erit

ape

pper

min

tA

K 2

9592

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lam

iace

ae*

Prun

ella

vul

gari

s L.

self

hea

lA

K 2

3469

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lent

ibul

aria

ceae

Utr

icul

aria

del

icat

ula

Che

esem

anbl

adde

rwor

tA

K 2

3003

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

48 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Lina

ceae

*Li

num

bie

nne

Mil

l.A

ustr

alia

n fl

axA

K 2

3866

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Lina

ceae

Linu

m m

onog

ynum

var

. cha

tham

icum

Coc

kayn

eC

hath

am I

slan

d li

nen

flax

rauh

uia

AK

230

459

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Lyth

race

ae*

Lyth

rum

hys

sopi

foli

um L

. hy

ssop

loo

sest

rife

CH

R 5

9485

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Mal

vace

ae†

Hoh

eria

pop

ulne

a A

.Cun

n.la

ceba

rkho

uher

eA

K 2

9580

2N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Mal

vace

ae*

Mal

va d

endr

omor

pha

F.M

.Ray

tree

mal

low

CH

R 4

0341

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Mal

vace

ae*

Mal

va li

nnae

i M.F

.Ray

Cre

tan

mal

low

CH

R 4

6804

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Mal

vace

ae*

Mal

va n

egle

cta

Wal

lr.

dwar

f m

allo

wC

HR

403

418

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Mal

vace

ae*

Mal

va n

icae

ensi

s A

ll.

Fren

ch m

allo

wA

K 2

9564

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Mal

vace

ae*

Mal

va p

arvi

flor

a L.

smal

l-le

aved

mal

low

AK

297

197

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Mal

vace

ae*

Mal

va s

ylve

stri

s L.

larg

e-le

aved

mal

low

AK

295

779

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Mal

vace

aePl

agia

nthu

s di

vari

catu

s J.

R.F

orst

. et

G.F

orst

.m

arsh

rib

bonw

ood

CH

R 2

8833

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Mal

vace

aePl

agia

nthu

s re

gius

sub

sp. c

hath

amic

us (

Coc

kayn

e) d

e La

nge

Cha

tham

Isl

and

ribb

onw

ood

AK

520

6C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Mal

vace

aePl

agia

nthu

s re

gius

sub

sp. c

hath

amic

us (

Coc

kayn

e) d

e La

nge

× P.

div

aric

atus

J.R

.For

st. e

t G

.For

st.

AK

229

928

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Mon

tiac

eae

Mon

tia

font

ana

L. s

ubsp

. fon

tana

blin

ksC

HR

496

868

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Mon

tiac

eae

*M

onti

a fo

ntan

a su

bsp.

cho

ndro

sper

ma

(Fen

zl)

Wal

ters

blin

ksA

K 3

0024

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Myr

tace

aeLe

ptos

perm

um s

copa

rium

J.R

.For

st. e

t G

.For

st.

tea

tree

kahi

kāto

aA

K 2

9616

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Myr

tace

ae†

Lept

ospe

rmum

aff

. sco

pari

um (

a)te

a tr

eeka

hikā

toa

AK

295

080

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Myr

tace

ae†

Met

rosi

dero

s ex

cels

a So

l. ex

Gae

rtn.

New

Zea

land

Chr

istm

as

tree

pohu

tuka

wa

AK

295

799

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Myr

tace

ae*

Ugn

i mol

inae

Tur

cz.

Chi

lean

gua

vaA

K 2

2715

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ole

acea

e*

Frax

inus

exc

elsi

or L

.as

hC

HR

604

586

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ole

acea

e*

Jasm

inum

off

icin

ale

L.po

et’s

jasm

ine

AK

299

987

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ole

acea

e*

Ligu

stru

m o

vali

foli

um H

assk

.C

alif

orni

an p

rive

tA

K 2

9850

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m a

lsin

oide

s A

.Cun

n.w

illo

w h

erb

AK

585

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m a

trip

lici

foli

um A

.Cun

n.w

illo

w h

erb

WE

LT 4

0936

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m b

illa

rdie

rean

um (

Ser.

) D

C.

wil

low

her

bA

K 2

3044

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m b

runn

esce

ns (

Coc

kayn

e) P

.H.R

aven

et

Eng

elho

rn

subs

p. b

runn

esce

nsw

illo

w h

erb

CH

R 2

0293

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

49de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m c

hion

anth

um H

auss

kn.

wil

low

her

bA

K 1

5042

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ona

grac

eae

*Ep

ilob

ium

cil

iatu

m R

af.

wil

low

her

bA

K 2

9577

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m c

iner

eum

A.R

ich.

wil

low

her

bM

EL

1003

11 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m in

sula

re H

auss

kn.

wil

low

her

bA

K 5

722

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m k

omar

ovia

num

H.L

év.

wil

low

her

bA

K 2

2769

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m m

icro

phyl

lum

A.R

ich.

wil

low

her

bA

K 2

9595

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m n

erte

rioi

des

A.C

unn.

wil

low

her

bA

K 1

5042

8 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m n

umm

ular

iifo

lium

A.C

unn.

wil

low

her

bC

HR

202

930

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m p

alli

difl

orum

A.C

unn.

wil

low

her

bC

HR

202

924

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m p

edun

cula

re A

.Cun

n.w

illo

w h

erb

AK

150

433

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m p

uben

s A

.Ric

h.w

illo

w h

erb

AK

228

073

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ona

grac

eae

Epil

obiu

m r

otun

difo

lium

G.F

orst

.w

illo

w h

erb

AK

170

708

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ona

grac

eae

†Fu

chsi

a ex

cort

icat

a (J

.R.F

orst

. et

G.F

orst

.) L

.f.tr

ee f

uchs

iako

tuku

tuku

AK

227

697

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Ona

grac

eae

*Fu

chsi

a m

agel

lani

ca L

am. v

ar. m

agel

lani

cafu

chsi

aC

HR

594

958

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ona

grac

eae

*Fu

chsi

a m

agel

lani

ca v

ar. m

olin

ae ‘E

spin

osa’

fuch

sia

CH

R 5

9501

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Oro

banc

hace

ae*

Oro

banc

he m

inor

Sm

.br

oom

rap

eC

HR

569

363

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Oro

banc

hace

ae*

Pare

ntuc

elli

a vi

scos

a (L

.) C

arue

lta

r w

eed

AK

294

947

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Oxa

lida

ceae

*O

xali

s ar

ticu

lata

Sav

igny

var

. art

icul

ata

sour

gras

sA

K 1

7200

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Oxa

lida

ceae

*O

xali

s co

rnic

ulat

a L.

sub

sp. c

orni

cula

taox

alis

AK

296

088

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Oxa

lida

ceae

Oxa

lis

exil

is A

.Cun

n.cr

eepi

ng o

xali

sC

HR

158

318

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Oxa

lida

ceae

*O

xali

s in

carn

ata

L.li

lac

oxal

isC

HR

496

749

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Oxa

lida

ceae

*O

xali

s la

tifo

lia

Kun

thfi

shta

il o

xali

sA

K 2

9631

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Oxa

lida

ceae

Oxa

lis

mag

ella

nica

G.F

orst

.A

K 2

9610

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Oxa

lida

ceae

Oxa

lis

rube

ns H

aw.

AK

295

905

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Oxa

lida

ceae

Oxa

lis

thom

pson

iae

B.J

.Con

n. e

t P.

G.R

icha

rdT

hom

pson

’s o

xali

sA

K 2

9618

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Pass

iflo

race

ae*

Pass

iflo

ra t

ripa

rtit

a va

r. m

olli

ssim

a (K

unth

) H

olm

-Nie

ls. e

t Jø

rg.

bana

na p

assi

onfr

uit

AK

287

687

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Phr

ymac

eae

Glo

ssos

tigm

a el

atin

oide

s B

enth

. ex

Hoo

k.f.

AK

297

749

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Phr

ymac

eae

*M

imul

us g

utta

tus

DC

.m

onke

y m

usk

AK

296

138

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Phr

ymac

eae

*M

imul

us m

osch

atus

Lin

dl.

mon

key

mus

kA

K 2

9808

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

50 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Pit

tosp

orac

eae

†Pi

ttos

poru

m c

rass

ifol

ium

Ban

ks e

t So

l. ex

A.C

unn.

karo

AK

295

935

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*C

alli

tric

he h

eter

ophy

lla

Pur

shst

arw

ort

CH

R 5

9480

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Cal

litr

iche

mue

ller

i Son

d.st

arw

ort

AK

230

463

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Cal

litr

iche

pet

riei

sub

sp. c

hath

amen

sis

R.M

ason

C

hath

am I

slan

d st

arw

ort

AK

227

162

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*C

alli

tric

he s

tagn

alis

Sco

p.st

arw

ort

AK

234

687

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Gra

tiol

a se

xden

tata

R.C

unn.

ex

A.C

unn.

grat

iola

AK

296

074

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Heb

e ba

rker

i (C

ocka

yne)

Coc

kayn

e B

arke

r’s

koro

mik

oko

rom

iko

WE

LT 1

6860

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Heb

e ch

atha

mic

a (B

ucha

nan)

Coc

kayn

e et

All

anC

hath

am I

slan

ds

koro

mik

oA

K 7

823

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Heb

e di

effe

nbac

hii (

Ben

th.)

Coc

kayn

e et

All

an

Die

ffen

bach

’s k

orom

iko

WE

LT 3

5210

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

†H

ebe

elli

ptic

a (G

.For

st.)

Pen

nell

koro

muk

aA

K 2

9593

6N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*H

ebe

×fr

anci

sian

a (E

astw

.) S

oust

erhy

brid

heb

eC

HR

604

590

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Heb

e ba

rker

i (C

ocka

yne)

Coc

kayn

e ×

H. d

ieff

enba

chii

(B

enth

.) C

ocka

yne

et A

llan

AK

295

988

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Heb

e ch

atha

mic

a (B

ucha

nan)

Coc

kayn

e et

All

an ×

H.

dief

fenb

achi

i (B

enth

.) C

ocka

yne

et A

llan

koro

mik

oC

HR

399

058

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*K

ickx

ia e

lati

ne (

L.)

Dum

ort.

flue

llen

AK

295

639

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Lim

osel

la li

neat

a G

lück

mud

wor

tA

K 2

9615

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*Pl

anta

go a

ustr

alis

Lam

.sw

amp

plan

tain

AK

299

127

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*Pl

anta

go c

oron

opus

L.

buck

’s h

orn

plan

tain

CH

R 4

3647

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*Pl

anta

go la

nceo

lata

L.

narr

ow-l

eave

d pl

anta

inA

K 1

7064

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*Pl

anta

go m

ajor

L.

broa

d-le

aved

pla

ntai

nko

pako

paC

HR

436

504

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Plan

tago

rao

ulii

Dec

ne.

tūkō

rehu

AK

231

011

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Plan

tago

tri

andr

a B

ergg

r. st

arw

eed

AK

296

001

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*V

eron

ica

arve

nsis

L.

fiel

d sp

eedw

ell

CH

R 4

6803

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*V

eron

ica

pers

ica

Poir

.sc

ram

blin

g sp

eedw

ell

CH

R 4

9855

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

Ver

onic

a pl

ebei

a R

.Br.

nati

ve s

peed

wel

lA

K 2

9617

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Pla

ntag

inac

eae

*V

eron

ica

serp

ylli

foli

a L.

turf

spe

edw

ell

AK

170

654

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poly

gona

ceae

Mue

hlen

beck

ia a

ustr

alis

(G

.For

st.)

Mei

sn.

pōhu

ehue

AK

229

929

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poly

gona

ceae

Pers

icar

ia d

ecip

iens

(R

.Br.

) K

.L.W

ilso

nw

ater

pep

per

CH

R 6

0234

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

51de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Poly

gona

ceae

*Pe

rsic

aria

mac

ulos

a G

ray

wat

er p

eppe

rA

K 2

9617

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poly

gona

ceae

*Po

lygo

num

are

nast

rum

Bor

eau

smal

l-le

aved

wir

ewee

dA

K 2

9578

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poly

gona

ceae

*Po

lygo

num

avi

cula

re L

.w

irew

eed

AK

299

032

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poly

gona

ceae

*R

umex

ace

tose

lla

L.sh

eep’

s so

rrel

AK

170

676

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poly

gona

ceae

*R

umex

bro

wni

i Cam

pd.

hook

ed d

ock

AK

298

667

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poly

gona

ceae

*R

umex

con

glom

erat

us M

urra

ycl

uste

red

dock

CH

R 4

0338

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poly

gona

ceae

*R

umex

cri

spus

L.

curl

ed d

ock

CH

R 4

3645

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Poly

gona

ceae

Rum

ex fl

exuo

sus

Spre

ng.

Mao

ri d

ock

runa

AK

295

806

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poly

gona

ceae

Rum

ex n

egle

ctus

Kir

ksh

ore

dock

runa

AK

230

446

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Poly

gona

ceae

*R

umex

obt

usif

oliu

s L.

broa

d-le

aved

doc

kC

HR

436

613

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Poly

gona

ceae

*R

umex

pul

cher

L.

fidd

le d

ock

CH

R 9

6684

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pri

mul

acea

e*

Ana

gall

is a

rven

sis

L. s

ubsp

. arv

ensi

s va

r. a

rven

sis

scar

let

pim

pern

elA

K 2

9607

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Pri

mul

acea

eM

yrsi

ne c

hath

amic

a F.

Mue

ll.

Cha

tham

Isl

and

mat

ipo

mat

ipo

AK

105

671

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Pri

mul

acea

eM

yrsi

ne c

oxii

Coc

kayn

eco

x’s

mat

ipo

mat

ipo

AK

105

670

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Pri

mul

acea

eM

yrsi

ne c

hath

amic

a F.

Mue

ll. ×

M. c

oxii

Coc

kayn

eA

K 2

2913

4 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Pri

mul

acea

e*

Prim

ula

vulg

aris

Hud

s.pr

imro

seC

HR

585

631

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Pri

mul

acea

eSa

mol

us r

epen

s (J

.R.F

orst

. et

G.F

orst

) Pe

rs. v

ar. r

epen

sm

arsh

pri

mro

seA

K 1

5003

1 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Rha

mna

ceae

Dis

cari

a to

umat

ou R

aoul

mat

agou

ritū

mat

akur

iC

HR

288

385

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ros

acea

eA

caen

a an

seri

nifo

lia

(J.R

.For

st. e

t G

.For

st.)

J.B

.Arm

str.

bidi

bidi

piri

piri

CH

R 4

9684

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ros

acea

eA

caen

a no

vae-

zela

ndia

e K

irk

bidi

bidi

piri

piri

AK

170

682

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Ros

acea

eA

caen

a pa

llid

a (K

irk)

All

anbi

dibi

dipi

ripi

riA

K 2

2847

2 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ros

acea

eA

caen

a no

vae-

zela

ndia

e K

irk

× A

. pal

lida

(K

irk)

All

anA

K 2

2773

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ros

acea

e*

Cot

onea

ster

gla

ucop

hyll

us F

ranc

h.co

tone

aste

rA

K 2

9590

0E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ros

acea

e*

Cot

onea

ster

lact

eus

W.W

.Sm

.A

K 2

9592

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ros

acea

e*

Frag

aria

×an

anas

sa D

uche

sne

stra

wbe

rry

AK

295

089

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ros

acea

e*

Mal

us ×

dom

esti

ca B

orkh

.ap

ple

AK

229

932

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ros

acea

ePo

tent

illa

ans

erin

oide

s R

aoul

silv

erw

eed

kōw

hai

AK

477

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Ros

acea

e*

Pote

ntil

la r

epta

ns L

.cr

eepi

ng c

inqu

efoi

lA

K 2

9597

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ros

acea

e*

Prun

us c

eras

ifer

a E

hrh.

plum

CH

R 6

0459

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ros

acea

e*

Prun

us s

erru

lata

Lin

dl.

cher

ry p

lum

AK

296

875

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ros

acea

e*

Prun

us ×

dom

esti

ca L

.Ja

pane

se h

ill

cher

ryA

K 2

9592

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

52 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Ros

acea

e*

Ros

a ru

bigi

nosa

L.

bria

r ro

seA

K 1

1291

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ros

acea

e*

Ros

a w

ichu

riai

ana

‘Am

eric

an P

illa

r’ro

seA

K 2

9579

3E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Ros

acea

e*

Ros

a w

ichu

riai

ana

‘Bal

leri

na’

rose

AK

297

793

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ros

acea

e*

Ros

a w

ichu

riai

ana

‘Hia

wat

ha’

rose

AK

298

805

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Ros

acea

e*

Rub

us p

olya

nthe

mus

Lin

deb.

blac

kber

ryA

K 2

9625

8E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Rub

iace

aeC

opro

sma

acer

osa

A.C

unn.

sand

cop

rosm

atā

tara

heke

AK

227

207

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Rub

iace

aeC

opro

sma

aff.

prop

inqu

a va

r. m

arti

nii

AK

281

352

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Rub

iace

aeC

opro

sma

chat

ham

ica

Coc

kayn

eka

ram

ūA

K 2

2715

8C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Rub

iace

aeC

opro

sma

prop

inqu

a A

.Cun

n. v

ar. p

ropi

nqua

min

gim

ingi

AK

150

469

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Rub

iace

aeC

opro

sma

prop

inqu

a va

r. m

arti

nii W

.R.B

.Oli

v.

min

gim

ingi

AK

227

381

Cha

tham

s en

dem

ic

Rub

iace

ae†

Cop

rosm

a re

pens

A.R

ich.

mir

ror

bush

taup

ata

AK

229

938

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Rub

iace

ae†

Cop

rosm

a ro

bust

a R

aoul

kara

mū

AK

227

204

NZ

ind

igen

ous,

Cha

ts

natu

rali

sed

Rub

iace

aeC

opro

sma

chat

ham

ica

Coc

kayn

e ×

†C. r

obus

ta R

aoul

AK

296

455

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Rub

iace

aeC

opro

sma

chat

ham

ica

Coc

kayn

e ×

C. p

ropi

nqua

var

. mar

tini

i W

.R.B

.Oli

v.A

K 2

3043

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Rub

iace

ae†C

opro

sma

robu

sta

Rao

ul ×

C. p

ropi

nqua

var

. mar

tini

i W

.R.B

.Oli

v.A

K 2

9644

9 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Rub

iace

ae*

Gal

ium

apa

rine

L.

clea

vers

CH

R 9

5687

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Rub

iace

ae*

Gal

ium

pal

ustr

e L.

mar

sh b

edst

raw

AK

297

963

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Rub

iace

aeG

aliu

m p

ropi

nquu

m A

.Cun

n.m

āwe

AK

296

139

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Rub

iace

aeG

aliu

m t

rilo

bum

Col

enso

AK

296

144

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Rub

iace

ae*

Gal

ium

uli

gino

sum

L.

fen

beds

traw

CH

R 5

9502

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Rub

iace

aeN

erte

ra d

epre

ssa

Ban

ks e

t So

l. ex

Gae

rtn.

nert

era

CH

R 9

7746

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Rub

iace

aeN

erte

ra v

illo

sa B

.H.M

acm

ill.

et R

.Mas

onne

rter

aA

K 2

2819

7 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Rub

iace

ae*

Sher

ardi

a ar

vens

is L

.fi

eld

mad

der

AK

295

784

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Sali

cace

ae*

Sali

x ×

sepu

lcra

lis

Sim

onk.

kem

p w

illo

wA

K 2

9508

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Sali

cace

ae*

Sali

x ca

prea

L.

goat

wil

low

CH

R 5

9486

2E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Sali

cace

ae*

Sali

x ci

nere

a L.

grey

wil

low

AK

295

780

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Sali

cace

ae*

Sali

x fr

agil

is L

.cr

ack

wil

low

AK

295

913

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Sali

cace

ae*

Sali

x sp

. 1w

illo

wA

K 2

9591

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

53de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Sapi

ndac

eae

*A

cer

pseu

dopl

atan

us L

.sy

cam

ore

CH

R 4

0341

7E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Sapi

ndac

eae

†D

odon

aea

visc

osa

Jacq

.st

icky

hop

-bus

hak

eake

AK

512

6N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Saxi

frag

acea

e*

Ber

geni

a co

rdif

olia

Ste

rnb.

berg

enia

CH

R 5

9474

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Saxi

frag

acea

e*

Saxi

frag

a st

olon

ifer

a M

eerb

.m

othe

r of

tho

usan

dsC

HR

604

595

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Scro

phul

aria

ceae

*A

ntir

rhin

um m

ajus

L.

snap

drag

onA

K 3

0000

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Scro

phul

aria

ceae

*B

uddl

eja

davi

dii F

ranc

h.bu

ddle

iaC

HR

594

929

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Scro

phul

aria

ceae

†M

yopo

rum

laet

um G

.For

st.

ngai

oA

K 1

7066

9N

Z i

ndig

enou

s, C

hats

na

tura

lise

d

Scro

phul

aria

ceae

Myo

poru

m s

emot

um H

eena

n et

de

Lang

eng

aio

CH

R 5

0522

1C

hath

ams

ende

mic

Scro

phul

aria

ceae

*V

erba

scum

tha

psus

L.

CH

R 9

6650

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Sola

nace

ae*

Bru

gman

sia

sang

uine

a (R

uiz

et P

av.)

D.D

onA

K 2

9156

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Sola

nace

ae*

Lyci

um fe

roci

ssim

um M

iers

boxt

horn

CH

R 1

7873

4E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Sola

nace

ae*

Nic

andr

a ph

ysal

oide

s (L

.) G

aert

n.ap

ple

of P

eru

AK

295

640

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Sola

nace

ae*

Phys

alis

per

uvia

na L

.ca

pe g

oose

berr

yC

HR

436

473

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Sola

nace

aeSo

lanu

m a

vicu

lare

G.F

orst

. var

. avi

cula

rebu

lli

bull

ipo

ropo

roC

HR

436

598

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Sola

nace

ae*

Sola

num

che

nopo

dioi

des

Lam

.ve

lvet

nig

htsh

ade

CH

R 4

9683

5E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Sola

nace

aeSo

lanu

m la

cini

atum

Ait

onbu

lli

bull

ipo

ropo

roA

K 2

2716

3 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Sola

nace

ae*

Sola

num

lyco

pers

icum

L.

tom

ato

AK

295

941

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Sola

nace

ae*

Sola

num

nig

rum

L.

blac

k ni

ghts

hade

AK

234

157

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Sola

nace

aeSo

lanu

m n

odif

loru

m J

acq.

nigh

tsha

deA

K 2

9634

0 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Sola

nace

ae*

Sola

num

tub

eros

um L

.po

tato

AK

295

919

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Thy

mel

aeac

eae

Pim

elea

vil

losa

Sol

. ex

Sm.

sand

dap

hne

aute

tar

anga

CH

R 1

1291

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Tro

paeo

lace

ae*

Trop

aeol

um m

ajus

L.

nast

urti

umA

K 2

9851

1E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Tro

paeo

lace

ae*

Trop

aeol

um s

peci

osum

Poe

pp. e

t E

ndl.

Chi

lean

fla

me

cree

per

AK

296

314

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Urt

icac

eae

Aus

tral

ina

pusi

lla

Gau

dich

.au

stra

lina

AK

230

461

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Urt

icac

eae

Pari

etar

ia d

ebil

is G

.For

st.

pell

itor

yA

K 2

2720

5 C

hath

ams

indi

geno

us

Urt

icac

eae

*Pa

riet

aria

juda

ica

L.pe

llit

ory

of t

he w

all

AK

300

307

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Urt

icac

eae

*So

leir

olia

sol

eiro

lii (

Reg

.) D

andy

Bab

y’s

tear

sA

K 3

1585

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Urt

icac

eae

Urt

ica

aust

rali

s H

ook.

f.so

uthe

rn n

ettl

eon

gaon

gaA

K 3

781

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Urt

icac

eae

*U

rtic

a ur

ens

L.sm

all

nett

leC

HR

178

756

Exo

tic

natu

rali

sed

Vio

lace

aeM

elic

ytus

cha

tham

icus

(F.

Mue

ll.)

Gar

n.-J

ones

Cha

tham

Isl

and

mah

oem

ahoe

AK

114

10C

hath

ams

ende

mic

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

54 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

FAM

ILY

TAX

ON

CO

MM

ON

NA

ME

MA

OR

I NA

ME

VO

UC

HER

IND

IGEN

OU

S ST

AT

US

Vio

lace

aeV

iola

cun

ning

ham

ii H

ook.

f.m

ount

ain

viol

etC

AN

U 1

9827

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Vio

lace

aeV

iola

lyal

lii H

ook.

f.na

tive

vio

let

hāka

AK

299

666

Cha

tham

s in

dige

nous

Vio

lace

ae*

Vio

la o

dora

ta L

.vi

olet

CH

R 6

0479

9E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

Vio

lace

ae*

Vio

la r

ivin

iana

Rch

b.do

g vi

olet

CH

R 4

9628

6E

xoti

c na

tura

lise

d

* = E

xotic

nat

ural

ised

; † =

NZ

indi

geno

us, C

hath

ams n

atur

alis

ed.

55de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Appendix 2

Rejected taxaThe following 50 taxa have been recorded from the Chatham Islands but are not accepted in this publication because we have not seen substantiating voucher specimens.

*Acaena agnipila Gand. (Northcroft 1975)A. profundeincisa (Bitter) B.H.Macmill. (Jane 1997)Agrostis magellanica Lam. (Godley 1989)*Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Northcroft 1975)*Arctium L. sp. (Mueller 1864)Avicennia marina subsp. australasica (Walp.) J.Everett (Mueller 1864)Brachyscome sinclairii Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)Carex geminata Schkuhr (Hamlin 1954)*Centaurea calcitrapa L. (Northcroft 1975)*Convolvulus arvensis L. (Northcroft 1975; Webb et al. 1988)Coprosma foetidissima J.R.Forst. et G.Forst. (Kirk 1899, Richards 1952)Earina autumnalis (G.Forst.) Hook.f. (Cockayne 1902)*Echium vulgaris L. (Northcroft 1975)Einadia allanii (Aellen) Paul G. Wilson (Buchanan 1875; Richards 1952)Empodisma minus (Hook.f.) L.A.S.Johnson et D.F.Cutler (Druce & Kelly 1973)Epilobium confertifolium Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)*Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Northcroft 1975)*Fragaria vesca L. (Mueller 1864)Glossostigma diandrum (L.) Kuntze (de Lange et al. 1999a)Isolepis fluitans (L.) R.Br. (Jane 1997)Juncus novae-zelandiae Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)*Lamium purpureum L. (Northcroft 1975)Lepidium draba L. (Northcroft 1975)Leptinella lanata Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)*Linum catharticum L. (Northcroft 1975)*L. usitatissimum L. (Northcroft 1975)Luzula banksiana var. migrata (Buchenau) Edgar (Cheeseman 1925)L. crinita Hook.f. (Godley 1989)Lycopodium deuterodensum Herter (Buchanan 1875; Cheeseman 1925; Richards 1952)Melicytus ramiflorus J.R.Forst. et G.Forst. (Richards 1952)*Mentha ×piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. (Northcroft 1975)Microseris scapigera (Sol. ex A.Cunn.) Sch.Bip. (Druce & Kelly 1973)Poa anceps (Jane 1997)P. breviglumis Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875, Godley 1989)P. foliosa (Hook.f.) Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)P. novae-zelandiae Hack. (Buchanan 1875)Polystichum cystostegium (Hook.f.) J.B.Armstr. (Crookes 1963)Pomaderris apetala Labill. (Hector 1878)*Portulaca oleracea L. (Northcroft 1975)Ranunculus multiscapus Hook.f. (Jane 1997)*Sedum acre L. (Northcroft 1975)Senecio quadridentatus Labill. (de Lange et al. 1999a)*Trifolium hybridum L. (Webb et al. 1988)*T. incarnatum L. (Webb et al. 1988)*T. medium L. (Northcroft 1975)Uncinia caespitosa Boott (Cheeseman 1906)U. clavata (Kük.) Hamlin (Jane 1997)U. ferruginea Boott (Jane 1997)*Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. (Northcroft 1975)*Vittadinia triloba (Gaudich.) DC. (Northcroft 1975)

56 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Appendix 3

Misapplied names, synonyms and misidentificationsThe following 28 taxa are names that have been incorrectly applied to plants that are known to be on the Chatham Islands. The most probable identity for these names is provided following the literature citation in brackets, e.g., Carex forsteri Wahlenb (Buchanan 1875; Cockayne 1902, referred to the Chatham Islands endemic C. ventosa C.B.Clarke).

Arundo conspicua G.Forst. (Buchanan 1875, Cockayne 1902, and Cheeseman 1925; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic Austroderia turbaria Connor)Aciphylla lyallii Hook.f. and A. monroi Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic A. traversii)Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (Northcroft 1975; referred to Alopecurus geniculatus L.)Astelia cunninghamii Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic A. chathamica L.B.Moore)Astelia grandis Hook.f. ex Kirk (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic A. chathamica L.B.Moore)Carex forsteri Wahlenb. (Buchanan 1875 and Cockayne 1902; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic C. ventosa Petrie)Carex lambertiana Boott (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic C. chathamica C.B.Clarke or possibly, C. flagellifera Colenso)Colobanthus crassifolius Hook.f. (Richards 1952; referred to C. muscoides Hook.f.)Coprosma baueri Endl. (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic Coprosma chathamica Cockayne or, possibly, the first literature record of Coprosma repens naturalising on the islands)Corokia buddleioides A.Cunn. (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic C. macrocarpa Kirk)Dicksonia antarctica Hook.f. (Cockayne 1902; referred to D. fibrosa Colenso)Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium (G.Forst.) R.Br. (Buchanan 1875; referred to D. scoparium Hook.f.)Geranium chathamicus Given nom. nud. (Given 1996; referred to to the Chatham Islands endemic G. traversii Hook.f.)Veronica salicifolia G.Forst. (Buchanan 1875; referred to one of the Chatham Islands endemic hebes, e.g., Hebe barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne, H. chathamica (Buchanan) Cockayne et Allan, H. dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne et Allan)Hymenophyllum javanicum Spreng. (Buchanan 1875; referred to H. flexuosum A.Cunn.)Libertia ixioides (G.Forst.) Spreng. (Buchanan 1875, Cockayne 1902, and Cheeseman 1925; referred to L. peregrinans Cockayne et Allan)Luzula rufa Edgar var. rufa (Edgar 1966)—this wood rush was accidentally recorded for the Chatham Islands (E. Edgar pers comm. 1999)Myrsine nummularia Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875; referred to to the Chatham Islands endemic M. coxii Cockayne)Olearia angustifolia Hook.f. var. (Buchanan 1875, referred to to the Chatham Islands endemic O. chathamica Kirk)Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. and O. vulgatum L. (see Allan 1961, Crookes 1963, and also Buchanan (1875) where O. vulgatum is mentioned as O. vulgatum var. β. costatum (R.Br.) Hook.f.)—these records are based on a mixed herbarium sheet which includes both

57de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist

Chatham Island specimens of O. petiolatum Hook.f. and foreign Ophioglossum specimens (P. J. Brownsey pers. comm.).Panax crassifolia Decne et Planch. (Buchanan 1875, referred to to the Chatham Islands endemic Pseudopanax chathamica Kirk) Pterostylis australis Hook.f. (Hatch 1949, referred to the Chatham Islands endemic P. silvicultrix (F.Muell.) Molloy, D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem.)Rumex acetosa L. (Northcroft 1975, referred to R. acetosella L.)Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla (Buchanan 1875, referred to S. pungens (Vahl) Palla)Sophora tetraptera var. grandiflora Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875; referred to S. chathamica Cockayne)Stellaria decipiens Hook.f. (Richards 1952; referred to S. parviflora Hook.f.)Uncinia rupestris Raoul (Hamlin 1954, Druce & Kelly 1973, and de Lange et al 1999a, referred to U. angustifoliaHamlin).Utricularia dichotoma Labill. (Cockayne 1902; referred to U. delicatula see Reutz & Fineran 1999).