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QUAID-E-AZAM College of Engineering and Technology, SAHIWAL

Internship Report

By: Muhammad Zahid Khan

Hosting Company: Descon Engineering Limited

Duration of the internship: 4/7/2015- 3/8/2015

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Declaration I hereby declare that the project work entitled "INTERNSHIP REPORT" submitted to the Descon Engineering Limited is a record of original work done by me under the guidance of site engineer Zeeshan Youssef and site supervisor Mehtab Haider. And this Internship work is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

internship session of 2015 held for 4the year student of Quaid-e-Azam Collage of

Engineering and Technology.

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Acknowledgment First of all, I would like to thank families and friends that participate on my life and get me in this intensity and individuals who support and share idea and also helping me to be like this.

I would like to convey my heartiest thanks to Site Manager Munir Hussain and all staff member works on RO Plant Project under the Descon Engineering Limited. I am very thankful to Descon Engineering Limited. For having given me the opportunity to undertake my internship class in their working area. It was a very good learning experience for me to have worked at this area. I would also thank Zeeshan Yousaf for his endless support at site and in his office by consulting me how do things in the site, all teachers of Quaid-e-Azam who brought me to my present performance and shape me like this during the last three successive years. I would also thank Saqib Saeed and Israr Ahmad for his support at his office by consulting me how to write this report in outstanding manner. Before I finish, I would like to give my deepest thanks to all workers from the contractor and the consultant side starting from engineers to daily laborers. Also for those who do not listed in the above but support me in different areas.

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Abstract The internship reports in broad-spectrum contains four chapters in which I try to explain my experience in my hosting company. The content of all chapters is broadly explained and it is constructed from the practical basis of the site work ended. In the opening chapter I give details to the company background including it s mission, vision, the project those runs through the company consultation. In this chapter I put all record or history and futurity of my hosting company with its official address. So, it is give details of the company in terms of reader can easily know and access the company. The second chapter is the most hunted chapter which explains my overall internship familiarity. This chapter is the main chapter and I record on it the overall work I have been executing. It gives a high light what I have been doing and main works of the construction industry. After all those chapters explained above I go to the third chapter and explain the main benefits of the internship class in terms of different aspects and areas. It is obvious that the internship has terms of improving skills and different abilities as a whole. The advantages and gains of the internship putted in short and prices way to grasp the attention of readers and evaluators. The final and fourth chapter explains about the winding up and suggestion on the project that our company runs. Inside the site we get many things which are appropriate and inappropriate for work in building construction, thus I comment and give my recommendation in some conditions and workings.

 

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Contents 1 Background of the hosting company ................................................................................................... 6 

1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 6 

1.2 HISTORY ........................................................................................................................................ 7 

1.3 PHILOSOPHY .................................................................................................................................. 7 

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE .................................................................................................................... 8 

1.5 Achievements ................................................................................................................................ 9 

1.6 ESTABLISHMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 12 

1.7 Corporate Information ................................................................................................................ 13 

1.8 CEO'S MESSAGE .......................................................................................................................... 14 

2. OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ................................................................................................. 15 

2.1 Joining of the company ............................................................................................................... 15 

2.2 Work piece or task I have been executing .................................................................................. 15 

2.3 My performance during accomplishing work tasks .................................................................... 21 

2.4 Challenges I have faced ............................................................................................................... 22 

3 Overall Benefits of the internship ...................................................................................................... 23 

3.1 Upgrading interpersonal communication skill ............................................................................ 23 

3.2 Improving team playing skill ....................................................................................................... 24 

3.3 Improving practical skill .............................................................................................................. 24 

3.4 Work ethics and related issues ................................................................................................... 25 

3.5 Upgrading the theoretical knowledge ........................................................................................ 25 

4.  Conclusion and recommendation .................................................................................................. 26 

4.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 26 

4.2 Recommendation ........................................................................................................................ 26 

 

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1st chapter

1 Background of the hosting company  

  1.1 INTRODUCTION 

It started over thirty-seven years ago, in a five hundred square feet office space at Lahore’s historical WAPDA house. We had a vision to embark on a journey to create Pakistan’s leading engineering enterprise. Over the years, the spirit of our founders inspired our people to not just achieve the ordinary but the extraordinary. This belief became the foundation of Pakistan’s leading engineering conglomerate; Descon.

Descon’s global presence spreads across United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Qatar from where new ventures are executed in Kuwait, Iraq, Oman and Egypt. The development and manufacturing of industrial process equipment and piping spool takes effect from our state-of-the-art plant. The strength of our experienced project team carrying operations have the essential ISO, OHSAS and ASME certifications in addition to our own QA & QC and HSE standards.

Today, Descon owns and operates chemicals and power plants, with allied interests in inspection and testing. Descon Chemicals Business comprises of Descon Chemicals Limited and Descon Oxychem Limited. Our Power Business takes shape in the form of Deson Power Solutions (DPS), providing power plant operations and maintenance (O&M) services for thermal and renewable power plants in Pakistan.

As part of our Corporate Social Responsibility, Descon takes immense pride in educating underprivileged youth, keen to acquire technical skills and improving their livelihood through the Descon Technical Institute. DTI also provides vocational trainings to young aspiring students.

Driven by a set vision and commitment, Descon strives to add value to our clients' businesses by providing world-class solutions at cost-effective levels.

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1.2 HISTORY  It all started in a small one room office in Lahore. The pioneers of the company

came from a fertilizer plant. It was the entrepreneurial spirit of four people who had a vision of building a lasting institution prominent for its professionalism and distinguished by the desire of creating a world-class engineering powerhouse. Today that vision has come true and the journey has been replete with significant strides forward in its history.

1.3 PHILOSOPHY  

Vision

To become a world-class engineering, manufacturing and construction company operating internationally.

Core Values

Professionalism

Teamwork

Open Communication

Leadership

Continuous Improvement

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1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE 

Quality Policy They are committed to become a leading Architectural and Engineering consultant in the country by providing value added services in a quality conscious environment that not only exceeds the expectation of customers, vendors ‘ e m p l o y e e s and shareholders, but also raises the standards of excellence in industry. We are committed to achieve our goal by continually improving people, processes and products.

Quality Objectives

To win major projects and attain premier in the industry.

To successfully execute projects undertaken.

Continues development of competence & skill based on human resources.

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1.5 Achievements  

Milestones

1977 Company established

1980 Olayan Descon JV formed in Olayan Saudi Arabia

1982 Descon Manufacturing Works commissioned

1982 Office established in Abu Dhabi

2000 JV engineering company formed with JGC Corporation

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2000 Presson Descon (PDIL) formed, a JV with Presson Canada

2001 Fabrication shop established in Ruwais, Abu Dhabi

2002 Yanbu workshop commissioned

2004 Descon Engineering Qatar, LLC established

2005 Hamriyah Manufacturing Works in Sharjahcommissione

2006 Rousch Power Plant and Altern Energy acquired by Descon

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2007 Karachi Manufacturing Works commissioned

2007 First major EPC contract acquired from Fertil, Abu Dhabi

2008 Descon Oxychem commissioned

2010 JGC-Descon becomes Descon Integrated Projects., Limited

2010 Fabrication shop commissioned in Qatar

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1.6 ESTABLISHMENTS 

Pakistan Descon Engineering Limited Descon Engineering Services and Technology (Pvt) Limited (formerly Descon Integrated Projects (Pvt) Limited) Presson Descon International (Pvt) Limited Descon Manufacturing Works, Lahore Descon Manufacturing Works, Karachi

United Arab Emirates Descon Engineering, Abu Dhabi Descon Engineering, Dubai Descon Engineering FZE, Sharjah

Qatar Descon Engineering Qatar LLC, Doha

Iraq Descon Engineering FZE, Iraq Presson Descon International KRG, Iraq

Oman

Descon Engineering Oman LLC

Joint Venture Olayan Descon Industrial Company, Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia Manufacturing Works, Al Jubail & Yanbu, Saudi Arabia

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1.7 Corporate Information  

Company Registration No: 005998

National Tax No: 0803526-1

Company Status: Public Limited Unlisted

Auditor M/s. Horwath Hussain Chadhury & Co.

Directors

Abdul Razak Dawood (Director / Chairman)

Taimur Dawood (Director / Vice Chairman)

Faisal Dawood (Director)

Farooq Nazir (Director)

Abdul Sohail (Alternate Director for Faisal Dawood)

Associated Companies

Altern Energy Limited

Descon Integrated Projects (Pvt.) Ltd

Presson Descon International (Pvt.) Limited

Descon Engineering FZE

Olayan Descon Engineering Limited

Olayan Descon Industrial Limited

Descon Engineering Qatar LLC

 

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1.8 CEO'S MESSAGE 

I feel confident that Descon remains on course to moving into the realm of becoming Pakistan’s leading engineering, chemicals and power conglomerate. Over the last three decades, we have maintained a leading position in a competitive regional market. This has been made possible by our entrepreneurial spirit, living up to commitments and relentless support of our stakeholders and understanding of global business trends.

Our emergence as a leading engineering company is aligned with the vision of progressing up the value chain to add value for our customers. This evolution shall remain under focus during the coming years. For us, what matters most is customer satisfaction which we have to balance against our growth pattern. At the heart of all operations remain our team members who have the spirit to push boundaries and foster a culture of accepting challenges.

Every organization needs to reinvent itself to meet changing market dynamics and we at Descon are going through the same phase. This will help reinforce us to be better prepared for the changing environment by re-examining all our current processes. In doing so, we look at the challenges that arise as opportunities to achieve continuous improvement.

The growth of Deacon’s business is predicated on safety and quality. We have embedded these principles in the DNA of our work force and reap the benefits by delivering high quality work for our customers without cutting any corners for the safety of our workforce and that of our clients.

Descon is proud to be home to over thirty nationalities, spanning from east to west bringing a multitude of traditions, talents and expertise. In our efforts to become a true multinational, we strive to add more to the diversity in the work place. I pay tribute to our teams at every level for being part of the Descon vision and purpose.

Abdul Razak Dawood

Chief Executive Officer

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2nd Chapte

2. OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE 

2.1 Joining of the company 

Since we have finished 3rd year we got the application letter for internship from the Quaid-e-Azam Collage of Engineering and Technology. So, I have been searching a hosting company in the summer but I don‘t get any company that satisfy my own interest because they don‘t have the ability and the capacity to teach intern student and also some company reject student because student from other universities apply first. Due to those reason and other disabilities I did not find any company in the start of summer. In the end of summer, I came to know that there is a project started by Descon Engineering Limited the construction of RO (Reverse Osmoses) Plant in the FFBL (Fuji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited). My Father contacted to the Site Manager Munir Hussain for my internship. After the all process of documentation I joined the company.

2.2 Work piece or task I have been executing  Actually, I assigned to work in the field with the contractor but perform especially for students because it needs experienced and further specialized person in the field. So, to know every work what civil engineers do I try to work and share experience with contractor. Generally, I have been working in the two sections as mentioned above. I classify the work in to office work and site works, mostly the work I have been executing on the site is supervising, working as a site engineer, surveyor and Forman.

Site work

The site work was the very important task for me because the internship main objective lies over her and I have gain many knowledge from the site like communication skill, handling workers, management skill etc. within four month I have the ability to see many works from the project. The work task I have been executing at site is: - Supervising of works - Inspecting the worked element and how they work - Checking the work based on the given check list - Learning the survey work The site work in general overlay over the supervision part so I have been working as

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supervisor based on the given check list that our company give to us. Every work must be checked wither it is executed based on the methodology that the contractor provides to the consultant or not. If not the contractor must report the case why they didn’t execute upon it.

Procedure I have been used when I perform work tasks

The site work I have been perform was controlling how the work is going on and supervising the work based on the given check list which was given to us from the office. The checklist for site supervisors is issued in order to ensure a uniform system of supervision of building construction projects and as a result ensure the quality of construction. In the checklist the responsibilities, liabilities and limitations of the supervisor are briefly mentioned in the steps to the general terms. Details of construction are specified in the drawings, technical specifications and in the general and special conditions of the contract. The duty of mine was to ensure that the construction works are executed in accordance with the contract requirement.

Excavations

Excavation is the first step of construction. It refers to the process of removing soil or rock from its original location, typically in preparation for constructing foundations, basements, and underground utility lines and for grading of the ground surface or our required elevation. Excavated material required for backfill or grading fill is stockpiled on the site for subsequent use. Excavation work I have seen was including excavator excavation, pit excavation and trench excavation. The main aim of the excavation work is to remove organic soils or unwanted soil for the required construction. Excavation shall be carried out to the lines, levels, width, depth and grades and shown on the drawings, directed by the Engineer or as appropriate to the works to be placed in the excavation.

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Site clearance

According to the approval of the surveying data, using the intended machineries the top soil excavation will be started. The organic top soil found on the upper layer to the drawing level. Immediate cart away will be performed following its clearance. This job will be carried out by Excavator or loader as may be suitable to the work. The use of excavator will give the advantage of forth with cart away as dump trucks will be ready available on site, while performing the clearance work. Moreover the clearing of the top soil by loader will bring an increased output result than the loader. As shows in fig.

Pit and trench excavation

The excavation of pit and trench is done by the two methods. Manual excavation

The method of manual excavation for any trench or pit applied where the machinery excavation cannot possible. For manual excavation workers are used to excavate. A supervisor is also required to instruct the labor that how to work technically, safely and quickly. At the time of the excavation the presence of surveyor is very important. Surveyor gives the instruction about the level. It is totally the team work and Corporation is very important.

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Machinery Excavation

In this excavation, all the work is done by the excavator. The excavated material dumped through the dumper. A surveyor must be present there to give the required level.

Concrete Form work As fresh concrete is in plastic state when it is placed for construction purpose so, it becomes necessary to provide some temporary structure to confine and support the concrete till it gains sufficient strength for self-supporting. This temporary structure is called form work. Concrete formwork serves as a mold to produce concrete elements having a desired size and configuration. It is usually erected for this purpose and then removed after the concrete has cured to a satisfactory strength. In some cases, concrete forms may be left in place to become part of the permanent structure. For satisfactory performance, formwork must be adequately strong and stiff to carry the loads produced by the concrete, the workers placing and finishing the concrete, and any equipment or materials supported by the forms. In the site the form work material we use was the plywood material which have a good surface finish. Plywood is used extensively for concrete forms and provides the following advantages:

It is economical in large panels. It is available in various thicknesses. It creates smooth, finished surfaces on concrete.

Plywood is manufactured by peeling veneers (layer of wood) from a log in thin layers, then gluing these veneers together to form plywood panels. Depending on the panel thickness, different numbers of veneer layers are used. To produce a panel that has desirable properties in both directions, the grain direction in different layers of veneer is oriented perpendicular to adjacent layers. Laying panels with veneer grain in perpendicular directions in alternate layers is called cross-banding.

Concrete

Concrete is a composite consisting of the dispersed phase of aggregates (ranging from its maximum size coarse aggregates down to the fine sand particles) embedded in the matrix of cement paste. This is a Portland cement concrete with the four constituents of Portland cement, water, stone and sand. These basic components remain in current concrete but other constituents are now often added to modify its fresh and hardened properties. This has broadened the scope in the design and construction of concrete structures. It has also introduced factors that designers should recognize in order to realize the desired performance in terms of structural adequacy, constructability, and

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required service life. These are translated into strength, workability and durability in relation to properties of concrete. In addition, there is the need to satisfy these provisions at the most cost effective price in practice. Since our building is a reinforced concrete structure the concrete work was commenced every day for constructing/development of every part of the building.

Admixtures

Admixtures are additives that are introduced in a concrete mix to modify the properties of concrete in its fresh and hardened states. In the concrete, which was used in site is mixed with admixtures which cause delay in our concrete initial setting time. Usually it is of 30 minutes but the initial setting time of our concrete is 90 minutes.

Lean concrete:

It poured and placed in position on a surface which presupposes trimming. The mix was made by utilization of 175kg cement /m^3 of concrete in minimum. The thickness of lean concrete is 100mm. The cement use for such work was PPC.

Placement of Lean Concrete

The quantitative and initial mixing of concrete done in the batching plant and transported at the site the concrete transporter truck has the reach to the area where we want to apply lean concrete the truck laid the concrete on the area its easy and time saving. But if the truck has no reach to that area then we use wheelbarrow for the placement of concreter. At that area where we want to place the concrete there must be a surveyor recommends the level of the concrete according to the drawing.

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Curing

The hydration reaction begins as soon as water and cement come into contact, but the rate at which this reaction proceeds is extremely slow. It takes up to 6 months or longer for concrete to gain its full strength. However, approximately 80% of concrete strength develops in 28 days. Approximately two thirds of the 28-day strength is obtained in the first 7 days and approximately half in the first 3 days. This is true only if sufficient water and favorable temperature are available for the hydration reaction to continue. Masonry work

masonry are works that are executed by laying building material units such as stone, brick and HCB of specified dimension by providing a binding material such as mortar. I got the opportunity to see masonry work at the time of applying of lean concrete and in the RO Plant Shed.

Grout

Grout is the special material, which is used to give extra strength and the hardness to the applying area. It is the requirement of the client which is specified.

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Applying of grout

It is mix in a grout mixing machine. It releases or emits large quantity of heat. Very cold water is used in the mixing of grout. It mixes with the small quantity of water. It sets in a very short time so it applies very quickly. We transfer the grout in the medium size bucket.

2.3 My performance during accomplishing work tasks  Absolutely good the reason behind this performance was I integrate with all workers within a short time and get involved in different site works to gain more knowledge about the working environment in the site and improve myself with more site works and office work. Since the site work is very repetitive I have been working in different section to get involved and pass through different peace of works. Especially the work tasks I have been performing in the office work were very impressive because I didn‘t have any knowledge about the quantity works, cost and report writing etc. In general I perform all my duties nicely and get knowledge of the practical world and relate it with the theory I have learnt in the class in the last three years. Also I transform myself to another level of skill, ethics, knowledge and leadership using this internship class and I perform it well.

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2.4 Challenges I have faced  Construction projects are complex and time-consuming undertakings that require the interaction and cooperation of many different persons to accomplish. The construction industry is typically divided into specialty areas, with each area requiring different skills, resources, and knowledge to participate effectively in it. In order to integrate and work closely in each section it is a challenging task to one person especially when he is fresh or beginner. In fact, some challenges may be solved by me but some are above my limit and even the workers at the site also. In general I have faced the following challenges in the internship period. Communication problem with workers in the office and at the site. Weather condition of the site. Shortage of knowledge in some portion of the work at the

site. Unsatisfactory answers for questions from

engineers.

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                                         3rd Chapter

3 Overall Benefits of the internship  Internship is a class healed at site to provide an enhanced understanding of the outside working environment before the student graduate. Student like civil and urban engineering and other fields also take this practice. The main aim of this practice (internship) is that to teach students communication with different workers or employees, to improve practical skill what they learned at class, up grading the theoretical knowledge in addition to the class, improve their leadership skill, team playing skill and etc.

3.1 Upgrading interpersonal communication skill  Communication is sharing or exchanging information or ideas with others in order to get some messages and knowledge. The communications systems within the building design and construction enterprise has taken on a large role in the achievement of profitability and efficiency. A basic understanding of communication systems is beneficial to all building professionals and trades, as they all play a part in the success of the construction. Construction is one of the places that ask a good communication skill either managing every trade of work or asking what is gowning on over there. So, communication is an important way of learning, which can be defined formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skills and sharing what we know. Cool communication is important in the real constructions world and it can appear in different forms as speaking, writing, and listening. In the site the most things I gain is due to communication with other workers like engineers, skilled and non-skilled workers, Forman etc. in some place/case it is very difficult to talk workers and ask them what we want because of that they underestimate us and sometimes they are not eager to tell. But I improve and know how to communicate with different classes of workers in the site.

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3.2 Improving team playing skill  Team playing skill for construction work Team works, especially for engineers, involve in every piece of task and achieving good team playing skill is essential for Effective completion of tasks and Increasing productivity. This skill already exists in my personality in the campus due to different assignment and project works that I work together with student. But this skill is more than this in the construction site. In the construction site the work is already a team work and it needs more closeness of workers to solve problems arise in different aspects, misunderstanding in the drawing or working methodology and consult every work. We the student at the site also works together as a team to get more understanding and share ideas. More or less I improve my team work status by working together with different professionals, student and workers as a whole in the civil engineering works and consulting.

3.3 Improving practical skill  The aim of the internship is to address more practical knowledge for student. So, I found a practical knowledge at the site as much possible. The knowledge we have learn in the class is helpful to get those practical or real work in the site and totally different from the actual knowledge gained from the class. Thus I found some knowledge in the site which helps me to work with the site environment or site peoples. Some of the practical knowledge I gain from the internship class was: In any construction work the first stage before casting of concrete is designing and constructing of form work. As I explained in the work procedure the formwork and false work must be stiff and must resist the fresh concrete till the concrete gain its strength. We conduct the surveying class in the field for its lab session of the course in the normal class. But we don‘t know about how it is going to be in building construction in particular and in which particular stage of the construction work it used either the super structure or sub structure.

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3.4 Work ethics and related issues  The concept of work ethics may be summarized as the overall quality in one‘s behavior towards appreciating the process of work flow and performing rather well on the job so that this work flow will not be jeopardized in the long run. During my internship program, I could say that I have managed to do my side of the job description with a high spirit and enthusiasm so that there was a smooth flow of activities both in the office and on construction site. Work ethics involve such characteristics as honesty, responsibility, reliability, accountability and etc.

3.5 Upgrading the theoretical knowledge  The internship class is not only depending on the practical aspect but it also help students to upgrade or increase knowledge on already that they have. I try to integrate the practical knowledge with that of the theory learned in the class in different place in order to get more knowledge than the theory we learned on the class. I got the internship class very interesting in terms of upgrading a theoretical knowledge and I learned from the site some theories that we haven‘t learn in the class room by searching different related literature. Some of this is:

Quantity surveying Construction equipment Report writing

I learned those things in exclusive cause it is hard to read and understand everything from books and asking some peoples at site to those things ashamed me. Generally I change myself alit bit after the internship period in my knowledge than before I took it.

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4th Chapter

4.  Conclusion and recommendation 

4.1 Conclusions 

The internship is a bridge between the theoretical knowledge and the practical or the reality work at the field of construction or civil engineering work. I go to companies that already working either as a consultant or a contractor. The responsibilities of the hosting company are to teach student and shape them as a real site workers. My hosting company is a contractor team and they help me in acquiring different knowledge in different positions.

This program played an important role to break the conventional thought that field works can be only implemented by students who hold a degree or people who have an experience in building construction. We were able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with problems that arise in a building construction.

Overall the internship program laid sound foundation for us to start our career. We are proud to be able to contribute towards nation building during the country's extremely critical period of the history. It will be definitely sensible to scale this practice up and to replicate in other disciplines as well.

4.2 Recommendation  Most works in the site needs careful attention and successive supervision of works but the in some case the site works goes improperly due to different causes. This kind of carelessness is not good for ether the consultant or the contractor. Therefore I suggest supervisors and site engineers to take a care full look after the work executed on the site and the work that will be executed. In the site there are works which is performed in the way that not to be performed. Such works lids to safety problem, loose of human power if its degree is high and economy if it is ordered to demolish it. Thus I recommend for the company the following:

1st of all level all the constructed area according to the drawing level. Testing of material before it delivered to the site and after it delivered and also

when it is in use for construction. It is better to use steel form work than wood (plywood) formwork as it is very

repetitively used, stiff, and not flammable easily and removed easily without damaging the concrete structure.

A cover material could be used for curing for any casted concrete structure until it attains its strength.