cnsx pectin

8/9/2019 CNSX Pectin

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GVHD: Ton N Minh Nguyet Cong nghe san xuat pec

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CONG NGHE SAN XUAT PEI. Gii thieu chung ve pectin:

I.1. Nguon goc:[5], [16] Pectin la mot polymer cua cac acid polygalacturonic va cac

chung. Pectin co nhieu qua, cu hoac than cay. Trong thc vadang: dang protopectin khong tan, ton tai chu yeu thanh te bvi polysaccharide araban, dang hoa tan cua pectin ton tai chu ye

Pectin nh mot loai keo gan chat cac te bao thc vat vi goi chung la chat ciment trong cau truc te bao thc vat.

Khi qua con xanh, ciment la protopectin, protopectin chiemprotopectin khong hoa tan trong nc giup qua co o cng.

Khi qua chn dan, di tac dung enzyme protopectinase, protosang pectin hoa tan (pectin) va araban, lam giam s lien ket gianen mem hn. Qua trnh nay cung xay ra di tac dung cua actrnh chan 60 85oC.

Trong thc vat cac pectin thng lien ket vi cellulose vaphc hp cha biet ro (hnh 1).

Pectin ton tai vi nhng ham lng khac nhau trong qua, cuso loai thc vat: trong tao 10 15%; qua citrus 20 50%; cu caihoa hng dng 15 25%. Trong cung mot loai qua nhng cacham lng pectin cung khac nhau. Chang han nh oi vi qua pectin cua cac phan khac nhau cua qua khac nhau cung khacnhay bao quanh vo hat bi va trong cui qua bi chn. Ban chchat x hoa tan trong nc, lam tang o nht.


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Hnh 1: Pectin trong cau tao cua thanh te bao thc vat

Bang I.1: Phan tram pectin trong cac phan phe lieu cua bi

Cac phe lieuKhoi lng(%)Ham lngpectin (%)

Hieu suat thu hoi(%pectin/%chat kho)

Vo xanh 8 11 - -Cui trang 15 30 3,1 15,6

Vo mui 8 12 5,8 25,2Vo hat 3 5 5,3 12,4Ba tep 10 - 16 5,2 -

I. 2. Cau tao phan t pectin:[4], [5], [14] Cac chat pectin la cac polysaccharide, mch thng, cau tao t s lien k

cac mach cua phan t acid D-galacturonic C6H10O7, lien ket vi nhau bang lie4- glucoside. Trong o mot so goc acid co cha nhom the meth3). Chieudai cua chuoi acid polygalacturonic co the bien oi t vai n vacid galacturonic.


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Cau tao 1 n v cua chuoi pectin :

Hnh 2:Cau tao mot n v chuoi pectin

Phan t lngcua cac loai pectin tach t cac nguon qua khtrong gii han rong tuy theo so phan t acid galacturonic va thpham vi t 10.000 100.000. Trong cac hp chat dang glucid so veth pectin cao hn tinh bot nhng thap hn cellulose. V du t nguc pectin co phan t lng t 25.000 35.000, trong khi o pecphan t lng at ti 50.000.

Ten goi pectin dung e ch cac chuoi polygalacturonic meth

goi acid pectinic e ch chat c methyl hoa thap hn 100%. Coe ch acid polygalacturonic hoan toan khong cha nhom methoxy Trong thc tien th ten pectin dung e ch ca acid pectinic va

I. 3. Tnh chat cua pectin:[2], [5]

Pectin thuoc nhom cac chat lam ong tu. Pectin c xem lagia thc pham an toan va c chap nhan nhieu nhat, va ieubi ham lmg ADI cho phep la khong xac nh c ban hJECFA (Joint Food Experts Committee), SCF (Scientific Committee Lien minh chau Au, va GRAS (Generally Regarded).

Ma hieu quoc te cua pectin la E440. Pectin tinh che co dang chat bot trang mau xam nhat. La mot chat keo hut nc va rat de tan trong nc, khong


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ac tnh quan trong cua pectin la khi co mat cua acid va tao ong (tao gel). V vay, no c ng dung pho bien trong kykeo.

Dung dch pectin co o nht cao. Neu muon thu dch qua e

bat li, ngi ta phai dung enzyme pectinase e thuy phan pectdu nc ca chua 90 92% H2O nhng v % pectin cao nen san pham coset. Nc da t pectin de ep, de loc.

Con oi vi pectin tan th di tac dung cua pectinase sepectinic (thng di dang muoi Ca va Mg) va cac chat n methylic, acid acetic, arabinose, galactose.

C che qua trnh thuy phan pectin rat phc tap, no chia latrnh chuyen hoa pectin co the xay ra trong ieu kien yem kh,xay ra rat manh trong ieu kien t nhien.

Ta co the xem qua trnh xay ra tng bc o nh sau: Giai oan th nhat thuy phan chat pectin thanh ng:( )46 68 40 2 6 12 6 5 10 5 5 10 54

3 3

10 4

2 2

C H O H O CHO CHOH COOH C H O C H O C H O

CH COOH CH OH

+ = + + +

+ +

Giai oan th hai la bien ng thanh cac san pham leKhi len men galactose se tao thanh acid buthyric, kh cacboni

mot t nang lng:6 12 6 3 2 2 2 22 2C H O CH CH CH COOH CO H mKCal= + + +

Khi len men arabinose se tao thanh acid buthyric, kh cacbonimot t nang lng:

5 10 5 3 2 2 2 2C H O CH CH CH COOH CO H O mKCal= + + +

Pectin hoa tan khi b tac dung cua chat kiem loang hoac egiai phong nhom methoxyl di dang ru methylic, polysaccharidla acid pectic t do, ngha la cha acid polygalacturonic. Acid pectidang muoi canxi pectat, chat nay chuyen thanh dang ket tua ddung e nh lng cac chat pectin.

Nhng di dang acid pectic t do, no mat kha nang tao getrong trng hp cua pectin hoa tan ban au. V vay e duy tr khpectin hoa tan can chu y tranh moi trng kiem hoac tac dunpectinase.

Pectin c ac trng bi cac ch so sau: Ch so methoxyl (MI): bieu hien t le methyl hoa, la

lng nhom methoxyl (-OCH3) tren tong khoi lng phan t.


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S methyl hoa hoan toan tng ng vi ch so methoxyl bpectin tach ra t thc vat thng co ch so methoxyl t 10% e

Ch so ester hoa (DE): the hien mc o ester hoa cutram ve so lng cua cac goc acid galactoronic c ester hoa tr

acid galacturonic co trong phan t.I. 4. Phan loai pectin:[5], [13]I. 4. 1. Theo % nhom methoxyl co trong phan t:

HMP (High Methoxyl Pectin):Nhom co ch so methoxyl cao (HMP)trong phan t pectin co tren 50% cac nhom acid b ester hoa (DE

Hnh 3:Cong thc HM pectin

LMP (Low Methoxyl Pectin):Nhom co ch so methoxyl thap: MI < ngt3 5%, trong phan t pectin co di 50% cac nhom acid b este 50%).

Hnh 4:Cong thc LM pectin

Trong o mot vai pectin phan ng vi amoniac e tao ra pectindung trong mot so lnh vc khac.

Hnh 5:Cong thc pectin c amid hoa


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I. 4. 2. Theo kha nang hoa tan trong nc:

Pectin hoa tan (methoxyl polygalacturonic):Pectin hoa tan lpolysaccharide cau tao bi cac goc acid galacturonic trong o mot

nhom the methoxyl. Pectin khong hoa tan (protopectin):la dang ket hp cua pectin v(polysaccharide thanh te bao).

II.C che tao gel cua pectin va cac yeu to anh hng:II.1. C che tao gel cua pectin:[1], [5], [18] Tuy loai pectin co mc o methoxyl hoa khac nhau ma co

nhau: HMP : Tao gel bang lien ket hydro

Hnh 6:C che tao gel bang lien ket hydro

ieu kien tao gel: [ng] > 50%, pH = 3 - 3,5; [Pectin] = 0,5 - 1% ng co kha nang hut am, v vay no lam giam mc o

pectin trong dung dch.


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Ion H+ c them vao hoac oi khi chnh nh o acid cua quabt cac goc COO-, lam giam o tch ien cua cac phan t. V vaytien lai gan nhau e tao thanh lien ket noi phan t va tao gel.

Trong trong trng hp nay lien ket gia cac phan t pect

nh cac cau hydro gia cac nhom hydroxyl. Lien ket hydro phan t pectin co the hydroxyl hydroxyl, carboxyl carboxyl, hcarboxyl. Kieu lien ket nay khong ben do o cac gel tao thanh ong cua cac phan t trong khoi gel, loai gel nay khac biet v

Cau truc cua gel:phu thuoc vao ham lng ng, ham lng pectin, loai pectin va nhiet o.

30 50% ng them vao pectin la saccharose. Do o can dkhi un nau se gay ra qua trnh nghch ao ng saccharose, ngcua ng saccharose. Tuy nhien cung khong nen dung qua nhie

se gay ra nghch ao mot lng ln saccharose gay ket tinh gluctao nen cac von cuc. Khi dung lng pectin vt qua lng thch hp se gay ra g

khi dung mot nguyen lieu co cha nhieu pectin can tien hanbang cach un lau hn.

Khi s dung mot lng co nh bat c mot loai pectin nagiam va ham lng ng cang cao th gel tao thanh cang nhanh

ng dng: mt qua nghien, nc qua ongLMP : Tao gel bang lien ket vi ion Ca2+

Hnh 7:C che tao gel bang lien ket vi ion Ca 2+


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ieu kien tao gel: khi co mat Ca2+, ngay ca nong o < 0,1% mien lphan t pectin phai at mc o nhat nh. Khi o gel c takhong them ng va acid.

Khi ch so methoxyl cua pectin thap, cung co ngha la ty le- cao

th cac lien ket gia nhng phan t pectin se la lien ket ion qubiet la Ca2+. Cau truc cua gel:phu thuoc vao nong o Ca2+va ch so methoxyl. Gel pe

ch so methoxyl thap thng co tnh chat an hoi giong nh gel ng dng: cho phep che tao c tht ong co o cng ben

nhiet i (khac vi ong gelatin).

II. 2. Cac yeu to anh hng en kha nang tao gel:[4], [5] Gom 4 yeu to: chat lng pectin, ng, nc va acid.

II. 2. 1. Pectin: Mach phan t cua pectin la c cau chnh cua hien tng tapectin co trong dch ng phai at mot ham lng toi thieu nakeo tu. Nong o pectin trong dung dch cang ln th s lien hp gra cang nhanh, he keo ong tu cang ben. Thng lng pectin s1%. Khi dung lng pectin vt qua lng thch hp se thu c goi vi cac loai qua cha d pectin ngi ta can tien hanh phcach un lau hn.

Tuy nhien, chat lng cua he keo pectin lai phu thuoc racua pectin ch khong n thuan ham lng pectin c s dtrong hang au la chieu dai mach phan t pectin va mc o t cua chung.

Chieu dai cua phan t quyet nh o cng cua gel: Neu phan t pectin qua ngan th no se khong tao c ge

lieu lng cao. Neu phan t pectin qua dai th gel tao thanh rat cng.

Mc o methoxyl hoa quy nh c che tao gel:Kha nang keo hoa cua pectin phu thuoc tng oi vao mc

nhom methoxyl. Tuy thuoc vao ch so methoxyl cao (>7%) hoac tt pectin ma cac kieu ket hp gia chung se khac nhau trong v


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Bang II.1: Tac dung cua DE cua pectin len s tao gel

ieu kien tao gelDE (%) pH ng (%) Ion hoa tr II Toc o tao g

> 70 2,8 3,4 65 Khong Nhanh50 70 2,8 3,4 65 Khong Cham< 50 2,5 6,5 0 Co Nhanh

II. 2. 2. Nc:Nc la dung moi e pectin co the trng n va khuech ta

ong the. Nc ong vai tro quan trong giup pectin nh hngphan t cua chung. Thong thng khi o am cua dung dch tatrnh keo hoa dien ra cang nhanh.

II. 2. 3. ng: Trong dung dch nc, pectin trang thai hoa tan do co s

ket hydro gia cac nhom OH- cua mach phan t pectin va H+ cua phan t nc. Khi ng xuat hien, ng ong vai tro cua chat hydrate

nc ang lien ket vi pectin. Khi o pectin tr nen khong hoa cua ion H+ t lng acid s dung e tao ong, H+ lam trung hoa ien tch cuaCOO- tren mach phan t pectin, tao goc -COOH. V the si pectnhau ma tien lai gan nhau va tao mang.

Lng ng trong hon hp pectin ng acid thng phami co kha nang tao gel. Thong thng ngi ta tao hon hphanh keo ong. Neu ham lng ng dung cao hn, s ket tinhtren be mat hat keo, hoac ngay trong he keo. e co the khac phphan ng saccharose bang ng glucose nham tranh hien tVi pectin chat lng cang tot th th lng pectin dung e gel ng cang t.

II. 2. 4. Acid: Pectin ch co the tao gel trong moi trng acid co pH < 4. Trong moi trng co H+, cac phan t pectin tch ien am se b tru

thanh dang trung hoa ien de tao ong tu. Hn na, ion H+ se thay the cac ionloai (neu co) trong nhom cacboxyl cua phan t pectin va chuy(khong tao ong) thanh dang pectin (co tao ong).


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Acid s dung e tao ong can co mc o phan ly cao hnay co the ngan can s phan ly cua acid pectic, va gi cho chien tch.

Nong o ion H+ cang ln th kha nang tao gel cua dung dch pec

Can duy tr o pH thap e khi un nau se gay ra qua trnh saccharose (30 50% ng them vao pectin) e ngan can s kCung khong nen dung qua nhieu acid, v pH qua thap se gaylng ln saccharose t o gay ket tinh glucose va hoa gel nhacuc. Thng dung o pH t 3 en 3,5.

Mc o tao gel ch tang en mot gii han nao o cua nolai bi v ngng nong o o toan bo goc COO- cua phan t pectin a hoa ien tch. Nen du co tang them ion H+ cung khong the tang them mcNong o acid e tao gel dung dch pectin phu thuoc mc o me

ham lng pectin trong dung dch. Khi ham lng pectin s dung t0,1% th pH cua dung dch co the tang len 1 n v. Neu phai s dung pectin co kha nang ong tu yeu th ne

len. Nhng viec tang nong o nay lai de lam tang lng tang tnh hao nc cua san pham.

III. Nguyen lieu san xuat pectin:[7], [18]

Hnh 8 : Mot so nguyen lieu san xuat pectin


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IV. 1. 1. Quy trnh san xuat dch pectin t phe lieu qua citrus:

Che pham pectinco ac

Ba loc

Dd HCl loang

Thanh trung

Rot bao b

Trung hoa

Trch ly pectin

Xay nho

X ly ang

Tach hat

Cui, ba

Dd Na2CO3

Ep

Co ac chan khong

Loc

Hat

Ba ep

Bao b


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IV.1. 2. Quy trnh san xuat pectin dang bot kho t pectin co ac:

Pectin co ac

ong tu

Loc lay ba

Ra ba

Say chan khong

Nghien nho

Con 950

Dch loc

Bot pectin

Con 900


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IV. 1. 3. Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe san xuat dch pectin t pcitrus:

Ngi ta thng che pectin dang dung dch, cung co mot dang bot.

Cui va ba citrus c ra sach, tach hat, cat nho roi ro

C)e loai bo cac glucoside con sot lai. Sau o a nhiet o len toC e lam mhoat tnh cua enzyme phan giai pectin.

Sau o la giai oan chiet rut pectin bang cach un nong tr(chlohydride, sulfuric, sulfur) thng ngi ta dung lng nc gakho, pH =1,3 1,4; nhiet o 90 100oC va thi gian un la khoang 1 gi.

Qua trnh thuy phan ket thuc khi o kho dung dch at 2%ng 1,0 1,3%). Mot t tap chat nh tinh bot va protein lan vbo nh cac enzyme phan giai protein. Viec x ly nay c th

(ieu chnh bang dung dch natri cacbonate) va nhiet o 40 50o

C. Khi a loai bo het tinh bot (kiem tra bang iod), ieu chnhbang cach them acid citric roi a nhiet o len 80oC e lam mat hoat tnenzyme. Dung dch co the c lam mat mau nh anhydride subang may ep thuy lc sau o dung dch pectin c lam sach vdch pectin trong suot.

Sau khi loc lay dung dch roi co ac en o kho 10% thu vi ham lng 4 5% em bao quan e nau mt. Co ac trong55 60C va o chan khong t 600mmHg tr len.

Sau khi co ac th nang nhiet len 75 79C, rot vao bao b va thanhPectin co ac co the bao quan bang SO2khong qua thanh trung.

Trung bnh 100kg cui qua cho 50 70l dung dch pectin o kho e thu pectin dang bot ngi ta ong tu pectin long bangC roi

loc e tach pectin khoi hon hp ru nc. Ket tua pectin 90C, em say may say chan khong truc rong 60 70C en khi o am co4%, nghien nho va ong bao.

IV. 2. Quy trnh san xuat pectin t ba tao:


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Ba tao ti

Ep

Nghien

Say

Nghien nho

Trch ly

ng hoa

Loc

Co ac chan khong

Ket tua pectin

Loc ep

Say

Nghien

Bao goi

San pham

Dch thai

Ru ethylic 35%0,3% HClkhuay trong 8 - 10 phut

Ba loc

Ba ep

Bao b

Khuay tron euT0C: 88 - 920Cthi gian: 30 - 60 phut

IV. 2. 1. Quy trnh san xuat bt pectin t ba tao:


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IV. 2. 2. Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe san xuat bt pectin t ba tao ti:

Ba tao ti em nghien nho en kch thc vun khong quaam 8 10% (nhiet o say 80 100oC) ba kho sau o em nghien nho e

vun 2 3 mm va e lam ti cuc. Tiep theo ba c cho vao noic acid hoa bang H2SO3 en pH = 2,5 3,5 vi ty le ba tao:nc = trch ly la 85 92oC trong thi gian 1 gi. Loc ep lay dch trch ly.

Dch trch ly co cha pectin, ng va cac polysaccharide, vphai em thuy phan bang men trong mot thiet b khac co pH = 4Na2CO3) thi gian 30 60 phut nhiet o 45 60oC (e ng hoa tinh bot, cho 0,5% canh trng nam moc Aspergillus Oryzae nuoi cay tren cam m). Nh polysaccharide se chuyen thanh ng va sau khi che bien co thng tach ra khoi pectin.

Dch trch ly a ng hoa c em loc va co ac trong th nhiet o 55 60oC en o kho 15% theo khuc xa ke, trong o chpectin.

Dch co ac em x ly bang ru ethylic 95% theo ty le thely = 1,2:1, cho them vao 0,3% acid HCl theo the tch cua toan hon hgian 8 10 phut. Loc, tach tua pectin ra khoi dung dch bang masau o ra lai bang C2H5OH 95% vi lng 60 70% so vi pectin. Tua say chan khong 60 70oC. Pectin kho em nghien nho bang may nghieong thung, co mang polymer khong tham nc.

Ngi ta thu hoi ru trong dch trch ly a ket tua pectin bchng cat thng, trong dung dch sau khi chng cat ru con chnthe cho len men e lay ru.


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IV. 2. 3. Quy trnh cong nghe san xuat dch pectin t ba tao:

T le nc/ba kho: 16/1-16/2t0 : 88 - 920CpH: 3,0 - 3,4thi gian: 1 gi

San pham

Thanh trung

Rot vao bao b

un nong 75 - 770C

Co ac chan khong

Loc

Tay mau

Thuy phan dch chiet

Ray

Trch ly

Nghien nho

Say

Nghien

Ep

Ba tao ti

Ngam

Ba

Than hoat tnh

Che pham men cua Aspergillus oryzae

Ba ep

Ep ba

Ba loc

Bao b


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IV. 2. 4. Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe san xuat dch pectin t ba ta

au tien ngam ba tao nghien vao nc lanh (10 15oC) e chiet ng,

cac chat thm, chat mau va cac chat khac. Cho ba vao thuntron eu va e lang 15 phut. Xa nc ra va cho nc mi vaham lng chat kho trong nc ra giam ti 0,2%.

Sau khi c tach hau het cac chat tren th em trch ly pecthien trong nc (t le H2O:ba kho = 16/116/2) nhiet o 88 92oC trong mot givi pH = 3,0 3,4 (acid hoa bang acid sulfuric, citric, hay cac acid kh

Ket thuc qua trnh trch ly, ta loc ep thu dch trch. Dch nay, mot t tinh bot va protit can phai trch ly e co thanh phan tinh cho thuy phan men dch chiet bang che pham men cua Aspergillus Oryzae t le 5% s

vi dch chiet a trung hoa s bo en pH = 4,5 va un nong eo

C. Dch chieco che pham men tiep tuc gi trong 30 phut, sau o em tay ma(cho them than vao dch vi t le 0,5 1% va loc qua may loc e

Cuoi cung dch chiet ch con pectin vi nong o thap 0,3em co ac chan khong (nhiet o soi khong qua 60oC) e lam giam the tch tlan, cha 8 10% chat kho. un nong thanh pham en 75 77oC, rot chai thuy hay hop sat, ghep kn va thanh trung 80oC trong 40 60 phut.

Pectin kho dang bot cung nh dch ac pectin c dung trong t nc qua va cac mt deo khac t cac loai qua kem

Thc te e san xuat co the s dung tat ca cac loai nnghiep. o acid cua nc qua khong qua 1%.Dch pectin nong o thng chng 5%, dung dch nay can

nau, ngi ta tron nc qua vi ng va co ac thanh sirthem dung dch pectin trong nc 5% va tiep tuc nau cho ti hamem loc dch, rot vao coc, lam lanh va c san pham.


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IV. 3. Quy trnh san xuat dung dch pectin t u u xanh:IV. 3. 1 Quy trnh san xuat dung dch pectin t u u xanh:

u u xanh

Ra

Loai bo vo, hat

Xat lat

Xay nhuyen

Tay trang

Ep loai dch

Trch ly

Loc

Ket tua

Loc lay tua

Ra tua

Say

Xay mn

Bao goi

Tap chat

Vo, hat

Nc

HClO

Con

Con

Tui nylon

Dch thai

Ba

Bot pectin

T le nguyen lieu/dungmoi: 1/5-1/10 t0: 45 - 950C thi gian: 20 - 60 phut

Dch thai


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IV. 3. 2.Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe san xuat dch pectin t qua

o Ra: Muc ch:

Loai bo bui bam, at cat, rac ri dnh hoac theo nguyen l Loai bo phan ln vi sinh vat bam tren nguyen lieu Tay sach mot so chat hoa hoc gay oc hai nh: thuoc tr

ra quao Loai bo vo, hat:

Muc ch: Lam giam khoi lng che bien khong can thiet Tranh anh hng xau cua nhng phan khong s dung na

phamo Xat lat thanh lat mong: Muc ch: Lam tang dien tch tiep xuc cua nguyen lieu va nc t

cua mot so chat mau, ng Giup cho cong oan nghien nho u u c de dang

o Xay nhuyen: Muc ch:

Tang dien tch tiep xuc gia nguyen lieu va dung moi Pha v cau truc te bao, tao s tiep xuc triet e gia d

giup qua trnh trch ly thc hien nhanh chong.o Tay trang:

Dung HClO cho t t vao nguyen lieu sau khi xay nhuyen lng HClO s dung khoang 1000ppm. Muc ch:tay trang nguyen lieu, am bao che pham pectin thu

o p loai dch: Muc ch:

Loai bo cac chat ng, cac acid amin, cac acid e tranhen chat lng san pham.

Ngoai ra, con nham lam giam o am cua nguyen lieu eo Trch ly:

Dung acid HCl, trong khi trch ly can khuay tron eu dung dkhuech tan e tang toc o trch ly. Muc ch:

Chuyen protopectin khong tan thanh dang pectin hoa tan.


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o Loc: Muc ch:

Loai bo phan ba khong tan trong dung dch acid trong qua trno Ra tua:

Trong ket tua pectin thu c van con dung dch acid HCl docon ra tua nhieu lan cho en khi het lng HCl nay (th ba+ cho en khkhong con ket tua trang).

o Say:Tua pectin thu c em say nhiet o 500C, co oi lu khong kh v

gian say khoang 4 5h. Che pham pectin thu c co o am khoao Xay mn va bao goi:

Sau khi say pectin c em i xay thanh dang bot mn va ce bao quan.


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IV. 4. Quy trnh san xuat dung dch pectin t vo xoai:

Vo, hat

Tap cha t

Nghien

Ra

Vo xoai

Trch ly lan 1

Loc

BaLoc

Trch ly lan 2

Tron

San pham

Con 960

Say

Loc tua

Tao tua

Ra tua

Dch thai

Ep ba


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V. So sanh cac qui trnh cong nghe trong san xuat pectin va cac sachung:[17] V.1. So sanh ac tnh san pham pectin t ba tao va t phe lieu qu

Bang V.1:So sanh ac tnh san pham pectin t ba tao va t phe lieu qua citPetin t ba tao Pectin t phe lieu qucitrus

Cau truc hoa hoc

Khoi lng phan t ln hn(90000 130000g/mol)

Chuoi cau truc dai hn Terpene dang t do Cha flavonoids Cha hemixellulose, tinh

bot va xylans S ester hoa hoan toan

Khoi lng phan t ln (60000 90000g/mol) Chuoi cau truc ngan hn Terpene dang lien ket Cha t flavonoids Cha t hemixellulose, tinh b

va xylans S ester hoa mot phan

ac iem Mau nau hi vang Sang hn, mau hi traKha nang phan ngt phan ng vi Canxi Phan ng nhieu vi

Cau truc

Mem hn vadeo hn khi taogel t co xu hng tien lai gannhau khi tao gel.

Co khong h va gel co dahn Co xu hng tien lai nhau nhieu hn khi tao gel.

Mui v Co v cua tao Co v ang khong ro

V.2. So sanh quy trnh cong nghe san xuat pectin t ba tao va tcitrus:

Bang V.2: So sanh quy trnh cong nghe san xuat pectin t ba tao va t phe citrus

Dch pectin t ba tao Dch pectin t phe lieuGiong nhau eu co giai oan trch ly bang acid, nhiet o cao oC

eu co ac chan khong, sau o un nong va rot Khac nhau Can phai tay mau sau khi thuyphan dch chiet do trc odung che pham enzyme e thuyphan

Vi 1g ba tao kho, bac tao gel

Nguyen lieu can phai xang

Thi gian trch ly lau hn Thng ket hp thu

tinh dau cam, chanh Vi 1g ba tao kho th


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ng vi 25 - 35 tao gel cao hn 6 lan gel cua ba tao kho

Bot pectin t vo tao Bot pectin t phe lieuGiong nhau eu co qua trnh ket tua pectin bang con, sau o lo

chan khongKhac nhau Co giai oan ng hoa chuyentinh bot thanh ng

Khong co giai oan ngv ham lng tinh bot rat th

VI. Kha nang ng dung, lieu lng va mot so lu y khi s dung pnghe thc pham:[17], [18] VI. 1. ng dung cua pectin trong cong nghe thc pham:

Bang VI.1: Tom tat ng dung cua pectin

Tnh chat cua pectin Kha nang ng dungPhan t pectin dai va de vng vao nhauto dung dch co o nht nen pectin cokha nang tao ac

Pectin co the cai thien caunc uong co ham lng ng thap.

Neu ham lng ng u ln c bosung vao e giam o hydrat hoa cua cacphan t pectin, cac phan t se lai hnhthanh mang li gel

Mt trai cay co ng cathuoc vao pectin e tao hnh

V nhom acid kha yeu, s thay oi pH sethay oi kha nang tch ien cua chuoipectin. Pectin co the lien ket vi nhau ieu kien acid

Can co ca ng va acid troxuat mt ong

Nhom acid cua pectin co the phan ngvi ion Ca2+tao lien ket vi 2 nhom COO-e hnh thanh gel khong can ng

LMP c s dung e lam mcay co ham lng ng thnhieu san pham che bien tcay

Phan t pectin co the lien ket vi 1protein tch ien (+) nen chung khong bong lai khi gia nhiet

Giup protein sa trong yoghkhong b ong tu v nhiet the tiet trung UHT

Bang VI.2: Cac loai thc pham co s dung phu gia pectin (Theo Qui nh danh muc cac chat phu gia c phep s dung trong thc pham)


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Nhom thc pham ML (mg/kgsan pham)

1) Sa va sa b2) Sa len men nguyen kem, khong x l nhiet sau len

men3) Sa len men nguyen kem, co x l nhiet sau len men4) Dau & m khong cha nc5) Tht, tht gia cam va tht thu ti6) Thuy san, san pham thuy san xay nho ong lanh, ke cnhuyen the, giap xac, da gai7) Thuy san, san pham thuy san hun khoi, say kho, lenmen hay p muoi, ke ca nhuyen the, giap xac, da gai8) ng trang & ng vang dang: saccarose, fructose,

xylose9) Dau tron, gia v (bao gom cac chat tng t muoi)10) Thc an cho tre em di 1 tuoi11) Thc an bo sung cho tre ang tang trng12) Nc qua co ac (dang long hay dang ran)13) Necta qua co ac (dang long hay dang ran)14) Ca phe, che, nc uong co thao dc & cac loai ouong t ngu coc, khong ke nc uong t ca cao15) Ru vang

GMPGMP

10000GMPGMPGMP

GMP

GMPGMP1000020000GMP3000GMP

GMP

Ghi chu:ML ( Maximum Level ) la mc toi a s dung phu gia trong san xuaquan, bao goi va van chuyen, n v mg/kg san pham.GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices Thc hanh san xuat tot) la viec ap nyeu cau s dung phu gia trong qua trnh san xuat, x ly, che bvan chuyen thc pham bao gom:

Han che ti mc thap nhat lng phu gia thc pham can th Lng phu gia c s dung trong qua trnh san xuat, che b

chuyen co the tr thanh thanh phan nhng khong anh hhoa hay gia tr khac cua thc pham. Lng phu gia thc pham s dung phai phu hp vi cong

a c chng nhan cua c quan co tham quyen.


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VI. 1. 1. ng dung cua pectin trong cong nghe che bien rau qua: Pectin la chat tao ong tot nhat c s dung e tao ra c

pham, chu yeu la nhng thc pham co nguon goc t rau qu. No co kha nang gt nhien trong keo ong hay cac san pham khac, khong gay mu

Kha nang tao gel cua no con c s dupham can co s on nh cua nhietrong san pham cuoi hoac mot gthi trong quy trnh san xuat.

Tac dung tao ac cua pectin dung chu yeu nhng loai thc phnh khong cho phep s dung nhnco gia thanh re hn hay nhnpham can co mot hnh dang that t

Hnh 11:Cac san pham rau qua co s dung pectin

HMP dung trong mt trai cay va mt ong : Vai tro cua pectin la nham tao ra mot cau truc cho mt onnhng san pham nay khi c van chuyen van khong thay oithm ngon cho san pham, va giam en toi a s phan ra. Qua tva mt trai cay phai am bao tao ra s phan bo ong eu clien tuc ngay t khi qua trnh khuay tron ngng lai. Ham lng

mt va mt ong thng trong khoang t 0,2 0,4%. Pectin co kha nang tao gel nhanh co gia tr ac biet trong sancua san pham phai c tao gel, tao ac trc khi ong hop. tot nhat khi chung khong b tac ong trong suot qua trnh tao tao gel cham c s dung, va cac khau vao hop, ong napphai c thc hien trc khi qua trnh tao gel dien ra. Qua trnh tao gel cua pectin co the c tao ra trong mot quy trn

Tron syrup ng pectin co ham lng chat kho hoa tan t 4,2 vi dch acid trai cay e at c pH = 3,0.

Tron dung dch pectin co pH = 2,9 va lng chat kho hoa tang e thu c hon hp mi co ham lng chat kho 23%. LMP thng c ng dung trong mt trai cay co ham lng

tan < 55%: Loai LMP c chon da tren ham lng chat kho pham. Trong nhng san pham co ham lng chat kho rat thap


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khong ng cho ngi b benh tieu ng, LMP kho tao u lmot so trng hp ngi ta co the s dung ca pectin va carrag

VI. 1. 2. ng dung cua pectin trong cong nghe san xuat banh nng

Hnh 12: Cac san pham banh nng co s dung pectin

Pectin tao a chng to kha nang ac biet cua mnh trongbanh. No co vai tro quan trong trong viec chong lai s bien tnhthanh phan lam t trai cay trong qua trnh nng banh trong chap, banh gng, banh quy, banh tron tao va hanh nhan phetnhieu b. Pectin c ng dung mot cach phong phu bi v nohoan thien c am bao. Ngoai ra no con lam cho be mat ba

VI. 1. 3. ng dung cua pectin trong nganh cong nghiep banh keo:

Hnh 13:Cac san pham keo co s dung pectin

Pectin tang tnh hap dan, tao cau truc an hoi, tang mui v tramat bong lang cho san pham. Pectin la chat tao gel tot, tan nh


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pectin c ng dung nhieu trong cong nghiep banh keo nh: mmat banh kem, banh ngot nhan hoa qua,

VI. 1. 4. ng dung cua pectin trong cong nghiep che bien sa:

Pectin bo sung hng v trai cay cho cac san pham sa chua. Chmen vi lieu lng va u, tron eu e c dunTrong yaourt trai cay, pectin tao cau truc mn, giucac mau trai cay nho trong sa va no con lammat nhan bong. Trong cac san pham nhieu lp,dung on nh va gi cho trai cay khong b tach k

Trong yaourt uong, pectin t tao va citrus bakhong b bien tnh trong qua trnh tiet trung, ngan tua va s ket bong. Pectin giup san pham on

cam quan tot nhat, khong giam chat lng ngay mot thi gian dai.Pectin phan ng vi canxi trong yaourt nham c

truc cua yaourt. Trong san xuat sa chua: casein cua sa chthng b von cuc. Neu cho pectin vao hon hp tket tua dang mn lam tang gia tr cam quan cua

Hnh 14:Cac san pham t sa co s dung pectin

VI. 1. 5. ng dung cua pectin trong cong nghiep che bien nc giai

Viec s dung pectin trong cac so uong rat phu hp v chcacbonhydrate t nhien nang lng thnh tnh uc cua san pham.

Hnh 15:Cac san pham nc giai khat co s dung pectin

VI. 1. 6. Cac ng dung khac cua pectin trong cong nghe thc pham: Dung pectin hay pectat e che tao bao b (mang) an c

bang cach em nhung san pham vao dung dch pectin methoxyl t


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va sau o nhung vao dung dch canxi clorua. oi khi ngi ta thedch pectin e lam deo hoa. Mang phu len phai em say.

Pectin con c s dung nhieu trong san xuat thc an kiemac benh tieu ng. Loai thc an nay thng co ham lng

VI. 2. Lng pectin s dung trong cac san pham thc pham: ng dung cua pectin trong cac san pham thc pham:

a, kem hon hp, san xuat phomat, thuy san ong hop (1 Sa chua thm, san pham x ly nhiet sau len men (10g/kg) Kem sa diet khuan (5g/kg) o hop rau qua co b, dau hay m (10g/kg) Sa (10g/kg) o uong nhe 500mg/kg Siro 2,5g/kg Mt, mt cam 5g/kg

Co the dung rieng pectin hay s dung ket hp vi chat nhulam ong ac khac.

VI. 3. Mot so lu y khi s dung pectin trong che bien thc pham:

Tieu chuan ve o tinh sach cua pectin s dung trong che bien:Bang VI.3:Tieu chuan ve o tinh sach cua pectin s dung trong che bie

Tieu chuan FAO FCC EECChat de bay hi max. 12% max. 12% max. 12%Tro khong tan trongacid

max. 1% max. 1% max. 1%

Sulfur dioxide max. 50 mg/kg max. 50 mg/kg max. 50 mg/kgSodium methyl sulfate max. 0,1%Methanol, ethanol andisopropanol.

max. 1% max. 1% max. 1%

Ham lng Nitrogen max. 2.5% max. 0.5%Galacturonic acid min. 65% min.65%


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TongAnhydrogalacturonides

min. 65%

Mc o amin hoa max. 25% max. 25% max. 25%

Asen, ppm max. 3 max. 3 max. 3Ch, ppm max. 5 max. 5 max. 10ong, ppm max. 50Kem, ppm max. 25 max. 25ong va kem, ppm max. 50Kim loai nang (nh Pb), ppm

max. 20

(FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 1992.FCC: Food Chemical Codex.EEC: Eropean Economic Community.)Bot pectin at ang ky chat lng cua n v, cu the la:

o am:12% Ham lng pectin:60% Cam quan:bot mau vang sang, co mui thm cua vo hoa qua

Khi dung pectin can lu y:- Pectin can c phan tan can than e c hoa tan hoan toadung hai cach sau:

Cho pectin vao nc roi dung may tron. Tron bot pectin vi 5 lan saccharose roi phan tan hon h

- Pectin hoa tan cham trong nc lanh do o dung dch nay nenlen.- Pectin hoa tan hoan toan ch vi dung dch co phan tram cha25%. Do o pectin phai c hoa tan trc khi cho toan bo l

chat kho hoa tan khac.- Nhom co ch so methoxyl thap (LMP): hoa tan rat kem trongcay giau Canxi nh qua m hay qua cam. Lng ion vt qua C2+co the tao radung dich em.- Thi gian nau dai se lam mat i o ben gel.- e tranh s tai ac lai, san pham phai c thc hien tren


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- Gel tao t pectin amid hoa th co tnh thuan nghch v nhiet. Pho ion Ca2+ma co the tao ra hien tng sol gel thuan nghch.

VII. ng dung cua pectin trong cong nghe dc pham:[8], [9], [10], [12], [15

[20], [21]Pectin c dung che thuoc uong, thuoc tiem e cam mau trrang ham mat, tai mui hong, phu khoa. Cha chay mau nDung dch pectin 5% con c s dung nh thuoc sat trung H2O2 (nc oxy gia) trphau thuat rang ham mat, tai mui hong (khong gay xot lai canhet vao cho rang e cam mau. Tren th trng hien co bietva Arhemapctin (Phap).

Tac dung dc ly cua pectin: Pectin la mot loai chat x hoa tan trong nc. No khong c

nhng co nhieu gia tr phong, cha benh nh: Keo dai thi gian tieu hoa thc an trong ruot, co tac duchat trong thc an. Giam beo (do tao cam giac no bung keo davao, do o giup giam can ngi beo ph).

Giam hap thu lipid Giam cholesterol toan phan trong mau (ac biet la giam ch

ngi roi loan lipid mau. Phan tch thanh phan hoa hoc, cui dau va 2 flavonoid chnh la hesperidin va narigin. Pectin la chat shap cholesterol trong thc an va muoi mat nen gop phan lam

mau, gian tiep ngan nga beo ph va x cng mach mau. Hesbao ve tnh an hoi cua mach mau, nga x cng ong machuyet ap va tai bien mach mau nao.

Khong che tang ng huyet trc va sau ba an ng Chong tao bon Cam mau Sat trung Hoa qua co nhieu pectin giup c the hap thu tot cac acid

trung gian thuc ay s chuyen hoa, tang kha nang s dung cathc an. Ngoai ra, qua trnh len men cac chat pectin c ng dungnghe lam si ay, gai, det vai, lam bao tai.


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VIII. ng dung pectin t bi quy mo gia nh:[11], [19] Che pectin t bi:

Trong gia nh, sau khi an bi co the tn dung nguon pectin quanh vo hatlam thuoc phong va cha cac benh noi tren.

Cach lam: Hat bi chon bo het hat lep. Neu lng hat nhieu th ch(e che nc pectin dung trong 1 ngay), so con lai em phi hongoai). ng trong tui PE kho sach (hoac trong lo kho sach) e am v rat de moc.

Cho hat bi vao coc, rot nc soi con nong khoang 700 C cho ngap hadung da nhieu rang anh lien tuc chng 5 - 6 phut roi gan herieng. Tiep tuc lam nh vay cho en khi lay het nc nhay (snhay).

Tuy theo tng giong bi, qua bi, co loai nhieu pectin ph5-6 lan mi het nhay. Loai t pectin ch can lam 3 lan la c.Cach dung nc pectin:

Chong tao bon, roi loan lipid mau, benh tim mach: uong 5an chnh 60 phut.

Giam beo, nga tieu ng: uong 50ml trc khi an ba c Chong chay mau (rang, mau cam, rong kinh, a kinh): moi la

nhau 20 phut/lan trong gi au.Chu y :sau khi che 3 gi, neudng khong het, nen cho vao tu lanh (co

c 48 gi), luc nay pectin se ong lai giong nh thach trang.Pectin co trong nhieu loai qua, song ch co cui va vo hat bde chiet xuat nhat.

Che bi:au tien ngi ta a vo bi ti ra got ky het lp vo ng

sach lp vo ti ben trong, ch gi lai phan vo trang va dai nhieu lan trong nc muoi e lam het v the va ang. Sau onc la, xa en khi nao nhai th thay khong con mui cua vo

Sau khi rao nc, vo bi c xat thanh si, vuong canh

khoai, a vao nau vi nc ng tinh.Nguyen lieu:- Cui bi kho mua san ch hoac t lam lay bang cach btrang, cat nho phi kho e dung dan.- au xanh 100g.- ng knh 400 500g.


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- Bot ao 10g- Vani- Da nao hoac da bam 200gThc hien:

- Cui bi cho vao nc am ngam 30 phut, dung khan sach vaDa bam hoa mot chut nc am, dung vai man sach vat lachut nc vao un soi, e rieng.- au xanh ngam nc ai sach vo, o chn, e nguyen hoac gi- Cui bi ngam ng 30 60 phut cho ngam va cng. Sau ovai phut, nem va ngot.- Cho au xanh va bot ao hoa loang vao quay eu vi cui b- Che nguoi muc ra bat, cho nc cot da len tren. Muon mat

IX. Thiet b may moc chu yeu trong san xuat pectin: May xay nghien tho:1 cai Thiet b 2 vo gia nhiet bang inox:1 cai Thiet b trao oi ion, x ly nc cng:1 cai May li tam:1 cai May say:1 2 cai May xay mn:1 cai

IX. 1. Thiet b nghien tho:Mot so kieu may cu co cau tao gom cac truc rang emay nghien tho hien ai eu s dung cac con lan va ap.

Thiet b nghien tho s dung con lan va ap:May co cau tao gom cac cap con lan quay cung chieu

nghien s bo do qua trnh ma sat vi cac banh rang. May nghien bua:

Thiet b nap lieu theo phng tiep tuyen cua chieu quay cua buthay oi, va dung e nghien tho, va e nghien trung bnh, tuya treo bua co bon chot treo bua va cac bua nghien c trrong may nghien. Vat lieu trong may nghien bua c nghien bua vao vat lieu va s cha xat vat lieu gia bua va thanhkhi nghien co kch thc nho hn lo phan loai se i ra ngoai. ln hn lo li se c tiep tuc nghien.


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ra ngoai. Xe goong c a vao hoac lay ra ca phong baTrong suot qua trnh say, lp vat lieu say ng yen.

Thong so ky thuat: -Nhiet o dong khong kh: 50 - 70oC.-Ap suat trong buong say: ap suat kh quyen.-Van toc tac nhan say trong buong say: 0,5 - 1m/s.

Thiet b say hoat ong lien tuc:ham say (tunnel dryer). Cau tao:

Hnh 17: Ham say s dung bang tai e van chuyen vat lieu say Nguyen tac hoat ong:Vat lieu say theo he thong mang nhap

vao ben trong buong say. Khong kh sau khi c gia nhiet dan khong kh nong nam vuong goc vi chieu chuyen ong cuthc hien qua trnh say. Nguyen lieu sau khi i het chieu dai cuqua thiet b nghien roi rt xuong bang tai th hai va tiep tucbot at en o am yeu cau th no c thao ra ngoai qua manNhiet o say khoang 50 - 55oC.Van toc dong khong kh khoang 0,5 - 1m/s.


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IX.3. Thiet b nghien mn:

Cong oan nay c thc hien nh vao nhieu loai mayNhng mau may nghien thong dung thng la cac coi xay ba

tao bang ba cap tht a hoa cng, be mat lam viec co cac raMoi cap tht a gom mot tht di co nh va tht tren xgia hai tht quyet nh o mn san pham. Tien trnh cap liepham thu c tai vanh ngoai cua coi. Ngi ta con dung nhgang ac biet. Nang suat cua may t 500 - 1200 kg/h, tuy theo

Cac may nghien hien ai dung nhng cap truc nghien chong len nhau va quay vi nhng toc o khac nhau. Khe h lam cho khoi bot nhao lan lt phai i qua tat ca cac ong, danho.

Cac may nghien cai tien: May nghien con lan:May co cau tao gom cac con lan bang ttai be mat cua hai a quay ngc chieu, kch thc san pham khm.

May nghien bi truc ng: Tac ong nghien do ca cac lc ma sac tao ra do cac vien bi thep di chuyen t do trong mot khoangVe c ban may gom co mot hnh tru thep, ben trong co truc qe khuay tung len cac vien bi co ng knh 2 - 8 mm. Vat lieu tuc va di ay hnh tru, qua trnh nghien san pham i lan len


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Hnh 18: Nguyen ly hoat ong cua thiet b nghien truc


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IX. 4. Thiet b thuy phan:

Cau tao thiet b:

Thiet b hnh tru, nap va ay elipse c gan vao than nhMat trong thiet b co lp cao su chu acid (kiem), chu ap lc caoong dan hi trc tiep vao dch thuy phan. Tren nap thiet b cthiet b co ca thao lieu. Ben thanh thiet b con co ca ngsa cha thiet b.

Nguyen tac hoat ong: ay ta thc hien phng phap thuy psau khi dan nguyen lieu vao thiet b, ta bo sung HCl vao thiet bc suc trc tiep vao e tang ap lc thuy phan.

Hnh 19:Thiet b thuy phan


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GVHD: Ton N Minh Nguyet Cong nghe san

39

IX. 5. Thiet b 2 vo gia nhiet bang inox:

Hnh 20:Thiet b 2 vo gia nhiet Cau tao:Thiet b co dang vo ao chu ap lc, hi nc gia n

gia hai lp vo e gia nhiet cho dung dch ben trong. ay la qgian tiep.

IX.6. Mayep thuy lc:

May ep thuy lc kieu nam ngang co cau tao t 14 - 22 meu co gan mang loc bang kim loai. Dung tch lam viec moi mep vi ap suat lam viec t 400 - 800 kg/cm2. Nang suat cua may ep 200 - 7nang suat thu nhan phu thuoc vao ap lc thi gian va hanh trn

IX.7. Thiet b li tam:

Thiet b li tam thao ba bang vt tai: Cau tao:mot thiet b ly tam truyen thong thng thay gom truc lan kn nam ngang vi mot bang cao lien tuc hnh xoan ocontinuous spiral-

ribbon starch scraper ) nam ben trong. Tang quay se quay trong mot khunhai au. Tang va li cao c dan ong vi van toc quay gamot hop giam toc c noi vi ong c nh mot noi truc.


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Hnh 21:Cau tao cua thiet b li tam thao ba bang vt tai

u iem: nang suat ln, kch thc nho. Do thiet bli loc nen ben khi s dung, ton t chi ph cho bao tr, thay the. Nhc iem: ket cau thiet b phc tap, o am cua

Thiet b ly tam a: Cau tao:bo phan chu yeu cua thiet b la roto c cau ta

con xep chong len nhau, cach nhau mot khoang xac nh t 0,4cua a t 45 - 60oC.

Hnh 22: Cau tao va nguyen ly hoat ong cua thiet b li tam a


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u iem: cng o phan li ln, cau tao chac chan, Nhc iem: ket cau thiet b phc tap, gia thanh th

IX. 8. May say ban thanh pham thanh bot:

Thiet b say tang soi: Cau tao va nguyen tac hoat ong:Kh nong c thoi vao t ben

say, qua li phan phoi kh. Vat lieu am nhap vao phan trhp kh t di thoi len tao thanh tang soi. Vat lieu kho se con nhng hat b dong kh cuon theo se c lang trong cyclon.

Hnh 23:Thiet b say tang soi

IX. 9. Thiet b trao oi ion, x ly nc cng: Trong nc co cac ion Ca2+, Mg2+ se gay ra o cng cho nc v th

loai chung ra bang cach cho nc chay qua cot trao oi ion. Tai 2+, Mg2+seb gi lai va o cng cua nc se b kh.

Trao oi ion la mot phng phap ma ngi ta thng s dcng cua nc. So vi phng phap s dung hoa chat (nh vophng phap trao oi ion la n gian hn, thao tac de dang, loai s dung nhieu lan trong mot thi gian dai ma khong phai thay c

Trao oi ion theo ngha hep la s thay the cua mot ion (camot dung dch vi mot ion cung dau c co nh bi lc tnhkhong tan. Cac ion tren chat ran khong tan thng goi la ionit ha

Cac ionit co rat nhieu lo, khi gap nc cac lo nho cho phdien tch tiep xuc be mat vi nc rat ln. Khi o ionit co theban than no trao oi vi ion tap chat trong nc. Ket qua cua


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ion tap chat tren ionit con ion nguyen co trong ionit c a vaochat trong nc a b loai bo.

IX. 10. Thiet b trung hoa:

ay la thiet b hnh tru elipse bat bch va ay elipse hvi than. Tren gia bon khuay va mat trong thiet b c

cao su chu nhiet, kiem va

Hnh 25:He thong thiet b trung hoa

IX. 11. Thiet b loc: Thiet b: co the dung may loc khung ban hoac may ly tam lo Thiet b loc khung ban:

Hnh 26:Cau tao thiet b loc khung ban


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Cau tao:Ngi ta xep lien tiep cac khung va ban len khung khung va ban t len 2 thanh doc cua khung . Gia khung va bEp chat khung va ban bang c cau vt ai oc c thc hien bthiet b loc khung ban c at tren be .

Nguyen tac hoat ong:huyen phu theo ong dan i vao thiet b,so lng khung tran vao khoang trong. Di ap suat nc locthao cac ranh chay xuong va nh van thao ra ngoai. Pha ran vach ngan loc va cha trong khung 1. Khi khung a ay ba th dtien hanh ra ba loc. Viec ra ba co the thc hien xuoi chie

Thiet b li tam loc: Cau tao:

Buong loc.Ong cap dch : cung cap dch can loc vao thieOng thao dch va mang loc: thao san pham cua qua Ong thao ba : thao ba ra khoi thiet b.Truc vt xoan : tach ba ra khoi dch can loc.ong c : quay truc vt xoan.

Hnh 27:Cau tao cua thiet b li tam loc 1.Nhap huyen phu nguyen lieu

2. Thao pha long

3. Thao pha ran (bang trong lc)

4.Khoang cha ba va a

5.Buong

6. Vt tai


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Nguyen tac hoat ong:Dch loc qua bo phan cap dch vao buong loc. Truc vt xoa

tam lam cho cac hat ran chuyen ong ra khoi tam buong loc vNhng hat ran nay se c truc vt ay ve ong thao ba. Phan

mang loc theo ong thao san pham ra ngoai. Thiet b loc thu cong:

Hnh 28:Thiet b loc thu cong Thiet b dang hnh tru ay non han lien vao than. 1/3 pha

mang loc khong cho ba ri xuong phan di cua thiet b.IX. 12. Thiet b trch li:

Cau tao va nguyen tac hoat ong:Trch li chat ran nhieu bacThiet b la mot he thong nhieu noi lap noi tiep nhau. Cac chiet con dung moi lan lt i qua tat ca cac noi e lay lngtra. Qua he thong, dung dch se at nong o chat kho yeu canap vao. Qua trnh lien tuc en khi rut het chat chiet th thao vao.

IX. 13. Thiet b co ac chan khong:Thiet b co ac boc hi dang mang ri:Nguyen ly chung:Dch co ac c gia nhiet s bo roi i vao trong thiet b t

xuong tao mot lp mang mong bao lay be mat truyen nhiet.


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than cac ong hnh tru ng c at trong thiet b boc hi homong c at sat lai vi nhau. e tiet kiem nang lng, hi vao buong ngng tu e gia nhiet s bo cho dch. Dung dch sau ngoai theo ca ay thiet b.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO


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[1] Bui c Hi Nguyen Th Thanh, Ky thuat san xuat banh keo, NXB Trn

ai hoc Cong nghiep nhe, 1975.[2] Nguyen c Lng,C s vi sinh vat cong nghiep, NXB ai hoc Quoc

Thanh pho HCM, 2004, 237 tr.[3] Nguyen Van Tiep Quach nh Ngo My Van, Ky thuat san xuat o h rau qua , NXB Thanh Nien, 2000, 423tr.

[4] Le Ngoc Tu (chu bien), Hoa hoc thc pham , NXB Khoa hoc va k thuNoi, 2001.

[5] Le Ngoc Tu (chu bien), Hoa sinh cong nghiep , NXB Khoa hoc va k thuNoi, 2002, 443tr.

[6] A.F.Nametnhicop, Hoa hoc trong cong nghiep thc pham, NXB Khoa hoc vKy thuat, 1977.

[7] MT ensikov,Tan dung phe lieu cua cong nghiep thc pham, NXB Khoahoc va Ky thuat, 1977.[8] Nguyen Th Lam, http://www.health.vnn.vn/tintuc/chitiet.cfm[9] oan Th Nh, http://www.vietduchospital.edu.vn/display.news.d[10] Vu nh, http://www.vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Suc_khoe/2003/10/[11] http://www.baocantho.com.vn/vietnam/suckhoe/15179[12] http://www.cimsi.org.vn[13] http://www.ippa.info/types_of_pectin.htm[14] http://www.ippa.info/what_is_pectin.htm[15] http://www.myvita.com.vn/myvita2/mainphp?ft[16] http://www.ndsu.nodale.edu[17] http://www.obipectin.com[18] http://www.pectin.org[19]http://www.teltic.vnn.vn/entertainment/huongvivn/miennam/chebuml[20] http://www.viettel/net.vn/news.php?news[21]http://www.vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Doi_song/Kheo_tay_Hay_lam/9B61B9


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GVHD: Ton N Minh Nguyet Cong nghe san xuat

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