ecology system exhaust hood detailed

AIR PURIFICATION UNIT - APUGrease, Smoke, and Odor Abatement for Commercial Kitchen Applications

HELPING TO KEEP OUR ENVIRONMENT CLEANER

14 Robb BoulevardOrangeville, ON L9W 3L2

519-415-3425 • fax: 519-415-3426www.quiet-aire.com

Engineering Manual

An Introduction The Ecology APU offered by Quiet‐Aire® utilizes a three‐stage filter system and is available in a variety of configurations to meet engineering design requirements for the elimination of grease particulate, smoke and odor from the kitchen exhaust air stream. Integrated or stand alone modules are available for the blower, filter and odor control functions of the system. Installation can be in the ceiling space above the kitchen exhaust hood, or in a remote location such as a mechanical room, or on the roof. The Ecology APU provides the food service operator an economical solution to problems, which in the past may have prevented the installation of a commercial kitchen. Our units are available in models to cover any CFM range between 1,100 and 40,000. All Quiet‐Aire® APU models are UL and ULC Listed and meet all requirements of NFPA 96, the local authority having jurisdiction and national building codes. Ruggedly constructed, yet uncomplicated in design, the Quiet‐Aire® Ecology APU is an essential piece of equipment that will complete your cooking operation.

Page

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Product Description Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Attributes & Filter Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Wiring Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Engineering Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Through our on-going program of product development, Quiet-Aire Manufacturing Inc. reserves

the right to alter the goods and the specification of the goods represented within this Manual

Publication Date January 2009

3

The Ecology APU is available in a variety of configurations to meet engineering design requirements for the elimination of grease particulate, smoke and odor from the kitchen exhaust

air stream. Integrated or stand alone modules are available for the blower, filter and odor control functions of the system. Installation can be in the ceiling space above the kitchen exhaust hood, or in a remote location such as a mechanical room, or on the roof. The Ecology APU provides the food service operator an economical solution to problems, which in the past would have prevented the installation of a commercial kitchen. Ecology APU solves the problems associated with the following:

NEW HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS Ecology APU provides the economical solution to the cost of running expensive 16 gauge, all welded fire rated ductwork to the roof as required by Fire and Building Codes. The cleaned kitchen exhaust air from the Ecology APU unit can be exhausted out of the side of the building at usually 10’ (3 meters) above ground level or into an adjacent covered parking area.

NON TRADITIONAL SITES Ecology APU provides the solution for historical and architecturally protected buildings, where the installation of a restaurant kitchen was not possible at the time of design.

MALL OPERATIONS WITH FOOD COURTS Ecology APU provides pollution control for new and existing Mall Food Court operations and the flexibility for future expansion of the system. Multiple hoods and APU filter sections can be joined to common odor control and blower sections of the system.

KITCHEN EXHAUST ODOR ABATEMENT Ecology APU will effectively control the objectionable odors produced from commercial cooking operations when equipped with the optional Odor Control Section. This option addresses the problems of commercial kitchens located near residential areas or areas that are under pollution control requirements from the local Air Quality Management District or other local authorities.

REDUCED DUCTWORK COST IN CANADA In Canada (ULC Listing) and some cities in the United States, authorities allow exhaust ductwork downstream of the Filter Section to be installed using standard HVAC duct.

OVERVIEW Air Purification Unit

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Air Purification Unit

4

OVERVIEW Air Purification Unit

1

DESCRIPTION & O PER AT IO N Air Purification Unit

4567 3 2 1

ODORSPRAYCABINET

CHANNEL BASE

AIRFLOW

9

SOUNDPROOFING INSULATION

4867 3 2 1

CHANNEL BASE

AIRFLOW

9

SOUNDPROOFING INSULATION

TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT VIEWS SHOWING MAJOR COMPONENTS (OTHER ARRANGEMENTS & CONFIGURATIONS AVAILABLE)

Figure 1- SIDE ELEV A TION OF UNIT WITH OPTIONAL ODOR SPRAY SECTION

Figure 2- SIDE ELEV A TION OF UNIT WITH OPTIONAL ODOR ABSORBINGMEDIA TRA YS

1 AIR MONITOR CABINET

2 PRE-FILTERS 40% ASHRAE 52.2

3 BAG FILTERS 95% ASHRAE 52.2

4 BOX FILTERS ASHRAE 52.2, 95% DOP

5 ODOR SPRAY ASSEMBLY SECTION (OPTIONAL)

6 FUSIBLE LINK FIRE DAMPER

7 COMBINATION MAGNETIC MOTOR STARTER

8 ODOR ABSORBING MEDIA SECTION (OPTIONAL)

9 BLOWER/FAN AND MOTOR SECTION(INTEGRAL SHOWN OR REMOTE MOUNT)

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION CODES Air Purification Unit

5

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION CODES

Quiet-Aire® Ecology APU’s are identified by a series of letters and numbers which designates features.

SERIAL DESIGNATION: 1. APU 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________

Explanation of Codes:

1. Filter Section

APU..................The Basic Filter section which includes: Pre-Filter, Bag Filter, Box Filter, Fire Stat, Air Monitor Cabinet, Status Panel, and Filter Enclosure Cabinet/Housing with Fire Damper.

2. Unit Size

3. Odor Abatement Option

OS ....................Odor spray indoor/outdoor style cabinet. HS ....................Heated/Insulated odor spray outdoor style cabinet. OT ....................Odor media trays filled with alumina spheres impregnated with potassium permanganate or

activated carbon.

4. Exhaust Fan Section

FIS ...................Indoor Fan Section w/ Sound Insulation Package and a Combination Magnetic Motor Starter housed in a TYPE 1 General Purpose Indoor Cabinet.

FOS ................. Outdoor Fan Section w/ Sound Insulation Package and a Combination Magnetic Motor Starter housed in a TYPE 3R Raintight Outdoor Cabinet.

5. APU Status Panel

ACW - HOA.......Is used in conjunction with a separately controlling fan circuit, and consists of the following: S/S Cabinet, Fan On Light, Power On Light, Filter Out Light, Fire Light, Replace Pre-Filter Light, Replace Box-Filter Light, Replace Bag-Filter Light, Alarm Buzzer, Buzzer Mute Push Button, Relays, Timers, Control Transformer, and Terminal Blocks. The H.O.A. is a manual selector control, built into the status panel for remote control by building automation system.

ACD ..................Is used as a stand alone on/off fan control panel. This unit consists of the same parts as the ACW except the “Fan On” light is replaced with a “Fan On/Off” illuminated and maintained Push Button switch.

6. Fire Supression

APP ..................Ansul prepiping done at our factory. X .......................No fire suppression.

EXAMPLE: A (APU–10–OS–FIS–ACW-HOA-APP) is a Quiet-Aire® Ecology APU sized for 10,000 CFM nominal, with an indoor style liquid odor spray section, a sound insulated indoor fan package, a remote control panel, hand-off-auto, and Ansul pre-piping.

APU Model Number CFM Range

02 1,100 - 2,000

03 2,100 - 3,000

04 3,100 - 4,000

05 4,100 - 5,000

06 5,100 - 6,000

08 6,100 - 8,000


10 8,100 - 10,000

12 10,100 - 12,000

15 12,100 - 15,000

18 15,100 - 18,000

20 18,100 - 20,000

24 20,100 - 24,000


28 24,100 - 28,000

32 28,100 - 32,000

36 32,100 - 36,000

40 36,100 - 40,000

6

OPERATION Air Purification Unit

FILTER SECTION

The exhausted air from the cooking operations passes through the Quiet-Aire® ventilator in the kitchen and is ducted to the the Ecology APU unit for the removal

of remaining particulate grease and smoke. The Ecology APU uses a three stage filter system that is designed to progressively remove the exhaust grease particulate and smoke matter down to an ASHRAE rated +99% clean air level. The filter section also includes:

A UL/ULC Listed fire damper actuated by a fusible link that is located at the filter section outlet. The fire damper is required in Canada and most cities in the United States.

A firestat fixed at 200˚F (93˚C) to shut off the exhaust fan and actuate an alarm at the firestat set point.

An Air Monitor Cabinet, water tight and housing the firestat relay and pressure switches for monitoring Filter Out, Replace PreFilter, Replace Bag-Filter, and Replace Box-Filter.

A Status Panel for remote mounting.

The three-stages of filtration comprises:

1. A first stage pre-filter is a 4” (102mm) deep pleated type and is rated at 40% ASHRAE 52.2. The filter is Listed as UL/ULC Class II.

2. A second stage bag-filter is a 22” (559mm) deep bag type and is rated at 95% ASHRAE 52.2. The filter is Listed as UL/ULC Class II.

3. A third stage box-filter is a 12” (305mm) deep, fire rated, absolute filter and is rated at ASHRAE 52.2, 95% DOP. The filter is Listed as UL/ULC Class II.

Pre-FilterBag FilterBox Filter

Box FilterBag Filter

Pre-Filter

APU UNIT SHOWN IS WITH OPTIONAL LIQUID ODOR SPRAY.

The standard configuration for the exhaust inlet and outet is straight through horizontally. Optionally the unit may be configured for left, right or top inlet and discharge (as illustrated in picture)


7

OPERATION Air Purification Unit

ODOR CONTROL SECTION

When equipped with the optional odor control section, the Ecology APU can effectively control the objectionable odors produced from commercial

cooking. The exhaust airstream from the filter section is purified of grease particulate and smoke but will still contain malodors produced from the cooking process. Control of these odors is accomplished by passing the exhaust airstream from the filter section through one of two odor control options offered by Quiet-Aire®.

ODOR SOLUTION Is a liquid specially formulated to safely and effectively reduce malodors. The Odor Solution liquid is atomized directly into the exhaust air stream of the odor cabinet. Odor Solution is a formulation of natural ingredients from essential oils; it is non-toxic, biodegradable, water soluble and environmentally safe. Odor Solution is not an enzyme or chemical mask, it works by modifying the odor molecule to form a neutral substance. A fresh natural scent results.

EXHAUST FAN SECTION

The exhaust fan section includes a centrifugal blower assembly constructed of a heavy gauge steel housing with all seams continuously welded. The blower has a steel

backwardly inclined airfoil wheel of the non-overloading type, and all blades are continuously welded to both a deep spun inlet shroud and to the backplate. The blower is AMCA rated both for sound and air volume, with a AISI C-1040 or C-1045 hot rolled and accurately turned and polished steel shaft. Bearings are grease lubricated, precision anti-friction ball and self aligning pillow block type with lubricating nipples. Drives are V-belt with a capacity 25% greater than motor horsepower. The blower and motor mounting base are equipped with anti-vibration isolators. Oil resistant non-static belts are provided.

The blower compartment is constructed with a fully removable combination access panel and hinged door on the drive side of the blower, allowing if necessary the complete removal of the blower assembly during servicing.

The blower section is complete with a UL/ULC listed Combination Magnetic Motor Starter with a TYPE 1 cabinet for indoor usage or TYPE 3R water-proof cabinet for outdoor usage, and includes a fan motor starter, electrical overloads, disconnect switch, and terminal blocks for remote control.

ACTIVATED ALUMINA SPHERES IMPREGNATED WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE WITH ACTIVATED CARBON (50% - 50%) Activated spheres are an oxidizing media arranged in steel trays inside the odor control section. As the exhaust air stream passes through the trays, the media causes a chemical reaction, oxidation, that breaks the odor causing molecules into odorless natural substances. The cardon provides additional absorption of the odor causing molecules.

For indoor and other noise-sensitive applications, an acoustical insulation liner is provided behind an expanded metal retaining wall as standard.

Combination Magnetic Motor Starter Panel

BLOWER SECTION SHOWN WITHOUT ACCESS PANEL AND HINGED DOOR

Odor Spray CabinetFilter Section Odor Media Section

Filter Section Odor Media Section

CombinationMagneticMotor StarterPanel

Blower Section Shown Without Access Panel And Hinged Door

Odor Spray CabinetFilter SectionOdor Media Section


8

OPERATION

FANON/OFF

ALARMBUZZER

FILTEROUT

FIRE

REPLACEBAG

FILTERS

POWERON

MUTEBUZZER

REPLACEPRE

FILTERS

REPLACEBOX

FILTERS

FAN ON

ALARMBUZZER

FILTEROUT

FIRE

REPLACEBAG

FILTERS

POWERON

LOWODORLIQUID

MUTEBUZZER

REPLACEPRE

FILTERS

REPLACEBOX

FILTERS

ACD PANEL

(Basic Panel Shown)

ACW-HOA PANEL

(With Optional Liquid Odor Control Shown)

OFF

KEY SWITCH

STANDARD STATUS PANEL INDICATORS

• POWER ON. Green pilot light will illuminate when power supply to the panel is on.

• FAN ON/OFF Switch (ACD Only). Green push button that when depressed will illuminate to indicate that power is being fed to the Magnetic Motor Starter Panel to start the blower.

• FAN ON (ACW-HOA Only). Green pilot light that will illuminate when the Fan ON switch, otherwise provided, is energized to start the blower.

• FILTER OUT. Red pilot light that when illuminated indicates that one or more of the bag or box filters are missing from the APU. Once the red FILTER OUT pilot light illuminates, the system will automatically shut down the blower. Other conditions may also cause this pilot light to illuminate, see the Trouble Shooting section of the Installation, Start Up, and Maintenance Manual for further explanation.

• FIRE. Red pilot light will illuminate and the N.O. dry contacts to the building’s annunciation system will close in the event that the pre-set firestat temperature of 200˚F (93˚C) has been reached.

• REPLACE PRE-FILTER. Red pilot will illuminate indicating the PRE-FILTERS are loaded and need immediate replacement.

• REPLACE BAG FILTER. Red pilot light will illuminate indicating the BAG FILTERS are loaded and need immediate replacement.

STATUS PANEL

The Status Panel is constructed of 18 gauge stainless steel and is designed for remote mounting. The panel features a fully hinged, water tight gasketed, front access door with security fasteners. The panel is an ACD (for use with dry ventilators) with the Fan ON/OFF pilot switch in the panel face, or ACW-HOA with the Fan ON pilot light (for use with water-wash ventilators) when the Fan ON/OFF pilot switch is furnished as part of another system. The panel is complete with relays, timers, step down 120/24 VAC transformer and status indicator pilot lights and/or push button controls for Fan ON/OFF (ACD) or Fan ON (ACW-HOA), Power On, Filter Out, Fire, Replace Pre-Filter, Replace Bag-Filter, Replace Box-Filter and Silence Buzzer Push Button. Field wiring between the Status Panel (ACD or ACW-HOA) and the Air Monitor Cabinet on the filter section is low voltage 24 VAC. The panel can be equipped with Low Odor Liquid Indicators. Also available are sets of dry contacts for sending status signals to the building management system.


9

OPERATION

• REPLACE BOX FILTER. Red pilot light will illuminate indicating the BOX FILTERS are loaded and need immediate replacement.

• SILENCE BUZZER. Blue push button that when depressed will mute the buzzer when an alarm is indicated.

• Audible alarm that will sound to indicate any alarm condition.

OPTIONAL STATUS PANEL INDICATORS

• LOW ODOR LIQUID. Yellow pilot light will illuminate to indicate that the odor liquid needs to be replenished.

MOTOR SIZING and FAN SPEED

• Motors are selected to accommodate maximum 4”WC ESP

• Fan speed is selected based on design CFM and design ESP

ACW - HOA SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS

• System “HAND” mode: Selector switch in “HAND” position Exhaust Fan ON Air Make-Up Fan ON

• System “AUTO” mode: Selector switch in “AUTO” position All control functions given to Building Management System System lights remain active on Remote Panel

• System “OFF” mode: Selector switch in “OFF” position Exhaust Fan OFF Air Make-Up Fan Turns OFF

• System “FIRE” mode: Selector switch in “HAND” or “AUTO” position: Exhaust Fan turns OFF Air Make-Up Fan Turns OFF

ACD SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS

• System “ON” mode: When “Fan ON” push button is activated Exhaust Fan ON

• System “OFF” mode: When “Fan ON” push button is not activated Exhaust Fan OFF

• System “FIRE” mode: When “Fan ON” push button is activated Exhaust Fan OFF


10

APU ATTRIBUTES & FILTER SCHEDULE

APU ATTRIBUTE CHART UNIT MOTOR FILTER OS FILTER/ODOR OT FILTER/ODOR FAN

(hp) SECTION (lbs.) SECTION (lbs.) SECTION (lbs.) SECTION (lbs.)

APU 02 5 385 495 660 760

APU 03 7.5 490 600 915 765

APU 04 10 505 705 1,060 935

APU 05 10 590 805 1,270 1,215

APU 06 15 610 905 1,475 1,090

APU 08 20 730 970 1,740 1,265

APU 10 20 850 1,100 2,080 1,490

APU 12 25 950 1,235 2,415 1,785

APU 15 30 1,080 1,420 2,925 1,960

APU 18 40 1,185 1,632 3,355 2,105

APU 20 40 1,375 1,787 3,815 2,460

APU 24 50 1,520 2,050 4,334 2,895

APU 28 50 1,710 2,317 4,830 3,680

APU 32 60 1,860 2,482 5,485 3,775

APU 36 60 2,075 2,682 6,100 4,795

APU 40 75 2,405 2,861 6,680 5,245

FILTER SCHEDULE

UNIT

PLEATED PRE FILTER BAG FILTER BOX FILTER

24" x 12" x 4" 24" x 24" x 4" 24" x 12" x 22" 24" x 24" x 22" 24" x 12" x 12" 24" x 24" x 12"

APU 02 0 1 0 1 0 1

APU 03 1 1 1 1 1 1

APU 04 0 2 0 2 0 2

APU 05 1 2 1 2 1 2

APU 06 2 2 2 2 2 2

APU 08 0 4 0 4 0 4

APU 10 2 4 2 4 2 4

APU 12 0 6 0 6 0 6

APU 15 3 6 3 6 3 6

APU 18 0 9 0 9 0 9

APU 20 3 9 3 9 3 9

APU 24 0 12 0 12 0 12

APU 28 4 12 4 12 4 12

APU 32 0 16 0 16 0 16

APU 36 4 16 4 16 4 16

APU 40 0 20 0 20 0 20

11

WIRING DIAGRAMS Air Purification Unit

78

(REM

OTEL

Y LO

CATE

D)

LIQ

UID

12

WIRING DIAGRAMS Air Purification Unit

(REM

OTEL

Y LO

CATE

D)AC

W -

HO

A

29 30LO

W O

DO

R

LIQ

UID

39 40M

AKE

UP

AIR

FAN

B

B

B

REM

OTE

MON

ITOR

ING

REM

OTE

SEE

NOTE

9

7

8

ACW

- H

OA

13

FAN LAWS

T he following section includes engineering and technical data, guidelines and system explanations related to air moving and control devices. Fan laws

and system descriptions are consistent with industry standards, definitions and accepted practices. This information is provided to assist system designers in sizing, selecting and defining their air moving and control systems as well as explaining variables inherent in system design.

Of nine basic fan laws, four are of prime importance to the understanding of ventilation systems. These, together with an appreciation of fan types, should help avoid most problems which cause poor airflow performance. These four laws assume the same fan operating with air at a constant density.

1. Airflow and fan speed are directly proportional. =

CFM1 is the original flow rate in cu. ft. per minute.

CFM2 is the desired flow rate in cu. ft. per minute. RPM1 is the original rotational speed of the fan. RPM2 is the desired rotational speed of the fan.

2. Pressure varies as the square of the speed or airflow.

= =

P1 is the original static pressure. P2 is the desired static pressure.

3. Power varies as the cube of fan speed.

=

4. Fan Tip speed (FPM): Where T.S. =(D (in) X RPM X π)/12 D = Wheel Diameter π = 3.14

EFFECT OF CHANGE IN DENSITY, ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS FACTORS

The resistance of a duct system is dependent on the density of the gas flowing through the system. A gas density of 0.075 lb/ft3 is standard in the fan industry.

The pressure and horsepower vary directly as the ratio of the gas density at the fan inlet to standard density. This density ratio must always be considered when selecting fans. To select a fan, pressure should be corrected to standard air density, 0.075 lb/ft3, 70° at sea level. Static pressure at operating condition x correction factor = static pressure at standard.

Refer to Correction Factors Table below.

CORRECTION FACTORS

Unity Basis = Standard Air Density of 0.075 lb/ft3 At sea level (29.92 in. Hg barometric pressure) this is equivalent to dry air at 70°F.

Horsepower at standard correction factor = horsepower at operating condition. Motors should be sized for highest density conditions at which they are expected to operate.

METRIC EQUIVALENTS

Many Quiet-Aire® products are specified and installed overseas. For your convenience, the table below provides conversion factors from English to Metric.

CFM2 CFM1

RPM2 RPM1

P2

P1

RPM2 2

RPM1

P2

P1

CFM2 2

CFM1

BHP2

BHP1

RPM2 3

RPM1

27

ENGINEERING NO TES Air Purification Unit

CATEGORY AMCA STANDARD /

ENGLISH UNIT x CONVERSION

FACTOR = METRIC (SI) UNIT

VOLUME FLOW CFM 0.00047195 cu. meter per sec. (m 3/s)PRESSURE Inches (wg) 248.84 pascal (Pa or N/m 2)POWER H.P. 745.7 watt (W or J/s)TEMPERATURE Fahrenheit ( ° F) (° F - 32°) ÷ 1.8 celsiusHEAT Btu 1.055 kilojoules (kj)TIP SPEED ft/min 0.00508 meter per second (m/s)SPEED RPM 0.016 rev. per second (rps)VELOCITY ft/min 0.00508 meter per second (m/s)DIMENSIONS Inches 25.4 millimeter (mm)

Feet 0.3048 meter (m)Square Feet 0.0929 square meter (m2)Cubic Feet 0.0283 cubic meter (m3)

METRIC EQUIVALENTS

Many Carroll products are specified and installedoverseas. For your convenience, the table belowprovides conversion factors from English to Metric.

FAN LAWS

The following section includes engineering andtechnical data, guidelines and systemexplanations related to air moving and control

devices. Fan laws and system descriptions areconsistent with industry standards, definitions andaccepted practices. This information is provided toassist system designers in sizing, selecting anddefining their air moving and control systems as wellas explaining variables inherent in system design.

Of nine basic fan laws, four are of prime importanceto the understanding of ventilation systems. These,together with an appreciation of fan types, shouldhelp avoid most problems which cause poor airflowperformance. These four laws assume the same fanoperating with air at a constant density.

1. Airflow and fan speed are directly proportional.

CFM1 is the original flow rate in cu. ft. per minute.CFM2 is the desired flow rate in cu. ft. per minute.RPM1 is the original rotational speed of the fan.RPM2 is the desired rotational speed of the fan.

2. Pressure varies as the square of the speed orairflow.

P1 is the original static pressure.P2 is the desired static pressure.


4. Fan Tip speed (FPM):Where T.S. =(D (in) X RPM X π)/12

D = Wheel Diameterπ = 3.14

EFFECT OF CHANGE IN DENSITY,ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATURECORRECTIONS FACTORS

The resistance of a duct system is dependent on thedensity of the gas flowing through the system. A gasdensity of 0.075 lb/ft3 is standard in the fan industry.

The pressure and horsepower vary directly as theratio of the gas density at the fan inlet to standard

CFM2 RPM2

CFM1 RPM1=

P RPMP RPM

2

1

2

1

=

2P CFMP CFM

2

1

2

1

=

2

BHP RPMBHP RPM

2

1

2

1

=

3

ALTITUDE (FEET) WITH BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Inches Hg)

0' 500' 1000' 1500' 2000' 2500' 3000' 3500' 4000' 4500' 500029.2 29.38 28.86 28.33 27.82 27.31 26.82 26.32 25.84 25.36 24.90

TEMP.°F

-400407080100120140160180200250300350400

.79 .81 .82 84 .85 .87 .88 .90 .92 .93 .95

.87 .88 .90 .92 .93 .95 .97 .99 1.00 1.02 1.04

.94 .96 .98 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.13

1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20

1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22

1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27

1.09 1.11 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.27 1.29 1.31

1.13 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.31 1.34 1.36

1.17 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.41

1.21 1.23 1.25 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.40 1.42 1.45

1.25 1.27 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.42 1.44 1.47 1.50

1.34 1.36 1.39 1.41 1.44 1.47 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.61

1.43 1.43 1.49 1.51 1.54 1.57 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.69 1.72

1.53 1.56 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.67 1.70 1.74 1.77 1.80 1.84

1.62 1.65 1.68 1.71 1.75 1.78 1.81 1.84 1.88 1.91 1.95

CORRECTION FACTORS

Unity Basis = Standard Air Density of 0.075 lb/ft3

At sea level (29.92 in. Hg barometric pressure) this isequivalent to dry air at 70°F.

Horsepower at standard correction factor = horse-power at operating condition. Motors should be sizedfor highest density conditions at which they areexpected to operate.

density. This density ratio must always be consideredwhen selecting fans. To select a fan, pressure shouldbe corrected to standard air density, 0.075 lb/ft3, 70°at sea level. Static pressure at operating condition xcorrection factor = static pressure at standard. Referto Correction Factors Table below.

27


CATEGORY AMCA STANDARD /

ENGLISH UNIT x CONVERSION

FACTOR = METRIC (SI) UNIT

VOLUME FLOW CFM 0.00047195 cu. meter per sec. (m 3/s)PRESSURE Inches (wg) 248.84 pascal (Pa or N/m 2)POWER H.P. 745.7 watt (W or J/s)TEMPERATURE Fahrenheit ( ° F) (° F - 32°) ÷ 1.8 celsiusHEAT Btu 1.055 kilojoules (kj)TIP SPEED ft/min 0.00508 meter per second (m/s)SPEED RPM 0.016 rev. per second (rps)VELOCITY ft/min 0.00508 meter per second (m/s)DIMENSIONS Inches 25.4 millimeter (mm)

Feet 0.3048 meter (m)Square Feet 0.0929 square meter (m2)Cubic Feet 0.0283 cubic meter (m3)

METRIC EQUIVALENTS

Many Carroll products are specified and installedoverseas. For your convenience, the table belowprovides conversion factors from English to Metric.

FAN LAWS

The following section includes engineering andtechnical data, guidelines and systemexplanations related to air moving and control

devices. Fan laws and system descriptions areconsistent with industry standards, definitions andaccepted practices. This information is provided toassist system designers in sizing, selecting anddefining their air moving and control systems as wellas explaining variables inherent in system design.

Of nine basic fan laws, four are of prime importanceto the understanding of ventilation systems. These,together with an appreciation of fan types, shouldhelp avoid most problems which cause poor airflowperformance. These four laws assume the same fanoperating with air at a constant density.

1. Airflow and fan speed are directly proportional.

CFM1 is the original flow rate in cu. ft. per minute.CFM2 is the desired flow rate in cu. ft. per minute.RPM1 is the original rotational speed of the fan.RPM2 is the desired rotational speed of the fan.

2. Pressure varies as the square of the speed orairflow.

P1 is the original static pressure.P2 is the desired static pressure.


4. Fan Tip speed (FPM):Where T.S. =(D (in) X RPM X π)/12

D = Wheel Diameterπ = 3.14

EFFECT OF CHANGE IN DENSITY,ALTITUDE AND TEMPERATURECORRECTIONS FACTORS

The resistance of a duct system is dependent on thedensity of the gas flowing through the system. A gasdensity of 0.075 lb/ft3 is standard in the fan industry.

The pressure and horsepower vary directly as theratio of the gas density at the fan inlet to standard

CFM2 RPM2

CFM1 RPM1=

P RPMP RPM

2

1

2

1

=

2P CFMP CFM

2

1

2

1

=

2

BHP RPMBHP RPM

2

1

2

1

=

3

ALTITUDE (FEET) WITH BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Inches Hg)

0' 500' 1000' 1500' 2000' 2500' 3000' 3500' 4000' 4500' 500029.2 29.38 28.86 28.33 27.82 27.31 26.82 26.32 25.84 25.36 24.90

TEMP.°F

-400407080100120140160180200250300350400

.79 .81 .82 84 .85 .87 .88 .90 .92 .93 .95

.87 .88 .90 .92 .93 .95 .97 .99 1.00 1.02 1.04

.94 .96 .98 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.13

1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20

1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22

1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27

1.09 1.11 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.27 1.29 1.31

1.13 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.31 1.34 1.36

1.17 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.41

1.21 1.23 1.25 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.40 1.42 1.45

1.25 1.27 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.42 1.44 1.47 1.50

1.34 1.36 1.39 1.41 1.44 1.47 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.61

1.43 1.43 1.49 1.51 1.54 1.57 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.69 1.72

1.53 1.56 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.67 1.70 1.74 1.77 1.80 1.84

1.62 1.65 1.68 1.71 1.75 1.78 1.81 1.84 1.88 1.91 1.95

CORRECTION FACTORS

Unity Basis = Standard Air Density of 0.075 lb/ft3

At sea level (29.92 in. Hg barometric pressure) this isequivalent to dry air at 70°F.

Horsepower at standard correction factor = horse-power at operating condition. Motors should be sizedfor highest density conditions at which they areexpected to operate.

density. This density ratio must always be consideredwhen selecting fans. To select a fan, pressure shouldbe corrected to standard air density, 0.075 lb/ft3, 70°at sea level. Static pressure at operating condition xcorrection factor = static pressure at standard. Referto Correction Factors Table below.

ENGINEERING DATA Air Purification Unit

14

The above values of full-load currents are typical for motors running at speeds usual for belted motors and motors with normal torque characteristics. Motors built for low speeds (1200 RPM or less) or high torques may require more running current, and multi-speed motors will have full-load current varying with speed, in which case the nameplate current ratings shall be used.

The voltages listed are rated motor voltages. The currents listed shall be permitted for system voltage ranges of 230 to 240 and 440 to 480 volts.

The table data shown above is from the NEC 1999 edition, table 430-150.

SOUND CLASSIFICATION GUIDE

SOUND POWER LEVELS

Since any mechanical device generates some sound energy into the air, fans will create some noise. Because of the great number of factors influencing sound output it is invalid to compare fans based on RPM, tip speed or outlet velocity. The only accurate basis of comparison is the sound power level generated by the fan at the required point of operation.

Having sound power levels for a specific fan at a specific operating point allows the system designer to determine the theoretical sound pressure level at any point in the occupied space. AMCA Publication 303 and the ASHRAE Guides provide more information on this process. Another typical application of sound power levels is to compare similar fans. Generally differences of 6 dB in the 63 Hz band and 3 dB in all other bands are considered insignificant.

System designers use many methods to predict acoustic acceptability of an occupied space.

The A-weighted sound pressure level provides a single number that corresponds well to the human judgement of relative loudness. OSHA bases their requirements regarding exposure to noise on A-weighted sound pressure levels. The disadvantage of this method is that A-weighted sound pressure levels do not provide information as to the quality of the sound. Noise Criteria (NC) curves are also widely used. To determine the NC level, the sound power spectrum is compared to defined limits.

Each method relies on sound pressure level information because the human ear “hears” sound pressure fluctuations, not sound power (watts). Sound pressure is a function of the attenuation of the space and the distance from the source. Consider a 100 watt light bulb. It provides adequate light for a closet, but not for a classroom, and in a stadium it would be imperceptible. While the light source was the same power (100 watts), the brightness level changed dramatically. Similarly, the same sound power level (acoustical energy) produces greatly different sound pressure levels (noise).

28


SOUND POWER LEVELS

Since any mechanical device generates some soundenergy into the air, fans will create some noise.Because of the great number of factors influencing

sound output it is invalid to compare fans based on RPM,tip speed or outlet velocity. The only accurate basis ofcomparison is the sound power level generated by the fanat the required point of operation.

Having sound power levels for a specific fan at a specificoperating point allows the system designer to determinethe theoretical sound pressure level at any point in theoccupied space. AMCA Publication 303 and the ASHRAEGuides provide more information on this process. Anothertypical application of sound power levels is to comparesimilar fans. Generally differences of 6 dB in the 63 Hz bandand 3 dB in all other bands are considered insignificant.

System designers use many methods to predict acousticacceptability of an occupied space.

The A-weighted sound pressure level provides a singlenumber that corresponds well to the human judgement ofrelative loudness. OSHA bases their requirementsregarding exposure to noise on A-weighted sound pressurelevels. The disadvantage of this method is that A-weightedsound pressure levels do not provide information as to thequality of the sound. Noise Criteria (NC) curves are alsowidely used. To determine the NC level, the sound powerspectrum is compared to defined limits.

Each method relies on sound pressure level informationbecause the human ear “hears” sound pressurefluctuations, not sound power (watts). Sound pressure is afunction of the attenuation of the space and the distancefrom the source. Consider a 100 watt light bulb. It providesadequate light for a closet, but not for a classroom, and ina stadium it would be imperceptible. While the light sourcewas the same power (100 watts), the brightness levelchanged dramatically. Similarly, the same sound powerlevel (acoustical energy) produces greatly different soundpressure levels (noise).

SUGGESTED LOUDNESS LEVELAREA SONE

LEVELNOISE

CRITERIA NC dBA (1) TYPES OF AREAS

Up to 9 32 to 54 35 to 60Bingo Hall, Auction Room, Hotel Ballroom, Social Club, Reception Room, Apartment House, Professional Office, Supervisor Office,Courtroom, School and Classroom, Hospital Ward, Operating Room, Correction Facility.

ModeratelyQuiet Sound

9.1 to 13 55 to 59 61 to 65Lobby/Corridor, Spectator Area, Chicken House, Greenhouse, General Open Office, Restaurant, Night Club, Department Store, Ticket SalesOffice, Casino, Spa, Control Room, Rail, Bus, Plane, Bowling Alley, Print Shop, Drafting Office, Convention Hall Average

13.1 to 18 60 to 64 66 to 70Washroom & Toilet, Retail Shop, Bus Terminal Lounge, Foreman's Office, Cocktail Lounge, Office Hall & Corridor, Tabulation &Computation Office, Kitchen Cafeteria, Hotel Garage, Computer Room, Warehouse, Battery Charging Room Commercial

18.1 to 50 65 to 78 71 to 84General Storage Area, Restaurant Banquet Room, Swimming Pool, Supermarket, Hotel Kitchen and Laundry, Welding Booth, DepartmentStore Main Floor, Paint Booth, Heat Treating Plant, Tool Maintenance Area High Sound

50.1 Plus 78.1 to 85+84.1 to 90+

(2)Manufacturing Area, Heavy Machine Foundry, Assembly Line, Machine Shops, Punch Press Shop, Light Machine Area, Boiler Room,Emergency Generator Room, Pump House, Power Plant, Transformer, Steel Mill, Engine Test Room, Compressor Room, Steel Stamping

Ext. HeavyIndustrial


(1) dBA range of A-weighted sound levels, in decibels.Notes:

AMPERE RATINGS FOR THREE PHASE MOTORS

200 208 230 460 575Horsepower Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts

1 4.8 4.6 4.2 2.1 1.7

1 1/2 6.9 6.6 6.0 3.0 2.4

2 7.8 7.5 6.8 3.4 2.7

3 11.0 10.6 9.6 4.8 3.9

5 17.5 16.7 15.2 7.6 6.1

7 1/2 25.3 24.2 22 11 9

10 32.2 30.8 28 14 11

15 48.3 46.2 42 21 17

20 62.1 59.4 54 27 22

25 78.2 74.8 68 34 27

30 92 88 80 40 32

40 120 114 104 52 41

50 150 143 130 65 52

60 177 169 154 77 62

75 221 211 192 96 77

100 285 273 248 124 99

The above values of full-load currents are typical formotors running at speeds usual for belted motors andmotors with normal torque characteristics. Motorsbuilt for low speeds (1200 RPM or less) or high torquesmay require more running current, and multi-speedmotors will have full-load current varying with speed,in which case the nameplate current ratings shall be used.

The voltages listed are rated motor voltages. Thecurrents listed shall be permitted for system voltageranges of 230 to 240 and 440 to 480 volts.

The table data shown above is from the NEC 1999edition, table 430-150.

(2) Sound levels this high subject to OSHA Standards for safety, as well as state and local ordinances. Soundattenuation provisions should be considered. Source: ASHRAE, AMCA Publications.

ENGINEERING DATA Air Purification Unit

28


SOUND POWER LEVELS

Since any mechanical device generates some soundenergy into the air, fans will create some noise.Because of the great number of factors influencing

sound output it is invalid to compare fans based on RPM,tip speed or outlet velocity. The only accurate basis ofcomparison is the sound power level generated by the fanat the required point of operation.

Having sound power levels for a specific fan at a specificoperating point allows the system designer to determinethe theoretical sound pressure level at any point in theoccupied space. AMCA Publication 303 and the ASHRAEGuides provide more information on this process. Anothertypical application of sound power levels is to comparesimilar fans. Generally differences of 6 dB in the 63 Hz bandand 3 dB in all other bands are considered insignificant.

System designers use many methods to predict acousticacceptability of an occupied space.

The A-weighted sound pressure level provides a singlenumber that corresponds well to the human judgement ofrelative loudness. OSHA bases their requirementsregarding exposure to noise on A-weighted sound pressurelevels. The disadvantage of this method is that A-weightedsound pressure levels do not provide information as to thequality of the sound. Noise Criteria (NC) curves are alsowidely used. To determine the NC level, the sound powerspectrum is compared to defined limits.

Each method relies on sound pressure level informationbecause the human ear “hears” sound pressurefluctuations, not sound power (watts). Sound pressure is afunction of the attenuation of the space and the distancefrom the source. Consider a 100 watt light bulb. It providesadequate light for a closet, but not for a classroom, and ina stadium it would be imperceptible. While the light sourcewas the same power (100 watts), the brightness levelchanged dramatically. Similarly, the same sound powerlevel (acoustical energy) produces greatly different soundpressure levels (noise).

SUGGESTED LOUDNESS LEVELAREA SONE

LEVELNOISE

CRITERIA NC dBA (1) TYPES OF AREAS

Up to 9 32 to 54 35 to 60Bingo Hall, Auction Room, Hotel Ballroom, Social Club, Reception Room, Apartment House, Professional Office, Supervisor Office,Courtroom, School and Classroom, Hospital Ward, Operating Room, Correction Facility.

ModeratelyQuiet Sound

9.1 to 13 55 to 59 61 to 65Lobby/Corridor, Spectator Area, Chicken House, Greenhouse, General Open Office, Restaurant, Night Club, Department Store, Ticket SalesOffice, Casino, Spa, Control Room, Rail, Bus, Plane, Bowling Alley, Print Shop, Drafting Office, Convention Hall Average

13.1 to 18 60 to 64 66 to 70Washroom & Toilet, Retail Shop, Bus Terminal Lounge, Foreman's Office, Cocktail Lounge, Office Hall & Corridor, Tabulation &Computation Office, Kitchen Cafeteria, Hotel Garage, Computer Room, Warehouse, Battery Charging Room Commercial

18.1 to 50 65 to 78 71 to 84General Storage Area, Restaurant Banquet Room, Swimming Pool, Supermarket, Hotel Kitchen and Laundry, Welding Booth, DepartmentStore Main Floor, Paint Booth, Heat Treating Plant, Tool Maintenance Area High Sound

50.1 Plus 78.1 to 85+84.1 to 90+

(2)Manufacturing Area, Heavy Machine Foundry, Assembly Line, Machine Shops, Punch Press Shop, Light Machine Area, Boiler Room,Emergency Generator Room, Pump House, Power Plant, Transformer, Steel Mill, Engine Test Room, Compressor Room, Steel Stamping

Ext. HeavyIndustrial


(1) dBA range of A-weighted sound levels, in decibels.Notes:

AMPERE RATINGS FOR THREE PHASE MOTORS

200 208 230 460 575Horsepower Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts

1 4.8 4.6 4.2 2.1 1.7

1 1/2 6.9 6.6 6.0 3.0 2.4

2 7.8 7.5 6.8 3.4 2.7

3 11.0 10.6 9.6 4.8 3.9

5 17.5 16.7 15.2 7.6 6.1

7 1/2 25.3 24.2 22 11 9

10 32.2 30.8 28 14 11

15 48.3 46.2 42 21 17

20 62.1 59.4 54 27 22

25 78.2 74.8 68 34 27

30 92 88 80 40 32

40 120 114 104 52 41

50 150 143 130 65 52

60 177 169 154 77 62

75 221 211 192 96 77

100 285 273 248 124 99

The above values of full-load currents are typical formotors running at speeds usual for belted motors andmotors with normal torque characteristics. Motorsbuilt for low speeds (1200 RPM or less) or high torquesmay require more running current, and multi-speedmotors will have full-load current varying with speed,in which case the nameplate current ratings shall be used.

The voltages listed are rated motor voltages. Thecurrents listed shall be permitted for system voltageranges of 230 to 240 and 440 to 480 volts.

The table data shown above is from the NEC 1999edition, table 430-150.

(2) Sound levels this high subject to OSHA Standards for safety, as well as state and local ordinances. Soundattenuation provisions should be considered. Source: ASHRAE, AMCA Publications. 14 Robb Boulevard

Orangeville, ON L9W 3L2519-415-3425 • fax: 519-415-3426

www.quiet-aire.com

pohara

Text Box

Working in hundreds of locations around the world;

efficiently, smoothly, and with an eye on the air we breath

Among many others, ithe Ecology APU is installed in:Air Canada Centre, Toronto, CanadaAladdin Casino & Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaMarlboro Country Club, Marlboro, New JerseySel De La Terre Restaurant, Boston, MassachusettsQueens Quay, Toronto, CanadaEmirates Towers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Represented by:

ULC®

LISTED

14 Robb BoulevardOrangeville, ON L9W 3L2

519-415-3425 • fax: 519-415-3426www.quiet-aire.com

ecology system exhaust hood detailed

Documents