f , I I ~·

01'

•

AND TO

I

RBPBINTED FROH THE OFFICIAL

•

•

.. , 200 B 0 PHIL. DELPHI :

,.

•

•

1844.]

·gation would be broken by ba1lo\\' at lo\\' \ve~e nnm rous durin th day, and two ~ater. Bearina in to\va~d. the ri 'er, \V \ver~e cau J1t by th p opl . 7ere aaain forced off by a.noth ~er ~lou , h · Late in he afi noon \V di ov r d im-~d pas~ing around tee~ed to :vard a clun1p ber \VI ich 1va ound ro ro J t~ of ak of tr,e on the iver and finding th re good lre on a dry ar-.-royo. r l e rain lll .. b had gras~, encamped. be ptairie"' along the fa. len in fr qu nt ~ho\ r r~ p ~r d d ~n in a eft ban)< are alive ;\ ith imnten e drove of : ~torm at un e · \'i 1 a tr n \'ind ;\~hi h. ~ild hor~e ; and they had been seen during \Vept o " he c)o d and fl l ar ky

the day at every openincr thfiough the \\'Ood Riding on thro 1 1 h~ in1 r a ut dark hich affolit!ed u a ie\v aero~~ tb riv~ r. ~r found abun an va er in ma11 J on d.... _

....... atitude, by ob!Servation, ,37 0 00" · Jon- o 30 yard in ·am t r 'ith I ar d p gitude l 20° 45' ~JJ " . \ ater and san y d ~ ord r d ·i h b._~, .....

Ap1 il 5. During the earlier part of the tn h (J.Ilncu. flu us) a Jd a a 11 u!lo;; •• day~ .... ride the country pr~e~ented a lac us- ( cirpus lacu t i ). ~ 'el ,,e · l1 1 nd r-trine appearance; U1e ri\"er ;-. aJ deep and f,ounded near t.Jhe mar(r,in \Vith \\ i11o v ttfi1P

nearly on ale •el \\dtb the urroundin oun- in blo m ; amon them ;\" Jich m-ry · i bank raised I ike a le\·e:) au frin .. bled al· nnrricoid . . l1 a · of th

ed \\'ith "illou· . 0\ er the bo~de1·in plain li ve ~va~ the !'o.ame ai ad ~n n i n"--,'"' :vere intcli p r ~ d pots of prairi among 1 'i th In all lea\. · n ~or 1 Hh h f """!'l;;jj

tiel f tule (bul u 1 e ... ), \VJ1ich in tl1i coun- ·hit~ oa' and ~ rming ;\ i h t e · r r en try are caHed tula,·e.", and l1ttl pond~. n oak, tb har-ac erj ... "c tr of the · lley. he pp ite id , a line of im er 1va ,·si- pr-i . Afi er a id f · t:,o

bl ~ \vhich, accordin« to infor1nati n3 points h~ou h bru-h a d op n ache out . h cour e of the slough, ;vhi h at ti rn lar e trearn . call d the ir r of the ....... of hi h «tter oonnect.... ~·ith the · n J a- r ~emb]iu in fize he an ioaquin, and quin ri \ r a lara bo y of wa er in h beincr ab u I 00 ·nr hroa . Thi~ i the

pp r p( rt of the vaUey caU~d the Tule princi I tributary t he · u1e lakel.;;!l '1ich a ·e. . rl'he river and a11 it longh. ar lie t all the ate in the 1pp r · r of ·ery fn U, and it i .... pr bable lha the Ia ·e .. . the \a · y. \ hiJ i\-e i\1er earcl i 1 for a

no\V di charging. I-Iere elk :\-e~e frequent- fo d, orne Ir d"a t~ appear d on the pp .:llte ly tnrted ana ne \Va l1ot ou of a b nd , bank: and 1a fin _ di oler d that ' · 'N"' e ,; ,hie . ran a o nd us . n our le~t the not ani ... 1 ... oldier ... ,. ~ ho\' d u the ' y o .. ierra maintain ·t: nn :v T hei l1 .. and a o d foJid ~ veral m ·1 :o. a. .. e. m· sse of ... no ¥ appear to descend er ' lo\ he ndi n o · he . i rra rna · r q tent o\ ifard '"' the plain ... • robably the ]at . a in~ d .... oent u n th men a t he

'"n he ~all y " 'ere no\v n the mo; ta~n~. a--t ange, J ~ic 1 h y e p 11 tan -e r{ , Ued 3 m1lrs: a11d enc.<tn1pe I on tlae :\'" p f }Jor e.., .. am .· 1 rn rem n '" rJ o

ri\'er. _J 11!!'itud of the amp 1 0° 2 ' n called hris ian _ 1di n : b i .. ...,..-3 r' and 'tt ti tude 36° 9' l.-/' . trom pan i ,h m · ion . - ·· h w

JJril 6.- rter ba\'inO' t~aveHed fifteen , in ~n~""'ion ocr:,un ~· tile_ r a _ el-mile alon_ the river \V 11 de an early halt . ve 1a. 1 c. ~ronally a t1es of ldi·~· •. co fol-

nd r 1 1 hade of } camo~e tr ~..;. · e e lo,-.· t11 m acr s ~h :v lot nd be .. an Joaqui 1 con1ing do\vn en er the ier a.- . f~ m t ierra ~ith a "C terl cour~e and 1 n the oppo~1te rde e found checki 1 ur ,. aH it tribu ar·c bad or fiflt n ian 1ho ad m

..

r riou y done. e had x ct d to ra , rom he ·ill· lo r.. ·e m .... ~ the river · but round ood o d and e1 .. me mall reL an • ·n ·ted m o ~~~ can1p on th opJ o&Jite bank lhere ro · ompa:ny 1 o our enc mpmen ' ~hich

f , ild 10ri:: ' r a· in - 1 1d~ f du;; fter bout -hTiee m ·te t ~~ u h 1n on h rniri . o1urnn f moke ·er rove \' made on he r· ~e . e ma·LJ·I<--.· ib 1 e di ti n f hP u e Ia ·e o · r ~ p in ip· U - n accoun o u an·mal .

th o~ tJ 'B · obabl ... · 1d1 d in the - T 1e J ian brou bt ot er - ~in. and t:t! ar b , 1 i n a .. · nal th t there kind~ of l;:h a d b d made f om o

rr in h alJe rade.. ... non rr h 01 'e~e .. 10 d

rold 1 e

rnade, n t 1th . har-d mar h in a corne. to i e amen e ... e lndi n- :\' en he r· • n fr m mo 11 in until 1 iu t nli.._ ... ...ion~ ·ere bro ~en up and · o p -e

J ··c · h . _ ~;e m ' Jled by .. pani~ uenll ·. her inforn1ed u a r~at r e from - 1e an e , ~:er cal ed by the- p niafi ~ zan ito

nter .... . f te T le ake ... :: (t ine) ~11 i.:tinc 1 n f om the '"1 er ibes ""''"' o ·er a , r ' I · rairie o be untain.... I e r o e ~ n-

country. . e w \l ol "e lr€ · nentl urin · en ... elve .. ery ·nsec _ e no kno --i be da · pro"'lin about aft r the younu ru1- ·ha unf re een mom nt the iu of I t-

and ou

telope, hu~h c nrot run ' 'ery fa 1. Tl1e~e ter ma be ~i i ed on them.. They are ark·

186 ARRATIVE.

s inned but handsome and intelrgent I n- ycamore, looked very refre...,bing among the dian.. and live principally on acorns anti the sandy hills. oots of the tule, of which also their hut In the evenincr \Ve encamped on a large ~e made. creek \Vitb abundant water. I noticed here By ob e ation the latituda of the en· in bloom, for ·he fir-t time since leaving the

ca.mpment i 36° 2 1 50'', and longitude kan:-a ;va er, , the tirabilis Jala1Ja. 119° 41 40". pril 1~. long our road to-day the

. .c::april 9. For everal mi!es \ve had very country \Vo. altogether andy and ve etation .. (] raveUincr over \vhat is called rotten mea~r. Eplu1dra occillentalis, \vhich ¥8 '

"round, in which the hot e \\~ere frequently had fir t eell in the uei hborhood of the tp to their knee . .. aking O\Vard ... a hne Pyramid lake, made iu appe _ranee here: and

of timber, \Ve found a mall fordable st~eam, in tbe conr e of the day becatne very bun­beyond which the country improved, and the dant an ·. in large bu.J e~. To\vards the gtas became e .. ~cellent · and, c o sing a close o the afternoon, \Ve reached a tolera· nun1ber of dry and timbered arroyos, e bly large ri\'er 'vhich emptie~ into a small traveHed nn il late tb o h ope11 oal· rove.,;, lake a h head of the valley; it i abou~ and encamped among a collection of r.:!t.ream'"' . hirty-five ard ,-..·ide, 'vith a tStony an • These ¥ere running among ru-.-he and \VH- gravelly d, a1 d the \viftest trealn \Ve lo\vo.;; ar d a usual, flock of blackbird· have era e I ince Jeavi g the bay. rhe annonnced our ·1pproach 'vat r. 'i e l ottorns p odu ed o tTra hou b 'vell have here a proached oon~-iderably near r o tin1bered \ i 't w "llo\v an c~ tton\v od ; and t.he aste n ierra 'vl1ich ho\v ery plain- fter a~c ndi 1£! it for s ve al mile. \VO 1n· de ly ill cove ed IVith rna e of now, \\'hi h a Ia e nc 1npment on a l i tie bottom, \rjth .. ee!terday an to-day ha aL.o appeared canty gr ~ . u r a er pa , he v e a-abundant on he oa t Ranrne. - tion along our roa con i ted O\V of rare

pril l 0. To-day 've made anoth r Ion" and unu~ ual plante nmong ,..., ic many journey of about forty mil s through \VC~e entil·ely ne iV~ ~ountry unint~re-ting and tla \Vith very long th b tom l e~ hie ·e on i...t-1ittle grass and a ~andy · oil in \Vhich e\rer I in f veral varietie f whrub ' l1i~h br nche-w ~e croli;'sed had lo their ,ater. made ere their fir ..,t a I p a L nee; and an1on In the even·n the ~ace of the country be- these 'va ... Garrya ellptica (Lindley), a mall ca.m~ hilly; and,. turnin a fe\v mile,.. p tree belon ing to a ery peenliar natural o · · rd he mountains \ . e found a good er. order, and, in it general appea an e ( row-

campmen on a ll etty tt am I idden among ina · n hi eke ~) r~e embHn 'villo rv. · , no he hi 1 and aud omely timber€d princi: became common alon the ~tream , u t}­

p I y ;vith large cot on vood-- (VJopulus difter- quently supplyi g the place of al"x lo ·-~n from any in 11chaux' ylva). . 1e jolia. ~e 3

_ 'e""" ... els of thi t ee ere no ., ju .... t abo "t pril 13. Tlae \\'ater ~ low, and a f~\V bu in . 1nile above \\'e forde he ri\ er at a ap1d~

ever:tl ndian came down tl e l'i -er to and marche in a ou ea terl · direction ~ e in he \'enin · we e t em upper, o . e1r a e ~ b okean count y. The rno1 ntain a d ca tioned 1em a inst alina ot r \ ·e ·. o ~., ·ery nea I, c ., , ion ally l om in l1or e-.. : · · ch he' p omi .ed no attemp . ou h~ u , · fo . In a e :v l1o. m \Ve acl e

p il 1.. roa tra1l alon the i rer the bottom of cree · rithout '"a r, o rer he e ta .. e._ out amon_ the h ·n . ,. u n hicl · e andy b d ., r i..,pe ... d ir c mi o" ( ood oad) aid one o .. tJ c n- m ny b~ nch . mm d·a ly Jtvh -e ·e di n of ' hom \ve ha inquir about he truck ·t h imb r rm·n· d · an belo '

10; • and, folio\ in i · ace rdin I ·, it ~on- to the ri h it 1a r ad b d f dr r and ucted eautifiully throtJ a ery brok b re a1 d . There ere 1n ny r ,,; ~ of

cou1 ry by an e ceUen va ;vh· cb other- ndi ns and 10r e imprin · th and, . i e re ~."Jbou) re 0 n C :reme y . 'hie}, yj JJ h indic ti n . ~ TID d U

,.._ ·ep t Jy the hi 11 . re e m 1\ , he r k ~ !::! ina , o I f pa II ~ c fi I o l · ne~ b , . er a .. hi h r b r call d a f e ... .. 1

e rn und. In a 0 a . le I c nd . :rail fo \ mile long h a e ac of the co ntry i clo ely cove d I ct e w. and l1 d nl o 1n a tr am r \ er

'· 1 e~ ·um cicuta ·um her on y t ~ . o 1 five ee ·de . runr · n r"th a livelr urren . . _ .. r~e .. tc e hi h. I ei h and b a y but .. · lm t imm dia e y. Tb_I ,-a e n a emar -a. 1e m n er ~ith th Jo.. litUe t m ho ve p · ·n r he manner 1n cali , ·ne in many o ~ lace hi l e hicb be m unta·n ~ate .. ....e then1~ 1 e ..

. ed d .. ... he day, a~ound t earn and in and at the e tern oo of the ie _ra, t!prang~, t'\V and thl'\ee feet · n eiaht. The teavin onl r parched e ert and ·d pJaan .. .JIV~.r~try had no · assumed a character of beyon .. The tream nl r. d pidly a.n . ld1ty ~ and he l -mr·ant reen f 1e~e be tim be became abund _nt a -e a cended.

l1l e .. treams, 'Ooded ·ith fVillo ;v i1 oak, or nel.. pee· of pi e made "ts appear.lJloe,

1844.]

rith everal kinds of oaks and a ,.ariety of rees · and the country cbanrring j ~ appear·

a nee ddenl y and entirelv -,ve found our­sel\'e~ again .. tr 'elli ng amoncr the old or-

' chard-like place"'. Here \Ve elected a de­li _htful encamptnent in a hand orne reen oak l1ollow: \Vhere, amon the open bolls of tbe trees \Vas an abundant """\vard of gra ~ and pt~a vineu.. In the e\·eniMg a .JJr ·stian Indian de into the camp \veil dre sed, :.. ith lonO' p rs and a son2b1iero, and peakina

pani'"'"h fluent~y. It wa- an 11nexp ct~ d ap: parition~ and a trange and pleasant ~i. ht in hL. de .... olate crorrre of a mountain an Indian

face pani~b co~tume jin ling .... pur~ and hor-..e equipped after the ~ panish manucr. H informed me that he belon ed to one of the 'pani h ani sion._ o the ~ ou l; di~tant t \ 'O or th ee d .. ride. and tlu t he had

bt i ned f~om he pri e~t~ I a \'e to 1 end a \ r day'"' \ ith hi ~elation in he • ierra. a in een u. nter he Ja • , l1e had oome

do 1\711 ri it 1 • e app a~ed familiarly 4. cqua·nted \''ith the oun ry, and gave me definit and lear informa ·ion in re ard o tl•e d r f>e _ion ea - of the mounta1iu . I · ad en er d e pa \vith a tron (J' dispo i­ion to ' 'ary my route and to tr,avel directly

3Jcro ... ~ o 7ard the lieat alt Ia ·e. in th " i e1v of obtainin so·me a guaintance with

the interior f the Great n, --in \VhiJe p lf-

1 in!!' a direct cout e for the frontier · but hi ~epre-entation which de ... cribed it a'"' an ari · and bar: en de ert: that had rep· I ~ed by its ,""terility aU the a temp of he Indian~ o pene rate it determined me for he pre ... en o elinqui h the plan· and,' greeably to hi

ad yice afl cro .. jn the 1erm, c ntinue our intended ou e alon;g- it eastern base o ._

the pan· It trail. By thi rou e a party of i .. '" Indian_ ~rho had come rom a · re~t

river in h ea tern part of the deser o ·r.ade ;vit b hi people, had j u~t tarted n , ....... eir re urn. lie \\'ould 1irn elf r 1 n the n xt a r to an "ernando; and as o tr Tload,:,

rou)d - he anl or t 0 dar~ .. he 0 .. red • I

ervi e ... to con net u o far on ur' -a . aladl T ace ed. . he fo _

.-...,.m \Vh t · nt r r d i h vie Y..-:

in t e r I y ha n · r · r pa ... ; and le t c e( ·y. Th t vhic bad n\7 loped l i [l lt lei h rh 0 0 f he ~ p r -

r4 e e r 1 rom i e ··nell d mon be ul _ _. by ndi n"' 1i ·in_ 1ear 1 ak

:J nd r..·l ich v in end t 'arn ili e in h m un n~ that th r ·ere ~trann r in

th ? n .. I p ition 1\'"a it Ia .. tud ;) 3 ° 1 , I , n 1 • u le l 0 a , 3', • . r ·z . ur 1 • e j in d u thi ~ n -

01 e trail: d · rri ,in in b .... o -ta11ce a an n· t m \"'here cree • forked r .. c.ontin u.,d op he r· _ b .. band branch. \V} tch enrict b - a ~of ... ion of H ---ers, and han om ely ~ ·o ed _ ith •

158 C PT. FRE i [18

up orne point in ~eoQTapby on 'vhich error sive tree in the vegetable kingdom. ollow­bad lo 1 pr vaile . t bad been con tantly inu the hollow \Ve "'hortly came '!pon a creek epre ent d a I have already tated, tha ~imbe ed with large black oak, \Yhich yet be bay of ,an Frn.nci~co opened far into the had not put forth a leaf. There was a mall

·nterior by orne ri\1er comina dovln from rivulet of runninu water i\'ith uood gr . . the of , he Rocky mountain"", and u on pril 15. The Indian who had accom-iVhich ~uppo:sed ream the name of ' io panied the guide returned thL mo nina, and

. .A.Iuenaventu a hn.d been be O\\red. Our ob- I p rchased from them a pani ~h saddle and er\7ation of the ierra revada. in the onO' long spur , a reminiscences of the ti1ne;

di tance from he head of the acra;tnento to and for a fe\V yard~ of scarlet cloth they the head of the I an Joaquin, and of the val- gave me a bor-e ~vhich after\vard~ becatne 1 y belo v i v hich collects .. aU the \Vater~ of tood for other Indian . tbe an Franci~co bav bo\v that thi nei- V e continued a hart di tance ~do\ ~n the her i n r can be he- ca-e. o river from creek in \vhicb our auide informed u be interior d e or can eros the ier a hat I be \Va er very soon di appeared, and evad it .. elf tnore lo · y than e ocky tu ·ned dir ctly to the south ~aTcl aloncr he

mount in · and a to the Buenaventura the fa t of the mountain · the tr H on 'hich re n1ou h of which een on -he coa ·t ve he rode appearing to de~cribe the ea~tern li1nit idea and the name of the reputed gr at river f tra eJ . ;vhcre ;vater and gra ~ terminated. it i~, in :fi . c , a mall stream of rto con-e- ro ing a low pur, \Vhicb bordered the q uence, no only belo\v the ~ i rra evada cr e]t . \ e ~d c nded to a kind of ]Jlain bu actually belo\v the ' ... t n ; king amona the lo\ r pur-s · the de. ert bein in ~ ri:e \i i 1in half a deuree of he ocean, full ie on our lett appar ntly ill in1i ~le,

runn"ng parallel to i for abou t\VO de ree , hot rni~, lay over it to-day, ·hr u h \vhrch and then falling into the acific near on- ·t had a 'hit . nd gli teni ng pp r nee; ef'e . '"1 he e i~ no opening from he ba of here an he, e a fe -g dry-looking buttes n~d

~ n ranci-co into he interior of he coni- ·solated b1acl{ "due r ""e -uddenly up n ~~ .. nent. ' he t\vo ri -ers \Vhich O\V ·n o i are 'There=, aid onr uide, tr tc 1in out h1

omparati ely short and not perpen icular hand to\var • it, there are he gr ·tt llano ...-rs. e coa~ bu lat-eral to it and having (plain ) . no 7lay arrua • no hay :acate uada. th ir head:- towards o~egon and outhern al- there i neither '''ater nor gralo:J ~ nothin II

'£ r ia. hey open line- of communication every animal that goe out upon them, tlic..::." nor I and south, and not e ~t\\m.~dly .. and _t \Va indeed di-maJ o look upon and hard.to th ~ thi :vant of interior communication concei\re o great a change in o ~hart o. dt -

om the n Francisco bay no\; fully a - ance. ne t ight ra rei tbe i\torld O\'er, ertained, ives reat addi ional alue to the "'itbout tindinu a vaUey mo~e fre b and v~r-olumbia hich tand~ a 01 e · the only dant mo~e floral and y van mor 'I re

- ... e t i rer on he acific lope of our con i.. ~, ·th bi and ani m I more · oun eon ly n l t ~ tich lead from e can the \ .. ate ed tl a e had left in the · n Jo .. .;L'"'""ck mounta·n and open a lin of com- quin: he e 'fVithin a ~ Y n1i es' ride a ""·c" ~ ..... ni_ a. io~ fl 01 tl e e to e vaHev of 1e desert plain p ad b Fl re u , fvom vhich l e --1 1 1pp1. bolde t ·raveller t ne a a in d pair.

• our ompane s joined ou g id a ·he i ctly in fro, nt o u . ut orne di t nc · to p · ~ ..... and t o oina bac oon, the ot er he outh vard and runnin ou ·n an ea t· c nti~ue on in compan_ . e c nding fl om , erly dirac ion from he mouu ain tretche '

e d . , e :r ached a ou ltly of fin r _ a i rra ha in at h ern nd (p rbap -here 1e er ·um icutarium fin Jy j ap- i1e i an) om .. n \VY on t:Ja.re . i i ' pl ce o. nn e llent qt ality 7hic , by I .. fo n ti 1 of our "de, no

of bunch . Pa 1~ • some pring~ Ji te 11 l e . 7bere e~ a a 1ch ~ar _ of · u c ale de made a

amon groy of ! e blac,... a e ue a p a nc · and it va impour..::J o er a plru on htc . e . u~de t . 'oid re ec ina pon our i · n _ nd ~ f!1• a pot "1ere a e uuee b 1 tlan "an 1 o ·iti n ·n tl i m oiit " 1tbtn

een illed b_ a pa ty of old" r hich had · ~·o de re o be cific · o • n • lr dy une ·~ctedly pe~e ra ed in the n_ountau1 • fa out 1 of it e of ... or ter y; n d

o- ang o ~ 1~ and . et.;;c 1 1ng oJ.. still orce on outh by ad er on one I~ ned .ow he a pran gu e on , 1e rer and a moun n r n e on 1e other · g ud_ struc • by. he u en appeara e of y'l.tCCa b. a civ"lized ndi n at ended y t ' ~aid trees, 1ch "e a t;ran e an o ern one m the i n a · a hinoo ffom t 1; char.acter tJQ he conn an _ j e ·ell olumbia · nd oo o ;vn mi ~ ure of men· ¥ith Je dry and de_ert i gion --e er-e ap- can F ench rm n a 1 rme • our or

proaehin . ociated "itb the idea of ar five ]an e he ~ at once ; aOO\'e a ~1un· n s, their t"ff an ng1acef orm dr-ed ofl-e nd . e

1 half ··ld; Ao:wer&taD.t

_ .. em to the traveller lie m t epul· panish and ndian res es and equ1plllent1

159

interLningled such \\'a our compo-itiou. , • •an Buenarentur,a come .... in. ' he 1 ke i Our mar h \\as a ort ofproce r-ion. out about 1 ,~00 rard in diarneter · ~urrounded he d, and on the flank ... : a r nt · nd rear on .. the mar in b.' a '·hit ~ alty borde~,

divi ion ; tbe pack anim 1 baagaae anJ ~ rluch~ by the meU, r 1ninded u'"' li b ly 0 horu ~d cattle in the centte Yo and' the \\'hole ake b rt. 1.k re ar orne cott n ,...,.,. ""...,• t etch ina a quarter of a mil along our '' ith riU ' nd ld r4 ar und he Ia --e .. an

dreary path. In thi form \\1e journ ed • the \ o.ter L.. a ittl alt altl ouah ot n-lool-in~r ~ore a. if \Ve belona?d to ia th n tirel r lliJ it. for drin ·ill .. J ere \V turn to the u 111 ed tate of Ameraca. directl to the e ~t\ ard I on the trail,

e continued in a utherly dir ction rbich; fr m bein_ eld n1 1 ed i _ Jm t acros- the pl in, to \\ hich, a ''"'eH a- to al in1perceptibl ; and fl r · , Hn e\v the country ~o far as \\·A could -ee the Yllc.. 1nile~ ur u ·de halted: and p in in the ca tree ave a trange and siu u]ar cha- bard~ vi'"'ibJe trail qu · s ca1ni1 = · d acter. everal new plantr._- appeared! amon !1 : no se Jier.de · m 1·e. J in _

1vhich \'a a zygophyllac ou hrub ( y.cr d o 1t a bla "'k bulle on tl e pl in at b o t phyllu1n alfornicunz Torr. and rean.), of the mountain, \Vhelie \Ve \vou1d find ~ater ometime ten feet in hei ht; in forrn: and to encan1p at ni ht · a.nd, i\rjng him a }re-.

in tl e pi iancy of i - br _ ncbe , it i-..; r.ather a nt of kni · s a uJ carl t c1oth!t ' "e o .. grace fr 11 plan . I · leave a11e mall, cover- hand and p r d. . bore oif outh and in ed \Vith a re""inou ·ub~tance '" and 1 ar i tt- a da~' r "de ould nrrh;'e at an 1, roan o arl_, ,~ he11 brui~ d and ru~hed e .. J ale a o e of e ·e l 1 i~ ion~ in tl i..., p· rt f li-in uJ· r but 'ery ag~eeabl and efr ~lin a , forni 7h re the o 1 try i:l .... o bea ti I a

...... or. Thi hrul and the yucca \rith man , it i c n~i ered a p di~e an , e a11 o arie ie of cac n m ke the characteri~tic it principal to\ n (P1.tebla de lo naele~) eatur ·~ in tbe \ e tation for a long di tance i\ ould make it angelic. continu d on

th ea t\va~d. Along- the · foot of the hrough a lcce-... ion of · He} , a 1 came mo nt" in t\ven y 1 ile to the 8outb\ ·alid ~nto a 1nost beauti ul p t o o\ve e d--: ed ~tripe of flo\ver. \\-erl ri ible dnri 1 the n tead of reeul he hill ern purple and

mornin!!, ~,hich :\·e .... upp ~ed to \"at·ie- orange ~·it 1 bf, ·en b db ~nto v icb gated and stone~. e e rnp" dly durine- acb olor \ ra5 parately , ·I ered. a e he dRy, l nd i b a t rn on en1er e fron1 tra ~· co or, '·i 1t a brjght y 1 O\\~ h ic 1 . he yucca fore~ at the foot of an outlier of red orange of th ppy 1 iualed 7i 1 field-the ; ierra b ore u~, and came amon the of p rpl o\· r the sp t \vith a flo fields of fto\Ye ~ \ · had en · n tb 1norn- l a t .. n n te b rder of he ~ nd d -

.;1

jn , '\\·hich on,..i~ted principally of tl e rich rt- .... eeme o ·n i the rn ·eller to o o ornuge-color~d 'ali ernian p · 'PPY mio 1 d fa ther. idi1 o al a throu I p fumed '..-rrith other -O\Vier- of brighter int~. ach- air ~e ... n r ntere · a de Je o, r-"' ng he op of be pur rhich wa .... co ·e ed· ro r:n ith l e min u arte11zi st

'ith fine bunch r ' and \Vllere tbe hil tala, i\']licl conducted u inb a c nd r I i rere \'ery reen our guide point-ed to a co ·e -ed molie or le..., dent.; ly \•.rith fo~ of mall hollo\v in the mo tntain before - YlLCca ..

.. n , ' a e te piedra hay acr t • : lie pp ar- Ha Yin rr no\ .. the no 7 j e on our .. I •

d to kno\v e ery no k in h co In try. _ · e \ re con tin e nr -a~ to :\' r · a I .. btctte. o tinued ur b autiful r ad, a d r ach d a . belon ·nf!! a lo · i ra i e I· in an pring in h e-. ope at the fi ot of I e rid .. ' 1icl r u·de ha pointe r a d-unntn in a gr en rn. rine amon mni nar .... ..l te in the ,av e f: mirar trJiowlh

er · her~ ni bt- hade, and b r er o of cotton o . a line .. of \\l ich · .. 'lb e uck ;v t. i h heir bite blo om- round head, indicaied ur app ach to reek e r ni .. oc \..... attrnete . our no ice a - bich ':re acb ~her he \\i"S.ter "' res

m iHar pl _ . . , ral nt I p er een out in o a little be O\V n - en"' mo r h hiU nd ~om lar re har .. J en f rel ~.. ere ou uid I d i ten ed i\re

'er eiJ ck thi. e ·en a 1 e c 1 of a hould e the I ia t; b t h re · t a il m I · l1able pack, hich had bl de of ra_ . : hoping t fin e rer e

.,... na e ( the .. · fi q en ly do) bide n n · 1 a H tie fi r the I igh . 1\re u ne n t If al n e road. the ~eatn. hundred a.r a e

v o . ·ati n I t"t tde o, camp fo od the - a fine tream: sixteen feet - 3- ' ' · and longitu I - 0' 00 '· '~de ;\:i h ri£t c r.rent. .. d r p nig t

,._h ,. ne. ·t d· y e m n e u n d i 1 t e o erto ... be11 e reached the hiiJs at ...... , __ "'e. the foot o l e rid e and ·e ·ere ob ieted

prit 7. C o w DO' 1e r·d b a beau- to encamp vi ho as .. ..-in up .b-... ·rul pa of hollo .. : her e em) dee imals ;ve eoul . ecure an he da . . e~c:. ro ·e ou of he hickets e emer ed at a 1e rea er part Ol the ~··ld one ba ·n ree

-~-· ..... n al lake in a allon lying early east r nge for the ni ht. Here be t eam was an ·e~~ _ ere t ail rom the m· ion of o feet ee it and cle r · ing from

0

neigltboring no\\,. pea ~. fe\v mile be-fore rea. hing thi creek, \Ve had c~o'"· ed a ln~oad dry river bed \vhicb 1earer the hills the bunter had fotn d a bold an handsome str am.

pril l . orne par·· e.:; \\·ere e)\,aaged in ntin up the cat red hor~e : and other

in ear 'bing £ r gra '"' abov · both \Ve~e n c ... -f 1l= and late in the da .. 7 v. e encamped

atnonrr orne prina head of 1e ri ·er, in a hollo\V ' hich \\·a O\ ered ith only tolera-1 r ood gra e ' the 0\\rer g r und beinrr en­

tit lv overrrro\vn \ ·ith lar e bunche of the .. c ar .... e iff g ra (ca~ex .--itchen .. is) .

1 :r Ia i nde b · ob erv tion \Va 3 ° 27' .. 0 11 · and longitude 117° 13' ''·

Travellin I along h 1nou1 tai11, \\' foH \ved up, "n he a te rnoon of I e 1 h ano I er "'tream in hope to find a pa ch i ,..e hat of the previ u a r but w r deae · \7e · xcept 1ne ca t red but ch

~, her va n bing bu rock and au · and '"en he fi r ilit r of be m unta · n m-f} i\'itl1ered bv the air of tl de .. ert. m nu .. tb fe • tr e .. "·aw the n ~ t pine ( inus mon JJhylltt ).

nr road the next tla) \Va till ·Jl an ea ..... •erl V ( irection al DO" the rid 0 er r r T ...

ad tm el ina oun broken a co found-•

d. \Vith ripple ree- and 1 rub ; and ~ a er a difficult marcb of i h e11 mil a

eneral bout a1 unced tbat \ e bad s rue ... he ea obj ct of our each THE P n~n

TRAIL l\rhich her ~a r nn · ng di ec y ... ..,rth. The r d i ~ ]f. au .. cource ver

.J ..... , 1aUy) appy i ver·e'W to . ince he mi d e f ecemb r . re ha. con inuall ., n or e - u h by moun ain d by de er , n no v ·ou d ha ·e to rna ~ i. e.Q"ree

~

o 11or ~ ·1 re ain tb titu e on \ll ich 1e ' "'""hed c~o ~ ·be tocky mountain ....

The ou e of e r · ere Oli w ~ ha anted · nd.. once 1n re 'e u lt ik " .,

,.,..:,.,· home 11 r • ravel on .. an nht. ou """ r ul c n# ... I -

• :1 .......... ~ to njoyed t~'"" el ~' -. iev .

[

people 'vho had pas~ed over thi trail ;ve had been able to obtain no correct information ab ut it· and the greater p rt of ~'hat \Ve

had heard \\Ta fo und to be only a ti u of fal~ehood . The ri\l'er that \Ve found on it were never mentioned: and otber ... , particular-y de;::,cribed in na;,, e an loc litJr "er ., ub-eq . entl}r seen in another pa t of the cou1 -

try. t ra S~ -cri bed a a letably oo ~andy oad ritb o little rock a .. carce y to require th a imals t b l1 d · and '" ~ und ·t the r u h and roc ~ ·e t road \ve had ever een in the country, and 'vhich nearly de· ~troyed our band of fine mu e and hor-e-. iany anirnal a~e de~ troy d on it v ·ry year

by a d i ea'""'e called tbe fo t e\7il · and a tra-eller h ld never \'enture on it ritb ut

~1a ing hi animal,.. \veil I od at d a)~o carry­n£r .. ~tra bo ..

...... atit ~e 0 3 ' 11 " ; and ong"t 1dt! . '1 13' oon.

The mornin of the _ d ~a cl a1d bri ht, nd a D0\1 y p ak ·o t 1t 1\ rd ub n o t hi _h and ha_ply fin d. I a b en u ual inc rv cro .. ~ d hem 1nt~~il · au d ·cen ed "ot t 1 hot pl in hod

a e f \ . od. e t:ra\·ell d do~ rn he 1.. ht b· 11 r of th ctr am over n \Vhicf t; ~n om \ rhat loo~e at d ha 7e no rer ur b t re occupi by ra iou::: bru . cl at

bold treatn 0 feet :\'i ,e, and e \1 • I e· d ep, had a ... tr nge a ppeara . , L nnin le-

\ 1een perfi ctl y nako b· k of and. 'I he re, ho\\ ever, i... some\vl at relie :re . by vi[ ..

loY{ and U e be uti 1 ~een of tbe \ eet cotton\ · o · th '\\' b · c j .. -.vell ., d d ..

e folio\ e · alon_ · t- cour-e the ri er ln'""tead o · aro\vinu con tantl r lar er c u-·= -a l_ d vindl a\vay a ·t ab orb b_r

e and. rer J Oi e[l l k he ol catnping pl ce ... of annual ~ n e c ra ' o :vhic1 l1 k ·1 for t 1 a ot t ma-de t eir lr p· '"" a e. d . ve of -'eral I nd 1n le 1VO d n ·

ire l y ,-. ..,..--

ou iVil mul ~ i nee or e, n i1 fifl n mile il n rtb ~ terl 0 d

•v .•,a.....Ji e a e ri ·er tim re ;vi 1 old n rn m . t r re .• y ... ,..

illo v h ,. .. e fou d a y ob~ r ion, t 1e le · f o bl • h nim I c mpme t i .., ... 5

~e I t few day , r 3. h · J d ttl! 1

11 e./t day o aUo T m be i e .. l i h .. c 1 1norn· e ece~.;ary e e · and · no · n , enf e r di app a . e c n 1nu eel

e ... a a e ry orable pace o make DD' e rv in ic after an in n l it e 1a . t een u.... an · 1e olorado o ab t ... i1 .. , he a er rea pe c · n ·,·er r · r a ;v ~e tha e co n r · a e ?... ome lo 1 ti · r~ ., .. h ton·

en·

tteme y poor in gra and ce for er, ~ood n vhere ;va. another o be here being man j rnada ( a ' .... jo rney) c toma , mpin oun .. elle a ·arty

or long str,etc of orcy- t i _ mile.:, ;vi • o ix 1 i me .11 camp .. p or and n-o t where the road · marked by • and q i · -e pina r·th the character

>nE~s of a.ni~a . the co n ry. he·c arm ere bows of m forana e met · nn ual e , nd e c 1 1a large go'ta&

..

•

I T 61 • • •

trenr.rthened \\·itb me he f cord in \ rhich top he lo,ver b~an he e linin · to\vanls he carrit'd \V ter. They pro\'ed to I h the rl'ro and. It after\ ard .... oc urr d of m ler

ohahve Indian mentioned by our e ize, ·~~ u ntl..r in o nd i v ry m-uide · and from one of tbem '\ ho ... p e g nt. 1 ha be n cnll d y r .. ' orr. y pa.ni h fluentl r, I obtained me intere-..tina ·~olobiu1n od he z · oplirllac o, .........

·nrorrnation, \Vh. c uld be 1a 0 intro- I lrub ha n tant.J r ar, c ri tic f uce here. n accouu \" be people h1ha- th plain al n.,. he ri er: n re mon

bitinD' thi: ...,eaion 'ronld unr0 bted~y p e .. many 1e r pi _ntJ a ne ~rand 'e:ry rem rka-int re t for the c ·v·lized ~rorl '. n journ y ble p c·e .. o erioaon 1m ~ ri ronum 'njltJ­hcmeward ; ruitfnl in ·n~iden · and th tum 'l,orr. • rein.) ma · r t apJ r­country throu h which \ve tra eUed~ althougJ• an, . a de~e t afforded rn h to el,.cit he curio i- ur c.1.t le ha become o ir nd poor ty at the botaoi. t · but limite · time and tl_e by tbi fi fg 1in tra , lHn that 111 of rapidly aclr ncing ea on ~ r active opera- them ver-e kiUe her · an. he m a dried. ion'"', obl i e me to omit a 1 extended de~crdp- The Indian J ad no\\. an occ ion !Cor a r at ion~ an · burry briefly o e concl ion of · fea... and ~r re occupi d he re a ·nd r f bi report. tb d y and alJ be ni ht in ~oo iu nd a ..

The nd ian \ ho s panL.h had b en in . h r ~a n · t of d e n · ,n I or ed llcated for a number of rea~ at one of he \\~ 1ich t 1 did no fin orne u e. e "C pt e

pani 11 mi '"''"'ion ancJ a th br al'"i g 1p o · bone . In t1 e afterno n \\7e 'ere urpri e t o ... e e-ta Ji,hmen ,, had rue tl e , b the "ud en pea ance ·n the c rn o ~ 'O

mountain..= \\'here he had b e · ~o 1nd b. a e "i an a 1nan and a , y. Tbe n o arty of t ohah e (i-"ometime caH d he man \Va ndr,eas nt • d · o ·

_haba) Indian~ amon" ~1 om he bad he boy (a hand...,ome lad, l 'ear old) a-ince re~ided. blo R nande ... ·. The) b Jon d to . arty

He poke of the leader of be pre ent pa - consh;tinrr of ix per on. he reru inina fi ur as 111i amo , (my rn ter). e aid hey being the. nrife of Fuente~, n. d - ~ e f ther

hved upon a 1 r e ri\;·er in e outheast an · mother of · blo1 and ti~ o ·acome •lhicl the ' Jdier called Je R·o olora- re id_nt of Te r exico. T"tb a ·a)-

do ;.' but th t formerly · portion of tl~etn cade of a u t 1. rt r or< e , t ey 1 come lived up n thi rhrer, and amona he mo n- out front oebla de o_. gele._ e ,r e . in \ hich I ad bounded he iver ra e\r t coa~t Ut d r I e ·dance of .-com in the north vard d rin the day a d L at }jere • ''ance of he re t cam n " o

lonO' the ri 'er he y had ra1sed ' rion kind tra ·el nore a lei u e nd ob a in lhl"'r:'l"2~ . f n1elono. ' hey ometime me over. to a inD' a ·an(.le . far Jnto · e a~e:~er

tmde \Vith tlte ndia.tlv oft 1e ierra, br· ain_ a con id ~ eon i ·t nt 'th ir a et ·th them bla pets and oo ~ tnanufact fied the balte he ~rl ilelle, one of he cu~-

•

by the ionq i ~nd otl er Coloradn Indi n-. tomar., m ir rr round . ut. 0 m.: ... , .. I>J

Ther.: r,arel}' c rried home bor-e , on account frotn ou encc; rn .. re ther a p of die difficult_r of ge in tb m ac11o the of o er ~ · I nfficie .. · ~-~IL .. _'Yo

e ert, aud of uardio them after ar ~ 01 clud to "a t I er the r 1 ' ~1 o rom th a-utah n ia l \rho inhabit he reat e -eral dia n ·ej·m a he bead of the o · irraen (ri rer di cove~e lurk~ g abo t e c mp · o · f the ·r in.) ~ a.! o t ., afte~. a 1e in an , after .. -

_e in~ r e u ha , ort · ... tance be- n1 1n rer fr1endJ.. er : . h r ow thi i r n( lly · app e . Tb ~,.o le v~ ·itbo a ·a en·nu an_'" ~ pzc1 ~ • ifferent porti n in \\rhich ~a er ·~ fo nd ad Their p r e t a ecurJl~. IC eci ve fror the prie. t ~o d"ffer-ent lame.. . p~o~,re tal. In fe - d r a ter\Vard d-

nd u eq ently healid it called b _ the enly a of abon ne hundre dia . p niard- h · de la , · ma but on e appeare iabt, d an ·n toVt"' he

map \re h . 'e c _lie it 1e _foh h o ri er. c mp. t ·a oo Ia e, . the - no pr ·z ~ . e continued down he ream to ave p~ ence of run o . ·e ro

( r ratb r · ed) or a o t _ei h · mile... mea ure of fi •y · and e ndtan .. , c r ed e~ t ere , a r fU in evern bo e.w do rvn .. to h · camp hou ing e ad-. . . .,.

d ncamp d.. Tl e ca a ns ometime anced, n : · . c ar 1n tJY 1ft 01

Junf1 ue belo -.. to the en o 1e r· er fr m P lo n uen•e... \T re n or e "r'''la ·h. c there . rery lon J. nada of ~- the ·m oun e cconr .. _e

· · · I o e untr -. ne o t e tD · ·~P'"' 1xt_.. m e. , ~ 1 ho t , er. ere en , om · ·rtl1111.-

in0 Ia nd ne\ p cie f c eia, •lit . pi- pal b"ec of e In i n o et o or eed es .... e m d .. :fi ~ pp r- .j n f th bo ~e a of em im -

nne· ecornin hencefilr 'aJid, for a c nAJ·- di telv rrou de he n ~ bnt, .. n abe i-er b e i n , c 1 teri tic tree. ence ~ be b u of i coLne. ue1 L s. rove

1ere c . _l tively u. e, e· g aboll he anim ~er and h e a1~-~ t;t ~ n eigl t, '"th · Ull and sprea ·n "n ti ite o ' e1r ro\\-s · doni~

•

162

rest to their fate, carried then1 off at speed curred requently hencefor\vard along our aero'""' the plain. ....no\ving that they \vould Toad .. be par-ued by the India~ .. : 'vithout making Beyond the first ridge, our ~oad bor·e ~lit· any halt except to ~hift their ~addles to other tle to the ea tot r ortb to\vard5 a gap m a hor e::, thev dro 'e them on for about si ~ ~ " htgher line of mountains· and, after tra 'el­mile , and thi morning l- ft them at a \Vater- ling about t\venty-five n1ile.::, \Ve arrived at ·ng place on the trail, called gua de To- the gua de 1lornaso the spPinCT 'vhere the ma o. ' ithout gi'- ing themselves any tin1e horye- bad been left· bnt, as 've expected, for re t they hurried on hopin~ to meet the they \Vere gone. A brief examination of the • pani h Caravan \vhen tbt'y d iscoveved tny ro nd con inced ll,:, that thev had been camp. I received them kindly, taklng thern riven off by the ndian . · ar on and into my O\VD tnes and promi ed tbe1n uch Godey volunteered ith the Mexican to pur­aid a circnm~tance- n1ight put it in ffi}' ue them· and \Vell moun ed, he three set po'"·er to gi\'e.. off on the traiL t thi ctopping place ther

.~,._pril 25. ' ~ e left be ri Ter ·abruptly and ':\'e e a few b tshes and \ ery· little gra s. Its turning to the north regained in a fe V mi]e \Vater \\'a a pool· but near by \\'a fl. upring~ he main trail (J.vhich l1ad left the river ""ooner \Vhich 1ad been dug out by ndians or trav-

than our el\·e ), and continued ur 'ay eller.... Its \Vater'' a'"' cool .a. «rea.t refresh-acros a lo\ er ridge of tl1e 1nountain through ment to u under a burnin :r nn. a mi erab1e tract of sand and gravel. ;e In the e\'enin Fuente returned hi hor~e cr ed at intervals the broad bed of dry haling failed; bu arson and odt.y had gullies \vhere in the sea on of rain- and contiu uefl be pursn it. melting now- there \Vould be brook or rivu- I observed o-niah an ocot ltatio11 of a-let · and at one of he~e where there "a · anc i at the dark litnb of the rnoon, w ich no indication of wate , \·ere ..__e e al freo:hl}r- gi 'e. for th longttude of the pla·c 116 ~3 ' dua hole ... .. in \vhich there ~a water at the lhe latitude bv·ob. en~ f on i · 35° 13'

epth of two £ et. The e holes l1ad been 0 ''· Frotn IIelvetia to thi place . th o i­dug by the\ ·olves- \VhO'""e keen ~en .... e of 1nell fon .... long the i XterrHning line are )aid do ll

a cented the wa er under the d y and. \Vith he longitude obtained from the l1ro-1 ...... 11ey ·ere · ce little .,ell-- 1~ rro\ ', and d g notneter :vb ich appears to have tetained it stra· ht do' 'D and :\'e go pleasat t ll rater T te re1na-rkabJy \Vell j but henc.eforward, to out of _hem. the end of the journe.T= the }e\\T longitude

TJ e countr had no\,. ,_.umed the cha- iven e ab olute depending pon a ubu~ meter of an e]e t I and r 1ountainou~ de- qu nt occultation and eclip es o .. tbe a el~ s r i aeneral feature b in black oc ·y htew. ridge-, b ld, and de-titu of tilnb r ' · ·it11 In tt e a~terno n of the next day a \var~ ·-~ .... ndy ba-in" between. rh re th~e ides of \vhoop va<!' eard ucl1 a Iodi· n~ make - .. ece ridge- a~e •la hed by g He~ the plain \\1hen retu nin £rom a vic riou enterpr · ..,e · .......... lo ,r ar.~ trey; d ~itb b of lar e p bble and oon 'ar on an odey appear-ed: driv- ·

r rol ed tone , de true i e o our oft-footed ina before t em a band of horse~ ~ecognized. nimal"' ac u torned to he gr y lain by ent to part of those they bad ]o t.

o the acramen o ·alle.r. Th ough he e 'rwo bl y wcalp dan!!ling ~ m he end of ndy ba~ill:-. om ime- ~tru uled a cant odey nn .. announced that tl ey ad o "er-

t~eain or occ rret a _lole f ratn.r w 1i b taken tl1e ndian a... ;vell a the o ~ e . u ni h d C" mpin - und for -raveU o.. They inforn1ed u... that aft.er en ~ left req en 1 .. r in o r · o 1mey acf ~- . noi,. · hem from e failure of hii;;J hor""e he on-

. · ible on he arro n in mountain · but inued the pnr it alone, and \Vard~ ni ht-ei ater r rei reac e ·e ~andy pla"n fall n re no1 nt: in , i 1to hi h he

eloiv· he e e oile · loug ppr s_ d "i h . 1n t the 11 aa re li h , · t and a burnin ... un. Bu h 1 hou he mil b r mo n hine

--~· nakedne 0 I d and m el, ere many in 1e i ht l • ntere · a ar-beautitiul pt n n flo ering hru -. ~Vh. ch . ~ efil nd d. · c · J \V. frai occurred in man · ne · .... pecies and r-lith of lo.:ina i · n the ark of h · efiL ey grea er 'iarie han re ]1a b en a Cl tom- ti p 1eir I Of "'e · l' Ck DO ay ed o ee in the m .... t l _ruriant rairie ooun- o rn to eep in il nee an n ar Y' e . ries t i~ was a peculiar" .. - o.. hi devert. · Her I ey y rom m· dni I ·n m rning ..

Even whe:fje no grass \VO ld take oot the _ t dayli ht 1ey re._ nmed th pur uit an · aked and would bloom with ome rich and a ut un i e di cov re be or e ; an-~

nre fto er hich found its ppropriate home immediate I 7 i monnti u and yin up heir in the arid and ba en pot. own they cr p· cantiousl' o a rising gf,o,-~ . attered over he lain and tolerab y h. ch intervened, rom be ere t of :vhic abnndan \\r:;t a andsome leguminous brub., they percei ·ed ""he encan1pment of fonr od tllree or four eet high 'jth fine bright-pur- c e by. They pr ceeded quiet y, an~ hitlo

flowers. It is a new psOI"ialea and oc- gof Within thirty vr forty yards of tberr

•

• I

jeet, wl1en a movement among th hotwe .. no\v. I r peat : i :-.ras ar n and y di ·covelied tl em to the ndiaos · iving the ~Jho did hi~ h forn1 r an _ m r ·c n m

ar bon hey ""n tantly charge into the "n thl on""IiC.. unt f . owuOUri" IIL~.&.a\ .. , ... t • camp, egardle of tbe n tmber \ hich the er ~r ,nchn1an b r in ....... "" ....... ::s·-=-4Juuu four lodge \Vould itnply. The Indian re- b tb trained to ... rn nterpri~'"' cei ed :t e1n ritJ a tliaht of ar O\\' sho" life. rom their long bo\ · .. one of Nhich pa ed y tl j :~forma ion of through Goc!ey ~ hirt collar, ba~ ly 111i sin no\v to mak a Jon the neck · our nten tired tl1ei rifl upon a mile ac a J>1 ~n teady aim and rushed in. \ o n ian I d l1e n · ,~ibl am · · ye r urn-ere tr tched on the rrround atallr ie c d our jo rn ., h ii, 1e rn n ""th th

\vith bullet- · the e-t ed, except a Ja that I in 11tion of .. rn.veHi l" thr b I ht \Vas cap ured. T be calp of the i• 1 n nd a oidin I ce ... iv I t f 1 ~ere in tantly stripped off· bu 11 tl e pro- rhicb oppr ~ i r o ur an·m I .

ce... , one of thelll ;a.rbo bad t r\70 b n hrou h . e rem.l ho r~ n . 1 e c .. o:ss his body prun o his feet the bloo stream- plain pa"" in , a the oppo-.;i id , 1 u h ·ncr fron1 hiy skinned be, d and ut · rinu a a ca- on by t.h d f creek runnin hideou howl. n old qua , po~_.,ibly hi nofic.hu ardly into a maH I ·e mother ..;topped and looked ack rom tbe til of he1n i rr ry.. h · m: Inountain si e ... he :vas c.limbing, thr aten ·n moonwhin_r ni ll . an '• a . I j di•_" ' '~"'

nd larnentil)O", 'I he ri htful ectacle ap- to \Ta~d be n rth a ' Te • l1' n 1 d n ·'-u

a] led stout hear ~ f our n1er .. bu · tl1 }1 aero"' au op n plain be ;t.· en o n i id hat hurnanity re uired _ and quic ·1) ter- I i e · a on h left beina bro ~ n i .. . _

min ate the a on· e~ of t~he e-orv 7a«e. and bald ccord i l to lbe ir ~ m ·on f ~ -

Tbey \V re no"' m -ter'"' of the camp: 7hich ar-on and Gode , -ho bad e1 tered belie in vas -a prett}~ little . eces._ in the 1noun in . pur u ·t of he hor-e.... . The plain ear c, ... "­~ith a fine sprin , and appafently ~a Fe from rer d 11rin ipaU ., :1i h · e =!if1iOphyl utn ·-

aU inva .... ion. Great prep 'ations 1 ad been JO: nicu?n air d enti ue · an , e lin n1ade to feru t a large part.~ : for it \\a~ a \i ery of our r a · \V , 1 arked bJ' the iele n f

roper place for a rendez ous; and or the ho se ·bicb -,.,r :\'~ed a e n i era--celebration of 11ch orgrie~ a roblJer- of tb ble brea th O\ er he plain. e r fief< de ert \\rould delight in. e\1eral of tbe be t '~a d- a}\, a_rs \\"arned on nterin one of hor e had been rilled: kinn d~ and cut up · e e I no tre che ... , h} tJ e bone f the e for the Indian li\ ing in mountain . and only animals hich b d i be ~e tl ey cou.~'L.Ji.. comi.n into the plain to rob and m u~der ~· ch be . ·a er.. L id 1i ht \Ye a -nake n other u~e of hor ... e- han to en then1. d a coi 1dern Ie tr am b ·. no \' ry

Latge earthen ve~ el, were on the fi1·e, boilina di.'lc ar e · h ' .. er of tb ~ i ( e and~ te i 1 the l1o se beef; and everal ba~· it ollected a _ .. ) .. do \ 1 1. h ~,.eueetc~ ...... ~ ...... ,.,,"" · et'", con ·aining fifty or ix y pa ·r~ of mo~ca- in a 1wrth esle ly di~ecti n. ee in~. ·ndicated the pre-euce or e ·pe ta ·ton -ed r\7a o r ro\vn \Vlt~ brub ry, and 1se

-of a con iderable part .. hey relea .. ed be \rer;al hou for a t rou ht n~ the bov 1 o 1ad i en tron e\'idence of the ntranc of a can n ' 'r und .. to.~i n1 or ,ometl1ing elo;;e, of he vage and en a1np_ d. bi_ . or · charac er ·n comn1encin hi b~eakfast upon r tb pan1 d ·o 1 n1(1 efile or

bor c bead oon a 1e found 1e \\1a i a c e · or ri ·er .e · h oc. · 10t t ·il1ed but nl~r ·e a a prisoner. ir: clo ... e, and rna... n .r o Na r

·r bject accompli hed our men atbere . dlicul nd o1!en 1mpo tble o e nr1ss~~~ pall th Llf\'i i 1 bor es, fiE een "n . un1ber, n the mor nl . :ve ound tha "'e a

re,tum d p 11 their trail, an _ejoioed 1 a our ·ery p r ~n1p1n . ound = ramp_' camp ·n e fl rn on of the an1e day. hey al .. ~P ~~tth a 1 e l?nrr 1 • hol :om

ad r I out 100 rnile~ in be pur ui and gra ... ; a the a er: ;vh1cb o -~ 1n pr.~ -"'turn, ,nd all in t irt, our~. The time, lace, ing u etul onl_T to e e outh.

tije and number .: on ider d hi e .. e i- tirel o t:' It o dr n . - t oon ion of rcon nd · a · 1e con i e~ed nd an roc y and ~ 1 ton~ o orce

am on,. th bold t and.. mo • di~interested fhich ba not been able o d .::n p r hich t e annal of -e tern o.d \·enture.. ""O their li e . e to tar e

. uU of daring de d an pre~en . · ~0 ~en, onndJ at e dLt~nce of {e· h dre n a a m e e~ r pn u da 1 and n1 h an .,~.: among be hill~ o 1e o ..... ,~ nkno n b y of ndian into the defile of PfoJng of o_erably _ood "a e h c l

an u -no n mounta .. n a tack hetn on i ht: ehef ;o u ... el .. e ... · bu the ~lace a ?ithout coun in numbe and defea them to emain long, an ere or-e N"e on nn _

"n an in nt and or 1 a ? To puni~h I on iv mor~l ·n . . n the cree ­, ....... e robbe of he de ert and to a renge he et~ of ... trolobtum oiJlfratum ( .... ~

ong of .... e:x·cans Thom they did not bloom. nd very

•

Passing thrOUfYb tne canon, \Ve entered another ~andy b si n tl ro 1rrh \Vhich th d y etream bed contjnt ed its north\V ~er:~ ~cour ... e, in \\'hich directio1 . appeared a tigb

• SUO\\ v moun t a u1.

'II

• e travelled through a ba.rren di tr· c., \Vhere a heavy ~tlle wa blo\VI n 0' about. th lo l_e sand, and, aCter ·a ride f ight mile-·, reacheCJ a la.rP-"e creek of salt and bit­ter 'JVa e , runn·ng in ve-terly tlirec ion, to ecei ·e the trcam bed \\le bad left. I t i'· caUed by the p ni rd::; 1na gosa the bit­ter \Vater of the de ... ert. 'fV ere \ ·e true . i : the trea.m bend · ; and ~le on i nued in a. n rtherJy cour e up tb ravine of its \'alley, pa. r-- ·ng on tbe ay a ork fJX>m f e ri ht nP.· r \vhich occ rre , a bed of plan . , con-8i ing of a rernark ble ne~v gen s of cruci­fi rd!..

• r dually aycendjng the r 7 i 1 opened into a. reen alley \V here, at he foot of the mount . in \Vere ~pri nu of e. ~cell ut · ter. \ · e enc mp d atnon ro of t e ne\v acacia and there \va~ an b ndar ce of ood g r _ for I aui m, 1 .

'l,hi lVa the best campinu crrou d v, had een .. ince \ re struck tl e · pa.ni h trail. The

days journey va abo t\vel .. e rnile~. · pri.l _ . I o-day \Ve ha , o r ach he

Tichilette, istant even mile ... , \Vhere the exican part_1: l al b en attacke · and leav­

inr:r o tr enca npment early, \Ve tra rersed a . · rt of the de ... er ] the mo t \.Jteri e and e1 ul-i 'e th~ t \\Te had yet seen. It~ promi ent e·tnre::i ·ere a . ierra~ na ·ec; an d y.

on he plain a fa\ tracrglin hr b -arnon bern, e ctu o uev n L ·arieties. F llente pointe ou one cnH by 1e pa. -·ar s bi 1 t1A, ;vhic 1a juicy li ht-1 cid n i eate by the tra' Ier to a. 'I· y thi r t. · co r e \\ra ene llv north :

• an , au er cro~..;,ing an inteT ening rid \ e d seen e into a .. }" plc · 1: or J' in, in th

i die of ~ · ch t e _ y pot, Ni b i"'· ... t:prin ~ and ~1:illo~ bu .... h , rhich con .... ti-ate c· mpi plac in tb de~ r n ·

c e he cl "lette. The d Hence of 1 place ;va~ ominou · a cl, llopin -

pi ly np, \\1e ound onl . the co p of the t ~ men: e' rytt i el 01 e. h y

·ere , m tila a p .. e ce . ·"tl ar--0\\' .. em a ez ev· den ly , u t ru iVIth d r tion. e 1 · · a ' nee of th riJlo\ I lf- ace , ;vhich .... e red i~

famil , if h£ com out to m e r, and to p 1 e it rom t 1n. 1 e

of hi han s, an both his leer , h .. d e n c off. Gi come '''ho rva .... a lar n · r n ookinl7 mao in "none of the illo rv

._.a.tera pi ced .. ~· h an ~ .. Of tile omen no t.raee o ld be ou d. and it 'Na

ev ·~ent they ad been ca ied. oft' capti e. l1ttle ap-dog, wh· c had ton ed to Pa-

m ther,rema·ned ith e e d ie

rts.a •

and \Va ... frantic ,~.,ith joy a t seeing Pt blo · he, poor child, va- (jrantic ' vith grief; aud fill d the ai r \vith lamentation for his !'ather and mother. ... fi 11adre! i madre! ' s hi ince -ant cry. hen \\'e b he I . his pitiable iaht, and pictur d to on c~vc 1 1e fate of th~ \VO \VOnl n, carried off )V ... a\ra .. g ~ so bru al and ~ o I ath ome all cuinpunc­ti n fo tbe calpe -alive 'ndian c.ca ed; a 1d 'e rejoiced that a.r on and dey had be j)o

aiJle to give u~c~ul a t .. on to the e merican rn.b... who lie in \Yait to zraurder

and plunder t e i llnocent travel er .. · e \vere all too m 1cb afiected by l1e ad

fee lin a \Vhich the pl, ce in pir d, o ~erna iu an unn ce . a y moment. 'I he night \Ve

\Vere obli rred to p .. th re. arly it the morning ~re left it, havin fir t \Vritten a brief ccount of ~'h h d h· ppen d, an put it io the cleft or n. p ie plan d t j J rinu· that he appr ac~ in cariJ ,. n icht I rn th f: e oi their frie1 d . Jn cornm 1 nr J n of the eve1 \V a Ued th . place gua de 1 etn nde erna1 dez . priua. By b er-atiol , i lati n e \Va · 5 5 ' ~ ''.

1Jril 3 . e ontinned our j urney ,. d i ric i il~ r t tt a of he d y I f r ..

·-.rom the . .ndy in in hich ra th sprina, ' .. e enter d nothPr ba. in f l1 e ' • e char;. cter, surrounded e ery \I e by moun­tain . Be~ re u tr tel ed a hiah rang·e, ri ibrr still higher to be left, and terminafug · n a L. no\vy n1ountain.

fter a day .... marci of.... mil v, 1ve reach · ate 'ening he b d of a ream trom \V "ch tb \ 'ater h d di a~ppeared ; a little only rem iue ~ in bole... \ .. hich ~ P increa~ d by di gin ;

n about a mil , ve, the tre tn 1 tt ~ et et i ely sun · 'a I,; pre~ d out o er the ~and , · brdina a ittle \ ra er for th nir al..~. 'J he ~tream cam ' t o th monr in on he I ft, ery H htly ;vood d '" I c tt n d, ~·1 o , nd caci , · nd e d a I ·

an gr _ ·a ner rly a ... c rce . a r. plc t fVith h '\ 'Y y l o o ~l ... ( 'larU y ·nr " ·ifi Zia) occurre bund ntly t h 'a.l ~ rthe t t\ o y, a: er· "Oft

111!,2-um \V n ch· r t ri · pl· nt .

ay .. 'rhe i i ~ 1 1 · n o , rc a· ... ""' 1 a n . ' · I y · I ue

3 1e

· i b . ur roa . o r in~ ,,JO''J•tn ..... ~ 1 of rL u 1 in · Y. op •yllum alifornicu:n , bl 1 i 1 a ~ah

~ .... Jio fl ~ r, ri ic o tb ry ; a c eli ery a u n a , 'U..I

IC "'b blo m, ~ 1 ch · nderfllU ment t )i t o nt y.. 'e e camp'"''-£ ~~ .. • pr·n in pa ·, hich d bee tt i e of n ol . re ound e ·c ·l-en I t ·e y • .e r ter. d ...... , ....

o t the old prina, nd \Va e d ... 01 rte our nima .. , e 0111 in here · de ery i tly ;vi h the n t pine, ee a and

d rarf pecie o · o ; and lnoog t •