goal # 8 notes for wwi 1.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
Alliances Form Triple Alliance
(Central powers)
Triple entente
(Allied Powers) Germany Turkey (Ottoman Empire) Austria-Hungary
Britain France Russia
The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
BALKANS
Powder Keg of Europe Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia
– This infuriated the Serbs
Archduke Francis Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) is assassinated and Serbia is held responsible.
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
WESTERN FRONT
3 year stalemate Trench warfare
– Huge casualities – Example – Battle of Verdun – Germans lost
330,000 – took 11 months– By 1916 there were 2 million casualities
Verdun – February, 1916
Verdun – February, 1916
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
The Somme – July, 1916
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
EASTERN FRONT
Russians and Serbs VS Germans, Austrians and Turks
Millions died Germans had to fight on 2 fronts but they
began to freeze to death in Russia. Russia Pulls out because of Revolution
Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Salonika, Greece
Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
COLLAPSE OF EASTERN FRONT
With Russia out the Central Powers put all of their resources into western front.
Situation looks grave until Italy and the US join forces with the allies.
United States declares neutrality
Progressives– Safer factories to kill
them?
American Union Against Militarism
Immigrant nation is divided– Irish immigrants favored
Germany (free homeland from British)
Freedom of the Seas
Could trade non-military goods to both sides
Britain blockaded Germany– U.S. couldn’t sell to
Germany After forbidding U.S. to
sell cotton to Germany, it agreed to buy it to make up losses
U.S. loans to Allies equaled 2 billion, loans to Germany 27 million
Lives versus Money
U.S. was in greatest economic boom ever
German submarine policy threatened American lives
U Boat Threat
Traditional law– Required submarine surface– Warn target to stop– Send a boarding party to check
papers and cargo– Allow time for passengers to board
life boats Germany would sink ships without
checking cargo Germany agreed to not target U.S.
ships Issue was Americans on
belligerent nations ships Sec of State Byran wanted to tell
Americans not to travel in war zones
President Wilson said NO
German Submarine Warfare Germans had declared unrestricted sub warfare Lusitania is sunk – carrying 128 Americans –
1000 dead– Germans say the passenger ship is carrying
munitions – Brits deny– Ship sinks in under 20 minutes– Germans also sink the Sussex
The Sussex Pledge between U.S. and Germany
ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM
Secret message from Germany to Mexico– If Mexico allies with the Central Powers it
could gain New Mexico, Arizona and Texas• Land lost in 1848
**Telegram intercepted – Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany to “Make the World Safe for Democracy”
Doughboys deploy
Arrive in France in June 1917
2 million Americans will serve overseas
General Pershing is given command of the American Expeditionary Force
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
The AirplaneThe Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”
Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”
Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914