WELL INTERVENTION

Coiled Tubing

Introduction

Halliburton has recently expanded its software suite to carry out Coiled Tubing design and real-time data acquisition calculations. InSite® for Well Intervention software system has been designed, using Halliburton’s own Coiled Tubing experience and testing to produce a tool superior to any available commercially for this application.

Since this new software is built upon the InSite platform used throughout the different Halliburton product lines, Halliburton can make full use of the InSite Anywhere® system for remote viewing of the real-time data gathered during higher profile operations. This data can then be viewed from any Internet-connected device, including some smart phones to enable key personnel to watch and make decisions in real-time without actually being on location.

Coiled Tubing Job Design using InSite® for Well Intervention

With wells becoming deeper, more highly deviated, and overall more complex, the need for accurate Coiled Tubing design and analysis is becoming more critical. Hydraulics and mechanical forces can now be analyzed in greater detail prior to any operation to help ensure the likelihood of a successful job.

Forces and StressesThe InSite® for Well Intervention Design Forces Module is used to model Coiled Tubing deployment, with or without tools, into and ut of a well, using an accurate representation of the wellbore.

InSite® for Well Intervention Coiled Tubing Job Design and Data AcquisitionEnables Coiled Tubing job design, data acquisition, and remote viewing of real-time data

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The program analyzes the cumulative forces acting at a particular stage of the job and determines whether the target depth can be reached, specified tasks performed, and equipment retrieved to surface. This module can be used to simulate any Coiled Tubing operation such as:

• Logging(open-holeandcased-hole)

• Perforating

• Fishing

• Drilling

• Extended-reachapplications

• High-pressureapplications

WELL INTERVENTION

Multiple Case ComparisonsAnadvancedfeatureoftheInSite®forWellInterventiondesignanalysisistheabilitytocompareseveraldifferentcaseseasilyduringasingledesign.Forinstance,tofindoutwhichCoiledTubingstringismostsuitableforaparticularapplication,thetypesoftubingcanbecomparedontheoneoutputgraph,enablingdecisionstobemadequicklyandeasily.Thesecomparisonscanbemadebasedonanyinputparameter.Thefollowingscreenshotsshowanexampleofdifferentstringcomparisonsforasinglewell.

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ThefollowingscreenshotsshowexampleoutputsthatcanbeobtainedveryquicklytoenableanalysisoftheforcespresentduringaCoiledTubingoperation.

Coiled Tubing and Well HydraulicsInSite®forWellInterventionhasthecapabilityofaccuratelymodelingfluidhydraulicsintheCoiledTubingandwellbore.Fluidflowisinfluencedbyseveralconditions(includingstringandwellboregeometry,fluidproperties,pumprate,measureddepth,chokepressure,andreservoirproperties),andslightchangesmayhaveminimalordramaticimpactsonthepotentialsuccessofajob.

ThehydraulicssimulationsinInSite®forWellInterventionusetheHalliburtonMaterialLibrarydatabaseandcalculations,whicharebasedonempiricaldatagatheredfromHalliburton’sgreatwealthofdrillingfluids,cementing,stimulation,andfracturingexperience.Extensivetesting,usingfluidsandproppantsinCoiledTubing,havealsobeendonetocomplementthisexperience.

Advancedenergy-balancingcalculationsinthemodelincludesfrictionalheatingduetofluidflow,heattransferbetweenformationandwellbore,heattransferbetweenannulusandtubing,andheattransferwithinthetubingandannulusalongthedirectionofflow.Fluidsaretrackedastheymovethroughthesystemwithpressuresandtemperaturebeingcalculatedanddisplayedthroughoutthewellbore.

WELL INTERVENTION

Stage Table DesignAnotheradvancedfeatureoftheInSite®forWellInterventiondesignsoftwareistheabilitytoaddthedimensionoftime.Thisfeatureenableshydraulicsandmechanicsforacompletejobtobecalculatedsimultaneouslywithanyparameterchartedagainsttime.Usingthefeature,youcanseemaximumCoiledTubingstresses(onsurfaceanddownhole)duringtheentireoperation.Thiscanbedonemoreaccuratelyasthehydraulicschangethroughoutthejobasdefinedbytheuserinputs.Pressurescanbepredictedatanylocation(suchasthechokeorwellreservoir)throughoutthejobandinputdataadjustedtooptimizethejobperformance.Volumesandtimesfordifferentoperationsarecalculatedautomaticallytoaidjobplanning.

TheoutputparameterscanalsobeexpressedinaDepthBasedplottoobservethedownholeparametersduringtheproposedoperationasshownbelow.

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TheInSite®forWellInterventionhydraulicsdesignmodulecombineshydrauliccalculationswithapowerfulgraphicalinterfacetoenabletheusertopredictflowratesandpressuresatanystageofaCoiledTubingjob.Aswiththeforcesmodel,comparisonscanbemade,usingdifferentparameters(e.g.,differentpumpratesorCoiledTubingstrings)inasinglejobtoenablequickandcleardecisionstobemade.

Thefollowingscreenshotshowsanexampleofsomeofthehydraulicsoutputthatcanbeobtainedquicklywithasinglemouseclick.

Thefollowingscreenshotshowsanexampleofsomeoftheoutputsthatcanbeobtainedforastagetabledesign.

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Thefollowinggraphicshowstheoutputfromthereal-timeInSite®forWellInterventionFatigueViewer.Notethatthefatigueaccumulatedduringthecurrentoperationisclearlyvisible(inred)againstthepreviousfatigue.

Thepreviousgraphicshowsthepercentageofusedlife.Theupperdisplaygivesagraphicalinterpretationofthestringitself,wherethetaperoccursnotedasachangeinIDandwhereweldsoccur,indicatedbydifferentcoloredlinestorepresentthedifferenttypesofwelds.

ExtensivetestingandfieldevaluationshaveproventheconsistencyandreliabilityofHalliburton’sfatiguelifemodel.Halliburtontakesaconservativeapproachtotubinglifeandretireourstringsbeforeovalitybecomesaconcern.Wherebyothersintheindustryutilizetubingovalityasamajorfactorintheirstringretirementcriteria,Halliburton’sfatiguelifemodeltakesintoaccountseveralmorefactors.Theseincludejobexposuretype(acid,H2S,CO2,etc.),internalandexternalpressures,andthenumberofcycles.

FormoreinformationonhowHalliburtoncalculatesfatigue,refertothefollowingpapers:

• OTC7325-CoiledTubingLifePrediction(1993)

• SPE38407-LargeCoiledTubingFatigueLife(1997)H

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Real-Time Data Acquisition and Calculations

OneofthemostimportantfeaturesofanyCoiledTubingdataacquisitionsoftwareistheabilitytotrackfatigueandmonitorstressesintheCoiledTubingduringanactualjob.Thisfeatureisimportanttohelpensurethatnofailuresoccurduringanoperation.

Fatigue Prediction and Monitoring HalliburtonhasdevelopedacomprehensiveStringManagementSystem.Thissystemincorporatessoftwareandreal-timeDataAcquisitionforfatiguemonitoringandLifePrediction.Inaddition,theStringManagementSystemincludesprocessesforkeepingtrackoftheremaininglifeofeachstring,inspectionandspoolingprocesses,andproceduresforstoringCoiledTubingstrings.

Halliburton’sInSite®forWellInterventionsoftwarepackageusesourproprietaryfatiguemodeldevelopedfromextensiveempiricaldatacompiledbyVladimirAvakov.TheDesignModuleofInSite®forWellInterventioncanbeusedasamodelingtooltopredictfatigueforCoiledTubingstringdesign.ThesimulatorfeaturesanAnalyzertocomparemultiplecasesandoptimizethematerial,diameter,andwallthickness(es)ofthestring.Tocalculatethefatigue,thejobisrunintheStageTable,andthenpre-andpost-jobfatiguecanbecompared.TheprogramcanacceptvariousinputsintheStageTablewithoutpermanentlyalteringcriticalfatiguedata.Whenusedinreal-time,fatigueaccumulationiscalculatedasthejobprogresses.

FeaturesoftheFatigueCalculator/Simulatorinclude:• Calculateswhichsegmentsalongthestringundergobendingevents.

• CalculatesthechangestothebendingradiusatthereelastheCoiledTubingisrunintoandoutofthewell.

• Displaystheusedlifealongthestringasitaccumulates.

• CreatesapermanentandongoingrecordoffatiguedamagetoaCTstring.

UsingtheInSite®forWellInterventionfatigue-analysissoftware,theremaininglifeofthestringandweldscanbepredicted.Prejobsimulationsoftheplannedworkincludingcontingenciescanbesimulatedandlife-usedpeakspredicted.

WELL INTERVENTION

Thefollowingchartsshowsomeofthedownholecalculationpossibilitiesandalsodemonstratesthereal-timefluid-trackingability(representedbydifferentcolors)inthewellbore.

FormoreinformationonhowHalliburtoncalculatestubinglimitsandstresses,refertothefollowingpapers:

• SPE36340-ComputingCollapsePressureforCoiledTubing(1995)

• SPE46004-CollapseDataAnalysisandCoiledTubingLimits(1998)

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Downhole CalculationsAswellascalculatingsurfacestressesintheCoiledTubing,InSite®forWellInterventionalsocancalculatedownholestressesalongwithvariousotherparameters,whichcanbegraphedinreal-timeasthejobprogresses.Thesecalculationsaremadebyusingknownvaluesofpressureanddepthcombinedwithgivenvariablessuchasfluidweightsandvolumestoprovidetheoperatorwithagreaterknowledgeofwellactivity.Thisenhancedknowledgecanhelptheoperatormakejobchanges.

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Real-Time Calculations

ThroughoutanyCoiledTubingoperation,stressescanbecalculatedandmonitoredatmultiplepositionstohelpensuredifferenttypes,andlocationsoffailurecanbepredictedand,therefore,possiblyavoided.

Surface StressesUsingmeasuredvaluesofpressuresandloadsonthesurface,stressesarecalculatedatfourkeylocationsoftheCoiledTubingsurfacesetup.Thesevaluesareshowninreal-timeonacharttogivetheoperatoravisualwarningofwhenhighstressesarebeingencountered.ThefollowinggraphicshowsanexampleofthegraphicalmeansoftrackingsurfacestressesintheCoiledTubingduringanoperation.

WELL INTERVENTION

Operator DisplayTosimplifyallavailabledatafortheCoiledTubingoperator,Halliburtonhasdevelopedaverypowerfuloperatordisplaythatsummarizesallimportantdataontooneeasy-to-readgraphicalinterface,asshowninthefollowingscreenshot.Thisdisplayiscompletelycustomizable.

Themainfeaturesthathavebeendevelopedfortheoperatordisplayincludethefollowing:• Fullydynamiclimitsbandsontheedgesofthegauges.

Notetheredandgreenbandsonthegauges,whichprovidesnotificationtotheoperatortokeeptheparameterswithinthegreenareastohelpensurenoriskoffailures.

• Anadvancedwarningscreen.Warningsappearforthefollowingscenarios:

• IfstressesontheCoiledTubingstring(onsurfaceordownhole)areapproachinglimits

• Whenweldsorhighfatigueareasareapproachingthelevelwindorinjector

• AstheBHAapproachesthesurfaceoranychangesindownholewellboregeometry

• Fluidtotalizersarecustomizabletohandlemultiplefluids.

Advanced Design Calculations

HalliburtoniscurrentlydevelopingInSite®forWellInterventiontohavetheabilityofcarryingoutjobdesigncalculationsforcommonjobtypessuchassandcleanoutandnitrogenlifting.

ThisnewfeaturewillalsoincorporateHalliburton’sproprietaryCoilSweep™andHydra-Blast™specialisttools.ThefollowingexampleshowsasafeoperationalenvelopethathasbeencalculatedtoassisttheengineerandoperatorwhileperformingasandcleanoutwithCoiledTubing.

Friction Matching

Tooptimizefutureoperations,wecanlearnalotfrompreviousoperations.Whenajobisdesigned,certainparametersmustbeestimated.Onesignificantparameter,particularlyindeviatedwellbores,isthefrictioncoefficientbetweentheCoiledTubingandthewallofthewellbore.ThisvaluehasthemostinfluenceonhowfarwecanpushCoiledTubingalonganextendedreachwell.Factorssuchasconditionofthewellboretubulars,typeofwellboresection(openhole,slottedliners,etc.),fluidtypeinthewell,etc.affectthisnumberandcanmakesignificantdifferencestoajobdesign.

Whenworkingonaseriesofsimilarwells,wecanlookbackatpreviousoperationstoverifythevalidityofalltheassumptionsmadeonpastoperationsbyfinetuningthedesignuntiltheycloselymatchtheactualpostjobfielddata.Thesecalculatedvaluesoffrictioncanthenbeappliedtoanysubsequentoperationshelpingensurethatourjobdesignshavethebestchanceofsuccessandthemostsuitableequipmenttocarrythemoutisonlocationfromthestart.

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WELL INTERVENTION

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Thefollowinggraphisanexampleofpostjobfrictionmatching;thesoftwarealsohasthecapabilityofcalculatingfrictionmatchinginreal-timewhiletheoperationisbeingcarriedout.

AllofthecriticalCoiledTubingoperationalinformationisondisplayatthesametime,whichcanbeconfiguredandsetusingkeyboard,mouse,oratouchscreeninterface.

Thesafetyfeaturesincludedwiththiscontrolsystemareasfollows:• BasicControls

• Stopsinjector,basedontag,overpull,weightorspeedlimits

• AdvancedControls• Improvedlimitsystem

• “Soft”stoprampsdowninjectorspeedathigherspeeds,avoidingequipmentdamage

• Automaticchainlubesystem

• Tubingslipdetection

• Chainlife(stretch)indicationsystem

ACE™ Equipment on FLECS™ Control System

TheACE™(AutomaticControlledEquipment)operatingsysteminstalledontheFLECS™(FlexibleElectronicControlSystem)hardwaregivestheoperatoracontrolsystemwithbuilt-insafetyfeaturesandEthernetconnectivity.TheACEoperatingsystemisthesameplatformusedtocontrolotherHalliburtonequipmentsuchaspumpsandblenders,givinguniformfunctionalityonlocation.

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For more information, contact your Halliburton representative or email us at production-solutions@halliburton.com.