language focus - edupub.gov.lk 1.pdf · language focus. 2 unit 01 keeping fit ... write them in...

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Language Functions

• Asking / Giving information What was wrong with you? I was down with fever.

• Getting information Did you read the newspaper?

• Self introduction I am mother Nature. I’m the spirit of

the earth.

• Giving instructions Do not bite your nails.

Grammar

• Adverbs of frequency I never miss my breakfast.

• Adverbs of manner “Well, so am I Sir”, said the Thrush and quickly gulped him down.

• Possessive adjectives Their life is in danger.

• Pronouns I was down with fever. You produce a lot of waste that makes me sick.

• Gerunds Gardening is a good exercise.

Language Focus

2

Unit 01 Keeping FitListening / Speaking

Sajith - Did you read the newspaper article in the ‘Daily Express’

on the importance of breakfast?

Ganesh - Yes. I did. Wasn't it very interesting?

Sandali - I could not read the paper. I was at my grandfather’s.

Sajith - Do you like to know what it says?

Sandali - Yes please. I often skip my breakfast because I do not

have enough time.

Ganesh - I skip my breakfast because I just don't feel like eating

anything in the morning.

Sajith - I never miss my breakfast. Anyway, I brought the news

paper article for you. Let me read it for you.

Sandali - But I enjoy the weekend breakfast.We prepare our

traditional food, usually, milkrice every Sunday.

Ganesh - We also prepare our traditional food during the week

ends. Thosai is my father’s favourite food. Sometimes

we make idly.

Activity 1.1 (Comprehension)

Reading / WritingAnswer the following questions in your writing book.

a. 1. In which newspaper was the article?2. What is the article about?3. Who could not read the article? Why?4. How many had read the article?5. Why does Ganesh skip his breakfast?6. What food does Sandali like?

b. 7. What are the benefits of having breakfast?8. What happens if you miss your breakfast?

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Activity 1.2Reading / Writing

Copy down the sentences into your writing book and fill in the blanksusing the given words. Be mindful of capitals.

specially, kick-starts, behavioural, teenagers, energy

1. lack of concentration can be seen ……………..among the studentswho skip their breakfast.

2. the cricketers have so much ………………that they play frommorning till evening.

3. food ………………..the brain and improves mental and physicalperformance.

4. …………………should not skip their breakfast.5. ……………problems can be seen among students who do not get

proper nutrients.

Read the article.

Breakfast is the main meal of the day. It should not be skipped,specially by growing children and teenagers. Breakfast kick-starts thebrain and improves mental and physical performance. It helps to maintaina healthy body weight. Lack of concentration, lethargy, behaviouralproblems can be seen among the students who skip breakfast.

Poor health is another result. A research was done on studentswho have breakfast and those who do not. It showed that students whohave breakfast before starting school have higher grades especially inmathematics and reading. It increases student attention and improvesstudent behaviour. Students who have healthy breakfasts meet their dailynutritional needs. They keep their weight under controland have the correct blood cholesterol levels. Theyattend school regularly. They do not have to see thedoctor often, complaining of tummy aches.

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Activity 1.3 (Pair Work)

VocabularyFind the words similar in meaning to the words given below from the ‘article’on page 3.

- between thirteen and nineteen years old- avoided- continue- attention- a careful study of a subject- a rise in the amount- without a break


Reading / SpeakingRead the article again and find out whether the statements given below aretrue or false.

1. It is good to skip breakfast.2. Breakfast improves the mental performance of the students.3. Behavioural problems can be seen among students who skip breakfast.4. Children can maintain a healthy body weight if they skip breakfast.5. Students should have their breakfast before starting for school.

Activity 1.5 (Group Work)

Speaking / WritingCopy the grid into your writing book. Ask the following questions fromyour friends in the group and enter the information in the grid.i. At what time do you have your breakfast?ii. What do you usually have for breakfast?iii. What is your favourite breakfast?

Write three sentences about your breakfast. Follow the guidlines.I always have my breakfast at .................... I usually have ........, ............, ............ or...........for my breakfast. My favourite breakfast is ........Now follow the above guidlines and write about the breakfast of your friends.

Food Time What they have Favouriteitem for breakfast breakfast

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Speaking / WritingAsk the following questions from your friend. Write the answers using the

words given in the circle.Example :Example :Example :Example :Example :

Question AnswerHow often do you skip your breakfast? I never skip my breakfast.

How often do you go to temple/church/mosque/kovil?How often do you go for swimming?How often do you drink tea?Do you eat on the road?How often do you read newspapers?

How often do you brush your teeth?

Adverbs of frequencyAdverbs of frequency tell us how

often an action takes place. There are lots ofthem. Here are some examples.


WritingDiscuss with your partner and find out the meanings of the adverbs givenon the graph. Make five sentences using adverbs of frequency and writethem in your writing book.

eg. I always prefer to have vegetables for my meals.

rarelysometimes

oftennever

alwaysoccasionally

regularly

Where do adverbscome in a sentence?* They come before themain verb.*They come after thepresent and past forms of“be”.

always

constantly

usually/ normally

often/ frequently

sometimes/occasionally

rarely /seldom

never

frequency of time

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Activity 1.8Read the dialogue on page 2 again and pick out the sentences with adverbsof frequency and write them in your writing book.

Reading

Keep your dog healthy and fitHuman beings fall ill. So do dogs. Just as with

human beings, one of the biggest health problems todayin dogs is obesity. Many parents think that when theirchildren are fat, they are healthy. Similarly, many dogowners think their pudgy dogs are healthy, but the truthis that they are really sick.Overweight dogs simplydevelop the same kinds of problems that overweighthuman beings have, such as diabetes.Obesity can alsodecrease your dog's life expectancy.

If you are not sure whether your dog is overweight or not,there is a very easy way to find it out.It is simply done by touch. The ribs ofa dog of normal weight can be easily felt under his skin. This is not possible

with an overweight dog. He has a thicker layerof fat over his ribs, and the bones cannot befelt.

There are several factors that contributeto obes i ty in dogs .Among these a reoverfeeding, insufficient exercise, age, genderand breed. If your dog is overweight, take himto the veterinary surgeon. He will do a fullexamination. This will help you to find outwhether your pet is healthy or not.


VocabularyRead the meanings of words given in the grid and find out the matching wordsfrom the text. Write down the words and their meanings in your writing book.

p ______

o ______

d ______

l ______

v ______

Words Meaning• short and fat• excess of weight above what is usual• disease of the pancreas in which sugar and starchy food cannot be properly absorbed• number of years that a person may expect to live• relating to animal diseases

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Read the passage again and write the answers in your writing book.

a. 1. What is obesity?2. What causes obesity?3. What should you do if your dog is overweight?4. How can you identify an overweight dog?

b. 5. List the instructions you would give for a person who is overweight.


WritingFind words opposite in meaning from the text ‘Keep your dog healthy andfit’ to the following words. Write them in your writing book.


Speaking / WritingFind out from each other the causes of obesity in human beings. Write aparagraph using the information you gathered. Follow the guidelines.Start like this:

People eat fast food. These contain fats and carbohydrates. Eating too muchfat causes obesity in human beings. ..........

- eating too much fat - oversize food portions - fast food- lack of exercise - spending hours in front of television and computers- travelling by vehicles - instead of walking.- less work at home/office- inactive people - gain weight- environment - lack of parks, trails, sidewalks- busy work schedules - no time to be physically active- food advertising - snacks and sugary drinks- genes and family history

smallest

healthy

increase

thinner

underweight difficult

abnormal

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Read the poem aloud in pairs. You willenjoy it better.

Breakfast "Good morning little earthworm", Said the speckled Thrush. "Where would you be going so early in a rush?" "I'm off to find some breakfast," He answered with a frown. "Well, so am I Sir", said the Thrush And quickly gulped him down.

P.H. Kilby


1.Answer the following questions.a. 1. How did the Thrush greet the earthworm?

2. Did the earthworm get his breakfast?3. Did the Thrush get his breakfast?4. What did the Thrush get for breakfast?

b. 5. Where do earthworms live?6. What do they eat?7. What does the Thrush eat?

2. Find rhyming words from the poem and write them in your writing book. Add three more words to each of the rhyming words. thrush - frown3. Writing - Write the dialogue between the Thrush and the Earthworm. Begin like this:

Thrush - Hello, Earthworm. Good morning. How are you today?Earthworm - Good morning birdie. I am very well.Thanks and ................

4. Speaking / Writing (Pair Work) - Read the poem again and relate the story to your friend using your own words.Write the story using 5-6 sentences.

Grammar

Adverbs of mannerRead the following question and answer on the poem ‘Breakfast’.

A : How did the Thrush gulp the earthworm?B : The Thrush gulped the earthworm quickly.

Note : The word ‘quickly’ answers the question ‘How’. It is an adverb ofmanner. Adverbs of manner are mostly formed from adjectives by adding-ly.

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Activity 1.14Writing

Copy the following adjectives into your writing book and write therelevant adverbs.


Copy down the following sentences into your writing book. Fill in theblanks using the appropriate adverbs of manner.

1. Nadee treated us .............................

2. The children clapped their hands ...............................

3. Sandali and Rupa danced .......................... at the concert.

4. The boy cried ........................ as he was injured.

5. You must cross the road ................................

6. Janith did the exam very ................................

7. Shazna did not lie. She spoke .........................

8. They fought ............................ in the battle.

Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb

careful carefully sweet ..............quick ............. frank ..............beautiful ............. easy ..............true ............. honest ..............kind ............. brave ..............happy ............. proud ..............

eg :

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Read this newspaper advertisement and complete the grid given below inyour writing book.

Fun and Fast• Keeps your dogs free from

harmful parasites such as ticks,fleas and lice

• Promotes healthy growth of fur• Stops itching & scratching thereby

preventing wounds• Keeps your pet smelling good & feeling

fresh

100 ml Fun & Fast Shampoo for Dogsis a luxury shampoo, which containsnatural ingredients and has a fruityfresh scent.

Perfumeddogshampoo

Manufacturers:Yuki Quality Pet Products99, Upper Chatham Street

Colombo 1.Date Manufactured: 01/04/2008Use before 01/04/2010

1. What is it about2. For whom3. The brand name4. Benefits5. Smell

6. Quantity7. Ingredients 8. Manufacturers9. Date of manufacture10. Date of expiry

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Reading / Writingi) Change the following information into a set of instructions. Write themin your writing book.

Example: Do not bite your nails.

1. Biting your nails can be harmful. Nail biting can break the skin and causebleeding and infections.

2. It is bad to pick your nose. It can spread germs and start bleeding3. You can protect your teeth by brushing and visiting your dentist regularly.4. If you get something in your eyes, try not to rub it. Let the eye tear or

rinse with pure water.5. You cannot eat or talk without your tongue. Very hot food and drinks

burn your tongue.

ii) Make five banners on Health Tips and display them in your class room.


SpeakingMake three short dialogues using the following table. Write them down inyour writing book. Practise in pairs.

Follow the examples:Example 1 Example 2A : What's wrong with you? A : What’s the trouble?B : I was down with fever B : My grandfather is not well.A : Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. A : Oh dear, I’m sorry.

Health Tips

Asking Problem

* What's wrong with you?* What happened?* What's the trouble?*Is there anything wrong? * What's the matter?

Sympathizing

* I've got a bad headache.* I've got a terrible tummy ache.* I think I've caught a cold.* I'm down with fever.* My grandfather is not well.

* Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.* Is there anything I can do?* Oh dear, I'm sorry!* I hope you'll feel better soon.

Asking Problem

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spirit

recover dumpsupply

overhear

Role PlaySpeakingPractise the following playlet in groups and act it out.

Hiruni : Hello Tharaka. You've been absent for a longtime.What’s wrong with you?

Tharaka : I was down with fever. I haven't still recoveredfully. (enters Mother Nature)

Hiruni : May I know who you are? (Hiruni asks MotherNature)

Mother Nature : I'm Mother Nature. I'm the spirit of theEarth. I've been really ill for sometime.

Tharaka : Oh! What happened to you?Mother Nature : Just look at that dump over there!All : Yes, we see it. Ugh!Mother Nature : People use things just once and throw them

away. You human beings have no feeling for meand you produce a lot of waste that makes mesick.

Ramesh : No, I don't agree with you.Mother Nature : But you always do it.Christine : What's that noise? It's coming from those

piles of old newspapers.Mother Nature : They were once trees you know. Their life is in

danger.Old newspapers : We overheard you talking about us. Yes, Mother

Nature we were once trees. We are very sadnow. We were dumped here. We could havebeen recycled and used again. That savesenergy and trees!

Activity 1.19Vocabulary

• Find similar words for the words given below from a dictionary / thesaurus.and write them in your writing book.

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Activity 1.20 (Comprehension)

Reading / WritingWrite answers to the following questions in your writing book.

a. 1. Why is Mother Nature ill?2. Who has made her ill?3. What can you do to prevent waste and pollution?4. Why is the pile of old newspapers sad?

b. 5 What are the things that can be recycled, apart from papers?6. How does pollution affect your health?7. Why is recycling important?


Vocabularyi. Find the meanings of the following words and write them in your writingbook. eg : Overhear - hear by chanceii. Refer to a dictionary and write a few more examples in your writing book.

Pronouns Read the following sentences taken from the playlet.

1. You have been absent for a long time.2. You produce a lot of waste that makes me sick.3. Their life is in danger.

Note : * A SUBJECT PRONOUN shows that the pronoun is acting as the subject of the sentence. eg. You have been absent for a long time.* An OBJECT PRONOUN shows that the pronoun is acting as the object of the sentence. eg. You produce a lot of waste that makes me sick.

OVER

crowd

weight

load

sleep take

time

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive pronoun pronoun adjective pronoun pronoun

I me my pen mine myself we us our house ours ourselves you you your bat yours yourself/ yourselves he him his hat his himself she her her bag hers herself it it its tail its itself they them their books theirs themselves

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* A POSSESSIVE PRONOUN tells you who owns something.eg. I’m the spirit of the Earth. The Earth is mine

* A POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE is used with nouns to show possession orownership. eg. This is my pen.

* A REFLEXIVE PRONOUN turns the action of the verb back to the subjectof the sentence. eg. I bought myself a new pen.


Copy down the following sentences into your writing book and fill in theblanks with suitable possessive adjectives. Follow the example.

Example: This is a frock which belongs to me. This is my frock.

1. This pen belongs to me. This is …………….pen.2. This is Nipuna's T-shirt. This is ………………T-shirt.3. These are Shazna's new shoes. They are …………shoes.4. This ball belongs to my brother and me. This is …………ball.5. Here is Tom’s and Ann's new car. Here is …………..new car.6. These books belong to you. These are …………..books.7. There is water in the dog's bowl. There is water in ………..bowl.


Copy the following sentences into your writing book. Re-write them usingpronouns instead of the underlined words. Follow the example.

Raja and Janith went out. They went out.

1. The dog heard a noise. The dog barked.2. Tharindu has a pet cat. Tharindu fed the cat.3. Rizvi and I went to the fair.4. The Principal asked Peter and me to be quiet.5. Sachith thanked Hiruni for the present.6. My sister and my brother are late. Mother is waiting for my sister and my brother.7. Rajeshwari and I walked along the road.8. Hiruni and Nipuni asked Philip and Janith to move the table.

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ReadingCopy the table into your writing book. Read the following facts on theimportance of exercises and write the relevant number against each heading.

(1) Exercises increase your blood circulation by strengthening and supplying

more oxygen to your body.

(2) Exercises make your muscles stronger. Have you ever done push-ups or

swing across the monkey bars at the playground? Those are exercises that

can build strength. You can make your muscles stronger by lifting heavy weights.

(3) Can you touch your toes easily without saying 'ouch'? If you can, you are

flexible. That means you can bend and stretch your body without much trouble.

(4) Exercise puts you in a better mood. When you exercise, your brain releases

a chemical which makes you feel happier.

Heading Number

• Exercise strengthens muscles• Exercise gives you energy• Exercise makes you happy• Exercise makes you flexible

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Reading / Speaking

Imagine that you are a journalist who visited a hospital to interview adoctor regarding the dengue menace.Read the following answers. Find the right question word from the bracketsto get the underlined words as the answer. Practise questions and answersin groups.

Dengue fever is characterized by thesudden onset of fever, headache, bodyaches and joint pains, loss of appetite,nausea, vomiting and development of skinrashes.

Questions Answers

(1)……………is it transmitted?(what / how / why)

(2)…………………the virus spread from person to person?

(why / does/ what)

(3)………………are the symptoms of dengue fever?

(how / why / what)

(4) ………….can you eliminate the chances of mosquito breeding?

(why / what/ how)

(5) ……………are the precautionary measures that can be taken?

(when / do / what)

It is transmitted to us by the bite ofinfected mosquitoes.

No, the virus does not spread from personto person.

By adopting good daily habits ofremoving garbage.

Clearing blockages from the roof gutter /clearing leaves and stagnant water fromdrains / removing water from potted plantsdaily / avoiding the use of pot plates andchanging the water in vases every day willhelp to eliminate the chances of mosquitobreeding.

Precautions include wearing long-sleevedclothes, using mosquito coils and electricvapour mats and using insect repellents overthe exposed parts of the body.

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Reading

Gardening - A Good ExerciseGardening involves a number of different kinds of exercises including stretching

and weightlifting. A study shows that you can have good exercise by raking thelawn, trimming the trees and shrubs. Clearing bushes and stacking wood also providegood exercise to your body, equal to a light aerobics class.

The “yard care” tasks such as watering thelawn,mowing, trimming shrubs, raking, planting seedlings,weeding, clearing land, digging, spading, tilling, laying the sod,chopping wood, turning the compost pile etc. are good waysto get exercise. They provide exercise for the whole body.Apart from that, gardening is beneficial for your mental healthtoo. For many people, it is a hobby.

Like other kinds of exercise, gardening can help tolower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. It reducesproblems with heart diseases, diabetes and other diseases related to inactivity andexcessive weight.


Reading / WritingRead the above passage and write the answers to the following questionsin your writing book.

a. 1. What are the yard care tasks mentioned in the text?

2. Name some tasks that provide some exercise for the whole body.

3. What are the kinds of exercise you can get by gardening?

4. How does gardening affect your health?

b. 5. What are the bad effects of inactivity and excessive weight? Discuss with

your partner and write a paragraph.

• First write down 4 / 5 points.

• Then put them into sentences to make a paragraph.

18


VocabularyMatch A with B and write them in your writing book.


SurveyCopy the following grid into your writing book. Ask ten of your friends whatthey like most for breakfast and fill in the grid. Follow the example.

a) Using information you have collected, draw a pie chart.b) Follow the guidelines given below and write a report.

- The most preferred breakfast is _________.

- The least preferred breakfast is _________.

- Out of the ten students _______ students like ________ while ________

students like __________ for breakfast.

- A few students like ________.

- No one likes ________.

Name of Bread String hoppers Rice Thosai Chick Hoppers Milk Green Cowpea the student / Idly peas rice gram

Janith X

A B

Cutting something to the required size

To cut the grass

A gardening tool

Removing unwanted plants

Prepare the land for crops

a rake

tilling

weeding

lawn mowing

trimming

19

Reading

A day in the life of a gardenerI love gardening on Sundays, a day that some

others prefer to hike, bike, walk or relax. I often doboth. I do gardening in the morning, relax in the afternoonand return to my garden chores later in the day. On manySunday nights, I slump on the nearest chair exhausted,wondering how to drag myself to bed. "I'm so tired", Igroan, feeling the weary muscles in my back, arms,shoulders and legs. "No wonder - you have beenexercising all day," my wife replies.

I think back on my day. Exercising all day? No,I was not exercising. I was gardening for a good part ofit. Hauling off topsoil, weeding, mowing, and raking. After all I enjoy gardening andit is free. Isn't fitness supposed to cost money? Don't I need to go to a gymnasium?It has taken me almost half my life to discover a fabulous gymnasium outside my door.Raking is like using a rowing machine. Pushing the mower is similar to walking on atreadmill. My exercise machines are the digger, shovel, rake, push mower and thewheelbarrow. My running track is the yard and garden.


Speaking / WritingIn groups prepare a speech on the advantages of gardening as a hobby.Present it to the class. Write it down in your writing book. The aboveReading Text may help you.

Activity 1.31Write down the following sentences inyour writing book and fill in the blanksusing the words given in Activity 1.30

1. I have heard ……………….factsabout the Amazon Forest.

2. Did he ……………his error?3. It was so quiet and you could hear a

pin ………….4. The meeting is held in the play

…………..5. The horse was ………….a heavy

cart.

Activity 1.30 VocabularyFind similar words from theabove passage for thefollowing words and writethem down in your writingbook. (a) amazing (b) realize (c) drop (d) ground

(e) pulling

20


The gardener is answering questions in a quiz programme.To be quick, hegives brief answers. Copy down the questions in your writing book andwrite his answers in complete sentences.

eg : I prefer to ........................ .

What do youprefer to do on

Sundays?

When do yourelax?

In theafternoon.

NoDo you go to a gymfor exercises?

Hauling of top soil,weeding, mowing, and

rakingWhich activities exerciseyour legs, arms and

shoulders?

What are the exercisemachines you use?

The digger, shovels,rake, push mower andthe wheelbarrow

1

2

3

4

5

To work in thegarden

21

Reading / Writing

Study the facts given in the grid and write answers to the questions.


Writing / Speaking

(i) List 10 types of food items that you have most often. Against eachfood item write down what they are made up of. (fats, proteins, etc.)

(ii) What’s your favourite meal? lunch / dinner / breakfast?Write the menu of your favourite meal including the five main typesof nutrients.

(iii) Write a paragraph and present it to the class. Begin - We eat rice.Rice gives us carbohydrates. We eat a lot of sweets. They give us energy,but too many sweets are bad for our health.

Types of food

cereals, pulses (beans, soybeans,groundnuts), milk and milkproducts, eggs, fish, meat, nuts

rice, maize, wheat, cereals,potatoes, yams, starchyroots(sugary food and starchy food)

cooking oils, some meat andmeat products, lard, butter,ghee, some milk products,margarine

fish, eggs, pulses and dark greenleafy vegetables

dairy products, liver, fatty fish,green leafy vegetables, yellowand red fruits and vegetables ingeneral, carrots, dark yellowsweet potato, pumpkin, mangoand papaya.

Proteins

Nutrients

Fats

Minerals

ImportanceThey help for growth and

repairing the body tissues.

Carbohydrates provide us with50% of our energy.

They provide us with 40% ofour energy. They are a veryrich source of energy. We needonly small amounts of them.

They are helpful, in tinyamounts, to keep our bodyhealthy. Salt is a mineral and weneed it for a healthy body. Buttoo much salt is very unhealthy.

Vitamins We need them for healthy teethand bones. We use them, insmall amounts, to keep ourbodies healthy.

Carbohydrates

22

GerundsGerunds are known as verbal nouns or - ‘ing’ nouns. Sometimes they areused as the subject, or the object of a sentence.

eg. 1. Gardening is a good exercise. (Subject)2. My grandfather likes gardening. (Object)

Activity 1.34a) Use the gerunds given below in subject positions.

Use the following gerunds in object positions.

b) List all the gerunds in the text ‘Gardening - A Good Exercise’ and write them in

your writing book.

dancing, travelling, spitting

climbing, driving, meeting

Group Work

i) Language Game

Using the table given on page 21, make questions for a‘Do you know’ contest. You get ten minutes to make thequestions. Follow the examples.

• What are the nutrients in fish / fruit / vegetables?• Why are proteins / vitamins important to us?• What is the main nutrient found in bread / butter?

Get into groups and ask questions. Eachcorrect answer will be given one point.The group that scores ten points first, isthe winner.

Enrichment

23

ii) Fun with English Tongue Twisters

Betty Botter bought some butter,"But," she said, "This butter's bitter.If I bake this bitter butter,it would make my batter bitter.But a bit of better butterwould make my batter better."

So she bought a bit of butter,better than her bitter butter,and she baked it in her batter,and the batter was not bitter.So 'twas better Betty Botterbought a bit of better butter.

iii) "Jumping Jacks" - An exercise for your leg and arm muscles. Try and see whether you can do this 20 - 50 times.

1.First, stand straight with your feet together and hands downby your side.

2. Then, slightly, bend your knees and jump straight up, whilebringing your hands together above your head, moving your feetabout two feet apart without bending your elbows orknees.Always land on the balls of your feet before yourheels touch the floor.

3. Finally, slightly bend your knees and jump up, whilereturning your hands to your side and your feet together.

When you practisesaying this quickly, you are

helping your brain to thinkmore quickly in English. It’s funbut it helps you to improve yourEnglish. Don’t worry if you can’t

say it well, though. Just try!

language focus - edupub.gov.lk 1.pdf · language focus. 2 unit 01 keeping fit ... write them in...

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