Multidisciplinary and Multi-Sector Approach

to Active Living: Insights from Otago

Dr Sandra Mandic

School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences

University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Teamwork | Curiosity | Creativity | Excellence

BEATS Investigators 2013-2016 Collaborators

Dr Sandra

Mandic

(Otago)

Dr Christina

Ergler

(Otago)

Dr Debbie

Hopkins

(Oxford)

A/Prof Antoni

Moore

(Otago)

Dr Susan

Sandretto

(Otago)

A/Prof Melody

Oliver

(Auckland)

Prof John

Spence

(Alberta)

Dr John

Williams

(Otago)

Dr Enrique

García

(Victoria)

Dr Palma

Chillón

(Granada)

Dr Kirsten

Coppell

(Otago)

Dr Anna

Rolleston

(Auckland)

Mrs Charlotte

Flaherty

(DCC)

Mr Gordon

Wilson

(DSSP)

Advisory Board

Mr Andrew

Lonie

(DCC/Otago)

Mrs Ruth

Zeinert

(GDA)

Dr Tara

Duncan

(Otago)

Prof Janet

Stephenson

(Otago)

Dr Jillian

Frater

(Canterbury)

Active Transport to School

• Convenient way to integrate

physical activity into everyday life

• Contributes to maintenance or

increase physical activity level

• May develop into

environmentally sustainable and

economical travel practices over

a lifetime

Transport to School in NZ: 1989-2014

Ministry of Transport. (2015). 25 years of New Zealand travel: New Zealand household

travel 1989–2014. Wellington: Ministry of Transport. (page 30)

1989/1990

2010-2014

Travel to school:

21% driven

26% walking

19% cycling

Travel to school:

32% driven

27% walking

3% cycling

Travel

behaviour

Preferences

Constraints

Cost

Personal factors

Environmental

factors

Family factors

Destination

characteristics

Enjoyment

Health

Environment

Discomfort

Safe routes

Factors related to

transport in generalFactors specific to

active transport

Adapted from Mandic S et al. Journal of Transport and Health. 2017; 4:294-304

Built Environment and Transport

Behaviour

www.designedtomove.org

Different urban layouts and social norms

(e.g. private vehicle ownership) compared to NZ

Kerr (2006)

McDonald (2008)

Babey (2009)

Larsen (2009)

Pabayo (2011)Cooper (2006)

Bringolf-Isler (2008)

Nelson (2008)

Chillon-Garzon (2009)

Panter (2010)

Van Dyck (2010)

Timperio (2006)

Leslie (2010)

Duncan (2008)

Utter (2011)

BEANZ

• The BEATS Study investigates:

– transport to school habits,

– the neighbourhood environment and

– physical activity habits

in Dunedin adolescents.

www.otago.ac.nz/beatsMandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=_3VIOXua620muM&tbnid=GUHGpmFTGVim7M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://help.zeald.com/Reviewing%2Band%2Bimproving/Reviewing%2Band%2BImproving%2B-%2BTips%2B%2BTricks/Techniques%2Band%2Btips%2Bfor%2Bmaintaining%2Ba%2Btidy%2Bwebsite/New%2BZealand%2BMap%2BImages.html&ei=6tisU4fHDo3MkAWE14HwBw&bvm=bv.69837884,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNEco08hocbPNfnPsu7uzsX7o3kO0g&ust=1403922981361197

BEATS Study: Objectives

• To understand the reasons behind adolescents and their

parents’ choice of transport mode to school using the

ecological approach;

• To examine the interaction between the transport choices,

built environment, physical activity levels, and weight status

in adolescents;

• To identify policies that promote or limit ATS in adolescents

• To provide baseline data to examine future impact of:

– The built environment changes (Dunedin Cycleway developments)

– South Dunedin Bike Library

– Cycle Skill Training in schools

BEATS Study Framework:

Ecological Model for Active Transport

Individual

Social/Cultural

Environment

Built

Environment

Policy

Environment

Sociodemographics

Behaviour

Motivations/barriers

Social support

Social norms

Walkable community

design

Pedestrian & bicycle

facilities

School policy for ATS

School’s road safety

procedures

Adapted from Sallis JF et al.

Circulation. 2012;125:729-737

Mandic S et al. BMJ Open.

2016; 6:e011196

IndividualEcological

model

framework

Social/Cultural

Environment

Built

Environment

Policy

Environment

Level Students (n=2000)

Parents (n=1000)

Peers

Neighbourhood

SchoolSchool

Outcome

measuresDemographics

Travel to school

Active transport to

school (ATS)

motivations and

barriers

Perceptions of

built environment

Health behaviours

Body mass index

Physical activity

Parental

demographics

Travel to school

for child(ren)

Parental

motivations and

barriers for ATS

Parental

perceptions of

built environment

Parental health

behaviours

Geographic

Information

System

(spatial analysis,

modelling and

visualisation)

Perceived

environment

Route to school

maps

School policy for

ATS

ATS-Related

messages

Health and

safety liabilities

School road

safety

procedures,

education and

messages

Assessment

proceduresStudent survey

Anthropometry

Accelerometers

Focus groups

Parental survey,

accelerometers

and focus groups

Student survey

(for peers)

GIS Analysis

Questionnaires

Maps

Teachers’ Focus

Groups

School

Principals’

interviews

Mandic S et al.

BMJ Open.

2016;

6:e011196

BEATS Study Research Methodology

Survey Maps; GIS Analysis Physical

Activity

Focus groups

Adolescents & Parents

Adolescents

Anthropometry

School bag weight

Adolescents, Parents, Teachers

Interviews

School

Principals

Mandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

BEATS Study Framework:

Ecological Model for Active Transport

Adapted from

Sallis JF et al.

Circulation.

2012;125:729-

737

Individual

Social/Cultural

Environment

Built Environment

Policy Environment

Mandic S et al.

BMJ Open.

2016;

6:e011196

Exercise

ScienceHealth Built

EnvironmentEducationTransportation

May 2013

How to pull this off

and

who is going to pay for it?

Building a Multidisciplinary Research Team

Exercise

science

Behavioural

medicine

Health

promotion

Geographic

information

science

Statistics

Quantitative

research

methods

Qualitative

research

methods

Dr Sandy Mandic

Dr Tony Moore

Dr John Williams

Drs Williams/Mandic Dr Debbie Hopkins

Prof John Spence

Dr Enrique García

Bengoechea

Policy

makers

Charlotte Flaherty

Building Research Collaborations

Dr Sandy Mandic

Dr Tony Moore

Dr John Williams

Dr Debbie Hopkins

Prof John Spence

A/Prof Enrique García

Mrs Charlotte Flaherty

Establishing Links with the Community

and Forming BEATS Advisory Board

Dunedin Secondary

Schools’ Partnership

Mr Gordon Wilson

Getting Dunedin

Active Initiative

Mr Andrew Lonie

Mrs Ruth Zeinert

Dr Janet Stephenson

Dr Susan SandrettoDr Tara DuncanCollege of Education

Writing Research Grants

2013 2014

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

EOI

EOI

IndividualEcological

model

framework

Social/Cultural

Environment

Built

Environment

Policy

Environment

Level Students (n=2000)

Parents (n=1000)

Peers

Neighbourhood

SchoolSchool

Outcome

measuresDemographics

Travel to school

Active transport to

school (ATS)

motivations and

barriers

Perceptions of

built environment

Health behaviours

Body mass index

Physical activity

Parental

demographics

Travel to school

for child(ren)

Parental

motivations and

barriers for ATS

Parental

perceptions of

built environment

Parental health

behaviours

Geographic

Information

System

(spatial analysis,

modelling and

visualisation)

Perceived

environment

Route to school

maps

School policy for

ATS

ATS-Related

messages

Health and

safety liabilities

School road

safety

procedures,

education and

messages

Assessment

proceduresStudent survey

Anthropometry

Accelerometers

Focus groups

Parental survey,

accelerometers

and focus groups

Student survey

(for peers)

GIS Analysis

Questionnaires

Maps

Teachers’ Focus

Groups

School

Principals’

interview

Aug 2014

Multidisciplinary

research

Service to government

Service to community

Service to schools

Consultation

Access to schools

Support

Funding (partial)

School

recruitment

Schools

Students

Parents

Teachers

Lab space

Assistance

Funding

Facilities

Feedback

Dunedin Secondary

Schools’ Partnership

University of Otago (Dunedin, New Zealand)

Dunedin Secondary Schools’ Partnership

Dunedin City Council

University of Alberta (Canada)

McGill University (Canada)

Transport safety

Cycle skills training

School choice

report

Rewards

Individual school

reports

Mandic S et al. Retos, 2015:28;197-202.

Mandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

BEATS Study School Recruitment:

100% (12 schools)

http://www.lphs.school.nz/http://www.columbacollege.school.nz/index.htmhttp://www.obhs.school.nz/index.php

Schools’ Representation in

the BEATS Student Survey 2014/15A

9% B8%

C10%

D6%

E8%

F9%

G4%

H8%

I10%

J13%

K5%

L9%

12 out of 12 secondary schools

in Dunedin

1,663

adolescents

with valid data

Age: 15.3±1.4 yrs

(range: 13-19 yrs)

44.4% Boys

73.2% NZ European

10.4% Māori

10.2% boarders

4.1% international

Giving Back to the Community

2009

19 School-specific

reports delivered

in person

in 2010

Otago

Region

Dunedin City

Dunedin

Mandic S et al. J Sci Med Sport.

2015:18(4):432-437

Developing Study Materials

BEATS Study Website

www.otago.ac.nz/beats

Pe

rce

nta

ge (

%)

2% 9%16%

21% 27%37%

43%

50%58% 62% 65%

71% 71% 72% 75% 76%

0% 3%

14%

32% 34%53%

75%

94%

127% 127% 127% 127% 127% 127%

178% 178%

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

125%

150%

175%

200%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Key Performance Indicators: Funding Spent (%) versus Students Surveyed (% of a goal)

Monitoring Budget and KPIs

BEATS Student Survey

Data collection 2014-2015

2013 2014

Grant writing

Establishing collaborations

School recruitment

Expanding collaborations

Vision &

design

Developing study materials and planning

2015 2017

Pilot

studyBEATS Student Survey

Focus Groups & Interviews

GIS Analysis

Reports and publicationsMandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

Mandic S et al. Retos, 2015:28;197-202.

2016

Refining

BEATS Parental Survey

n=1,780

18 FG + 12 Interviews

n=365

Keeping the Team Together

• Regular meetings of the research team

• Regular progress reports for stakeholders and

participating schools

• Community involvement and support

• Learning together and from each other

• Celebrating along the way

Regular Progress Reports

1st year 3rd year 4th year

Reports available on the BEATS Study website: www.otago.ac.nz/beats

Comprehensive Dissemination of

Research Findings

Last updated: June 2017

BEATS Study Journal Articles to Date

From vision to implementation

Mandic et al. Retos, 2015:28;197-202.

Mandic et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

BEATS Study protocol

Clustering of (un)healthy

behaviours in adolescents

Mandic et al. Am J Health Behav.

2017;41(3):266-275

BEATS Study Journal Articles to Date

Adolescents perceptions of

walking versus cycling to school

Mandic et al. J Transp Health, 2017:

4:294-304.

Hopkins & Mandic. Int J Sustain Transp.

2017;11(5):342-356

Adolescents’ attitudes towards

cycle skills training

Mandic et al. Transp Res F: Traff

Psych Behav. 2016;42:217-226

Parental perceptions of

cycle skills training

Mandic et al. J Transp Health, [in press;

Epub 24 Mar 2017]

Perceptions of cycling to school

BEATS Study Journal Articles to Date

Cycling to school:

Christchurch versus Dunedin

Frater et al. Transp Res F: Traff

Psych Behav. 2017;49:205-214

School choice and active

transport to school

Mandic et al. J Transp Health, [in press;

Epub 30 May 2017]

Dissemination of Findings

to the Community

• Presentations to Dunedin City Council

(progress reports)

• Technical reports for schools

– 13 individual school reports

(~50 pages each)

– 2 reports for Dunedin Secondary

Schools’ Partnerships

• Presentations to community groups

• Presentations for Ministry of Health

and Ministry of Transport

www.otago.ac.nz/beats/news

05 Nov 2014

21 July 2016

Developing Research Capacity

Recent PhD graduates, post-doctoral

fellows and early-career academics Master’s students

Honours students Summer research students

Dr Jillian

Frater

(Canterbury)

Chiew Ching

Kek

Dr Judith

Rodda

(Otago)

Dr Debbie

Hopkins

(Otago/

Oxford)

Tessa

Pocock

Dr Christina

Ergler

(Otago)

Logan

Copland

Alex

Mintoft-

Jones

Tessa

Pocock

Tessa

Pocock

Siobhan

McArthur

Dana

LawrieChiew

Ching

Kek

Lauren

KeaneyAshley

Mountfort

Leiana

Sloane

Dr Daniela

Aldabe

(Otago)

BEATS Research Team 2017 Collaborators

Dr Sandra

Mandic

(Otago)

Dr Christina

Ergler

(Otago)

Dr Debbie

Hopkins

(Oxford)

A/Prof Antoni

Moore

(Otago)

Dr Susan

Sandretto

(Otago)

A/Prof Melody

Oliver

(Auckland)

Prof John

Spence

(Alberta)

Dr Enrique

García

(Victoria)

Dr Palma

Chillón

(Granada)

Dr Kirsten

Coppell

(Otago)

Dr Anna

Rolleston

(Auckland)

Mrs Charlotte

Flaherty

Mr Gordon

Wilson

(DSSP)

Advisory Board

Prof Janet

Stephenson

(Otago)

A/Prof

Michael Keall

(Otago)

…

What is on the Horizon?

BEATS-2 (2019-2021)Dunedin

BEATS-R (2018-2020)Central Otago

Exercise

ScienceHealth Built

EnvironmentEducationTransportation

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www.otago.ac.nz/active-living/research/publications

https://goo.gl/jtqdAohttp://www.otago.ac.nz/active-living/research/publications/index.html

BEATS Research Team (2013-2016)Principal Investigator:

Dr Sandy Mandic, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences

Associate Investigators:

Dr Tony Moore, School of Surveying, University of Otago

Dr John Williams, Department of Marketing, University of Otago

Prof John C Spence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Dr Enrique García Bengoechea, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Dr Debbie Hopkins, Oxford University, Oxford, UK

Ms Charlotte Flaherty, Safe and Sustainable Transport Coordinator, DCC

Advisory Board:

Dr Janet Stephenson, Centre for Sustainability: Agriculture, Food, Energy, Environment

Mr Gordon Wilson, Chair, Dunedin Secondary School Principals Association

Mr Andrew Lonie, Recreation Planning Officer, Dunedin City Council (2013-2015)

Ms Ruth Zeinert, Project Manager, Getting Dunedin Active, Dunedin (2013-2016)

Dr Tara Duncan, Department of Tourism, University of Otago

Dr Susan Sandretto, College of Education, University of Otago

Project Coordinators: Tessa Pocock (2016-2017); Leiana Sloane, Emily Brook (2015);

Ashley Mountfort (2014)

BEATS Research Students and Research Assistants

(2013-2016)

Research Students

• Tessa Pocock (Master’s)

• Kek Chiew Ching (Master’s)

• Logan Copland (Master’s)

• Leiana Sloane (Honours)

• Lauren Keaney (Honours)

• Siobhan McArthur (Summer)

• Dana Lawrie (Summer)

• Alex Mintoft-Jones (Summer)

• Ashley Mountfort (Summer)

Research Assistants• Judith Rodda, PhD

• Daniela Aldabe, PhD

• Alex Mintoft-Jones

• Tessa Pocock

• Emily Brook, BSc PGDip

• Candice Perring, BPhEd

• Daria Gibbons, BSc

• Hayley Horwood, MPhEd

• Claire Hodge, PGDip

• Angela Findlay, PhD student

• Chelsea Cunningham, BPhEd

• Madeep Kaur, PhD student

• Lizhou Liu, PhD student

• Priya Kannan, PhD student

• Arum Balasundaram, PhD student

• Kareem Diab, PhD

• Manal Aziz, PhD

20+ volunteers

Technical and admin support:

Hamish Gould, Nigel Barrett,

Kimberley Lamond

Tessa Pocock, BPhEd(Hons)

Chiew Ching Kek, MA

Alex Mintoft-Jones

Ashley Mountfort, BSc

Emily Brook, PGDip

Candice Perring, BPhEd

Daria Gibbons, BSc

Hayley Horwood, BPhEd

Claire Hodge, PGDip

Lauren Keaney (Honours student)

Hamish Gould, Nigel Barrett

Volunteers

Schools, students, parents,

teachers and school principals

Acknowledgments

John Williams, PhD

Tony Moore, PhD

Charlotte Flaherty, BComm (DCC)

Enrique Garcia Bengoechea, PhD

John Spence, PhD

Debbie Hopkins, PhD (CSAFE)

Gordon Wilson (DSSP)

Tara Duncan, PhD

Janet Stephenson, PhD (CSAFE)

Ruth Zeinert (GDA)

Andrew Lonie (DCC)

Susan Sandretto, PhD

2015-2016

www.otago.ac.nz/beats Thank you!