nueva vizcaya - pinoy rice knowledge bank · 2018. 11. 21. · a very fine clayey-textured soil...

NUEVA VIZCAYA

i SIMPLIFIED KEYS TO SOIL SERIES

This guidebook belongs to:

Name: _____________________________

Address: ___________________________

Contact number: ____________________

Published by:

Philippine Rice Research Institute

Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, 3119 Nueva Ecija

Copyright © 2017

Authors

Consulting Editor Constante T. Briones

Editorial Adviser

Sailila E. Abdula

PhilRice® Wilfredo B. Collado

Rona T. Dollentas Jovino L. De Dios Judith Carla P. Dela Torre Jesiree Elena Ann D. Bibar Rodolfo V. Bermudez Jr Sandro D. Cañete

Rodolfo V. Bermudez Jr

Managing Editor/Layout Artist

Nueva Vizcaya

This guidebook was funded by the project

“Sustainable Enterprise Information System

Solutions for PhilRice RD&E Operations ”

(ISD -005-002)

Nueva Vizcaya ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword……………………………………….. iv

The Simplified Keys to Soil Series………..…. 1

Guide to Soil Series Identification.................. 2

Soil Color Groups........................................... 5

Reddish Brown....................................... 7

Black/Grayish Brown………................... 10

Light/Dark Brown…….…........................ 11

Yellowish/Grayish Brown….................... 13

Soil Profile & Characteristics.......................... 14

Soil Productivity …………………………......... 29

Crop Suitability Analysis.…............................ 31

Soil Management Recommendations............ 44

Appendices……………………………….……. 52

Steps to Identify Soil Series…….......... 53

Soil Sampling....................................... 53

Color Determination............................. 54

Texture Determination.......................... 55

pH Determination................................. 56

The PalayCheck® System……………..…….. 57

Glossary………………………………………… 59

Soil Textural Classes………..….……... 61

References…………………………………….. 62

iii SIMPLIFIED KEYS TO SOIL SERIES

Nueva Vizcaya iv

FOREWORD

This guidebook on “Simplified Keys to Soil Series” was

developed for easier field identification of soils.

Soil identification is an important component in rice farming. When the soil is properly analyzed and identified, the risks of incompatible management recommendations will be lessened and selection of knowledge and technologies to apply will be

efficient.

This is a good guide for effective nutrient management, which is one of the components of the PalayCheck® System, a dynamic rice crop management system that presents easy-to-follow practices to achieve respective Key Checks

and improve crop yield and input-use efficiency.

It features the different colors, textures, pH, and other observable properties of the most common soils of Nueva Vizcaya and contains four simple steps in identifying the soil series right in the field. It also includes the soil productivity index, soil properties that affect crop growth, soil taxonomic classification, crop suitability analysis, and soil management recommendations. The concept of simplified keys to soil series was first used in Thailand. In the Philippines, the pro-ject “Simplification of the Philippine Soil Series for Rice and Corn” started in 2005 under the Nutrient Management Support System (NuMASS) to provide management

recommendations for soils identified in the field.

We thank the farmers, agricultural technologists, and munici-pal and provincial agriculturists for helping us validate the soil series. We also acknowledge the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) for providing the secondary data of the

soils used in this guidebook.

SAILILA E. ABDULA

Acting Executive Director

The “Simplified Keys to Soil Series” is a tool to identify soil series in the field following simple steps for the use of farmers, extension workers, agricultural technolo-gists, researchers, and other stakeholders. Using this guidebook, identification of soil will be more accurate reducing the risk of incompatible management and technology recommendations. Selection of knowledge and technologies could also be easy and efficient with the identification of soil series. For instance, because some soil series behave similarly, the management practices and technology suitable in known soil names are expected to be adaptable in the same soil series of a different region.

This guidebook is easy to use. Using only five basic soil properties (color, texture, pH, coarse fragments, and mottles) at 30-50cm soil depth and following the simple steps provided, the soil series in the field could be iden-tified. Once the soil is known, a compilation of thematic information related to the use of soils especially in crop production such as selection of suitable crops, crop productivity ratings, soil properties that limit production, and soil management recommendations can be deter-mined.

Fourteen soil series found in Nueva Vizcaya are includ-ed in this guidebook: Annam, Bago, Bantog, Brooke’s, Guimbalaon, Maligaya, Quingua, Rugao, San Juan, San Manuel, Sevilla, Sibul, Sta. Filomena, and Umingan series.

The Simplified Keys to Soil Series

1 SIMPLIFIED KEYS TO SOIL SERIES

GUIDE TO SOIL SERIES IDENTIFICATION

Nueva Vizcaya 2

1.Conduct preliminary interview on the historical

background of your sampling site. Gather information on cultivation practic-es, natural occur-rences such as flood, erosion, and human ac-tivities that affect the condition and structure of the soil. Check

whether the soil was disturbed or scraped.

2 From a vacant area of

your identified site, dig a pit or use an auger to get the soil samples

needed.

3 Soil samples should

be taken from a rec-ommended soil depth to make sure that the condition and structure of the soil is well-preserved and free from any kind of cultivation

(see page 53).


4 Know the color of the soil.

Color is one of the most important physical properties of the soil as indicative to se-ries recognition. Each soil series has its distinct inherent color which makes it different from the other series (see

page 54).

5 Identify the texture of

the soil. Texture is a unique property used as qualitative classification tool to determine clas-ses of soil (see page

55).

6 Determine the soil pH.

The measure of acidity or alkalinity in soils is known as soil pH. This measure-ment corresponds to spe-cific soil series (see page

56).

slickenside mottles

7 Take note of other observable soil properties

such as polished surfaces (cutans/slickensides),

softness, hardness, stickiness, etc.

Nueva Vizcaya 4

8 Take note of the presence or absence of coarse

fragments such as limestone, rock fragments, lateritic nodules, black manganese (Mn) and red iron (Fe) concretions, sand materials, and other observable properties of the soil taken from

surfaces up to 50-cm depth.

9 Use the Simplified Keys

to Soil Series Guidebook and compare all soil properties starting from the color until the soil

name is identified.

Mn/Fe concretions Quartz

Lateritic nodules Lateritic nodules


Guimbalaon

SOIL Color Groups

Annam

(go to pages 7-9)

(go to page 10)

Rugao

Quingua Maligaya

Sibul

Sta. Filomena Sevilla

Reddish Brown

Black/Grayish Brown

San Manuel

Brooke’s

Nueva Vizcaya 6

Umingan

SOIL Color Groups

(go to page 13) Yellowish/Grayish Brown

(go to pages 11-12)

Bantog Bago

San Juan

Light/Dark Brown


Reddish Brown

Annam (figure on page 15)

Coarse fragments Gravels, pebbles and rock fragments

pH 4.0-6.5

Other features Yellowish brown Fe and Mn concretions

Texture: Clay loam

Guimbalaon (figure on page 19)

Coarse fragments Surface stones and rock outcrops

pH 5.0 – 6.5

Other features Iron (Fe) concretions

Texture: Clay loam

Maligaya (figure on page 20)

Coarse fragments None

pH 6.5-7.5

Other features Brown Fe and black Manganese (Mn) concretions

Texture: Clay loam

Reddish Brown

Nueva Vizcaya 8

Quingua (figure on page 21)


pH 6.0-7.8

Other features Reddish brown streaks on lowland rice

Texture: Clay loam/Silt loam/Silty clay loam


Reddish Brown

Rugao (figure on page 22)

Coarse fragments Partially weathered shales

pH 4.5-7.5

Other features Gray spot mottles; Manganese concretions

Texture: Clay

Sibul (figure on page 26)

Coarse fragments Limestone fragments

pH 5.0-6.0

Other features Whitish streaks

Texture: Clay

Nueva Vizcaya 10

Sevilla (figure on page 25)

Coarse fragments Limestone gravels and cobble-stones of calcareous materials

pH 6.0-7.0

Other features Slightly compact

Texture: Clay loam

Black/Grayish Brown

Sta. Filomena (figure on page 27)

Coarse fragments Reddish brown gravels; weathered pebbles

pH 7.3-7.4

Other features Hard and compact when dry

Texture: Clay loam/Clay


Light/Dark Brown

Brooke’s (figure on page 18)

Coarse fragments Soft weathered rocks

pH 6.2-6.4

Other features Manganese (Mn) concretions

Texture: Clay/Loam/Sandy loam

San Juan (figure on page 23)

Coarse fragments River-washed stones in the subsoil

pH 5.5-9.0

Other features Brown mottles; compact

Texture: Clay/Sandy clay

Nueva Vizcaya 12

San Manuel (figure on page 24)


pH 5.5-6.5

Other features Red mottles

Texture: Loam/Silt loam/Sandy loam

Light/Dark Brown

Umingan (figure on page 28)

Coarse fragments River-washed stones and gravels

pH 5.6-7.9

Other features Fe and Mn concretions; mottles

Texture: Sandy loam


Yellowish/Grayish Brown

Bago (figure on page 16)


pH 6.5-7.5

Other features Soft powdery grayish-brown concretions; brown spot mottles; hard; compact

Texture: Clay loam

Bantog (figure on page 17)


pH 5.6-7.5

Other features Yellowish brown mottles

Texture: Clay/Clay loam

Nueva Vizcaya 14

SOIL Profile and Characteristics


Annam Soil Fertility Indicators

Inherent fertility Low to moderate

Soil pH Acid (4.2-6.2)

Organic matter Low to moderate

Phosphorus (P) Low

Potassium (K) Low

Nutrient retention (CEC)

Moderate

Base saturation Low to moderate

Salinity hazard None

Soil Type: Clay loam Area: 88,933.40 ha

Physical Soil Qualities

Relief Rolling to hilly and mountainous

Water retention High

Drainage Good

Permeability Moderate

Workability/tilth Moderate

Stoniness

Large quantity of gravels, pebbles, cobble stones, and boulders in the subsoil

Root depth Deep (>1m)

Erosion Severe

Family: Fine, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Haplustults

Fine-textured soil with no particular mineral that dominates (mixed). It has a mean annual soil temperature of higher than 22°C (isohyperthermic). This is a typical (typic) representative of the great group Haplustults which exhibits minimum complexity in its horizona-tion (Hapl-); found in areas with pronounced wet and dry seasons (ust-). It is an intensely weathered soil with accumulation of clay in its un-derlying horizon, acidic, and has a low base status (-ult, Ultisol).

00 cm

18

52

74

Ap

94

Bw2

BC1

BC2

Bw1

Nueva Vizcaya 16

Bago Soil Fertility Indicators

Inherent fertility Moderate to high

Soil pH Slightly acid to neutral (6.0-7.5)

Organic matter Low

Phosphorus (P) High

Potassium (K) Low


Moderate

Base saturation High



Relief Level to undulating

Water retention Moderate to high

Drainage Poor

Permeability Slow


Stoniness None

Root depth Deep (>1 m)

Flooding Slight

Soil Type: Sandy clay loam/Clay Area: 5,225.76 ha

Family: Fine, isohyperthermic, Vertic Endoaquolls

Fine-textured soil containing a large amount of clay (35-60%) with isohyperthermic temperature regime (>22°C). It is dominated by clays that shrink and swell producing wide cracks and slickensides due to repeated wetting and drying (vertic). It is saturated with wa-ter repeatedly throughout the profile (Endo-) manifested by its gray color as indicative of poor internal drainage (aqu-). It is a dark-

colored and fertile soil with high base status and neutral to medium acid pH which are formed under grassland (-oll, Mollisol).

00 cm

28

43

88

Apg1

Apg2

Btg1

Btg2



Relief Flat


Drainage Poor

Permeability Slow


Stoniness None


Flooding None to seasonal

Soil Type: Clay/Clay loam Area: 9,719.97 ha

Family: Very fine, clayey, montmorillonitic, isohyperthermic, Pellusterts

A very fine clayey-textured soil having >60% clay dominated by miner-als with high shrink-and-swell capacity (montmorillonitic). It has a mean annual soil temperature of higher than 22°C (isohyperthermic). This soil belong to the order Vertisol (-ert) characterized by deep wide cracks, slickensides; very sticky when wet and compact when dry. It is low in chroma (pell-) and can be found in areas with pronounced wet and dry seasons (-ust, ustic).

Soil Fertility Indicators



Organic matter Moderate

Phosphorus (P) Moderate

Potassium (K) Low


High



Bantog

00 cm

13

24

42

Ap

69

Bwg1

Bwg2

Bwg3

Bwg4

Nueva Vizcaya 18

Family: Fine loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Dystrudepts

A fine loamy-textured soil (18-35% clay and >15% sand) with no particular minerals that dominates (mixed) and has isohyperther-mic temperature regime (>22°C). It is a typical representative of the great group Dystrudepts that has low base saturation (Dyst-)

which is found in areas with well distributed rainfall (-udic). It is an inceptisol (-epts, Latin, inceptum, beginning), indicating that this

soil is in its incipient development toward a mature soil but has not yet fully developed its diagnostic horizons.


Inherent fertility Low

Soil pH Slightly acid (6.0-6.6)


Phosphorus (P) Low

Potassium (K) Low

Nutrient retention (CEC) Low

Base saturation Low



Relief Level to slightly undulating


Drainage Poor


Workability/tilth Easy

Stoniness Few soft weathered rocks

Root depth Moderate to deep (≤1m)

Erosion/Flooding None

Soil Type: Loam Area: 1,585.13 ha

Brooke’s

00 cm

16

35

48

Ap

Bw3

Bw2

Bw1



Soil pH Slightly acid

(5.0-6.5)



Potassium (K) Low


Low

Base saturation Moderate


Guimbalaon


Relief Rolling to mountainous

Water retention Low to moderate

Drainage Good

Permeability Moderate to rapid


Stoniness Surface stones and rock outcrops


Erosion Severe

Soil Type: Clay loam/Loam Area: 88,310.17 ha

Family: Fine, isohyperthermic, Typic Hapludalfs

Fine-textured soil with 35-60% clay content and isohyperthermic (>22°C) temperature regime. It is a typical representative of the great group Hapludalfs which exhibits minimum complexity of hori-zonation (Hapl-) and is found in areas with well-distributed rainfall (-ud, udic). It is an old soil which has undergone extensive weather-ing but has retained a high base status in its horizon (-alf, Alfisol). It

has relatively low fertility status and low to moderate pH.

00 cm

15

39

69

74

Ap

Bw

Bt1

Bt2

Bt3


Nueva Vizcaya 20

Maligaya




Drainage Poor

Permeability Slow

Workability/tilth Hard

Stoniness None


Flooding None to seasonal


Family: Fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic, Typic Epiaquerts

A fine-textured soil with high amounts of clay (35-60%) dominated by minerals with high shrink-and-swell capacity (smectitic). It is a typical representative of great the group Epiaquerts. It is saturated with water repeatedly (aqu-) manifested by its grayish color with or without mottles as indicative of poor internal drainage. This soil belong to the order Ver-tisol (-ert) characterized by deep wide cracks, slickensides, very sticky when wet, and compact when dry. The mean annual soil temperature is higher than 22°C (isohyperthermic).

00 cm

8

16

40

53

74

Apg1

Apg2

Btg1

Btg2




Organic matter Low to moderate

Phosphorus (P) Moderate to high

Potassium (K) Low

Nutrient retention (CEC) High




Quingua



Water retention Moderate

Drainage Good



Stoniness None


Flooding Subject to seasonal river flooding

Soil Type: Clay loam/Silt loam Area: 14,518.67 ha

Family: Fine loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Hapludalfs

Fine loamy-textured soil with moderate amount of clay (18-35%) and with no particular mineral that dominates (mixed). It has an isohyper-thermic temperature regime (>22°C). This is a typical representative of the great group Hapludalfs which exhibits minimum complexity in its horizonation (hapl-) and is found in areas with well-distributed rain-fall (-ud, udic). It is an old soil which has undergone extensive weath-ering but has retained a high base status in its horizon (-alf, Alfisol).


Inherent fertility Moderate



Phosphorus (P) Low

Potassium (K) Moderate


High


Salinity hazard Low

00 cm

18

39

Ap

AB

Bw1

87

112

Bw2

Bw3

Nueva Vizcaya 22



Soil pH Acid to neutral (4.5-7.5)


Phosphorus (P) Low





Rugao


Relief Rolling to hilly


Drainage Moderate


Workability/tilth Moderate to hard

Stoniness Iron (Fe) concretions


Erosion Slight

Soil Type: Clay/Sandy loam Area: 1,850.33 ha

Family: Fine, mixed, isohyperthermic, Aquic Hapludalfs

Fine-textured soil with 35-60% clay content with no particular mineral that

dominates (mixed). It has an isohyperthermic temperature regime (>22°C). This soil is wetter than the typical due to fluctuating groundwater during rainy

season where some part of the soil within 1 m deep is saturated for several

days, but water table recedes during the dry period (aquic). It is a repre-sentative of the great group Haplustalfs, which exhibits minimum complexi-ty of horizonation (Hapl-) and is found in areas with well-distributed rainfall (-

ud, udic). It is an Alfisol (-alf), meaning there is alluvial accumulation of clay in the subsoil horizons from the underlying horizons.

71

36

20

00 cm

Ap

AB

Bt1

Bt2



Soil pH Moderately acid to neutral (5.5-7.2)


Phosphorus (P) Low to high

Potassium (K) Low


High



San Juan


Relief Undulating to hilly


Drainage Poor

Permeability Slow


Stoniness River-washed stones in the subsoil

Root depth Shallow (≥0.50m)

Erosion Moderate to severe

Soil Type: Clay Area: 671.42 ha

Family: Fine loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Eutrustepts

Fine loamy-textured soil (18-35% clay and >15% sand) with no particular mineral that dominates (mixed). It has an isohyperther-mic (>22°C) temperature regime. This is a typical representative of the great group Eutrustepts. It is a young soil in its incipient development stage towards a mature soil (-ept, Inceptisol) that has high base saturation (eutr-). It is found in areas with pro-nounced wet and dry seasons (-ust).


00 cm

13

58

91

Ap

Bw1

Bw2

BC

Nueva Vizcaya 24



Soil pH Slightly acid to neutral (5.5 - 7.2)







00 cm

5

35

69

Ap1

Ap2

Bw1

89

Bw2

Bw3

San Manuel



Water retention Poor

Drainage Good

Permeability Moderate to rapid


Stoniness None


Flooding Seasonal

Soil Type: Silt loam/Sandy loam Area: 4,404.51 ha

Family: Fine loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Fluventic Eutrustepts

Fine loamy textured soil (18-35% clay and >15% sand) with no particu-lar mineral of any kind that dominates (mixed). It has an isohyperther-mic (>22°C) temperature regime. It is a representative of the great group Eutrustepts which occurs on river floodplains and subject to seasonal river flooding (Fluventic). This soil exhibits high base satura-tion (eutr-) and has a moisture regime characteristically having pro-nounced wet and dry seasons (ust-). It is a young soil in its incipient development stage toward mature soil but has not yet fully developed its diagnostic horizons (ept-, Inceptisol).









Moderate



Sevilla


Relief Rolling to hilly and steep


Drainage Moderate



Stoniness Limestone gravels; calcareous sandstones and shales

Root depth Moderate to deep (0.8-1 m)

Erosion Severe


Family: Fine, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Eutrudepts

Fine-textured soil with 65% clay composed of mixed minerals. It is a young soil in its incipient development stage toward mature soil but has not yet fully developed its diagnostic horizons (-ept, Inceptisol). It is a typical representative of the great group Eutrudepts that has high base saturation (eutr-) which is found in areas with well-distributed rainfall (-ud, udic).It has a mean annual soil temperature higher than 22°C (isohyperthermic).

00 cm

26

47

Apg

BC

C

Nueva Vizcaya 26



Soil pH Slightly acid (5.0-6.5)


Phosphorus (P) Low

Potassium (K) Low


Moderate



Sibul


Relief Hilly


Drainage Poor



Stoniness Spherical concretions; massive lime rocks

Root depth Shallow (<0.5m)

Erosion Slight to moderate

Soil Type: Clay Area: 8,966.66 ha

Family: Fine to very fine, isohyperthermic, Typic Eutrudepts

Fine to very fine-textured soil containing above 60% clay with correspondingly low amount of sand and silt. It is a young soil in its incipient development stage toward mature soil but has not yet fully developed its diagnostic horizons (-ept, Inceptisol). It is a typical representative of the great group Eutrudepts that has high base saturation (eutr-) which is found in areas with well-distributed rainfall (-ud, udic).It has a mean annual soil tempera-ture higher than 22°C (isohyperthermic).

00 cm

10

31

55

Ap

Bw1

BC

175

Bw2



Soil pH Slightly alkaline (7.3-7.4)


Phosphorus (P) Low

Potassium (K) Low

Nutrient retention (CEC) Moderate

Base saturation Low



Relief Undulating to gently rolling


Drainage Moderate



Stoniness Gravels; weathered pebbles and stones

Root depth Deep (>0.9m)

Erosion Slight

Soil Type: Clay loam Area: 451.55 ha

Family: Fine loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Typic Dystrudepts

A fine loamy-textured soil (18-35% clay and >15% sand) with no particular minerals that dominates (mixed) and has isohyperther-mic temperature regime (>22°C). It is a typical representative of the great group Dystrudepts that has low base saturation (Dyst-)

which is found in areas with well-distributed rainfall (-udic). It is an inceptisol (-epts, Latin, inceptum, or beginning), indicating that this

soil is in its incipient development toward a mature soil but has not yet fully developed its diagnostic horizons.


Sta. Filomena

00 cm

10

31

73

Ap

BA

Bt

BC

Nueva Vizcaya 28


Inherent fertility High


Organic matter Low


Potassium (K) Low to moderate


High

Base saturation Moderate to high



Relief Level


Drainage Good



Stoniness Gravels and stones


Erosion None

Flooding Seasonal near river bank

Soil Type: Loam/Sandy loam Area: 1,714.11 ha

Family: Loamy skeletal, mixed, isohyperthermic, Fluventic Haplustepts

A loamy-textured soil with many gravels and pebbles (skeletal) occur-ring along the banks of rivers. Hence, it is subject to flooding (fluventic) receiving yearly depositions of alluvial soil materials from rivers. It is in its incipient development stage toward a mature soil (-ept, Inceptisol) but has not yet fully developed its diagnostic horizons (Hapl-). It is found in areas with pronounced wet and dry seasons (-ust, Ustic) and has an annual soil temperature higher than 22°C (isohyperthermic).

Umingan

00 cm

16

27

70

Ap

AB

Bw1

Bw2

99

BC


Soil productivity is the quality that summarizes soil potential in producing plants or sequences of plants under defined sets of management practices. It is also a synthesis of conditions of soil fertility, water control, plant species, soil tilth, pest control and phys-ical environment (Bainroth, 1978: Badayos, 1990). In economic terms, it is a measure of the amount of in-puts of production factors required to correct soil limi-tation(s) to attain a certain level of production. It is expressed as average crop yield under defined sets of management classes (Badayos, 1990). Soil productivity index is used for making compari-sons among soils; categorized into inherent and potential. Inherent productivity is the natural capacity of the soil to produce a given yield; potential refers to its capacity to produce yield after correctible soil con-straints had been remedied. In economics, the pre-dicted inherent yield is calculated by multiplying the inherent index by the maximum potential yield (MPY) of rice; predicted maximum possible yield is comput-ed by multiplying the potential index by the MPY. For instance, MPY in the dry season is 8 tons/ha, and inherent and potential productivity ratings for Annam series are 0.23 and 0.35, respectively. The predicted inherent and potential yields of rice in Annam soils are then 1.84 and 2.80 tons/ha.

SOIL Productivity

Nueva Vizcaya 30

Soil Series Inherent

Productivity Potential

Productivity

Annam 0.23 0.35

Bago 0.57 0.75

Bantog 0.76 0.90

Brooke’s 0.57 0.72

Guimbalaon 0.50 0.60

Maligaya 0.81 0.91

Quingua 0.55 0.65

Rugao 0.62 0.80

San Juan 0.65 0.80

San Manuel 0.42 0.55

Sevilla 0.73 0.83

Sibul 0.68 0.78

Sta. Filomena 0.57 0.72

Umingan 0.32 0.45

Table 1. Soil productivity index for rice.


Soil suitability classification refers to the use of a piece of land on a sustainable basis based on physical and chemi-cal properties and environmental factors. It is the ultimate aim of soil survey and may come up through a good judg-ment and thorough evaluation of soil properties and quali-ties such as depth, texture, slope, drainage, erosion, flood-ing, and fertility. Based on these soil properties, the suita-bility of a certain tract of land for crop production can be determined. Suitability ratings denote qualitative analysis of the potential of the soil to grow different crops. They imply what crop(s) would give the highest benefit in terms of productivity and profitability from a given soil type, indicat-ed by S1 as the most suitable down to S3 as marginally suitable. The symbol N implies that the crop is either cur-rently not suitable (N1) where the effect of limitation is so severe as greatly to reduce the yield or to require costly inputs, or permanently not suitable (N2) where the limita-tions cannot be corrected permanently. Crop suitability analysis also provides information on soil properties that limit the production of specified crop(s). When using a parametric system, the soil index can be equated into percentages shown below. It means that you can attain 75% of the potential crop yield when the soil index is highly suitable; less than 25% of the potential yield when the soil index is not suitable. S1: soil index >75 S3: soil index 25-50 S2: soil index 50-75 N: soil index <25

CROP

Suitability Analysis

Nueva Vizcaya 32

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on

Su

ga

rcan

e

S3

ctw

sf

S2

cw

f S

2cw

f S

3cw

f S

2ctw

f

Ric

e Irr

iga

ted

Lo

wla

nd

N

2

S2

cw

sft

S

2cw

sf

S2

cw

sft

N

2

Ric

e R

ain

fed

Up

lan

d

N2

S

3cw

sf

S3

cw

f S

3cw

sf

S3

ctw

f

Ric

e R

ain

fed

Lo

wla

nd

N

2

S3

cw

sf

S3

cw

sf

N2

N

2

Co

co

nu

t S

3cts

f N

1cw

N

1cw

f N

1cw

f S

2ctf

Su

itab

ilit

y R

ati

ng

s:

Lim

itati

on

s d

ue t

o:

S1 -

H

igh

ly s

uitab

le

t -

Top

ogra

ph

y;

slo

pe

S2 -

M

od

era

tely

su

itab

le

w -

D

rain

ag

e;

flood

ing

S3 -

M

arg

inally

su

itable

s -

T

ext

ure

; coars

e f

ragm

ents

; soil

depth

N1 -

C

urr

ently n

ot

su

itab

le

f -

Soil

fert

ility

N2 -

P

erm

an

ently n

ot

suitab

le

c -

C

limate

Ta

ble

2a

. T

he

cro

p s

uita

bili

ty r

atin

gs fo

r d

iffe

ren

t so

il se

rie

s o

f N

ueva

Viz

ca

ya

(co

ntin

ua

tio

n)

.


Ph

ilip

pin

es

To

p A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Co

mm

od

ity

SO

IL S

ER

IES

Ma

lig

aya

Qu

ing

ua

Ru

gao

S

an

Ju

an

S

an

Ma

nu

el

Su

ga

rcan

e

S2

cw

f S

2cw

f S

2cts

S

2ctw

s

S2

cw

f

Ric

e Irr

iga

ted

Lo

wla

nd

S2

cft

S3

cw

sft

N

2

N2

S

3cw

sft

Ric

e R

ain

fed

Up

lan

d

S3

cw

sf

S3

cw

f S

2cts

S

3ctw

s

S3

cw

sf

Ric

e R

ain

fed

Lo

wla

nd

S2

csf

S3

cw

sf

S3

ctw

s

N1

ctw

s

S3

cw

sf

Co

co

nu

t N

1cw

S

2cw

f S

2ct

N1

ctw

s

S2

cw

f

Ta

ble

2a

. (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n)

Nueva Vizcaya 34

Ph

ilip

pin

es

To

p A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Co

mm

od

ity

SO

IL S

ER

IES

Se

vil

la

Sib

ul

Sta

. F

ilo

me

na

U

min

ga

n

Su

ga

rcan

e

S2

cts

f S

3ctw

sf

S2

cts

f S

3cw

sf

Ric

e Irr

iga

ted

Lo

wla

nd

N

2

N2

N

2

S3

cw

sf

Ric

e R

ain

fed

Up

lan

d

S2

cts

f S

3ctw

sf

S2

cts

f S

3cw

sf

Ric

e R

ain

fed

Lo

wla

nd

S

3ctw

sf

N1ctw

sf

S3

ctw

sf

N2

Co

co

nu

t S

2cts

N

1ctw

s

S2

cts

f S

2cw

sf

Su

itab

ilit

y R

ati

ng

s:

Lim

itati

on

s d

ue t

o:

S1 -

H

igh

ly s

uitab

le

t -

Top

ogra

ph

y;

slo

pe

S2 -

M

od

era

tely

su

itab

le

w -

D

rain

ag

e;

flood

ing

S3 -

M

arg

inally

su

itable

s -

T

ext

ure

; coars

e f

ragm

ents

; soil

depth

N1 -

C

urr

ently n

ot

su

itab

le

f -

Soil

fert

ility

N2 -

P

erm

an

ently n

ot

suitab

le

c -

C

limate

Ta

ble

2b

. T

he

cro

p s

uita

bili

ty r

atin

gs fo

r d

iffe

ren

t so

il se

rie

s o

f N

ueva

Viz

ca

ya

.


Ph

ilip

pin

es

To

p A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Co

mm

od

ity

SO

IL S

ER

IES

An

na

m

Ba

go

B

an

tog

B

roo

ke

’s

Gu

imb

ala

on

Ba

na

na

S3

cts

f S

3cw

sf

S3

cw

f S

3cw

f S

3ctf

Ma

ize

N

1cts

f S

3cw

f S

3cw

f S

3cw

f N

1ctw

f

Pin

ea

pp

le

S3

ctw

sf

N2

N

2

S3

cw

f S

3ctw

sf

Ca

ssava

S3

cts

f N

2

N1

cw

f N

1cw

s

S2

ctf

Ma

ng

o

S3

ctw

sf

S3

cw

f S

2cw

f S

3cw

f S

3ctw

f

Cam

ote

S

3ctw

sf

S3

ctw

f S

3cw

f S

3cw

f S

3ctf

Nueva Vizcaya 36

Ta

ble

2b

. (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n)

Ph

ilip

pin

es

To

p A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Co

mm

od

ity

SO

IL S

ER

IES

Ma

lig

aya

Q

uin

gu

a

Ru

gao

S

an

Ju

an

S

an

Ma

nu

el

Ba

na

na

S3

cw

f S

3cw

f S

3cts

f S

3ctw

s

S3

cw

sf

Ma

ize

S

2cw

S

3cw

f S

3cts

f S

3ctw

sf

S3

cw

sf

Pin

ea

pp

le

N2

N

2

S3

cts

f S

3ctw

sf

N2

Ca

ssava

N1cw

f N

2

S3

ctw

f N

2

N2

Ma

ng

o

S2

cw

S

3cw

f S

3cts

f S

3ctw

sf

S3

cw

sf

Cam

ote

S

3cw

f S

3cw

f S

3ctf

S

3ctw

s

S3

cw

f

Su

itab

ilit

y R

ati

ng

s:

Lim

itati

on

s d

ue t

o:

S1 -

H

igh

ly s

uitab

le

t -

Top

ogra

ph

y;

slo

pe

S2 -

M

od

era

tely

su

itab

le

w -

D

rain

ag

e;

flood

ing

S3 -

M

arg

inally

su

itable

s -

T

ext

ure

; coars

e f

ragm

ents

; soil

depth

N1 -

C

urr

ently n

ot

su

itab

le

f -

Soil

fert

ility

N2 -

P

erm

an

ently n

ot

suitab

le

c -

C

limate

Ta

ble

2b

. T

he

cro

p s

uita

bili

ty r

atin

gs fo

r d

iffe

ren

t so

il se

rie

s o

f N

ueva

Viz

ca

ya

(co

ntin

ua

tio

n).


Ph

ilip

pin

es

To

p A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Co

mm

od

ity

SO

IL S

ER

IES

Se

vil

la

Sib

ul

Sta

. F

ilo

me

na

Um

ing

an

Ba

na

na

S3

ctf

S3

ctw

sf

S3

ctf

S3

cw

f

Ma

ize

S

2cts

N

1ctw

sf

S2

cts

f S

3cw

sf

Pin

ea

pp

le

S3

cts

f S

3ctw

sf

S3

cts

f N

2

Ca

ssava

S2

ctw

sf

N2

S

2ctw

sf

N1

cw

sf

Ma

ng

o

S2

cts

S

3ctw

sf

S2

cts

f S

2cw

sf

Cam

ote

S

3ctf

S3

ctw

sf

S3

ctf

S3

cw

sf

Nueva Vizcaya 38

Ta

ble

2c. T

he

cro

p s

uita

bili

ty r

atin

gs fo

r d

iffe

ren

t so

il se

rie

s o

f N

ueva

Viz

ca

ya

.

Ph

ilip

pin

es

To

p A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Co

mm

od

ity

SO

IL S

ER

IES

An

na

m

Ba

go

B

an

tog

B

roo

ke

’s

Gu

imb

ala

on

To

ma

to

S3

ctw

sf

S3

cw

f S

3cw

f S

3ctw

s

S3

ctw

sf

Pa

pa

ya

S

3cts

f N

2

N2

N

1cw

f S

3ctf

Ca

bb

age

S3

cts

f N

2

S3

cw

f S

3cw

f S

3cts

f

On

ion

N

1ctw

sf

N2

N

2

S3

cw

f S

3ctw

sf

Po

tato

S

3ts

f S

2w

sf

S3

wsf

S2

wf

S2

tf

Su

itab

ilit

y R

ati

ng

s:

Lim

itati

on

s d

ue t

o:

S1 -

H

igh

ly s

uitab

le

t -

Top

ogra

ph

y;

slo

pe

S2 -

M

od

era

tely

su

itab

le

w -

D

rain

ag

e;

flood

ing

S3 -

M

arg

inally

su

itable

s -

T

ext

ure

; coars

e f

ragm

ents

; soil

depth

N1 -

C

urr

ently n

ot

su

itab

le

f -

Soil

fert

ility

N2 -

P

erm

an

ently n

ot

suitab

le

c -

C

limate

Ta

ble

2c. T

he

cro

p s

uita

bili

ty r

atin

gs fo

r d

iffe

ren

t so

il se

rie

s o

f N

ueva

Viz

ca

ya

(co

ntin

ua

tio

n).


Ph

ilip

pin

es

To

p A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Co

mm

od

ity

SO

IL S

ER

IES

Ma

lig

aya

Q

uin

gu

a

Ru

gao

S

an

Ju

an

S

an

Ma

nu

el

To

ma

to

S3

cw

f S

3cw

f S

3ct

S3

ctw

s

S3

cw

f

Pa

pa

ya

N

2

N2

S

3ctw

f N

1ctw

sf

N2

Ca

bb

age

N1

cw

N

1cw

f S

2ct

S3

ctw

s

N1

cw

f

On

ion

N

2

N1

cw

f S

3cts

f S

3cw

sf

N2

Po

tato

S

2w

S

2w

f S

2t

S2

tws

S2

wf

Nueva Vizcaya 40

Ta

ble

2c. (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n)

Ph

ilip

pin

es

To

p A

gri

cu

ltu

ral

Co

mm

od

ity

SO

IL S

ER

IES

Se

vil

la

Sib

ul

Sta

. F

ilo

me

na

U

min

ga

n

To

ma

to

S3

cts

f N

2

S3

cts

f S

3cw

sf

Pa

pa

ya

S

2ctw

sf

N1ctw

sf

S2

ctw

sf

N2

Ca

bb

age

S2

cts

S

3ctw

sf

S3

cts

f N

1cw

sf

On

ion

S

3cts

f S

3ctw

sf

S3

cts

f N

2

Po

tato

S

2ts

f S

3tw

sf

S2

tsf

S2

ws

Su

itab

ilit

y R

ati

ng

s:

Lim

itati

on

s d

ue t

o:

S1 -

H

igh

ly s

uitab

le

t -

Top

ogra

ph

y;

slo

pe

S2 -

M

od

era

tely

su

itab

le

w -

D

rain

ag

e;

flood

ing

S3 -

M

arg

inally

su

itable

s -

T

ext

ure

; coars

e f

ragm

ents

; soil

depth

N1 -

C

urr

ently n

ot

su

itab

le

f -

Soil

fert

ility

N2 -

P

erm

an

ently n

ot

suitab

le

c -

C

limate


Ta

ble

2d

. T

he

cro

p s

uita

bili

ty r

atin

gs fo

r d

iffe

ren

t so

il se

rie

s o

f N

ueva

Viz

ca

ya

.

Oth

er

Ag

ric

ult

ura

l

C

om

mo

dit

y

SO

IL S

ER

IES

An

na

m

Ba

go

B

an

tog

B

roo

ke

’s

Gu

imb

ala

on

Be

an

s

S3

ctw

sf

S3

cw

f S

3cw

f S

3cw

sf

N2

Ca

bb

age

S3

cts

f N

2

S3

cw

f S

3cw

f S

3cts

f

Citru

s

S3

tsf

N2

N

2

N1

wsf

S2

tsf

Pe

an

ut

N1

ctw

sf

N2

N

1cw

sf

N1

cw

f S

3ctw

f

Wa

term

elo

n

S3

ctw

sf

S3

cw

sf

S3

cw

sf

S3

cw

sf

S3

ctw

f

Ta

ble

2d

. (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n)

Nueva Vizcaya 42

Oth

er

Ag

ric

ult

ura

l

C

om

mo

dit

y

SO

IL S

ER

IES

Ma

lig

aya

Q

uin

gu

a

Ru

gao

S

an

Ju

an

S

an

Ma

nu

el

Be

an

s

S2

cw

f S

3cw

f S

3cts

f S

3ctw

s

S3

cw

sf

Ca

bb

age

N1cw

N

1cw

f S

2ct

S3

ctw

s

N1cw

f

Citru

s

N2

N

2

S3

twsf

N1tw

s

N2

Pe

an

ut

N2

N

2

S3

ctw

sf

N1ctw

sf

N2

Wa

term

elo

n

S3

cw

sf

S3

cw

sf

S2

cts

f S

3ctw

sf

S2

ctw

sf


Ta

ble

2d

. T

he

cro

p s

uita

bili

ty r

atin

gs fo

r d

iffe

ren

t so

il se

rie

s o

f N

ueva

Viz

ca

ya

(co

ntin

ua

tio

n).

Oth

er

Ag

ric

ult

ura

l C

om

mo

dit

y

SO

IL S

ER

IES

Se

vil

la

Sib

ul

Sta

. F

ilo

me

na

U

min

ga

n

Be

an

s

S2

cts

f S

3ctw

sf

S2

cts

f S

2cw

sf

Ca

bb

age

S2

cts

S

3ctw

sf

S3

cts

f N

1cw

sf

Citru

s

S3

tws

N2

S

2tw

sf

N2

Pe

an

ut

S2

cts

N

1ctw

sf

S2

ctw

sf

N1

cw

sf

Wa

term

elo

n

S2

cts

f N

2

S3

cts

f S

3cw

sf

Su

itab

ilit

y R

ati

ng

s:

Lim

itati

on

s d

ue t

o:

S1 -

H

igh

ly s

uitab

le

t -

Top

ogra

ph

y;

slo

pe

S2 -

M

od

era

tely

su

itab

le

w -

D

rain

ag

e;

flood

ing

S3 -

M

arg

inally

su

itable

s -

T

ext

ure

; coars

e f

ragm

ents

; soil

depth

N1 -

C

urr

ently n

ot

su

itab

le

f -

Soil

fert

ility

N2 -

P

erm

an

ently n

ot

suitab

le

c -

C

limate

Nueva Vizcaya 44

Soil management aims to protect the soil and en-hance its performance to increase farm profitability and preserve environmental quality. It is the combi-nation of soil factors to maximize crop production at the lowest possible cost while maintaining the soil’s productive state. It involves maintaining the soil in good physical condition and fertility status, and influencing the biological aspect of the soil to attain maximum benefits (Harpstead, et al. 1997).

Soil management recommendations suitable for each soil identified are enumerated in the succeeding pag-es. Soil factors such as slope, texture, and climate cannot be changed. However, control tillage, crop rotations, soil amendments, and other management choices can be done. Through these choices, the structure, biological activity, and chemical content of the soil can be altered and later on influence erosion rates, pest population, nutrient availability, and crop production.

Recommendations SOIL Management

Ta

ble

3. L

imita

tio

ns to

cro

p p

rodu

ctio

n a

nd

re

com

me

nd

ed

ma

na

gem

en

t s

tra

teg

ies fo

r d

iffe

ren

t

cro

ps w

he

n g

row

n in

a g

iven

so

il se

rie

s.

So

il

Se

ries

Lim

itati

on

f

or

cro

p p

rod

ucti

on

So

il M

an

ag

em

en

t R

ec

om

men

dati

on

s

Ric

e

Div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Ro

ot

cro

ps

T

ree

/Fo

res

t/

Pla

nta

tio

n c

rop

s

An

na

m

Alu

min

um

(A

l) a

nd I

ron

(Fe)

To

xic

ity; acid

ic s

oil;

ru

n-o

ff; slo

pin

g top

ogra

-phy c

ause

s e

xce

ssiv

e

ero

sio

n;

pre

se

nce o

f la

rge a

mo

unt

of

gra

ve

ls,

pebb

les, cobb

le s

tone

s,

and b

ould

ers

Perm

ane

ntly n

ot

suita

ble

for

rice

pro

ductio

n

Marg

inally

suitab

le f

or

div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s;

lim-

ing;

co

nto

ur

terr

acin

g;

gre

en m

anuri

ng;

larg

e

initia

l app

licatio

n o

f pho

sp

ha

te f

ert

ilizers

; str

ip c

rop

pin

g

Marg

inally

suited f

or

root cro

ps;

limin

g;

conto

ur

terr

acin

g;

app

licatio

n o

f or-

ga

nic

matter

to

impro

ve s

oil

fert

ility

Suited

for

seco

nd

ary

gro

wth

fore

st; c

an b

e

pla

nte

d t

o c

oco

nut,

papa

ya a

nd m

ang

o

tree

s

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s-r

oot cro

ps/t

ree

s

Ba

go

Poor

dra

inage;

slo

wer

N

min

era

lizatio

n; Z

n d

efi-

cie

ncy in r

ice; K

defi-

cie

ncy;

low

org

anic

m

atter

Suff

icie

nt

irrig

atio

n

sup

ply

with a

de-

quate

dra

ina

ge;

OM

incorp

ora

tio

n;

gre

en m

anuri

ng; K

fe

rtili

zatio

n;

app

li-catio

n o

f Z

nS

2O

4

in low

land r

ice

w

he

n d

eficie

ncy

occurs

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o

sug

arc

ane, co

rn a

nd

tom

ato

; O

M inco

rpo

ra-

tio

n;

suff

icie

nt

irrig

a-

tio

n s

upp

ly w

ith a

de

-quate

dra

ina

ge; g

ree

n

manuri

ng; fe

rtili

zatio

n

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o

root cro

ps p

rovid

ed

w

ith g

ood d

rain

age

syste

m a

nd a

de

-quate

irr

igatio

n

sup

ply

; ad

eq

uate

fe

rtili

zatio

n;

OM

in

co

rpo

ratio

n

Fru

it t

ree

s lik

e m

ang

o

and b

ana

na;

pro

vid

e

good d

rain

age s

yste

m

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: rice

-ric

e;

rice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/r

oot cro

ps/tre

es


Ta

ble

3. (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n).

So

il

Seri

es

L

imit

ati

on

f

or

cro

p p

rod

ucti

on

So

il M

an

ag

em

en

t R

ec

om

men

dati

on

s

Ric

e

Div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Ro

ot

cro

ps

T

ree/F

ore

st/

P

lan

tati

on

cro

ps

Ba

nto

g

Poor

dra

inage;

hig

h

shrink a

nd s

we

ll capaci-

ty u

po

n w

ett

ing a

nd

dry

ing, p

rod

ucin

g w

ide

cra

cks in t

he s

oil,

ha

rd

whe

n d

ry;

sea

so

na

l flood

ing in low

are

as;

slo

w p

erm

eab

ility

Pra

ctice

sha

llow

cultiv

atio

n w

he

n s

oil

mois

ture

is a

t op

ti-

mum

; suited f

or

irrigate

d a

nd r

ain

fed

padd

y r

ice; m

ain

tain

pro

pe

rly t

he p

add

y

dik

es;

esta

blis

hm

ent

of

flood c

ontr

ol

syste

m

Constr

uctio

n o

f ade-

quate

dra

ina

ge,

irriga-

tio

n a

nd f

lood c

ontr

ol

syste

ms d

ue to s

ea-

so

na

l flood

ing h

azard

in

low

are

as;

use o

f bro

ad

bed

s,

ridge

s o

r fu

rrow

s a

nd m

ulc

hin

g;

app

licatio

n o

f org

anic

m

atter

and f

arm

ma-

nure

Esta

blis

hm

ent

of

adeq

ua

te d

rain

ag

e

and irr

igatio

n s

ys-

tem

s; ap

plic

atio

n

of

org

anic

matter

and f

arm

manure

; can b

e p

lante

d to

cam

ote

and p

ota

to

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o s

ha

l-lo

w-r

oote

d f

ruit tre

es

like b

ana

na a

nd

man-

go; e

sta

blis

hm

ent of

adeq

ua

te d

rain

ag

e a

nd

flood c

ontr

ol syste

m

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: rice

-ric

e;

rice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/r

oot cro

ps

Bro

oke

’s

Low

so

il fe

rtili

ty;

poor

dra

inag

e w

hic

h c

an

cause low

N m

inera

liza

-tio

n a

nd Z

n d

eficie

ncy

Applic

atio

n o

f zin

c

sulfate

in low

land

rice

whe

n d

eficie

ncy

occurs

; N

,P a

nd K

fe

rtili

zatio

n; co

n-

str

uctio

n o

f dra

inage

contr

ol syste

m

Marg

inally

suitab

le f

or

div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s; co

n-

str

uctio

n o

f dra

inage

contr

ol syste

m; fe

rtili

-zatio

n

Can b

e p

lante

d

with p

ota

to; co

n-

str

uctio

n o

f dra

in-

age c

ontr

ol sys-

tem

; fe

rtili

zatio

n

Suited

for

ba

na

na a

nd

mango t

ree

s;

co

nstr

uc-

tio

n o

f dra

ina

ge c

ontr

ol

syste

m; fe

rtili

zatio

n

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: rice

-ric

e;

rice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/r

oot cro

ps

Nueva Vizcaya 46

Ta

ble

3. L

imita

tio

ns to

cro

p p

rodu

ctio

n a

nd

re

com

me

nd

ed

ma

na

gem

en

t s

tra

teg

ies fo

r d

iffe

ren

t

cro

ps w

he

n g

row

n in

a g

iven

so

il se

rie

s (

co

ntin

ua

tio

n).


So

il

Se

ries

Lim

itati

on

f

or

cro

p p

rod

ucti

on

So

il M

an

ag

em

en

t R

ec

om

men

dati

on

s

Ric

e

Div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Ro

ot

cro

ps

T

ree

/Fo

res

t/

Pla

nta

tio

n c

rop

s

Gu

imb

ala

on

Low

fert

ility

; ro

lling to

pog

-ra

phy w

hic

h c

ause

s s

ur-

face r

unoff

and s

eve

re

ero

sio

n;

pre

se

nce o

f sto

ne

s a

nd r

ock o

utc

rop

s

Suited

for

rain

fed

up

land r

ice c

ultiv

a-

tio

n; fe

rtili

ze

r ap

pli-

catio

n; ob

serv

e

ero

sio

n c

ontr

ol

measure

s s

uch a

s

conto

ur

plo

win

g,

red

uce

d t

illage,

slo

t pla

nting a

nd s

trip

cro

pp

ing

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o

corn

; fe

rtili

zer

app

li-catio

n; p

ractice

inte

rcro

pp

ing a

nd

str

ip c

rop

pin

g;

slo

t pla

nting

Suited

for

root cro

ps;

fert

ilizer

app

licatio

n;

conto

ur

plo

win

g;

str

ip

cro

pp

ing

It is r

ecom

mended

for

fruit tre

es s

uch

as c

oco

nut,

pap

aya

and c

itru

s; cro

ps

com

mon in t

he a

rea

may b

e g

row

n w

ith

the c

om

bin

atio

n o

f ero

sio

n-p

reve

ntio

n

and w

ate

r co

ntr

ol

pra

ctice

s

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: u

pla

nd r

ice

-corn

/root cro

ps/f

ruit tre

es

Ma

liga

ya

Heavy c

lay p

oo

r dra

in-

age;

hig

h s

hri

nk-a

nd

- sw

ell

ca

pacity u

po

n w

et-

ting

and d

ryin

g, pro

duc-

ing w

ide c

racks in t

he

so

il, h

ard

whe

n d

ry;

ve

ry

slo

w p

erm

eab

ility

Pra

ctice

sha

llow

cultiv

atio

n w

he

n s

oil

mois

ture

is a

t op

ti-

mum

; suited f

or

irrigate

d a

nd low

-la

nd r

ain

fed p

add

y

rice

; m

ain

tain

pro

pe

rly t

he p

add

y

dik

es;

pro

vid

e f

loo

d

and d

rain

ag

e c

ontr

ol

syste

ms

Applic

atio

n o

f fe

rti-

lizers

and o

rga

nic

m

atter;

allo

w p

roper

dra

inag

e s

yste

m in

the f

ield

to a

dd

ress

the h

ea

vy c

lay te

x-

ture

of

this

so

il; u

se

bro

ad

bed

s,

ridge

s

and m

ulc

hin

g

Esta

blis

hm

ent

of

ade-

quate

dra

ina

ge a

nd

irrigatio

n s

yste

m;

use

of

the r

ight kin

d a

nd

am

ount

of

fert

ilizers

in

clu

din

g t

heir m

eth

-ods o

f app

licatio

n;

pro

pe

r tim

ing

of

culti-

vatio

n a

nd p

lanting

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o

mango a

nd b

ana

-na

; e

sta

blis

hm

ent

of

adeq

uate

dra

in-

age a

nd irr

igatio

n

syste

ms

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: rice

-ric

e;

rice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Ta

ble

3. (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n).

So

il

Seri

es

L

imit

ati

on

f

or

cro

p p

rod

ucti

on

So

il M

an

ag

em

en

t R

ec

om

men

dati

on

s

Ric

e

Div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Ro

ot

cro

ps

T

ree/F

ore

st/

P

lan

tati

on

cro

ps

Qu

ing

ua

Low

ava

ilab

le P

; sea-

so

na

l ri

ve

r flood

ing

Marg

inally

suitab

le

for

rice;

pro

vid

e

flood c

ontr

ol

measure

s d

ue

to

sea

so

na

l river

flood

ing; fe

rtili

zer

app

licatio

n;

tim

ing

of

pla

nting

Suited

for

div

ers

ifie

d

cro

ps; co

nstr

uctio

n o

f flood c

ontr

ol syste

m;

tim

ing o

f pla

nting

; fe

rtili

zatio

n

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o

cam

ote

and p

ota

to;

pro

vid

e f

lood c

ontr

ol

measure

s d

ue

to s

ea-

so

na

l ri

ve

r flood

ing;

tim

ing o

f pla

nting

and

fert

ilizer

app

licatio

n

Suited

for

coco

nut,

m

ango a

nd b

ana

-na

; co

nstr

uctio

n o

f flood c

ontr

ol sys-

tem

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: rice

-ric

e;

rice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/r

oot cro

ps/f

ruit t

ree

s

Rug

ao

Rolli

ng t

o h

illy top

ogra

-phy;

sub

so

il hard

enin

g

makin

g t

illag

e d

ifficult;

pre

se

nce o

f so

il ero

sio

n

Suited

for

rain

fed

up

land r

ice; pra

c-

tice s

ha

llow

cultiv

a-

tio

n w

he

n s

oil

mo

is-

ture

is a

t optim

um

and c

onto

ur

tilla

ge;

constr

uctio

n o

f bund

s f

or

up

land o

r te

rracin

g

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o

div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s;

pra

ctice s

oil

ero

sio

n

contr

ol m

ea

sure

s lik

e

conto

ur

plo

win

g,

str

ip

cro

pp

ing

and t

err

ac-

ing

Suitab

le f

or

pota

to; ca

n

be p

lante

d to c

am

ote

and c

assa

va; pra

ctice

so

il e

rosio

n c

ontr

ol

measure

s lik

e c

onto

ur

plo

win

g,

str

ip c

rop

pin

g

and te

rracin

g

Suitab

le f

or

coco-

nut a

nd

coff

ee

rob

usta

; pra

ctice

str

ip c

rop

pin

g a

nd

buff

er

str

ip

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: upla

nd r

ice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/r

oot cro

ps

Nueva Vizcaya 48

Ta

ble

3. L

imita

tio

ns to

cro

p p

rodu

ctio

n a

nd

re

com

me

nd

ed

ma

na

gem

en

t s

tra

teg

ies fo

r d

iffe

ren

t

cro

ps w

he

n g

row

n in

a g

iven

so

il se

rie

s (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n).


So

il

Se

ries

Lim

itati

on

f

or

cro

p p

rod

ucti

on

So

il M

an

ag

em

en

t R

ec

om

men

dati

on

s

Ric

e

Div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Ro

ot

cro

ps

T

ree

/Fo

res

t/

Pla

nta

tio

n c

rop

s

Sa

n J

ua

n

Pre

se

nce o

f d

uri

pa

n t

hat

dam

age

s a

nd

pre

ve

nts

th

e r

oots

fro

m p

enetr

at-

ing d

eep

er;

low

ava

ilab

le

K; poor

dra

ina

ge;

hill

y

topogra

phy w

hic

h c

aus-

es m

ode

rate

to s

eve

re

ero

sio

n a

nd r

unoff

Marg

inally

suita

ble

for

rain

fed u

pla

nd

rice

; ero

sio

n

contr

ol

measure

s-

str

ip c

rop

pin

g,

conto

ur

tilla

ge

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o s

ug

-arc

ane;

use e

rosio

n

contr

ol m

ea

sure

s -

str

ip

cro

pp

ing

, spot

pla

nting

and inte

rcro

pp

ing

Suited

for

pota

to

and c

am

ote

; use

conto

ur

tilla

ge,

buff

er

pla

nting

and inte

rcro

pp

ing

to p

reve

nt

so

il ero

sio

n

Suitab

le f

or

impro

ved

syste

m o

f pa

stu

re, fo

r orc

hard

and

wood

land;

can b

e p

lante

d to b

ana

na

and m

ango t

ree

s

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: ra

infe

d u

pla

nd r

ice

-root cro

ps/s

uga

rcane

Sa

n M

an

uel

Subje

ct to

sea

so

na

l river

flood

ing;

poor

wate

r-ho

ldin

g c

apacity; e

xce

s-

siv

e d

roug

ht d

uri

ng d

ry

month

s

Suited

for

padd

y r

ice

duri

ng w

et

sea

so

n a

nd

with a

deq

uate

irrigatio

n d

ur-

ing d

ry s

ea-

so

n; co

nstr

uc-

tio

n o

f flood

contr

ol sys-

tem

; O

M a

dd

i-tio

n t

hru

ani-

mal or

gre

en

manuri

ng;

Constr

uctio

n o

f ade-

quate

dra

ina

ge,

irriga-

tio

n a

nd f

lood c

ontr

ol

syste

ms d

ue to s

ea

so

n-

al flo

od

ing h

aza

rd a

nd

hig

h s

ea

so

na

l w

ate

r ta

ble

; use

bro

adbe

ds

and r

idge

s;

suited f

or

div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s s

uch a

s

corn

, sugarc

ane,

ve

ge-

table

s a

nd w

ate

r m

elo

n

Esta

blis

hm

ent

of

adeq

ua

te d

rain

-age a

nd irr

igatio

n

syste

ms; re

gula

r add

itio

n o

f org

an-

ic m

atter

and

anim

al m

anure

to

impro

ve s

oil

fert

ili-

ty; ca

n b

e p

lante

d

to c

am

ote

and

pota

to

Adeq

uate

dra

inage a

nd

irrigatio

n s

yste

ms; co

ver

cro

pp

ing

with leg

um

es;

pro

pe

r fe

rtili

za

tio

n, tim

ing

of

cultiv

atio

n a

nd p

lanting

; use

of

loca

lly a

dapte

d h

igh

-yie

ldin

g v

arietie

s is r

ec-

om

mended t

o im

pro

ve t

he

gro

wth

and y

ield

of

tree

cro

ps lik

e b

ana

na, m

ango,

coco

nut a

nd c

ott

on

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: rice

--rice; rice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/v

ege

table

s/r

oot cro

ps

Nueva Vizcaya 50

Ta

ble

3. (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n).

So

il

Seri

es

L

imit

ati

on

f

or

cro

p p

rod

ucti

on

So

il M

an

ag

em

en

t R

ec

om

men

dati

on

s

Ric

e

Div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Ro

ot

cro

ps

T

ree/F

ore

st/

P

lan

tati

on

cro

ps

Se

vill

a

Rolli

ng t

opog

rap

hy;

se

ve

re e

rosio

n;

difficult

to c

ultiv

ate

due t

o p

res-

ence o

f gra

ve

ls a

nd

ha

rd s

oil

surf

ace

Suited

for

rain

fed

up

land/low

land

rice

; pra

ctice s

ha

l-lo

w c

ultiv

atio

n

whe

n s

oil

mois

ture

is

at

optim

um

; co

n-

str

uctio

n o

f bund

s

for

up

land o

r te

r-ra

cin

g

Pra

ctice

co

nto

ur

and

str

ip f

arm

ing t

o m

ini-

miz

e r

unoff

; use o

f cove

r cro

ps to p

re-

ve

nt ri

sks o

f ero

sio

n;

suite

d f

or

div

ers

ifie

d

cro

ps

Modera

tely

suite

d f

or

roo

t-cro

ps; p

ractice

conto

ur

plo

w-

ing a

nd m

ini-

mum

till

ag

e to

pre

ve

nt

so

il ero

sio

n

Suited

for

fruit t

ree

s lik

e b

ana

-na

, coco

nut, m

ango a

nd p

apa

-ya;

pla

nting o

f perm

ane

nt

cro

ps a

s s

oil

ero

sio

n c

ontr

ol

measure

s

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: rice

-corn

/div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/r

oot cro

ps

Sib

ul

Hill

y top

ogra

phy;

low

ava

ilab

le P

and K

; poo

r dra

inag

e;

sha

llow

so

il;

pre

se

nce o

f lim

esto

ne

s

fragm

ent at

the t

op s

oil;

m

odera

te e

rosio

n

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o

rain

fed u

pla

nd r

ice;

fert

ilizatio

n; co

nto

ur

farm

ing

Applic

atio

n o

f fe

rtili

z-

er

and

org

anic

mat-

ter;

pra

ctice c

onto

ur

farm

ing;

co

nse

rvatio

n

tilla

ge s

uch a

s

mulc

hin

g a

nd g

round

cove

r

Marg

inally

suita

ble

for

cam

ote

and

pota

to;

pra

c-

tice c

onto

ur

farm

ing;

fert

i-liz

er

app

lica

-tio

n

Fru

it t

ree

s,

agro

fore

st

and

ind

ustr

ial tr

ee s

pecie

s a

re

recom

mende

d in r

olli

ng to

ste

ep to

pogra

phy; co

nto

ur

terr

acin

g, tilla

ge a

nd p

lanting

; cove

r cro

pp

ing w

ith leg

um

es;

use

of

loca

lly a

dapte

d h

igh

-yie

ldin

g v

arie

tie

s o

f tr

ee c

rop

s

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: upla

nd r

ice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/v

egeta

ble

s/r

oot cro

ps

Ta

ble

3. L

imita

tio

ns to

cro

p p

rodu

ctio

n a

nd

re

com

me

nd

ed

ma

na

gem

en

t s

tra

teg

ies fo

r d

iffe

ren

t

cro

ps w

he

n g

row

n in

a g

iven

so

il se

rie

s (c

on

tin

ua

tio

n).


So

il

Se

ries

Lim

itati

on

for

cro

p p

rod

ucti

on

So

il M

an

ag

em

en

t R

ec

om

men

dati

on

s

Ric

e

Div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Ro

ot

cro

ps

T

ree

/Fo

res

t/

Pla

nta

tio

n c

rop

s

Sta

. F

ilom

en

a

Low

fert

ility

; und

ula

ting

to r

olli

ng t

opog

rap

hy;

slig

ht

ero

sio

n; pre

se

nce

of

gra

vels

and w

eath

-ere

d p

ebb

les a

nd

sto

ne

s;

hard

and c

om

-pact w

he

n d

ry

Suited

for

rain

fed

up

land r

ice; pra

ctice

conto

ur

farm

ing a

nd

sha

llow

cultiv

atio

n

whe

n s

oil

mois

ture

is

optim

um

; fe

rtili

ze

r app

licatio

n

Suitab

le f

or

div

ers

i-fied c

rop

s; pra

ctice

so

il e

rosio

n c

ontr

ol

measure

s lik

e c

on-

tour

farm

ing

; str

ip

and inte

rcro

pp

ing;

gre

en m

anuri

ng;

fert

ilizer

app

licatio

n

Suitab

le f

or

root-

cro

ps; p

ractice

conto

ur

farm

ing

and s

ha

llow

cultiv

atio

n w

he

n

so

il m

ois

ture

is

optim

um

; co

n-

tour

farm

ing

; fe

rtili

zer

app

lica-

tio

n

Pla

nt

loca

lly a

da

pte

d

tree s

pecie

s;

suite

d to

citru

s, coco

nut a

nd

mango;

pla

nt

gro

und

cove

r cro

ps to p

reve

nt

so

il e

rosio

n

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: ra

infe

d r

ice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/r

oot cro

ps/ tr

ee

s

Um

ing

an

Pre

se

nce o

f gra

ve

lly o

r sto

ny la

yers

at th

e low

-er

sub

so

il; o

ccurr

ence

of

sea

so

na

l flood

ing

duri

ng h

ea

vy r

ain

s;

low

org

anic

matte

r

Can b

e p

lante

d t

o

irrigate

d low

land a

nd

rain

fed r

ice p

rovid

ed

w

ith a

deq

uate

irr

iga-

tio

n s

yste

m; app

lica

-tio

n o

f fe

rtili

zer

and

anim

al m

anure

; cle

ar-

ing o

f la

rge g

rave

ls

and s

tone

s

Constr

uctio

n o

f ade-

quate

dra

ina

ge,

irrigatio

n, a

nd f

lood

contr

ol syste

ms;

app

licatio

n o

f fe

rtili

z-

er

and

org

anic

mat-

ter;

ca

n b

e p

lante

d t

o

div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s

Suited

for

cam

ote

and

pota

to; co

nstr

uc-

tio

n o

f adeq

uate

dra

inag

e,

irri

ga-

tio

n, a

nd

flo

od

contr

ol syste

ms

Esta

blis

hm

ent

of

flood

-co

ntr

ol a

nd

irriga

tio

n

syste

ms; pro

pe

r fe

rtili

-zatio

n;

suite

d f

or

coco-

nut, b

ana

na a

nd m

an-

go tre

es

Cro

pp

ing

Patt

ern

: rice

-ric

e;

rice

-div

ers

ifie

d c

rop

s/v

egeta

ble

s/r

oot

cro

ps

Appendices

Nueva Vizcaya 52

APPENDIX 1. STEPS TO IDENTIFY SOIL SERIES

1 Soil sampling


1.Choose a vacant area

in your field. Use a spade or soil auger to dig up to 50 centimeters from the soil surface.

3. Get a bulk of soil

(0.5 kilogram) from 30 to 50-centimeter depth and place it in a con-tainer. This sample will be used in soil series identification.

2. Depth of the soil is

important. The surface/top soil is not a good basis since it is always cultivated.

50 cm

2 Color determination

Nueva Vizcaya 54

1 Soil color is an indirect

measure of other character-istics such as drainage, aer-ation, and organic matter content. Black-colored soils may indicate high fertility and productivity. Gray indi-cates a fairly constant water-saturated condition. Bright brown and red colors are indicative of good aeration and drainage.

2 Get an ample amount

of soil from the sample. Note that the soil surface should be freshly exposed and not pressed. Record the moisture condition (dry, wet, or moist). If dry, have a moist color determination by adding ample amount of water to the soil.

3 Compare the color of

the soil sample with the color chart in the guidebook. Take note of the classifica-tion of the color.

3 Texture determination


N

N N

Y Y Y

N

N

N

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Take a half handful of the same soil sample. Add water (not too wet). Soil is at proper consistency when moldable, like moist putty.

Add dry soil to absorb water.

Does soil remain in a ball when squeezed?

Is soil too dry? Is soil too wet? Sand

Place ball of soil between thumb and forefinger, gently pushing the soil with the thumb, squeezing it upward into a ribbon. Form a ribbon of uniform thickness and width. Allow the ribbon to emerge and extend over the forefinger, breaking under its own weight.

Does soil form a ribbon? Loamy sand

Does soil make a weak ribbon less than 1 inch long before breaking?

Does soil make a medium ribbon 1 to 2 inches long before breaking?

Does soil make a strong ribbon 2 inches or longer before breaking?

Excessively wet a small pinch of soil in palm of hand and rub with forefinger.

Does soil feel very gritty?

Does soil feel very smooth?

Neither grittiness nor smoothness predominates

Sandy loam

Loam

Silt loam




Clay loam

Sandy clay

loam

Silty

clay loam




Sandy clay

Clay

Silty clay

Y

Y

Y

N N

N

4 pH determination (UPLB) procedure

Nueva Vizcaya 56

1.Get soil sample from

30 to 50-centimeter depth. Fill the test tube with soil sample up to the scratch mark.

2.Add seven drops of

CPR (chloropenol red). Mix by gently swirling the test tube.

3.If pH is six or great-

er, repeat the steps using BTB (bromthymol blue). If soil pH is five or less, repeat the steps using BCG (bromcresol green).

4.Match the color of

the solution on top of the soil with the corre-sponding color chart of the pH indicator dye used.

APPENDIX 2. THE PALAYCHECK® SYSTEM


The PalayCheck® System is a rice integrated crop management that combines the technologies and learning processes to identify strengths and weak-nesses of current crop management practices, make improvements in the next season to increase grain yield, input use efficiency, and profit with environmen-tal concerns. The PalayCheck® System describes the crop man-agement practices (input) to achieve the following Key Checks (output):

No high and low soil spots after final level-ing. 2 Practiced synchro-nous planting after a fallow period. 3

1 Used high-quality seeds of a recom-mended variety.

Nueva Vizcaya 58

Sufficient number of healthy seedlings. 4 Sufficient nutrients at tillering to early pani-cle initiation and flowering. 5 Avoided excessive water or drought stress that could affect the growth and yield of the crop.

6

No significant yield

loss due to pests. 7 Cut and threshed the crop at the right time. 8

Glossary Base saturation – the amount of positively charged ions (Ca, Mg, K, and

Na), excluding hydrogen and aluminum ions, that are ab-sorbed on the surface of soil particles, and measured and reported as a percentage.

Boulder – rocks with grain size of usually no less than 256 mm (10 inches) diameter.

Clay skins – clay coatings on ped or pore surfaces. Coarse fragments – significant proportions of fragments coarser than

very coarse sand and less than 10 inches, if rounded, or 15 inches along the longer axis, if flat. They influence the nutri-ent status, water movement, use and management of the soil. They also reflect the origin and stage of development of the soil.

Cobblestone – naturally rounded stones larger than a pebble and small-er than a boulder.

Concretions – cemented bodies similar to nodules, except for the pres-ence of visible, concentric layers of material around a point, line, or plane.

Cutans – modification of the soil texture, or soil structure, at natural surfaces (particle, pore, or ped) in soil materials due to illuviation. Cutans are oriented deposits which can be composed of any of the component substances of the soil material.

Gravels – composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a general particle size range and include size classes from granule- to boulder-sized fragments.

Inherent fertility – the natural ability of the soil to supply plant nutrients. Mottles– appearance of uneven spots with spherical or irregular shape.

The color differs from the soil matrix color. Nodules – cemented bodies of various shapes that can be removed as

discrete units from soil. Nutrient retention – referred to as Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) or

the maximum quantity of total cations, of any class, that a soil is capable of holding, at a given pH value, available for exchange with the soil solution.

Pebble – small usually rounded stone especially when worn by the action of water.

Permeability – property of the soil to transmit water and air. It affects irrigation, and leaching of salts and fertilizers.

Quartz – a mineral consisting of silicon dioxide occurring in colorless and transparent or colored hexagonal crystals or in crystalline masses.

Relief – refers to the elevation or inequality of the land surface consid-ered collectively.

Rock – naturally occurring solid aggregates of one or more minerals or mineraloids.

Rooting depth – the ability of the plant’s roots to penetrate through the soil. It can be limited by soil compaction, absence of nutrients, waterlogged layer or cemented layers.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size_(grain_size)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size_(grain_size)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_exchange

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraloid

Salinity – the saltiness or dissolved salt content (such as sodium chlo-ride, magnesium and calcium sulfates, and bicarbonates) in soil.

Slickenside – polished and grooved surface produced by one mass sliding past another.

Soil compaction – described according to its nature, continuity, struc-ture, agent, and degree. Compacted material has a firm or stronger consistence when moist and a close packing of parti-cles.

Soil drainage –refers to the frequency and duration of periods of satura-tion in the soil.

Soil family – a group of soils within a subgroup having similar physical and chemical properties that affect their responses to manage-ment and manipulation for use.

Soil pH –measure of acidity and basicity of soils. It affects availability or release of soil nutrients.

Soil profile – includes the collection of all the genetic horizons, the natu-ral organic layers on the surface, and the parent material or other layers beneath the solum that influence the genesis and behavior of the soil.

Soil series – a group of soils with similar profiles developed from similar parent materials under comparable climatic and vegetational conditions.

Soil taxonomy – hierarchies of classes that permit one to understand the relationships between soils and also between soils and the factors responsible for their character. A systematic distinguish-ing, ordering, and naming of type groups within a subject field.

Soil texture- refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups of individual soil grains in a mass of soil. Specifically, it refers to the proportions of clay, silt, and sand below 2 millimeters in diameter.

Soil type – the lowest category in classification systems. It is distin-guished within series on the basis of texture, a single character-istic.

Soil water retention – the ability of soil to retain water to provide an ongoing supply of water to plants between periods of replenish-ment (infiltration) to allow their continued growth and survival.

Stoniness – the relative proportion of stones over 10 inches in diameter or on the soil.

Surface cracking – develops in shrink–swell clay-rich soils after they dry out. The width (average, or average width and maximum width) of the cracks at the surface is indicated in centimeters. The average distance between cracks may also be indicated in cen-timeters.

Tuff – a rock composed of the finer kinds of volcanic detritus usually

fused together by heat.

Workability/tilth – the ease of cultivating the soil with regard to its struc-ture, texture, presence of coarse fragments, and relief.

Glossary

Nueva Vizcaya 60

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_sulfate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_salinity

Soil textural classes

Sand (S) - gritty Silt (Si) - smooth and floury Clay (C) - sticky Loam (L) - equal proportion of S, Si and C Sandy loam (SL) - presence of S, Si and C; but grittiness predominates Loamy sand (LS) - distinctively gritty with slight smoothness and sticki-

ness Silt loam (SiL) - presence of S, Si and C; but smoothness predominates Clay loam (CL) - presence of S, Si and C; but stickiness predominates Sandy clay loam (SCL) - presence of S, Si, and C; but more sticky and

gritty feel Silty clay loam (SiCL) - presence of S, Si and C; but more of sticky and

floury feel Sandy clay (SC) - sticky with slight grittiness Silty clay (SiC) - sticky with slight smoothness


References

Badayos, R.B. 1990. Lowland rice soils in the Philippines, their characteristics and classification in relation to productivity. Inaugural Professorial Lecture. SEARCA, UPLB.

Beinroth, F.H. 1978. Some fundamentals of soil classification. In: Soil-resource data for agricultural development. Ed. Leslie D. Swindale. Hawaii Ag. Expt. Sra., College of Trop. Agric., University of Hawaii. p. 12-19. Hampstead, M.I., TJ Sauer, and WF Bennet. 1997. Soil Science

Simplified. 3rd Edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames Iowa 500014.

“Simplified Keys to Soil Series (29 Soil Series for Maize

Production), Lop Buri Province” The International Training Workshop on “Applying Information Technology for Site-Specific Agriculture in Small Farms of the Trop-ics.” August 4-10, 2003. Bangkok, Thailand.

Soil Survey of Nueva Vizcaya Province. Department of Agricul-

ture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Soils, Manila, Philippines. Bureau of Printing, Manila.

Soil Survey Manual. US Department of Agricultural Handbook

No. 18. August 1951. Soil Survey Staff, Bureau of Plant and Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering. Agricultural Research Administration, US Department of Agriculture.

Keys to Soil Taxonomy. US Department of Agriculture 10th

Edition. 2006. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resource Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture.

Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making

and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Soil Survey Staff, Soil Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture.

Sys, I.C., et al. Land Evaluation Part III: Crop Requirements.

Agricultural Publications. N°7, 1993.

Nueva Vizcaya 62

For more information, write, visit, or call:

Agronomy, Soils, and Plant Physiology Division or

Information Systems Division

Philippine Rice Research Institute

Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, 3119 Nueva Ecija

Tel. No. (044) 456-0285; -0113; -0651 local 330,

331, 334, 310, 311

or text:

The PhilRice Text Center - (0920) 911-1398

For published material, contact:

Development Communication Division or

Business Development Division

Tel. No. (044) 456-0285; -0113; -0651 local 500,

501, 601, 604

Readers are encouraged to quote the content of this

guidebook with acknowledgement. Suggested citation:

PhilRice, “Simplified Keys to Soil Series of Nueva Viz-

caya”. Soil Series Guidebook ISBN 978-971-9081-83-8:

62p., June 2017.

We thank the Bureau of Soils and Water Manage-ment (BSWM) for the secondary data of the soils used in this guidebook.

nueva vizcaya - pinoy rice knowledge bank · 2018. 11. 21. · a very fine clayey-textured soil...

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