ObjectivesObjectives

• Discuss the Paris Peace Conference, the League of Nations, and the Treaty of Versailles.*

The Mood in 1919 Most countries felt Germany should pay for

the damage and destruction caused by the War.

The countries of Europe were exhausted. Their economies and industries were in a

poor state. Millions had died. Almost every family had

lost a member in the fighting. Ordinary citizens faced shortages of food

and medicine.*

The Aims of the Leaders

There was disagreement about what the conference was aiming to do.

Some felt the aim was to punish Germany.Some wanted to cripple Germany so it

couldn’t start another war.Some felt the winning countries should be

rewarded.Some aimed for a just and lasting peace.*

The Four Major Leaders

Woodrow Wilson• President of the USA.• Wilson was an idealist and

reformer, who wanted to build a better and more peaceful world.

• He didn’t want the Treaty to be too harsh as he believed this would lead to revenge.

• He wanted to set up a peace keeping body – The League of Nations

• Wilson did not understand the deep feelings of hatred in Europe.*

David Lloyd George• The prime minister of Great

Britain.• He was a realist.• An experienced politician

who realised there must be compromise.

• The people of Britain wanted revenge.

• He knew this would lead to war but he represented the people.*

George Clemenceau• President of France.• Clemenceau had seen

France invaded by Germany in 1870 and 1914, he wanted to make sure this would never happen again.

• France had suffered greatly during the War they wanted compensation and revenge.

• Uncompromising.*

• Italian Prime Minister.• Wanted land and territory

for Italy.• Self determination stopped

Italy getting the lands especially Fiume.

• Walked out of the meeting when he didn’t get his way in April 1919.

• Returned to sign the Treaty in May.*

OrlandoOrlando

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE “BIG FOUR”

GEORGE ORLANDO CLEMENCEAU WILSON

WANTED TO MAINTAIN TRADE RELATIONS WITH

GERMANY BUT WANTED COLONIES

WANTED LAND

PROMISED DURING

WWI

WANTED TO PUNISH

GERMANY AND PREVENT

FUTURE INVASION

WANTED 14 POINTS AND FAIR PEACE

FOR ALL

THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF

VERSAILLES1919

WAR GUILT CLAUSE

GERMAN NATIONAL TERRITORY

GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES REDUCED

GERMAN OVERSEAS TERRITORRIES

NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA

REPARATIONS

Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1

- Army restricted to 100,000 men.

- No modern weapons such as tanks, military air force.

- Navy could not have battle ships over 10,000 tons and no U-Boats.

- Germany lost national territory which was given to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland.

Germany lost Chinese ports [Amoy and Tsingtao], Pacific Islands, and African colonies [Tanganika and German SW Africa].

RHINELAND TO BE DE-MILITARISED

Germany forced to pay massive fine for war damages - 1,000,000,000 Marks (6.6bn pounds).

The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

ISSUES TO BE SETTLED

--------------------------

• TERRITORIAL ADJUSTMENTS

• REPARATIONS

• ARMAMENT RESTRICTIONS

• WAR GUILT

• LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Articles 1-26 The Covenant of the League of Nations

Articles 27-30 Boundaries of Germany

Articles 31-117 Political Clauses for Europe

Articles 118-158 German Rights and Interests Outside Germany Articles 159-213 Military, Naval

and Air Clauses Articles 214-226 Prisoners of

War and Graves Articles 227-230 Penalties

Articles 231-247 Reparations Articles 248-263 Financial

Clauses Articles 264-312 Economic

Clauses Articles 313-320 Aerial

NavigationArticles 321-386 Ports,

Waterways and RailwaysArticles 387-399 Labor

Articles 400-427 Procedure Articles 428-433 Guarantees

Articles 434-440 Miscellaneous Provisions

Table of Contents from actual treaty

TREATY OF VERSAILLES,

GERMAN ARMAMENT LIMITATIONS

TYPE AMOUNT ALLOWED

PLANES 0

WARSHIPS 6

SOLDIERS 100,000

CONSCRIPTION BANNED

GERMAN WAR GUILT

CLAUSE

The Allied and Associated Governments confirm and

Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to

which the Allied and Associated Governments and their national have

been subjected as a consequence of the war

imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and

her allies.

1914--------------------1919

The Middle East in 1914

German Territorial Losses: 1919-1921

League of Nations Mandates in Africa

TREATY OF VERSAILLES SIGNED JUNE 28, 1919

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