paralleling topologies and uptime institute tier ratings cummins... · powerhour webinar series for...

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Paralleling Topologies and Uptime Institute Tier Ratings

Thursday July 28, 2016 11:00 PDT / 2:00 EDT

(1PDH issued by Cummins)

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Technical tips:

Audio is available through teleconference, or your computer (don’t forget to unmute)

You are in “listen only” mode throughout the event

Use the WebEx Q&A Panel to submit questions, comments, and feedback

throughout the event. We will provide sufficient Q&A time after presentation

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disconnect and reconnect

Report technical issues using the WebEx Q&A Panel, or email

[email protected]

Meet your panelists


3

Mike Sanford

Group Leader, North America and

Caribbean Application Engineering

Cody Albertus

Product Management Leader,

Mission Critical Segment

Cummins presenters:

Cummins facilitator:Tom Bakritzes, Global Sales Training Manager

Your local Cummins contacts: AZ, ID, NM, NV: Carl Knapp, Cummins Sales and Service, Rocky Mountain Region

CO, MT, ND, UT, WY: Joe Pekarek, Cummins Sales and Service, Rocky Mountain Region

IL, MN, WI: John Kilinskis, Cummins Sales and Service, Central Region

TX: Scott Thomas, Cummins Sales and Service, Gulf Region

FL, GA, NC: Robert Kelly, Cummins Sales and Service, South Region

IN, KY, OH, TN, WV: Tom Stadulis, Cummins Sales and Service, East Region

Course Objectives

Participants will be able to: Identify common paralleling topologies, plus their advantages and

disadvantages, so they can make informed choices in paralleling system

design.

Recognize effects of system topology on maintainability and scalability so

they can consider these factors in system design.

Describe Uptime Institute Tier Ratings and their implications on generator

sets and power distribution systems.


Overview

Common Paralleling Topologies

Uptime Institute Tier Ratings

Generator Set Features for Data Centers


Common Paralleling Topologies


Common Topologies

Isolated Bus

Isolated Bus with Gen main

Common Bus

Transfer Pair

Main Tie Main

Multiple Transfer Pair

System Design Strategies


Isolated Bus

Simplest, most common topology

No connection with utility

Power Interruptions on re-transfer

Load control required to make sure that sufficient capacity is on line before connecting loads

Each generator set must be large enough to carry emergency loads

– Need to be on line in 10 seconds (NFPA 110)

G

XXX

LOADS

G

XXX

G

XXX

GG G

12470 V

480 V

4000

1200

(TYP 3)

ATS

ATS

LOAD 1

LOAD 2


Isolated Bus with Gen Main

Minimum generator sets online

before connecting critical load

Common topology for prime

power

G

XXX

G

XXX

G

XXX


Common Bus

Low cost

Can do open & ramping closed

transition transfer

Can’t guarantee 100msec max

parallel time

Service Problem:

– Bus maintenance causes interruption in

service to loads

– Loads can not be isolated from gen bus

GG G

12470 V

480 V

4000

2000

(TYP 3)


Transfer Pair

Allows for bumpless retransfer and

test with load functions

Good for maintenance as generator

source can be isolated from loads

and tested

GG G

12470 V

480 V

4000

4000

2000

(TYP 3)


G G

12470 V

480 V

12470 V

480 V

3000 30001600

(TYP 3)

NO

G G

U1 U2

Tie is normally open

Similar to two Common Bus designs

– Similar serviceability issues


Main Tie Main

Multiple Transfer PairGG G

12470 V

480 V

12470 V

480 V

3000

30003000

3000

1600

(TYP 3)

Has better serviceability than Main Tie Main

System operates like two transfer pairs

Gens can parallel with either utility but not both

– On closed transition transfer gens sync with one utility at a time


G G G G G G G G G G G G

Manual ties for

catastrophic failures

Example:

Three modules on site, installed in 2008, 2010, 2012

– Long term plan is to add a fourth module

Each module is sized for 25 MW

– Running at about ½ capacity


Modular Design - Scalability

G G G G

Load

Bank

Maintenance Bypass and

Load Bank

12.74 kV/4160 Vac

4160/480 Vac 4160/480 Vac 4160/480 Vac

Can load bank

generator sets

without interruption

Bypass section allows

maintenance without

interruption


Maintenance Bypass


Swing Bus

Tier Level Ratings

The tier rating system is the industry standard for benchmarking data center reliability.

Four tiers, each building on requirement to the one below (ex. Tier II requires all of Tier I capability, plus the added requirements).

Power Generation and distribution is one of 16 subsystems evaluated.

No fractional tier ratings.

Tiers do not specify certain equipment, but rather a level of redundancy and security to maximize run time.

To be an enterprise class data center, UPS and generator sets are required equipment.

Significant costs associated with higher tier rating.



Tier I Tier II Tier III Tier IV

Description Basic Redundant Capacity Concurrently Maintainable Fault Tolerant

Capacity N N + 1 N + 1 2N (N after any failure)

Distribution Paths 1 1 1 Active, 1 Alternate 2 Simultaneously Active

Fault Tolerant No No No Yes

Typical Topology Standby Genset Isolated Bus Dual Transfer Pair Dual Transfer Pair


Tier I - BasicDG

UPS Input

Switchgear

UPS

UPS Output

SwitchgearPDU

Computer

Equipment

ATSLife Safety

Equipment

*Emergency lighting, and

other emergency functions

required by local code may

specify an additional ATS

Tier I

Capacity N

Distribution Paths 1

Concurrently Maintainable No

Fault Tolerant No


Tier II – Redundant Capacity

DG

+1

Etc. Mech. UPS

UPS Input

Switchgear

UPS

UPS Output

SwitchgearPDU

Computer

Equipment

DG

UPS

+1

*Emergency lighting, and

other emergency functions

required by local code may

specify an additional ATS

ATS

Life Safety

Equipment

ATSATS

PTC

Tier II

Capacity N + 1

Distribution Paths 1

Concurrently Maintainable No

Fault Tolerant No


Tier III: Concurrent Maintainability

Adds redundancy to network distribution paths as well as

capacity established in Tier II systems.

Every distribution component can be removed or replaced during

a planned event without loss of service.

– Allows for a more proactive maintenance program

– Enables site to be upgraded as technology, capacity and infrastructure

requirements change

An unplanned event can still lead to disruption.


Tier III - Concurrently Maintainable

Etc.

UPS Input

Switchgear

UPS

UPS Output

Switchgear

Computer

Equipment

Etc.

PDU

Mechanical

Critical MCC

Mechanical

Critical MCC

PDU

Critical Fan

or Pump

Critical Fan

or Pump

Mechanical

Component

Mechanical

Component

PTC PTC

UPS

+1

Gen

N

Gen

+1

Output

Switchgear

Tier III

Capacity N + 1

Distribution Paths 1 Active, 1 Alternate

Concurrently Maintainable Yes

Fault Tolerant No


Case Study: Tier III Data Center Design

4 Megawatts at 480 VAC

N + 1 design on the generators

Redundant paralleling buses

System is concurrently maintainable

Tier 3 certified by the Uptime Institute


Case Study: Tier III Data Center Design


Tier IV – Fault Tolerant

Etc.

UPS Input

Switchgear

UPS

UPS Output

Switchgear

Computer

Equipment

Etc.

PDU

Mechanical

Critical MCC

Mechanical

Critical MCCOutput

Switchgear

PDU

Critical Fan

or Pump

Critical Fan

or Pump

Mechanical

Component

Mechanical

Component

UPS Input Switchgear

UPS

UPS Output

Switchgear

PTC PTC

UPS

+1

UPS

+1

Gen

N

Gen

+1

Gen

N

Gen

+1

Tier IV

Capacity N after any failure

Distribution Paths 2 Simultaneously Active

Concurrently Maintainable Yes

Fault Tolerant Yes


Case Study: Segmented Paralleling Bus


Generator Set Features for Data Centers


Generator Sets for Tier III or Tier IV Systems

“Disruptions to the utility power are not considered a failure but an

operational condition for which the site must be prepared”

“A Tier III or Tier IV engine-generator system, along with its power paths

and other supporting elements shall meet … performance confirmation tests

while they are carrying the site on engine-generator power”

“Engine-generators for Tier III and Tier IV sites shall not have a limitation on

consecutive hours of operation when loaded to ‘N’ demand”


ISO Ratings (8528-1 Section 13)

Emergency Standby Power (ESP)

– For supplying emergency power for the duration of a utility power failure

– Not to exceed 200 hrs/yr

– Average load factor of 70% of the standby rating over 24 hour period

Limited Time Prime Power (LTP)

– Limited number of hours 500 hr/year

– Non-Variable load

– Applications not to exceed 100% of the Limited Time Prime Power rating

Unlimited Time Prime Power (PRP)

– Unlimited number of hours per year (8760 hr/yr less service)

– Variable load

– Not to exceed 70% average of the Unlimited Time Prime Power rating during any operating period of 24 hours

Continuous Operating Power (COP)

– Unlimited number of hours per year (8760 hr/yr less service)

– Non-Variable load

– Applications not to exceed 100% of the Continuous Operating Power rating


Data Center Continuous Ratings

Data Center Continuous (DCC) Ratings

meet the Uptime Institute Tier III and Tier IV requirements

Data Center Continuous (DCC) Rating is defined as:

The maximum power which the generator is capable

of delivering continuously to a constant or varying

electrical load for unlimited hours in a data center

application.


Redundant Options


Starter 3 & 4

Starter 1 & 2

Left Side of Engine

Right Side of Engine

Redundant Starters Redundant Fuel Filters

Redundant Fuel Filters w/Selector Valve

on Primary Stage of Fuel Filtration

Allows for fuel filter change without

interruption to generator set operation

Coolant Heating


Coolant Heater Installation

Heater Element

Circulation Pump

Coolant Circulation Benefits

Consistent Heat Throughout Block

DC Load Management

Pre-Wired, factory-tested and validated common DC distribution box

streamlines service and installation

– Single point of DC distribution

– Allows for isolation of batteries of individual starters

– Improves ability to safely service and trouble shoot

– Enables breaker to be reset, rather than removing battery


Minimized AC Connections

Set-mounted AC distribution box accounts for all of the generator

set’s single-phase AC accessories

– Single point of connection to the

generator set’s powered accessories

– Simplifies design and facilitates

installation

– Improves ability to safely service

and troubleshoot

– Contributes to clean/neat design

of generator set


Integrated Monitoring Sensors

Sensors that are integrated and connected to the generator

set control are critical to providing advanced notification of a

maintenance or service need.

Examples

Air cleaner restriction indicators

Exhaust port temperature

Alternator bearing and RTD


Cooling System

Factory designed, validated and supplied cooling systems capable

of 40C and 50C ambient temperatures are critical when it comes to

providing the performance and reliability that data center customers

demand.


39

Summary

Using standard system topologies makes the system

more reliable and serviceable.

Consider ease of maintenance and future expansion

when designing system topology.

The Uptime Institute Tier Rating system serves as a

good framework for evaluating redundancy,

maintainability and scalability in a system design.


Q&A

Type your questions, comments, feedback in the WebEx

Q&A box. We will get to as many questions as we can

We will publish consolidated FAQ along with

presentation and webinar recording on

powersuite.cummins.com


More questions or support needed? Here are your local Cummins contacts:

AZ, ID, NM, NV: Carl Knapp ([email protected]), Rocky Mountain Region

CO, MT, ND, UT, WY: Joe Pekarek ([email protected]), Rocky Mountain Region

IL, MN, WI: John Kilinskis ([email protected]), Central Region

TX: Scott Thomas ([email protected]), Gulf Region

FL, GA, NC: Robert Kelly ([email protected]), South Region

IN, KY, OH, TN, WV: Tom Stadulis ([email protected]), East Region

For other states and territories, email pow [email protected] or visit http://pow er.cummins.com/sales-service-locator

mailto:[email protected]









http://power.cummins.com/sales-service-locator

Closing

Watch out for a follow-up email including– A Link to webinar recording

– A PDH Certificate

– A 2-minute survey link. Tell us how we did and how we can improve

Visit powersuite.cummins.com for – PowerHour webinar recording, presentation and FAQ archive

– Other Cummins Continuing Education programs

– Sizing and spec development tool

September webinar: NEC Update


paralleling topologies and uptime institute tier ratings cummins... · powerhour webinar series for...

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