Post WWI- Pre WWIIPost WWI- Pre WWII

Ms. SelvaggioMs. Selvaggio

Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference

Held at the Palace at Versailles beginning January 8, 1919.

32 countries were represented, but major decisions were made by a group known as The Big Four

Germany and Russia were NOT represented

Held at the Palace at Versailles beginning January 8, 1919.

32 countries were represented, but major decisions were made by a group known as The Big Four

Germany and Russia were NOT represented

The Big FourThe Big Four

From left to right… Great Britain’s David

Lloyd George Italy’s Vittorio

Orlando France’s Georges

Clemenceau U.S. President

Woodrow Wilson

From left to right… Great Britain’s David

Lloyd George Italy’s Vittorio

Orlando France’s Georges

Clemenceau U.S. President

Woodrow Wilson

The big four each wanted very different things

GB anf Fr. wanted to punish Germany harshly

U.S. wanted peace. President Wilson proposed a plan known as the Fourteen Points. Point # 14 called for the creation of an association

of nations to protect “great and small states alike”- an organization that could peacefully negotiate world conflicts

The big four each wanted very different things

GB anf Fr. wanted to punish Germany harshly

U.S. wanted peace. President Wilson proposed a plan known as the Fourteen Points. Point # 14 called for the creation of an association

of nations to protect “great and small states alike”- an organization that could peacefully negotiate world conflicts

Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919

Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919

Major points of the treaty were: Creation of the League of Nations

basically this was Wilson’s 14th point. It is an international peace org. designed to keep peace among nations-Russia and Germany were excluded.

Major points of the treaty were: Creation of the League of Nations

basically this was Wilson’s 14th point. It is an international peace org. designed to keep peace among nations-Russia and Germany were excluded.

Article 231, the “war guilt” clauseArticle 231, the “war guilt” clause

Placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany’s shoulders

Ger. had to pay heavy reparations (money) They lost pieces of land/colonies Had the size of their army limited

Placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany’s shoulders

Ger. had to pay heavy reparations (money) They lost pieces of land/colonies Had the size of their army limited

The Legacy of WWIThe Legacy of WWI

The bitterness left over from the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles, coupled with serious economic trouble in Europe and the U.S. would help to create the atmosphere to stage WWII.

The bitterness left over from the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles, coupled with serious economic trouble in Europe and the U.S. would help to create the atmosphere to stage WWII.

Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic

The government that took over in Ger. after WWI- it was weak from the start.

This government was blamed for the way Germany was treated after WWI and the major economic problems that Germany faced

The government that took over in Ger. after WWI- it was weak from the start.

This government was blamed for the way Germany was treated after WWI and the major economic problems that Germany faced

Because of the war guilt clause, the amount of money that Germany had to pay to the allied nations was placing them in debt. Had to borrow tons of money from the U.S. Printed more and more paper money (marks).

Because of this over-printing, the mark became worthless. i.e. price of bread in Ger. in 1918: less than one

mark. In 1922: more than 160. In 1923: about 200 billion

Because of the war guilt clause, the amount of money that Germany had to pay to the allied nations was placing them in debt. Had to borrow tons of money from the U.S. Printed more and more paper money (marks).

Because of this over-printing, the mark became worthless. i.e. price of bread in Ger. in 1918: less than one

mark. In 1922: more than 160. In 1923: about 200 billion

German marks lose their valueGerman marks lose their value

A woman uses piles of German marks to burn in her furnace for heat.

A woman uses piles of German marks to burn in her furnace for heat.

Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929 U.S. stock market

crashes but has a major impact on the whole world…

U.S. investors pull money out of overseas projects

Banks who gave loans to European nations ask for their money back

U.S. demand for foreign goods took a sharp decline.

U.S. stock market crashes but has a major impact on the whole world…

U.S. investors pull money out of overseas projects

Banks who gave loans to European nations ask for their money back

U.S. demand for foreign goods took a sharp decline.

1931- Depression Spreads to Europe1931- Depression Spreads to Europe

U.S. Banks ask Germany and Austria for their money (from loans)

Germany and Austria can’t pay the reparations of the treaty to France and Britain.

France and Britain could not pay war loans back to America

U.S. Banks ask Germany and Austria for their money (from loans)

Germany and Austria can’t pay the reparations of the treaty to France and Britain.

France and Britain could not pay war loans back to America

By 1932- unemployment at 25% in U.S. 30% in Germany France & Britain forced their colonies (in

Africa & India) to buy only their products World Trade dropped by 62%

By 1932- unemployment at 25% in U.S. 30% in Germany France & Britain forced their colonies (in

Africa & India) to buy only their products World Trade dropped by 62%

The Rise of Fascism in EuropeThe Rise of Fascism in Europe

Fascism - emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader.

Though many democratic governments (U.S., GB, Fr.) stayed strong during the depression, many Europeans lost faith in this type of gov.

Fascism - emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader.

Though many democratic governments (U.S., GB, Fr.) stayed strong during the depression, many Europeans lost faith in this type of gov.

The militant political movement, Fascism, became popular because Fascist leaders

promised to…

The militant political movement, Fascism, became popular because Fascist leaders

promised to… Punish the people responsible for hard

times Restore national pride

But mostly they promised to… Pull their countries out of economic

depression

Punish the people responsible for hard times

Restore national pride

But mostly they promised to… Pull their countries out of economic

depression

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

A newspaper editor/politician that promised these things for Italy

Founded the fascist party there in 1919

A newspaper editor/politician that promised these things for Italy

Founded the fascist party there in 1919

In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched to Rome to demand that the king put Mussolini in power. The King agreed and allowed him to form a

legal government

As “Il Duce” (the leader) he abolished democracy and all other political parties except the fascists.

In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched to Rome to demand that the king put Mussolini in power. The King agreed and allowed him to form a

legal government

As “Il Duce” (the leader) he abolished democracy and all other political parties except the fascists.

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

At the End of WWI a former German soldier named Adolf Hitler settled in Munich.

Joined a group who believed that the Treaty of Versailles should be overturned and that communism should be combated.

This group called themselves…

At the End of WWI a former German soldier named Adolf Hitler settled in Munich.

Joined a group who believed that the Treaty of Versailles should be overturned and that communism should be combated.

This group called themselves…

National Socialist German Workers PartyNazi for short

National Socialist German Workers PartyNazi for short

Nazism was basically German fascism They were popular among the middle and lower

classes Nazis promised jobs jobs for all

Popular among land owners They feared communism

Nazism was basically German fascism They were popular among the middle and lower

classes Nazis promised jobs jobs for all

Popular among land owners They feared communism

The SwastikaThe Swastika

Hindus, Buddhists, Native American Tribe

-symbol of good-luck or well-being, but…

Because of its use by the Nazi party, it has a negative meaning in many western cultures.

Hindus, Buddhists, Native American Tribe

-symbol of good-luck or well-being, but…

Because of its use by the Nazi party, it has a negative meaning in many western cultures.

Hitler’s skills as public speaker and organizer helped the Nazis gain power.

Copying Mussolini, the Nazis wanted to sieze power in Munich, 1923

Hitler’s skills as public speaker and organizer helped the Nazis gain power.

Copying Mussolini, the Nazis wanted to sieze power in Munich, 1923

Beer Hall PutschBeer Hall Putsch

Hitler and the Nazis made their move on Munich in November of 1923, but things didn’t go so well Hitler was arrested and tried for treason

Sentenced to 5 years Served less than 9 months During his time in prison, he wrote a book…

Hitler and the Nazis made their move on Munich in November of 1923, but things didn’t go so well Hitler was arrested and tried for treason

Sentenced to 5 years Served less than 9 months During his time in prison, he wrote a book…

Mein KampfMein Kampf

Means “My Struggle”

Used the book to express his ideas and goals for Germany

It became a blueprint for the Nazi party

People, at first, did not take him, his book or ideas seriously

Means “My Struggle”

Used the book to express his ideas and goals for Germany

It became a blueprint for the Nazi party

People, at first, did not take him, his book or ideas seriously

Nazi BeliefsNazi Beliefs

They hated the communists

Germans, especially “blond & blue-eyed” were “aryans” or the “master race” Germans, Scandinavians, Britons

Non-aryans, i.e. Italian, French, Slavs, Gypsies only fit to be slaves for the master race

Reserved most intense hatred for Jews

They hated the communists

Germans, especially “blond & blue-eyed” were “aryans” or the “master race” Germans, Scandinavians, Britons

Non-aryans, i.e. Italian, French, Slavs, Gypsies only fit to be slaves for the master race

Reserved most intense hatred for Jews

The Treaty of Versailles was a slap in the face to Germany and needed to be overturned

Wanted to retake the lands that were once German. Poland

Germany needed more “lebensraum” (living space) invade and conquer Eastern Europe and Russia.

The Treaty of Versailles was a slap in the face to Germany and needed to be overturned

Wanted to retake the lands that were once German. Poland

Germany needed more “lebensraum” (living space) invade and conquer Eastern Europe and Russia.

Germany had been making a small comeback , so most Germans ignored Hitler and his extreme politics. Then the depression hit… America stops loaning money and the German

economy collapses Factories and banks close 30% (about 6 million people) of the German

workforce are unemployed in 1932

Scared, they turn to Hitler for security and strong leadership.

Germany had been making a small comeback , so most Germans ignored Hitler and his extreme politics. Then the depression hit… America stops loaning money and the German

economy collapses Factories and banks close 30% (about 6 million people) of the German

workforce are unemployed in 1932

Scared, they turn to Hitler for security and strong leadership.

Hitler was made Chancellor in March 1933

1934: Hitler made himself “der Fuhrer”- “The

Leader” Refers to Germany as the “Third Reich”

-“Third Empire”

Hitler was made Chancellor in March 1933

1934: Hitler made himself “der Fuhrer”- “The

Leader” Refers to Germany as the “Third Reich”

-“Third Empire”

Nazis implemented public works projects Increased business Lowered unemployment

Urged women to return to “Kinder, Kirche, Kuche” (Children, Church, & the Kitchen)

Took away some of people’s liberties People thought that it was ok as long as their

economy was ok

Nazis implemented public works projects Increased business Lowered unemployment

Urged women to return to “Kinder, Kirche, Kuche” (Children, Church, & the Kitchen)

Took away some of people’s liberties People thought that it was ok as long as their

economy was ok

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Should the needs of society outweigh the rights of the individual?

Should the needs of society outweigh the rights of the individual?