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Reading FocusHow did the Renaissance spread to northern Europe?What contributions did writers and philosophers make to the northern Renaissance?How did the works of northern artists differ from those of the Italian Renaissance?Main IdeaRenaissance ideas soon spread beyond Italy to northern Europe by means of trade, travel, and printed material, influencing the art and ideas of the north.The Northern RenaissanceRenaissance and ReformationSection 23Trade, the movement of artists and scholars, and the development of printing helped spread Renaissance ideas north from Italy. Trading IdeasThe Renaissance Spreads NorthAs cities grew, vast trading network spread across northern EuropeNetwork dominated by Hanseatic League, merchant organization, 1200s to 1400sProtected members from pirates, other hazardsBuilt lighthouses, trained ship captainsNorthern Europeans traded ideas, goods; spread Italian Renaissance north Fleeing violence, Italian artists brought humanist ideas, painting techniques northNorthern scholars traveled to Italy, brought ideas homeUniversities started in France, Netherlands, GermanyRenaissance and ReformationSection 24Northern humanists expressed their own ideas Combined interests of theology, fiction and historyCreated philosophical works, novels, dramas, and poemsCombined Christian ideas, humanismWrote of pure, simple Christian life, educating childrenFanned flames of discontentRoman Catholic Church censored, condemned worksDesiderius ErasmusMores best-known work, Utopia, contains criticisms of English government, societyPresents vision of perfect, non-existent society based on reasonSir Thomas MoreItalian-born writer focused on role of women in societyGrew up in French court of Charles V; turned to writing when widowedChampioned equality, education for womenChristine de PisanPhilosophers and WritersRenaissance and ReformationSection 210ArtistsLike literary counterparts, northern European artists influenced by Italian Renaissance Adopted Italian techniques Works reflected more realistic view of humanityItalian artists tried to capture beauty of Greek, Roman gods in paintingsNorthern artists tried to depict people as they really were Renaissance and ReformationSection 215

Renaissance and ReformationSection 2Printing PressMid-1400s, Johannes Gutenberg cast letters of alphabet on metal plates, locked metal plates on wooden press; perfected movable type printingResult, one of most dramatic upheavals world has ever knownItalicsGutenbergs first publication, 1,282-page BiblePrinters soon appeared in other cities, made books quickly, inexpensivelyExplosion of printed material quickly spread Renaissance ideasPrinted Word Available to MoreBefore only way to reproduce writing was by hand; long, painstaking processWith movable type, text quickly printed; producing books faster, cheaperEasier access to books prompted more people to learn to readA Book RevolutionRenaissance and ReformationSection 26

Renaissance and ReformationSection 2In notesPrinting press invented in GermanyPress technology spreadsEasier and cheaper to make booksMore books availableIdeas spread quicklyPeople want to learn and read

Renaissance and ReformationSection 2Find the Main Idea

How did Renaissance ideas spread to northern Europe?Answer(s): Ideas were exchanged through trade; artists and scholars traveled between Italy and the north; printing press allowed easier bookmaking; ideas spread with printed material.Renaissance and ReformationSection 29

Erasmus

Sir Thomas MoreRenaissance and ReformationSection 2Use of language, choice of themes made plays appealing even to uneducated

Plays helped spread ideas of Renaissance to mass audience

Focused on lives of realistic characters, unlike morality plays

By Shakespeares death, 1616, London scene of thriving theatre districtSpread Renaissance IdeasMany believe English playwright William Shakespeare greatest writer

Plots not original, but treatments of them masterful

Drew inspiration from ancient, contemporary literature

Knowledge of natural science, humanist topics expressed in playsWilliam ShakespeareShakespeare and His CharactersRenaissance and ReformationSection 212ShakespeareRomeo and JulietHamletWhat others can you think of???Renaissance and ReformationSection 2PreviewMain Idea / Reading FocusThe Renaissance Spreads NorthPhilosophers and WritersArtistsThe Northern RenaissanceRenaissance and ReformationSection 21400s, German artist Albrecht Drer visited ItalyOn return, used Italian techniques of realism, perspectiveOil paintings exhibit features unique to northern RenaissanceOils reproduced textures; reflection of objects, scenes outside windowArtists of Netherlands developed own style, Flemish SchoolUsed technique perfected by Jan van Eyck, 1400sFused the everyday with religious; lit candle represents Gods presenceFlemish School1500s, Pieter Brueghel the Elder used Italian techniquesPaintings showed scenes from everyday peasant lifeDifferent from mythological scenes of Italian paintingsEveryday LifeDrer and OthersRenaissance and ReformationSection 216Contrast

How did northern Renaissance artwork differ from that of Italian artists?Answer(s): depicted everyday objects, people as they actually wereRenaissance and ReformationSection 217Northern Renaissance ( documentary ) - YouTubeRenaissance and ReformationSection 2HomeworkYou are a docentChoose a work of art from the Renaissance to research.Focus on the artists approach to the subject matter, techniques, and visual effects, and when the piece was created. Write a report on your findings.Renaissance and ReformationSection 2