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Term Paper(2) Paraphrasing and Quoting

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• You must always identify where you got your information by using “citations”

• Examples of citations:• Smith (1997) found that families without phone

services have trouble contacting utilities and social service agencies to seek benefits for which they qualify.

• Families without phone services have trouble contacting utilities and social service agencies to seek benefits for which they qualify (Smith, 1997).

How to cite sources within the text

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• You must always identify where you got your information by using “citations”

• If “common-knowledge”, don’t need citation• ALMOST NOTHING IS COMMON KNOWLEDGE

http://wps.ablongman.com/long_longman_uopapl_2/0,,1838379-,00.html

• If not common-knowledge, need citation• ALMOST EVERY SENTENCE IN YOUR PAPER

SHOULD HAVE A CITATION.

How to cite sources within the text

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• You must always identify where you got your information by using “citations”

• When referring to another source, you will either paraphrase or quote (and then cite the source)

• If you don’t cite the source, that is

plagiarism.

How to cite sources within the text

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• If you want to paraphrase a source:•You put it into your own words. AND THEN YOU CITE THE SOURCE•Paraphrasing is more than changing a

few words.•Paraphrasing is easier when you are

synthesizing more than 1 source.•Try reading the original passage until you

understand it’s full meaning, then set it aside, and imagine you are explaining the ideas to a friend, what would you say?

PARAPHRASING

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• If you want to directly quote a source:

• Quotations of less then 40 words should be incorporated into the text, such as:

Smith (1997) found that “families without phone services have trouble contacting utilities and social service agencies to seek benefits for which they qualify” (p. 276).

• Quotations of more than 40 words use a separate “block quotation”, such as:

Smith (1997) found that:

Families without phone services have trouble contacting utilities and social service agencies to seek benefits for which they qualify. (p. 276).

QUOTING

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• Let’s go over the handout:

“How to use Citations and References when Writing a Research Paper.”

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• Summary(1) For almost every sentence…(2) you will be either paraphrasing or quoting a

source(3) and then providing citations to the source. FYI - don’t have more than 1 quote per page.

• Here are websites that provide concise information about how to use in-text citations for paraphrasing and quoting• http://library.concordia.ca/help/howto/apa.php• http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx?doc_id=7

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• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/

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•Plagiarism is defined as• to steal and pass off (ideas or words

of another) as one’s own• use information without crediting the

source• present a new and original idea

derived from an existing source as one’s own.

What is Plagiarism?

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• Plagiarism is a form of dishonesty. The academic community relies upon the reciprocal exchange of ideas and information to further knowledge and research. Using information without acknowledging its source violates this process and cheats writers and researchers of the credit they deserve for their work and creativity.

• Plagiarism can have even more dire consequences for students. A plagiarized paper can result in a failing grade in a course and, at some schools, disciplinary action ranging from suspension to expulsion. A record of such action may adversely affect professional opportunities in the future as well as graduate school admission.

Consequences of Plagiarism

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• copying and pasting complete papers from electronic sources

• copying and pasting passages from electronic sources without placing the passages in quotes and properly citing the source

• having others write complete papers or portions of papers for you

• summarizing ideas without citing their source

• closely paraphrasing - not putting the information in your own words (even if it's cited)

• quoting statistics without naming the source unless you gathered the data yourself

• using words and passages you don't understand and can't explain

• self-plagiarizing - using one paper for more than one class without the permission of your professors

• making up sources

Definite don’ts

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Deliberate v. Accidental Plagiarism

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• Acceptable Use or Plagiarism?• http://www.amarris.homestead.com/files/

paraphrase.html

• http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/acceptuse1.php• http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/acceptuse2.php

• http://wps.ablongman.com/long_longman_uopapl_2/0,,1838379-,00.html

Some Tutorials….

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• Let’s look at handout:

“Referencing, Citing, and Quoting a Web Document”

Web Documents

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Writing Exercise #5• You will use our Critical Thinking Toolbox to

examine another article for your Term Paper.

• 1-3 page double-spaced typed paper that analyzes the arguments for and against the topic of the article

• You must use APA format for citations, quotations, and paraphrasing

• The purpose of Writing Exercise 5 is to learn how to paraphrase and quote, and to learn how to cite.