the current situation for oat breeding in europe ... 1.1/steffen beuch.pdf · the current situation...

The current situation for oat breeding in Europe –opportunities and challenges

Dr. Steffen Beuch

NORDSAAT Saatzucht GmbH, Zuchtstation Granskevitz/Rügen

Conference “Oats 2020”, 23rd–25th November 2015

Birmingham, UK

The sustainable food value chain…

Source: FAO (2014)

23/11/2015 Dr. Steffen Beuch, “Oats 2020” conference, Birmingham (UK) 2

is defined as:

the full range of farms and firms and their successive

coordinated value-adding activities that produce

particular raw agricultural materials and transform them

into particular food products that are sold to final

consumers and disposed of after use, in a manner that is

profitable throughout, has broad-based benefits for

society, and does not permanently deplete natural

resources.

The sustainable food value chain…

Source: FAO (2014)


create added value that has five components:

1 ] salaries for workers;

2 ] a return on assets (profits) to entrepreneurs and asset

owners;

3 ] tax revenues to the government;

4 ] a better food supply to consumers; and

5 ] a net impact on the environment, positive or negative.

Oat growing in Europe 2012-2014

Source: Eurostat


Oat seed production Europe 2013 (t)

Source: ESCAA


Source: ESCAA


Winter oat seed production Europe 2013 (t)

Oat breeding in Germany

Source: German Federal Plant Variety Office


Trial yield trends in Germany 1983-2012

CropInten

-sity

Baseliney(1983)

Estimates of linear yield trendsGenetic Agronomic Overall

Absolute SE % Absolute SE % Absolute SE %Overall On-farm

Winter wheat

I2 80.6 61.4 0.530*** 0.042 0.66 0.161ns 0.119 0.20 0.716*** 0.123 0.89I1 70.8 0.817*** 0.044 1.15 -0.197ns 0.111 -0.28 0.651*** 0.110 0.92

Winter barleytwo rows

I2 68.1 54.5 0.558*** 0.041 0.82 0.196ns 0.121 0.25 0.768*** 0.114 1.13I1 59.2 0.621*** 0.038 1.05 0.012ns 0.095 0.02 0.665*** 0.088 1.12

Winter barleysix rows

I2 72.0 54.5 0.435*** 0.043 0.60 0.289ns 0.136 0.20 0.761*** 0.129 1.06I1 62.1 0.534*** 0.041 0.86 0.122ns 0.110 -1.67 0.693*** 0.101 1.12

Winterrye

I2 68.9 41.9 0.656*** 0.070 0.95 0.134ns 0.141 0.19 0.867*** 0.121 1.26I1 59.7 0.696*** 0.061 1.17 -0.088ns 0.105 -0.15 0.699*** 0.106 1.17

Winter triticale

I2 81.9 52.3 0.918*** 0.083 1.13 -0.427ns 0.188 -0.53 0.433* 0.183 0.58I1 68.9 1.178*** 0.082 1.71 -0.534ns 0.165 -0.77 0.567*** 0.154 0.82

Spring wheat

I2 66.8 49.2 0.328*** 0.040 0.49 0.035ns 0.139 0.05 0.336* 0.138 0.50I1 60.0 0.403*** 0.034 0.67 -0.103ns 0.124 -0.17 0.293* 0.121 0.49

Spring barley

I2 57.9 40.6 0.391*** 0.036 0.68 0.093ns 0.098 0.16 0.483*** 0.096 0.84I1 53.8 0.455*** 0.036 0.85 -0.081ns 0.095 -0.15 0.374*** 0.093 0.70

Spring OatsI2 0.330*** 0.103I1 57.1 43.3 0.334** 0.024 0.59 0.205ns 0.137 0.36 0.568*** 0.136 1.00

Source: LAIDIG, F. et al. (2014; calculation for oats added by F. LAIDIG, 2015)


CropInten

-sity

Baseliney(1983)

Estimates of linear yield trends Yield gaps(%)On-farm Gap overall – on-farm

Absolute SE % Absolute SE %Overall On-farm 1983 2012Winter wheat

I2 80.6 61.4 0.567*** 0.094 0.92 0.158** 0.056 0.20 24 23I1 70.8

Winter barleytwo rows

I2 68.1 54.5 0.412** 0.106 0.76 0.379*** 0.047 0.56 20 26I1 59.2

Winter barleysix rows

I2 72.0 54.5 0.412** 0.106 0.76 0.373*** 0.041 0.52 24 29I1 62.1

Winterrye

I2 68.9 41.9 0.392* 0.130 0.93 0.525*** 0.091 0.76 39 43I1 59.7

Winter triticale I2 81.9 52.3 0.235ns 0.117 0.45 0.232** 0.078 0.28 36 37I1 68.9

Spring wheat

I2 66.8 49.2 0.288** 0.087 0.58 0.116ns 0.096 0.17 26 25I1 60.0

Spring barley

I2 57.9 40.6 0.379*** 0.080 0.93 0.114* 0.040 0.20 30 28I1 53.8

Spring OatsI2I1 57.1 43.3 0.161* 0.094 0.37 0.404*** 0.071 0.71 24 35

Trial yield trends in Germany 1983-2012


Source: LAIDIG, F. et al. (2014; calculation for oats added by F. LAIDIG, 2015)

Possible reasons for yield gap

Source: Schäfer and Gröblinghoff (2015), National German Oat Status Seminar

•On farm oat growing at marginal soils mainly.

•Less intensive crop management in oat growing.

•Slow introduction of new, more productive oat varieties.

•Other factors (i.e. official statistics or higher amount of organic oat growing).

•Only very few scientific trials (soil management, fertilization, plant protection) to higher oat crop productivity.

•During 2012-2014 official oat variety trials have shown yield increases at North-Western trial sites caused by a higher trial intensity.


Yield gaps in European oats 2012-2014

Sources: Eurostat, National VCU-trials, *W-oats France 2012, 2013, 2015


Yield variation VCU Germany 1991-2006

Source: LAIDIG, F. et al. (2008)


Coefficients of variation of components (%)Crop L Y LY G GL GY GLY e

Winter wheat 7.5 5.4 9.8 4.2 1.7 1.7 3.4 4.3Winter barley 2row 9.2 6.8 9.0 3.3 1.6 1.7 3.4 4.7

Winter barley 6row 8.8 7.1 10.6 3.2 2.0 1.8 3.5 5.2

Winter rye 8.0 2.2 10.8 6.3 1.6 1.4 2.7 4.8Winter rye hybrids 8.7 3.9 10.7 3.8 1.5 1.6 2.7 4.8

Winter triticale 9.0 6.0 10.8 3.9 2.2 2.5 4.0 5.3Spring wheat 9.1 5.1 13.2 2.9 2.3 1.6 3.2 4.0Spring barley 8.3 5.9 13.5 3.5 1.4 1.4 3.2 4.9Spring oats 10.4 6.9 13.1 2.2 1.5 1.4 2.8 4.8

VCU trials oats eastern Canada 2006-2012

Source: YAN, W. et al. (2015)


Trait Parameter Mean per year

Groat percentage N 8.5N_H75 3.3H 0.90

Test weight N 10.3N_H75 4.1H 0.90

1,000-kernel weight N 9.0N_H75 2.7H 0.93

Lodging score N 8.3N_H75 15.9H 0.66

Grain yield N 9.7N_H75 20.8H 0.63

H = Heritability achievedN = Number of test locations usedN_H75 = Number of test locations needed to achieve a heritability of 0.75

Hectolitre weight of the variety IVORYResults of the German VCU-field trials 2005-2014, n=114, Source: German Federal Plant Variety Office


• Oats are behind the major crops regarding the use and adaptability of modern biotech methods for plant breeding.

• Polygenic traits in oats can be described by “lose” (lots of small effects) only (Herrmann et al. 2014).

• Tissue culture techniques offer the possibility to fasten the recurrent oat breeding cycles (see barley, wheat etc. – Poster of Tom Cooper is recommended).

• Genomic selection needs adaptation for oats. There are chances but still many open questions (Heslot et al. 2015).

• At the precompetitive level, European oat breeders should cooperate intensively to use the possible new ways of breeding as cost-efficient as possible.

Biotech for oats – opening the door?


1) The Nagoya protocol- International agreement, value transfer of germplasm use.- EU has signed it, national regulations under preparation.- Will become regular law in Germany the next months.- Partly not in accordance with IT on plant genetic resources.- Unsafety, unclear rules, high documentation required.- Process at the EU general court by plant breeders on the way.

2) The conflict between Russia and the EU- Mutual embargo on distinct goods - Agriculture.- Russia is going to be become more autarkic.- A lot of money will be given to the Russian plant breeders.- Foreign plant varieties will be excluded from commercialisation.- Russia is host of the next IOC 2016 in St. Petersburg.- Oat breeding is an “open system” (rules of plant protection)!- All attendants of the next IOC are asked to advice for it.

Oat breeding and politics


• Oat breeding belongs to the concept of a sustainable oat food value chain. But the economical pressure for refinancing the European oat breeding is enormous.

• In Germany, during the last 30 years the potential oat grain yield clearly increased by plant breeders. But German oat farmers are nor able to use this yield potential completely. Huge gaps between trial and farm yield exist in many European countries.

• Breeding for higher yield is affected by strong GxE-interactions. Consequently, a large number of cost intensive trials is needed.

• The importance of the test weight should be urgently relativized. Biotech tools have been not very successful so far. New approaches should be introduced in a cooperative way.

Summary


Thank you for your attention!

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